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Financial centre

Index Financial centre

A financial centre is a location that is home to a cluster of nationally or internationally significant financial services providers such as banks, investment managers, or stock exchanges. [1]

244 relations: Adam Smith, Amsterdam, Amsterdam Wisselbank, Antwerp, Asia, Asia-Pacific, Asset management, Australian Securities Exchange, Baltic Exchange, Bank, Bank for International Settlements, Bank of America, Bank of China, Bank of England, Bank of France, Banking in Canada, BATS Global Markets, Bay Street, BB&T, Bear raid, Beijing, Berlin, Big Three (credit rating agencies), Bolsa de Madrid, Bond (finance), Bond market, Borsa Italiana, Brexit, Bruges, Brussels, Business, Business Insider, Capital market, Capitalism, Captive insurance, Central bank, Chicago, Chicago Board of Trade, Chicago Mercantile Exchange, China Construction Bank, China Daily, China Development Institute, Civil Service College Singapore, Clearing house (finance), CME Group, CNBC, Commodity market, Conduit and Sink OFCs, Corporate bond, Corporate haven, ..., Corporation, Credit rating agency, Daniel Gross, Demand deposit, Derivatives market, Deutsche Börse, Deutsche Bundesbank, Double Irish arrangement, Dow Jones & Company, Dubai, Durham University, Dutch East India Company, Dutch Golden Age, Dutch guilder, Dutch Republic, Dutch West India Company, Economy of the United States, Edward Stringham, Emirates NBD, English contract law, English law, English-speaking world, Euro, Eurobond, Eurodollar, Euronext Amsterdam, European Banking Authority, European Central Bank, European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority, European Securities and Markets Authority, European Union, Eurozone, Exchange (organized market), Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Federal Reserve System, Finance, Financial capital, Financial crisis of 2007–2008, Financial Development Index, Financial innovation, Financial intermediary, Financial market, Financial Revolution, Financial services, Financial system, Fitch Ratings, Foreign exchange market, France in the Middle Ages, Frankfurt, Futures contract, Gabriel Zucman, Geneva, Genoa, Geography of finance, Global city, Global Financial Centres Index, Global financial system, Government bond, Great Recession, Hedge fund, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Basic Law, HSBC Bank Middle East, Illinois, India, Indian subcontinent, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Initial public offering, Institutional investor, Insurance, International business, International Finance Center Seoul, International Finance Centre (Hong Kong), International Financial Services Centre, International Monetary Fund, Investment banking, Investment management, Islamic banking and finance, Issuer, Italian city-states, Johannesburg, John Brooks (writer), John Steele Gordon, Joseph de la Vega, Kansas City, Missouri, Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Germany, List of private equity firms, Listing (finance), Lloyd's of London, Loan, London, London bullion market, London Metal Exchange, London Review of Books, London Stock Exchange, London Stock Exchange Group, Low Countries, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Malaysia, Maona, Market manipulation, Matt Taibbi, Mergers and acquisitions, MetLife, Mexico City, Middle Ages, Middle East, Monetary policy of the United States, Money market, Moody's Investors Service, Multinational corporation, Municipal bond, Murray Sayle, Mutual fund, NASDAQ, Nature (journal), Neologism, New Jersey, New York City, New York Stock Exchange, Niche market, Nylonkong, Offshore company, Offshore financial centre, Option (finance), Over-the-counter (finance), Paris, Paris Bourse, PBS, Peter Boettke, Polarity (international relations), Private equity, Professional services, Public company, Pudong, Qatar, Reinsurance, Renaissance, Renminbi, Republic of Genoa, Republic of Venice, Reuven Brenner, Richard Sylla, Robert J. Shiller, Russia, Saudi Arabia, São Paulo, Secondary market, Securities market, Securitization, Security (finance), Shanghai, Share (finance), Shenzhen, Short (finance), Silicon Docks, Singapore, Single Supervisory Mechanism, South Korea, Special administrative regions of China, Speculation, Standard & Poor's, State bank, Stock, Stock exchange, Stock market, Stock trader, SunTrust Banks, Sveriges Riksbank, Sydney, Tax haven, The Great Game (Gordon book), The New York Times, TIAA, Timothy Brook, Tokyo, Toronto, Toronto Stock Exchange, U.S. state, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, Venice, Vermeer's Hat, Wall Street, Walter Russell Mead, Wells Fargo, World War I, World-systems theory, Xinhua News Agency, Z/Yen, Zürich. Expand index (194 more) »

Adam Smith

Adam Smith (16 June 1723 NS (5 June 1723 OS) – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish economist, philosopher and author as well as a moral philosopher, a pioneer of political economy and a key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment era.

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Amsterdam

Amsterdam is the capital and most populous municipality of the Netherlands.

