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140 relations: Adolf Hitler, Albania, Aleksinac, Armistice of Salonica, Army Group Mackensen (Serbia), Arnold von Winckler, Austria, Balkan Wars, Balkans, Barrage (artillery), Battle of Dobro Pole, Battle of Doiran (1916), Battle of Doiran (1917), Battle of Florina, Battle of Greece, Battle of Kaymakchalan, Battle of Kirk Kilisse, Battle of Kresna Gorge, Battle of Lule Burgas, Battle of Malka Nidzhe, Battle of Skra-di-Legen, Battle of the Transdanubian Hills, Belasica, Belogradchik, Berkovitsa, Bitola, Blagoevgrad, Boris III of Bulgaria, Bulgaria–Germany treaty (1915), Bulgarian Land Forces, Central Powers, Charles Keightley, Crna River (Vardar), Crown prince, Danube, Debar, Dimitar Geshov, Doiran Lake, Dupnitsa, East Thrace, Eastern Front (World War I), Edirne, Erich von Falkenhayn, Ferdinand I of Bulgaria, Field army, First Balkan War, Florina, Fourth Army (Bulgaria), Friedrich von Scholtz, Generalfeldmarschall, ..., George Milne, 1st Baron Milne, Georgi Todorov (general), German Army (Wehrmacht), Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive, Great Morava, Greece, Greece during World War I, Greek–Serbian Alliance of 1913, Hungary, Invasion of Yugoslavia, Jassy–Kishinev Offensive, Kastoria, Kırklareli, Kella, Florina, Kingdom of Bulgaria, Kingdom of Romania, Klagenfurt, Kliment Boyadzhiev, Knjaževac, Kosovo, Kosovo Offensive (1915), Kratovo, Macedonia, Louis Franchet d'Espèrey, Macedonia (region), Macedonian Front, Maurice Sarrail, Monastir Offensive, Montana, Bulgaria, Morale, Morava Offensive, Nagykanizsa–Körmend Offensive, Nazi Germany, Niš, Nikola Zhekov, Old Serbia, Old Style and New Style dates, Operation Spring Awakening, Orșova, Otto von Below, Pirot, Prilep, Pristina, Prizren, Pszczyna, Red Army, Romania, Romania during World War I, Second Army (Bulgaria), Second Army (Serbia), Serbia, Serbian Campaign of World War I, Siege of Vidin (1913), Sitnica, Skopje, Sofia, Southern Dobruja, Soviet Union, Stefan Nerezov, Struga, Struma (river), Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia, Thessaloniki, Third Army (Bulgaria), Third Army (Serbia), Timok, Tran, Bulgaria, Treaty of Bucharest (1913), Treaty of Craiova, Triple Entente, Tsar, United Kingdom, Vardar, Vardar Offensive, Vasil Kutinchev, Vegoritida, Vevi, Vidin, Vienna Offensive, Vladimir Stoychev, Vladimir Vazov, Voras Mountains, Western Front (World War I), Western Thrace, World War I, World War II, Yugoslav Partisans, Yugoslavia, Zaječar, 101st Infantry Division (German Empire), 11th Army (German Empire). Expand index (90 more) »
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was a German politician, demagogue, and revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP), Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945.
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Albania
Albania (Shqipëri/Shqipëria; Shqipni/Shqipnia or Shqypni/Shqypnia), officially the Republic of Albania (Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe.
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Aleksinac
Aleksinac (Алексинац) is a town and municipality located in the Nišava District of the southern Serbia.
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Armistice of Salonica
The Armistice of Salonica (also known as the Armistice of Thessalonica) was signed on 29 September 1918 between Bulgaria and the Allied Powers in Thessaloniki.
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Army Group Mackensen (Serbia)
The Army Group Mackensen (German: Heeresgruppe Mackensen) which operated in Serbia between 18 September 1915 and 11 October 1916 during World War I under the command of Field Marshal Mackensen, was an Army Group of the German Army.
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Arnold von Winckler
Arnold von Winckler (Neisse, 17 February 1856 – Bad Freienwalde, 24 July 1945) was a Prussian military officer, and a general in World War I. He was the son of Lieutenant General Ewald Fedor von Winckler (1813–1895) and joined the Prussian army at the age of 17.
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Austria
Austria (Österreich), officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich), is a federal republic and a landlocked country of over 8.8 million people in Central Europe.
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Balkan Wars
The Balkan Wars (Balkan Savaşları, literally "the Balkan Wars" or Balkan Faciası, meaning "the Balkan Tragedy") consisted of two conflicts that took place in the Balkan Peninsula in 1912 and 1913.