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Amsterdam Wisselbank

The Bank of Amsterdam (Amsterdamsche Wisselbank or literally Amsterdam Exchange Bank) was an early bank, vouched for by the city of Amsterdam, established in 1609, the precursor to, if not the first, modern central bank.

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Antwerp

Antwerp (Antwerpen, Anvers) is a city in Belgium, and is the capital of Antwerp province in Flanders.

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Asia

Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres.

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Asia-Pacific

Asia-Pacific or Asia Pacific (abbreviated as APAC, Asia-Pac, AsPac, APJ, JAPA or JAPAC) is the part of the world in or near the Western Pacific Ocean.

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Asset management

Asset management, broadly defined, refers to any system that monitors and maintains things of value to an entity or group.

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Australian Securities Exchange

The Australian Securities Exchange (ASX, sometimes referred to outside Australia as the Sydney Stock Exchange) is Australia's primary securities exchange.

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Baltic Exchange

The Baltic Exchange (incorporated as The Baltic Exchange Limited) is a membership organisation for the maritime industry, and freight market information provider for the trading and settlement of physical and derivative contracts.

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Bank

A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates credit.

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Bank for International Settlements

The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) is an international financial institution owned by central banks which "fosters international monetary and financial cooperation and serves as a bank for central banks".

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Bank of America

Bank of America Corporation (abbreviated as BofA) is an American multinational financial services company headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina.

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Bank of China

Bank of China (often abbreviated as 中行 or BOC) is one of the four biggest state-owned commercial banks in China.

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Bank of England

The Bank of England, formally the Governor and Company of the Bank of England, is the central bank of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the model on which most modern central banks have been based.

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Bank of France

The Bank of France known in French as the Banque de France, headquartered in Paris, is the central bank of France; it is linked to the European Central Bank (ECB).

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Banking in Canada

Banking in Canada is widely considered one of the safest banking systems in the world,, World Economic Forum, In the 2010-2011 report Canada is ranked 1st in the "Soundness of banks" indicator ranking as the world's soundest banking system for the past six years according to reports by the World Economic Forum.

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BATS Global Markets

Bats Global Markets is a global stock exchange operator based in Lenexa, Kansas, with additional offices in London, New York, Chicago and Singapore.

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Bay Street

Bay Street is a major thoroughfare in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

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BB&T

BB&T Corporation (Branch Banking and Trust Company) is a financial service holding company based in Winston-Salem, North Carolina.

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Bear raid

A bear raid is a type of stock market strategy, where a trader (or group of traders) attempts to force down the price of a stock to cover a short position.

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Beijing

Beijing, formerly romanized as Peking, is the capital of the People's Republic of China, the world's second most populous city proper, and most populous capital city.

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Berlin

Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany, as well as one of its 16 constituent states.

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Big Three (credit rating agencies)

The Big Three credit rating agencies are Standard & Poor's (S&P), Moody's, and Fitch Group.

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Bolsa de Madrid

Bolsa de Madrid (Madrid Stock Exchange) is the largest and most international of Spain's four regional stock exchanges (the others are located in Barcelona, Valencia, and Bilbao) that trade shares and convertible bonds and fixed income securities, and both government and private-sector debt.

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Bond (finance)

In finance, a bond is an instrument of indebtedness of the bond issuer to the holders.

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Bond market

The bond market (also debt market or credit market) is a financial market where participants can issue new debt, known as the primary market, or buy and sell debt securities, known as the secondary market.

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Borsa Italiana

Borsa Italiana S.p.A., based in Milan, is Italy's only stock exchange.

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Brexit

Brexit is the impending withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU).

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Bruges

Bruges (Brugge; Bruges; Brügge) is the capital and largest city of the province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium, in the northwest of the country.

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Brussels

Brussels (Bruxelles,; Brussel), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest), is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels, which is the de jure capital of Belgium.

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Business

Business is the activity of making one's living or making money by producing or buying and selling products (goods and services).

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Business Insider

Business Insider is an American financial and business news website that also operates international editions in the UK, Australia, China, Germany, France, South Africa, India, Italy, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Netherlands, Nordics, Poland, Spanish and Singapore.

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Capital market

A capital market is a financial market in which long-term debt (over a year) or equity-backed securities are bought and sold.

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Capitalism

Capitalism is an economic system based upon private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.

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Captive insurance

Captive insurance is an alternative to self-insurance in which a parent group or groups create a licensed insurance company to provide coverage for itself.

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Central bank

A central bank, reserve bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages a state's currency, money supply, and interest rates.

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Chicago

Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third most populous city in the United States, after New York City and Los Angeles.

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Chicago Board of Trade

The Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT), established on April 3, 1848, is one of the world's oldest futures and options exchanges.

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Chicago Mercantile Exchange

The Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) (often called "the Chicago Merc", or "the Merc") is an American financial and commodity derivative exchange based in Chicago and located at 20 S. Wacker Drive.