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Balkans
The Balkans, or the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographic area in southeastern Europe with various and disputed definitions.
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Barrage (artillery)
A barrage is massed artillery fire aimed at points, typically apart, along one or more lines that can be from a few hundred to several thousand yards long.
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Battle of Dobro Pole
The Battle of Dobro Pole (Битка код Доброг Поља, Bitka Kod Dobrog Polja, Μάχη του Ντόμπρο Πόλε, Máchi tou Dómbro Póle), also known as the Breakthrough at Dobro Pole (Пробив при Добро Поле, Probiv Pri Dobro Pole), was a World War I battle, fought between 15 and 18 September 1918.
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Battle of Doiran (1916)
In the beginning of August 1916 three French and one British divisions with 45,000 men and 400 guns launched an offensive against the Bulgarian positions at Lake Dojran, defended by the Second Thracian Infantry Division.
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Battle of Doiran (1917)
The Battle of Doiran was a 1917 battle between the United Kingdom and Bulgaria during World War I.
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Battle of Florina
The Battle of Lerin or Battle of Florina or Chegan offensive was an offensive operation of the Bulgarian army during the First World War between 17–28 August 1916 in which they conquered the city of Florina (in present-day Greece but in Bulgaria known as Lerin), but failed to take Chegan.
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Battle of Greece
The Battle of Greece (also known as Operation Marita, Unternehmen Marita) is the common name for the invasion of Allied Greece by Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany in April 1941 during World War II.
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Battle of Kaymakchalan
The Battle of Kaymakchalan was a battle that was fought between Serbian and Bulgarian troops on the Macedonian Front during World War I. The battle was fought between 12 and 30 September 1916, when the Serbian army managed to capture the peak of Prophet Ilia while pushing the Bulgarians towards the town of Mariovo, where the latter formed new defensive lines.
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Battle of Kirk Kilisse
The Battle of Kirk Kilisse or Battle of Kirkkilise or Battle of Lozengrad was part of the First Balkan War between the armies of Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire.
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Battle of Kresna Gorge
The Battle of Kresna Gorge was fought in 1913 between the Greeks and the Bulgarians during the Second Balkan War.
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Battle of Lule Burgas
The Battle of Lule Burgas (Lüleburgaz Muharebesi) or Battle of Luleburgas – Bunarhisar (Битка при Люлебургас – Бунархисар, Lüleburgaz – Pınarhisar Muharebesi) was a battle between the Kingdom of Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire.
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Battle of Malka Nidzhe
The Battle of Malka Nidzhe (Боят на Малка Нидже) also known as the Battle of Gornichevo was the opening battle of the Monastir Offensive.
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Battle of Skra-di-Legen
The Battle of Skra di Legen (Skora di Legen) was a two-day battle which took place at the Skra fortified position, located northeast of Mount Paiko, which is north-west of Thessaloniki, on May 29–30, 1918, on the Macedonian front of World War I. The battle was the first large-scale employment of Greek troops of the newly established Army of National Defence on the front, and resulted in the capture of the heavily fortified Bulgarian position.
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Battle of the Transdanubian Hills
The Battle of the Transdanubian Hills (also known in Bulgaria as the "Drava Operation") was a defensive operation of the Bulgarian First Army during Bulgaria's participation in World War II against German Wehrmacht forces, who were trying to capture the north bank of the Drava river as part of Operation Spring Awakening.
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Belasica
Belasica (Macedonian and Bulgarian:, also translit. Belasitsa or Belasitza, Ottoman Turkish: بلش Turkish: Beleş), Belles (Μπέλλες, Bélles) or Kerkini (Κερκίνη, Kerkíni), is a mountain range in the region of Macedonia in Southeastern Europe, shared by northwestern Greece (about 45%), southeastern Republic of Macedonia (35%) and southwestern Bulgaria (20%).
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Belogradchik
Belogradchik (Белоградчик) is a town in Vidin Province, Northwestern Bulgaria, the administrative centre of the homonymous Belogradchik Municipality.
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Berkovitsa
Berkovitsa (Берковица) is a town and ski resort in northwestern Bulgaria.
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Bitola
Bitola (Битола known also by several alternative names) is a city in the southwestern part of the Republic of Macedonia.
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Blagoevgrad
Blagoevgrad (Bulgarian: Благо̀евград) is а city in southwestern Bulgaria, the administrative centre of Blagoevgrad Municipality and of Blagoevgrad Province, with a population of 70,881 inhabitants.