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China Construction Bank

China Construction Bank Corporation (CCB) is one of the "big four" banks in the People's Republic of China.

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China Daily

China Daily is an English-language daily newspaper published in the People's Republic of China.

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China Development Institute

China Development Institute (CDI) is a think tank based in Shenzhen, Southern China bordering Hong Kong.

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Civil Service College Singapore

Civil Service College (CSC) Singapore is a college for government employees in Singapore.

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Clearing house (finance)

A clearing house is a financial institution formed to facilitate the exchange (i.e., clearance) of payments, securities, or derivatives transactions.

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CME Group

CME Group Inc. (Chicago Mercantile Exchange & Chicago Board of Trade) is an American financial market company operating an options and futures exchange.

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CNBC

CNBC is an American basic cable, internet and satellite business news television channel that is owned by NBCUniversal News Group, a division of NBCUniversal, with both being ultimately owned by Comcast.

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Commodity market

A commodity market is a market that trades in primary economic sector rather than manufactured products.

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Conduit and Sink OFCs

Conduit OFC and Sink OFC is an empirical quantitative method of classifying corporate tax havens, offshore financial centres and tax havens.

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Corporate bond

A corporate bond is a bond issued by a corporation in order to raise financing for a variety of reasons such as to ongoing operations, M&A, or to expand business.

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Corporate haven

A corporate haven, corporate tax haven, or multinational tax haven, is a jurisdiction that international corporates find attractive for establishing subsidiaries and/or incorporation of regional or main company headquarters, mostly due to favourable tax regimes (not just the headline tax rate), and/or favourable secrecy laws (such as the avoidance of sanctions or disclosure of tax schemes), and/or favourable regulatory regimes (such as looser data-protection or employment laws).

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Corporation

A corporation is a company or group of people or an organisation authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law.

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Credit rating agency

A credit rating agency (CRA, also called a ratings service) is a company that assigns credit ratings, which rate a debtor's ability to pay back debt by making timely interest payments and the likelihood of default.

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Daniel Gross

Daniel Gross (born August 4, 1967) is an American journalist and author.

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Demand deposit

Demand deposits, bank money or scriptural money are funds held in demand deposit accounts in commercial banks.

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Derivatives market

The derivatives market is the financial market for derivatives, financial instruments like futures contracts or options, which are derived from other forms of assets.

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Deutsche Börse

Deutsche Börse AG or the Deutsche Börse Group, is a marketplace organizer for the trading of shares and other securities.

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Deutsche Bundesbank

The Deutsche Bundesbank is the central bank of the Federal Republic of Germany and as such part of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB).

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Double Irish arrangement

Double Irish arrangement is a tax scheme used by some U.S. corporations in Ireland (including Apple, Google and Facebook amongst others), to shield non-U.S. income from the pre Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA) U.S. worldwide 35% tax system, and almost all Irish taxes.

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Dow Jones & Company

Dow Jones & Company is an American publishing and financial information firm that has been owned by News Corp. since 2007.

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Dubai

Dubai (دبي) is the largest and most populous city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

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Durham University

Durham University (legally the University of Durham) is a collegiate public research university in Durham, North East England, with a second campus in Stockton-on-Tees.

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Dutch East India Company

The United East India Company, sometimes known as the United East Indies Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie; or Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie in modern spelling; abbreviated to VOC), better known to the English-speaking world as the Dutch East India Company or sometimes as the Dutch East Indies Company, was a multinational corporation that was founded in 1602 from a government-backed consolidation of several rival Dutch trading companies.

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Dutch Golden Age

The Dutch Golden Age (Gouden Eeuw) was a period in the history of the Netherlands, roughly spanning the 17th century, in which Dutch trade, science, military, and art were among the most acclaimed in the world.

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Dutch guilder

The Dutch guilder (gulden) or fl. was the currency of the Netherlands from the 17th century until 2002, when it was replaced by the euro.

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Dutch Republic

The Dutch Republic was a republic that existed from the formal creation of a confederacy in 1581 by several Dutch provinces (which earlier seceded from the Spanish rule) until the Batavian Revolution in 1795.

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Dutch West India Company

Dutch West India Company (Geoctroyeerde Westindische Compagnie, or GWIC; Chartered West India Company) was a chartered company (known as the "WIC") of Dutch merchants as well as foreign investors.

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Economy of the United States

The economy of the United States is a highly developed mixed economy.

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Edward Stringham

Edward Peter Stringham (born January 18, 1975) is an Austrian School American economist.

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Emirates NBD

Emirates NBD is one of the largest banking groups in the Middle East in terms of assets.

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English contract law

English contract law is a body of law regulating contracts in England and Wales.

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English law

English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures.

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English-speaking world

Approximately 330 to 360 million people speak English as their first language.

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Euro

The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the European Union.

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Eurobond

A eurobond is an international bond that is denominated in a currency not native to the country where it is issued.

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Eurodollar

Eurodollars are time deposits denominated in U.S. dollars at banks outside the United States, and thus are not under the jurisdiction of the Federal Reserve.

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Euronext Amsterdam

Euronext Amsterdam is a stock exchange based in Amsterdam.

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European Banking Authority

The European Banking Authority (EBA) is a regulatory agency of the European Union headquartered in London.

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European Central Bank

The European Central Bank (ECB) is the central bank for the euro and administers monetary policy of the euro area, which consists of 19 EU member states and is one of the largest currency areas in the world.

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European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority

The European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) is a European Union financial regulatory institution that replaced the Committee of European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Supervisors (CEIOPS).

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European Securities and Markets Authority

The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) is a European Union financial regulatory institution and European Supervisory Authority, located in Paris.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Eurozone

No description.

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Exchange (organized market)

An exchange, or bourse also known as a trading exchange or trading venue, is an organized market where (especially) tradable securities, commodities, foreign exchange, futures, and options contracts are sold and bought.

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Federal Reserve Bank of New York

The Federal Reserve Bank of New York is one of the 12 Federal Reserve Banks of the United States.

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Federal Reserve System

The Federal Reserve System (also known as the Federal Reserve or simply the Fed) is the central banking system of the United States of America.

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Finance

Finance is a field that is concerned with the allocation (investment) of assets and liabilities (known as elements of the balance statement) over space and time, often under conditions of risk or uncertainty.

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Financial capital

Financial capital is any economic resource measured in terms of money used by entrepreneurs and businesses to buy what they need to make their products or to provide their services to the sector of the economy upon which their operation is based, i.e. retail, corporate, investment banking, etc.

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Financial crisis of 2007–2008

The financial crisis of 2007–2008, also known as the global financial crisis and the 2008 financial crisis, is considered by many economists to have been the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s.

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Financial Development Index

The World Economic Forum publishes a Financial Development Index annually, which measures and analyses the factors enabling the development of financial systems among different economies.

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Financial innovation

Financial innovation is the act of creating new financial instruments as well as new financial technologies, institutions, and markets.

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Financial intermediary

A financial intermediary is an institution or individual that serves as a middleman among diverse parties in order to facilitate financial transactions.

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Financial market

A financial market is a market in which people trade financial securities and derivatives such as futures and options at low transaction costs.

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Financial Revolution

The Financial Revolution was a set of economical and financial reforms in Britain after the Glorious Revolution in 1688 when William III invaded England.

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Financial services

Financial services are the economic services provided by the finance industry, which encompasses a broad range of businesses that manage money, including credit unions, banks, credit-card companies, insurance companies, accountancy companies, consumer-finance companies, stock brokerages, investment funds, individual managers and some government-sponsored enterprises.

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Financial system

A financial system (within the scope of finance) is a system that allows the exchange of funds between lenders, investors, and borrowers.

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Fitch Ratings

Fitch Ratings Inc.

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Foreign exchange market

The foreign exchange market (Forex, FX, or currency market) is a global decentralized or over-the-counter (OTC) market for the trading of currencies.

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France in the Middle Ages

The Kingdom of France in the Middle Ages (roughly, from the 9th century to the middle of the 15th century) was marked by the fragmentation of the Carolingian Empire and West Francia (843–987); the expansion of royal control by the House of Capet (987–1328), including their struggles with the virtually independent principalities (duchies and counties, such as the Norman and Angevin regions) that had developed following the Viking invasions and through the piecemeal dismantling of the Carolingian Empire and the creation and extension of administrative/state control (notably under Philip II Augustus and Louis IX) in the 13th century; and the rise of the House of Valois (1328–1589), including the protracted dynastic crisis of the Hundred Years' War with the Kingdom of England (1337–1453) compounded by the catastrophic Black Death epidemic (1348), which laid the seeds for a more centralized and expanded state in the early modern period and the creation of a sense of French identity.

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Frankfurt

Frankfurt, officially the City of Frankfurt am Main ("Frankfurt on the Main"), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany.

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Futures contract

In finance, a futures contract (more colloquially, futures) is a standardized forward contract, a legal agreement to buy or sell something at a predetermined price at a specified time in the future.

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Gabriel Zucman

Gabriel Zucman (born 30 October 1986) is a French economist.

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Geneva

Geneva (Genève, Genèva, Genf, Ginevra, Genevra) is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of the Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland.

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Genoa

Genoa (Genova,; Zêna; English, historically, and Genua) is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the sixth-largest city in Italy.

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Geography of finance

Geography of finance is a branch of economic geography that focuses on issues of financial globalization and the geographic patterns of finance.