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Boris III of Bulgaria
Boris III (Борѝс III; 28 August 1943), originally Boris Klemens Robert Maria Pius Ludwig Stanislaus Xaver (Boris Clement Robert Mary Pius Louis Stanislaus Xavier), was Tsar of Bulgaria from 1918 until his death.
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Bulgaria–Germany treaty (1915)
The Treaty for friendship and alliance between Bulgaria and Germany was a military treaty signed on 6 September 1915 in Sofia between the Kingdom of Bulgaria and the German Empire.
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Bulgarian Land Forces
The Bulgarian Land Forces (Сухопътни войски на България) are the ground warfare branch of the Bulgarian Armed Forces.
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Central Powers
The Central Powers (Mittelmächte; Központi hatalmak; İttifak Devletleri / Bağlaşma Devletleri; translit), consisting of Germany,, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria – hence also known as the Quadruple Alliance (Vierbund) – was one of the two main factions during World War I (1914–18).
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Charles Keightley
General Sir Charles Frederic Keightley, (24 June 1901 – 17 June 1974) was a British Army officer during and following the Second World War.
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Crna River (Vardar)
Crna River (Црна Река, Crna Reka) is a river in the Republic of Macedonia.
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Crown prince
A crown prince is the male heir apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy.
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Danube
The Danube or Donau (known by various names in other languages) is Europe's second longest river, after the Volga.
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Debar
Debar (Дебaр; in Albanian; Dibër/Dibra or Dibra e Madhe) is a city in the western part of the Republic of Macedonia, near the border with Albania, off the road from Struga to Gostivar.
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Dimitar Geshov
Geshov Dimitar Ivanov (Димитър Иванов Гешов) (Svishtov, September 14, 1860 – Sofia, January 8, 1922) was a Bulgarian officer.
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Doiran Lake
Doiran Lake (Dojransko Ezero;, Límni Doïráni), also spelled Dojran Lake is a lake with an area of shared between the Republic of Macedonia and Greece.
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Dupnitsa
Dupnitsa (publisher) is a town in western Bulgaria.
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East Thrace
East Thrace, or Eastern Thrace (Doğu Trakya or simply Trakya; Ανατολική Θράκη, Anatoliki Thraki; Източна Тракия, Iztochna Trakiya), also known as Turkish Thrace or European Turkey, is the part of the modern Republic of Turkey that is geographically part of Southeast Europe.
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Eastern Front (World War I)
The Eastern Front or Eastern Theater of World War I (Восточный фронт, Vostochnıy front, sometimes called the Second Fatherland War or Second Patriotic War (Вторая Отечественная война, Vtoraya Otechestvennaya voyna) in Russian sources) was a theatre of operations that encompassed at its greatest extent the entire frontier between the Russian Empire and Romania on one side and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire and the German Empire on the other. It stretched from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south, included most of Eastern Europe and stretched deep into Central Europe as well. The term contrasts with "Western Front", which was being fought in Belgium and France. During 1910, Russian General Yuri Danilov developed "Plan 19" under which four armies would invade East Prussia. This plan was criticised as Austria-Hungary could be a greater threat than the German Empire. So instead of four armies invading East Prussia, the Russians planned to send two armies to East Prussia, and two Armies to defend against Austro-Hungarian forces invading from Galicia. In the opening months of the war, the Imperial Russian Army attempted an invasion of eastern Prussia in the northwestern theater, only to be beaten back by the Germans after some initial success. At the same time, in the south, they successfully invaded Galicia, defeating the Austro-Hungarian forces there. In Russian Poland, the Germans failed to take Warsaw. But by 1915, the German and Austro-Hungarian armies were on the advance, dealing the Russians heavy casualties in Galicia and in Poland, forcing it to retreat. Grand Duke Nicholas was sacked from his position as the commander-in-chief and replaced by the Tsar himself. Several offensives against the Germans in 1916 failed, including Lake Naroch Offensive and the Baranovichi Offensive. However, General Aleksei Brusilov oversaw a highly successful operation against Austria-Hungary that became known as the Brusilov Offensive, which saw the Russian Army make large gains. The Kingdom of Romania entered the war in August 1916. The Entente promised the region of Transylvania (which was part of Austria-Hungary) in return for Romanian support. The Romanian Army invaded Transylvania and had initial successes, but was forced to stop and was pushed back by the Germans and Austro-Hungarians when Bulgaria attacked them in the south. Meanwhile, a revolution occurred in Russia in February 1917 (one of the several causes being the hardships of the war). Tsar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate and a Russian Provisional Government was founded, with Georgy Lvov as its first leader, who was eventually replaced by Alexander Kerensky. The newly formed Russian Republic continued to fight the war alongside Romania and the rest of the Entente until it was overthrown by the Bolsheviks in October 1917. Kerensky oversaw the July Offensive, which was largely a failure and caused a collapse in the Russian Army. The new government established by the Bolsheviks signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Central Powers, taking it out of the war and making large territorial concessions. Romania was also forced to surrender and signed a similar treaty, though both of the treaties were nullified with the surrender of the Central Powers in November 1918.