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Global city

A global city, also called world city or sometimes alpha city or world center, is a city which is a primary node in the global economic network.

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Global Financial Centres Index

The Global Financial Centres Index (GFCI) is a ranking of the competitiveness of financial centres based on over 29,000 financial centre assessments from an online questionnaire together with over 100 indices from organisations such as the World Bank, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the Economist Intelligence Unit.

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Global financial system

The global financial system is the worldwide framework of legal agreements, institutions, and both formal and informal economic actors that together facilitate international flows of financial capital for purposes of investment and trade financing.

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Government bond

A government bond or sovereign bond is a bond issued by a national government, generally with a promise to pay periodic interest payments and to repay the face value on the maturity date.

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Great Recession

The Great Recession was a period of general economic decline observed in world markets during the late 2000s and early 2010s.

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Hedge fund

A hedge fund is an investment fund that pools capital from accredited individuals or institutional investors and invests in a variety of assets, often with complex portfolio-construction and risk-management techniques.

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Hong Kong

Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory of China on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary in East Asia.

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Hong Kong Basic Law

The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China is the constitutional document of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

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HSBC Bank Middle East

HSBC Bank Middle East Limited is the largest and most widely represented international bank in the Middle East.

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Illinois

Illinois is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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Indian subcontinent

The Indian subcontinent is a southern region and peninsula of Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate and projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas.

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Industrial and Commercial Bank of China

Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited (abb. ICBC) is a Chinese multinational banking company.

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Initial public offering

Initial public offering (IPO) or stock market launch is a type of public offering in which shares of a company are sold to institutional investors and usually also retail (individual) investors; an IPO is underwritten by one or more investment banks, who also arrange for the shares to be listed on one or more stock exchanges.

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Institutional investor

An institutional investor is an entity which pools money to purchase securities, real property, and other investment assets or originate loans.

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Insurance

Insurance is a means of protection from financial loss.

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International business

International business refers to the trade of goods, services, technology, capital and/or knowledge at a global level.

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International Finance Center Seoul

International Finance Centre Seoul(서울국제금융센터), commonly known IFC Seoul(아이 에프 시 서울), is a mixed-use integrated commercial development in Seoul, South Korea.

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International Finance Centre (Hong Kong)

The International Finance Centre (abbr. IFC, branded as "ifc") is a skyscraper and an integrated commercial development on the waterfront of Hong Kong's Central District.

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International Financial Services Centre

The International Financial Services Centre (or IFSC) began in 1987 as a special economic zone on a derelict 11 hectare site near the centre of Dublin, with EU approval to apply a 10% corporate tax rate for designated financial services activities on the site.

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International Monetary Fund

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of "189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world." Formed in 1945 at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes, it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system.

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Investment banking

An investment bank is typically a private company that provides various finance-related and other services to individuals, corporations, and governments such as raising financial capital by underwriting or acting as the client's agent in the issuance of securities.

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Investment management

Investment management is the professional asset management of various securities (shares, bonds and other securities) and other assets (e.g., real estate) in order to meet specified investment goals for the benefit of the investors.

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Islamic banking and finance

Islamic banking or Islamic finance (مصرفية إسلامية) or sharia-compliant finance is banking or financing activity that complies with sharia (Islamic law) and its practical application through the development of Islamic economics.

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Issuer

Issuer is a legal entity that develops, registers and sells securities for the purpose of financing its operations.

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Italian city-states

The Italian city-states were a political phenomenon of small independent states mostly in the central and northern Italian peninsula between the 9th and the 15th centuries.

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Johannesburg

Johannesburg (also known as Jozi, Joburg and Egoli) is the largest city in South Africa and is one of the 50 largest urban areas in the world.

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John Brooks (writer)

John Brooks (December 5, 1920 – July 27, 1993) was a writer and longtime contributor to The New Yorker magazine, where he worked for many years as a staff writer, specializing in financial topics.

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John Steele Gordon

John Steele Gordon (born May 7, 1944) is an American writer who specializes in the history of business and finance.

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Joseph de la Vega

José, Josseph or Joseph Penso de la Vega, best known as Josseph de la Vega (ca.1650, Espejo, Spain — November 13, 1692, Amsterdam, Netherlands), was a successful Jewish merchant, poet, and philanthropist residing in 17th century Amsterdam.

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Kansas City, Missouri

Kansas City is the largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri.

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Kingdom of England

The Kingdom of England (French: Royaume d'Angleterre; Danish: Kongeriget England; German: Königreich England) was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from the 10th century—when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms—until 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.

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Kingdom of Germany

The Kingdom of Germany or German Kingdom (Regnum Teutonicum, "Teutonic Kingdom"; Deutsches Reich) developed out of the eastern half of the former Carolingian Empire.

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List of private equity firms

No description.

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Listing (finance)

In corporate finance, a listing refers to the company's shares being on the list (or board) of stock that are officially traded on a stock exchange.

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Lloyd's of London

Lloyd's of London, generally known simply as Lloyd's, is an insurance market located in London, United Kingdom.

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Loan

In finance, a loan is the lending of money by one or more individuals, organizations, and/or other entities to other individuals, organizations etc.

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London

London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.

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London bullion market

The London bullion market is a wholesale over-the-counter market for the trading of gold and silver.

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London Metal Exchange

The London Metal Exchange (LME) is the futures exchange with the world's largest market in options and futures contracts on base and other metals.

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London Review of Books

The London Review of Books (LRB) is a British journal of literary essays.

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London Stock Exchange

The London Stock Exchange (LSE) is a stock exchange located in the City of London, England.

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London Stock Exchange Group

The London Stock Exchange Group plc is a British-based stock exchange and financial information company.

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Low Countries

The Low Countries or, in the geographic sense of the term, the Netherlands (de Lage Landen or de Nederlanden, les Pays Bas) is a coastal region in northwestern Europe, consisting especially of the Netherlands and Belgium, and the low-lying delta of the Rhine, Meuse, Scheldt, and Ems rivers where much of the land is at or below sea level.

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Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (born 27 October 1945), popularly known as Lula, is a Brazilian politician and former union leader, who served as the 35th President of Brazil from 2003 to 2011.

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Malaysia

Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia.

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Maona

A maona (معونة ma‘ūnah 'help', معاونة mu‘āwanah 'mutual help') or Societas comperarum was a medieval Italian association of investors formed to manage the purchased shares (loca or partes) of the revenue due to the relevant city-state through tax farming; the shares were individually sold to wealthy merchants, but the collection could be difficult and so these merchants would band together.

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Market manipulation

Market manipulation is a deliberate attempt to interfere with the free and fair operation of the market and create artificial, false or misleading appearances with respect to the price of, or market for, a product, security, commodity or currency.

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Matt Taibbi

Matthew C. "Matt" Taibbi (born March 2, 1970) is an American author and journalist.

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Mergers and acquisitions

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are transactions in which the ownership of companies, other business organizations, or their operating units are transferred or consolidated with other entities.

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MetLife

MetLife, Inc. is the holding corporation for the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (MLIC), better known as MetLife, and its affiliates.

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Mexico City

Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Ciudad de México,; abbreviated as CDMX), is the capital of Mexico and the most populous city in North America.

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Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.

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Middle East

The Middle Easttranslit-std; translit; Orta Şərq; Central Kurdish: ڕۆژھەڵاتی ناوین, Rojhelatî Nawîn; Moyen-Orient; translit; translit; translit; Rojhilata Navîn; translit; Bariga Dhexe; Orta Doğu; translit is a transcontinental region centered on Western Asia, Turkey (both Asian and European), and Egypt (which is mostly in North Africa).

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Monetary policy of the United States

Monetary policy concerns the actions of a central bank or other regulatory authorities that determine the size and rate of growth of the money supply.

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Money market

As money became a commodity, the money market became a component of the financial markets for assets involved in short-term borrowing, lending, buying and selling with original maturities of one year or less.

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Moody's Investors Service

Moody's Investors Service, often referred to as Moody's, is the bond credit rating business of Moody's Corporation, representing the company's traditional line of business and its historical name.

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Multinational corporation

A multinational corporation (MNC) or worldwide enterprise is a corporate organization that owns or controls production of goods or services in at least one country other than its home country.

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Municipal bond

A municipal bond, commonly known as a Muni Bond, is a bond issued by a local government or territory, or one of their agencies.

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Murray Sayle

Murray William Sayle OAM (1 January 1926 – 19 September 2010) was an Australian journalist, novelist and adventurer.

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Mutual fund

A mutual fund is a professionally managed investment fund that pools money from many investors to purchase securities.

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NASDAQ

The Nasdaq Stock Market is an American stock exchange.

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Nature (journal)

Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.

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Neologism

A neologism (from Greek νέο- néo-, "new" and λόγος lógos, "speech, utterance") is a relatively recent or isolated term, word, or phrase that may be in the process of entering common use, but that has not yet been fully accepted into mainstream language.

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New Jersey

New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the Northeastern United States.

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New York City

The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.

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New York Stock Exchange

The New York Stock Exchange (abbreviated as NYSE, and nicknamed "The Big Board"), is an American stock exchange located at 11 Wall Street, Lower Manhattan, New York City, New York.

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Niche market

A niche market is the subset of the market on which a specific product is focused.

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Nylonkong

Nylonkong, a contraction of New York–London–Hong Kong, is a neologism coined to link New York City, London and Hong Kong as the eperopolis of the Americas, Euro-Africa, and Asia-Pacific that first appeared in the magazine Time in 2008.