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Edirne
Edirne, historically known as Adrianople (Hadrianopolis in Latin or Adrianoupolis in Greek, founded by the Roman emperor Hadrian on the site of a previous Thracian settlement named Uskudama), is a city in the northwestern Turkish province of Edirne in the region of East Thrace, close to Turkey's borders with Greece and Bulgaria.
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Erich von Falkenhayn
General Erich Georg Anton von Falkenhayn (11 September 1861 – 8 April 1922) was the Chief of the German General Staff during the First World War from September 1914 until 29 August 1916.
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Ferdinand I of Bulgaria
Ferdinand I (Фердинанд I; 26 February 1861 – 10 September 1948),Louda, 1981, ''Lines of Succession'', Table 149 born Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Leopold Maria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, was the second monarch of the Third Bulgarian State, firstly as knyaz (ruling prince) from 1887 to 1908, and later as tsar (emperor) from 1908 until his abdication in 1918.
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Field army
A field army (or numbered army or simply army) is a military formation in many armed forces, composed of two or more corps and may be subordinate to an army group.
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First Balkan War
The First Balkan War (Балканска война; Αʹ Βαλκανικός πόλεμος; Први балкански рат, Prvi Balkanski rat; Birinci Balkan Savaşı), lasted from October 1912 to May 1913 and comprised actions of the Balkan League (the kingdoms of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Montenegro) against the Ottoman Empire.
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Florina
Florina (Φλώρινα, known also by some alternative names) is a town and municipality in the mountainous northwestern Macedonia, Greece.
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Fourth Army (Bulgaria)
The Bulgarian Fourth Army was a Bulgarian field army during the Balkan Wars, World War I, and World War II.
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Friedrich von Scholtz
Friedrich von Scholtz (born 24 March 1851 in Flensburg – died 30 April 1927 in Ballenstedt) was a German general, who served as commander of 20th Corps and the 8th Army of the German Empire on the Eastern Front in the First World War and later as commander of Army Group Scholtz on the Macedonian Front.
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Generalfeldmarschall
Generalfeldmarschall (general field marshal, field marshal general, or field marshal;; abbreviated to Feldmarschall) was a rank in the armies of several German states and the Holy Roman Empire; in the Habsburg Monarchy, the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary, the rank Feldmarschall was used.
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George Milne, 1st Baron Milne
Field Marshal George Francis Milne, 1st Baron Milne, (5 November 1866 – 23 March 1948) was a senior British Army officer who served as Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS) from 1926 to 1933.
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Georgi Todorov (general)
Georgi Stoyanov Todorov (Георги Тодоров) (born on 10 August 1858 in Bolgrad (contemporary Ukraine); died on 16 November 1934 in Sofia) was a Bulgarian general who fought in the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), Serbo-Bulgarian War (1885), Balkan Wars (1912–1913) and First World War (1914–1918).
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German Army (Wehrmacht)
The German Army (Heer) was the land forces component of the Wehrmacht, the regular German Armed Forces, from 1935 until it was demobilized and later dissolved in August 1946.
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Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive
The Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive during World War I was initially conceived as a minor German offensive to relieve Russian pressure on the Austro-Hungarians to their south on the Eastern Front, but resulted in the Central Powers' chief offensive effort of 1915, causing the total collapse of the Russian lines and their retreat far into Russia.
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Great Morava
The Great Morava (Велика Морава/Velika Morava) is the final section of the Morava (Serbian Cyrillic: Морава), a major river system in Serbia.
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Greece
No description.
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Greece during World War I
At the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, the Kingdom of Greece remained a neutral nation.
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Greek–Serbian Alliance of 1913
The Greek–Serbian Alliance of 1913 was signed at Thessaloniki on 1 June 1913, in the aftermath of the First Balkan War, when both countries wanted to preserve their gains in Macedonia from Bulgarian expansionism.
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Hungary
Hungary (Magyarország) is a country in Central Europe that covers an area of in the Carpathian Basin, bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Austria to the northwest, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest, and Slovenia to the west.
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Invasion of Yugoslavia
The invasion of Yugoslavia, also known as the April War or Operation 25, was a German-led attack on the Kingdom of Yugoslavia by the Axis powers which began on 6 April 1941 during World War II.