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Offshore company

The term "offshore company" or "offshore corporation" is used in at least two distinct and different ways.

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Offshore financial centre

An offshore financial centre (OFC) is a jurisdiction specializing in providing corporate and commercial services, such as offshore banking licenses (international banking license) or the incorporation of offshore companies (international business companies).

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Option (finance)

In finance, an option is a contract which gives the buyer (the owner or holder of the option) the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset or instrument at a specified strike price on a specified date, depending on the form of the option.

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Over-the-counter (finance)

Over-the-counter (OTC) or off-exchange trading is done directly between two parties, without the supervision of an exchange.

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Paris

Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.

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Paris Bourse

The Paris Bourse (Bourse de Paris) is the historical Paris stock exchange, known as Euronext Paris from 2000 onwards.

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PBS

The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor.

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Peter Boettke

Peter Joseph Boettke (born January 3, 1960) is an American economist of the Austrian School.

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Polarity (international relations)

Polarity in international relations is any of the various ways in which power is distributed within the international system.

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Private equity

Private equity typically refers to investment funds organized as limited partnerships that are not publicly traded and whose investors are typically large institutional investors, university endowments, or wealthy individuals.

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Professional services

Professional services are occupations in the tertiary sector of the economy requiring special training in the arts or sciences.

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Public company

A public company, publicly traded company, publicly held company, publicly listed company, or public corporation is a corporation whose ownership is dispersed among the general public in many shares of stock which are freely traded on a stock exchange or in over the counter markets.

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Pudong

Pudong is a district of Shanghai located east of the Huangpu River across from the historic city center of Shanghai in Puxi.

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Qatar

Qatar (or; قطر; local vernacular pronunciation), officially the State of Qatar (دولة قطر), is a sovereign country located in Western Asia, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula.

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Reinsurance

Reinsurance is insurance that is purchased by an insurance company.

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Renaissance

The Renaissance is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries.

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Renminbi

The renminbi (Ab.: RMB;; sign: 元; code: CNY) is the official currency of the People's Republic of China.

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Republic of Genoa

The Republic of Genoa (Repúbrica de Zêna,; Res Publica Ianuensis; Repubblica di Genova) was an independent state from 1005 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast, incorporating Corsica from 1347 to 1768, and numerous other territories throughout the Mediterranean.

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Republic of Venice

The Republic of Venice (Repubblica di Venezia, later: Repubblica Veneta; Repùblica de Venèsia, later: Repùblica Vèneta), traditionally known as La Serenissima (Most Serene Republic of Venice) (Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia; Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta), was a sovereign state and maritime republic in northeastern Italy, which existed for a millennium between the 8th century and the 18th century.

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Reuven Brenner

Reuven Brenner (born 1947) is a Romanian-born Israeli-Canadian economics professor, holding the REPAP Chair of Economics at McGill University's Desautels Faculty of Management.

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Richard Sylla

Richard Eugene Sylla is Henry Kaufman Professor of the History of Financial Institutions and Markets and a professor of economics, entrepreneurship, and innovation at New York University Stern School of Business.

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Robert J. Shiller

Robert James Shiller (born March 29, 1946) is an American Nobel Laureate, economist, academic, and best-selling author.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula.

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São Paulo

São Paulo is a municipality in the southeast region of Brazil.

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Secondary market

The secondary market, also called the aftermarket and follow on public offering is the financial market in which previously issued financial instruments such as stock, bonds, options, and futures are bought and sold.

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Securities market

Securities market is a component of the wider financial market where securities can be bought and sold between subjects of the economy, on the basis of demand and supply.

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Securitization

Securitization is the financial practice of pooling various types of contractual debt such as residential mortgages, commercial mortgages, auto loans or credit card debt obligations (or other non-debt assets which generate receivables) and selling their related cash flows to third party investors as securities, which may be described as bonds, pass-through securities, or collateralized debt obligations (CDOs).

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Security (finance)

A security is a tradable financial asset.

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Shanghai

Shanghai (Wu Chinese) is one of the four direct-controlled municipalities of China and the most populous city proper in the world, with a population of more than 24 million.

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Share (finance)

In financial markets, a share is a unit used as mutual funds, limited partnerships, and real estate investment trusts.

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Shenzhen

Shenzhen is a major city in Guangdong Province, China.

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Short (finance)

In finance, a short sale (also known as a short, shorting, or going short) is the sale of an asset (securities or other financial instrument) that the seller does not own.

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Silicon Docks

Silicon Docks is a nickname for the area in Dublin, Ireland around Grand Canal Dock, stretching to the IFSC, city centre east, and city centre south near the Grand Canal.

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Singapore

Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign city-state and island country in Southeast Asia.

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Single Supervisory Mechanism

The Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) is the name for the mechanism that grants the European Central Bank (ECB) a supervisory role to monitor the financial stability of banks based in participating nation states.

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South Korea

South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (대한민국; Hanja: 大韓民國; Daehan Minguk,; lit. "The Great Country of the Han People"), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and lying east to the Asian mainland.

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Special administrative regions of China

The special administrative regions (SAR) are one type of provincial-level administrative divisions of China directly under Central People's Government, which enjoys the highest degree of autonomy, and no or less interference by either Central Government or the Communist Party of China.

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Speculation

Speculation is the purchase of an asset (a commodity, goods, or real estate) with the hope that it will become more valuable at a future date.

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Standard & Poor's

Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC (S&P) is an American financial services company.

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State bank

A state bank is generally a financial institution that is chartered by a state.

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Stock

The stock (also capital stock) of a corporation is constituted of the equity stock of its owners.

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Stock exchange

A stock exchange, securities exchange or bourse, is a facility where stock brokers and traders can buy and sell securities, such as shares of stock and bonds and other financial instruments.

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Stock market

A stock market, equity market or share market is the aggregation of buyers and sellers (a loose network of economic transactions, not a physical facility or discrete entity) of stocks (also called shares), which represent ownership claims on businesses; these may include securities listed on a public stock exchange as well as those only traded privately.

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Stock trader

A stock trader or equity trader or share trader is a person or company involved in trading equity securities.

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SunTrust Banks

SunTrust Banks, Inc., is an American bank holding company.

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Sveriges Riksbank

Sveriges Riksbank, or simply Riksbanken, is the central bank of Sweden.

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Sydney

Sydney is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania.

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Tax haven

A tax haven is defined as a jurisdiction with very low "effective" rates of taxation ("headline" rates may be higher).

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The Great Game (Gordon book)

The Great Game: The Emergence of Wall Street as a World Power: 1653–2000 is a non-fiction book on business history by John Steele Gordon.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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TIAA

TIAA, formerly TIAA-CREF (Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association-College Retirement Equities Fund), is a Fortune 100 financial services organization that is the leading provider of financial services in the academic, research, medical, cultural and governmental fields.

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Timothy Brook

Timothy James Brook (Chinese name: 卜正民; born January 6, 1951) is a Canadian historian, sinologist, and writer specializing in the study of China (sinology).

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Tokyo

, officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and has been the capital since 1869.

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Toronto

Toronto is the capital city of the province of Ontario and the largest city in Canada by population, with 2,731,571 residents in 2016.

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Toronto Stock Exchange

No description.

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U.S. state

A state is a constituent political entity of the United States.

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United Arab Emirates

The United Arab Emirates (UAE; دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة), sometimes simply called the Emirates (الإمارات), is a federal absolute monarchy sovereign state in Western Asia at the southeast end of the Arabian Peninsula on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the south, as well as sharing maritime borders with Qatar to the west and Iran to the north.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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Valley Forge, Pennsylvania

The Village of Valley Forge is an unincorporated settlement located on the west side of Valley Forge National Historical Park at the confluence of Valley Creek and the Schuylkill River in Pennsylvania, United States.

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Venice

Venice (Venezia,; Venesia) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region.

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Vermeer's Hat

Vermeer's Hat: The Seventeenth Century and the Dawn of the Global World is a book by the historian Professor Timothy Brook in which he explores the roots of world trade in the 17th century, through six paintings by the Dutch Golden Age painter Johannes Vermeer.

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Wall Street

Wall Street is an eight-block-long street running roughly northwest to southeast from Broadway to South Street, at the East River, in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City.

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Walter Russell Mead

Walter Russell Mead (born June 12, 1952) is an American academic.

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Wells Fargo

Wells Fargo & Company is an American multinational financial services company headquartered in San Francisco, California, with central offices throughout the country.

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World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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World-systems theory

World-systems theory (also known as world-systems analysis or the world-systems perspective)Immanuel Wallerstein, (2004), "World-systems Analysis." In World System History, ed.

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Xinhua News Agency

Xinhua News Agency (English pronunciation: J. C. Wells: Longman Pronunciation Dictionary, 3rd ed., for both British and American English) or New China News Agency is the official state-run press agency of the People's Republic of China.

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Z/Yen

Z/Yen is a commercial think-tank, consultancy and venture firm headquartered in the City of London.

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Zürich

Zürich or Zurich is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zürich.

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Redirects here:

Finance center, Finance centre, Financial Centre, Financial Centres, Financial center, Financial centres, Financial hub, Financial superpower, Global financial capital, Global financial centre, Global financial hub, International Financial Centers, International Financial Centre, International Financial Centre (finance), International financial capital, International financial center, International financial centre, International financial hub, 国际金融中心, 國際金融中心.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_centre

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