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Jassy–Kishinev Offensive
The Jassy–Kishinev Operation, named after the two major cities, Iași and Chișinău, in the staging area, was a Soviet offensive against Axis forces, which took place in Eastern Romania from 20 to 29 August 1944 during World War II.
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Kastoria
Kastoria (Καστοριά, Kastoriá) is a city in northern Greece in the region of West Macedonia.
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Kırklareli
Kırklareli is a city on the European part of Turkey.
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Kella, Florina
Kella (Κέλλα, also Κέλλη - Kelli, Bulgarian/Macedonian Slavic: Горничево, Gorničevo or Gornichevo) is a village in the Amyntaio municipality of the Florina regional unit, Greece.
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Kingdom of Bulgaria
The Kingdom of Bulgaria (Царство България, Tsarstvo Bǎlgariya), also referred to as the Tsardom of Bulgaria and the Third Bulgarian Tsardom, was a constitutional monarchy in Eastern and Southeastern Europe, which was established on 5 October (O.S. 22 September) 1908 when the Bulgarian state was raised from a principality to a kingdom.
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Kingdom of Romania
The Kingdom of Romania (Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy in Southeastern Europe which existed from 1881, when prince Carol I of Romania was proclaimed King, until 1947, when King Michael I of Romania abdicated and the Parliament proclaimed Romania a republic.
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Klagenfurt
Klagenfurt am WörtherseeLandesgesetzblatt 2008 vom 16.
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Kliment Boyadzhiev
Kliment Boyadzhiev (Климент Бояджиев; 15 April 1861 – 15 July 1933) was a Bulgarian general during the Balkan Wars and First World War.
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Knjaževac
Knjaževac (Књажевац) is a town and municipality located in the Zaječar District of the eastern Serbia.
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Kosovo
Kosovo (Kosova or Kosovë; Косово) is a partially recognised state and disputed territory in Southeastern Europe that declared independence from Serbia in February 2008 as the Republic of Kosovo (Republika e Kosovës; Република Косово / Republika Kosovo).
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Kosovo Offensive (1915)
The Kosovo Offensive Operation (Косовска настъпателна операция; Косовска битка), the third major battle in history to have been fought there, was a battle occurred between 10 November 1915 and 4 December 1915.
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Kratovo, Macedonia
Kratovo (Кратово) is a small town in Macedonia.
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Louis Franchet d'Espèrey
Louis Félix Marie François Franchet d'Espèrey (25 May 1856 – 8 July 1942) was a French general during World War I. As commander of the large Allied army based at Salonika, he conducted the successful Macedonian campaign, which caused the collapse of the Southern Front and contributed to the armistice.
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Macedonia (region)
Macedonia is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan peninsula in southeastern Europe.
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Macedonian Front
The Macedonian Front, also known as the Salonica Front (after Thessaloniki), was a military theatre of World War I formed as a result of an attempt by the Allied Powers to aid Serbia, in the fall of 1915, against the combined attack of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria.
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Maurice Sarrail
Maurice-Paul-Emmanuel Sarrail (6 April 1856 – 23 March 1929) was a French general of the First World War.
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Monastir Offensive
Monastir Offensive was an Allied military operation against the forces of the Central Powers during World War I, intended to break the deadlock on the Macedonian Front by forcing the capitulation of Bulgaria and relieving the pressure on Romania.
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Montana, Bulgaria
Montana (Монтана) is a city in northwestern Bulgaria, located south of the Danube river, northwest of Vratsa and east of the Serbian border.
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Morale
Morale, also known as esprit de corps, is the capacity of a group's members to maintain belief in an institution or goal, particularly in the face of opposition or hardship.
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Morava Offensive
The Morava Offensive Operation in Serbian (Моравска настъпателна операция), (Битка на Морави) was undertaken by the Bulgarian First Army between 14 October 1915 and 9 November 1915 as part of the strategic offensive operation of Army Group Mackensen against Serbia in 1915.
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Nagykanizsa–Körmend Offensive
The Nagykanizsa–Körmend Offensive carried out between 26 March and 15 April 1945 was part of the 3rd Ukrainian Front's Vienna Offensive during World War II against the Army Group South (including Hungarian and Croatian) forces defending the Kisbajom-Nagykorpád-Nagyatád-Heresznye defensive line north of the Drava river and west of Lake Balaton.
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Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).
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Niš
Niš (Ниш) is the third-largest city in Serbia and the administrative center of the Nišava District.
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Nikola Zhekov
Nikola Todorov Zhekov (Никола Тодоров Жеков; 6 January 1864 – 1 November 1949) was the Minister of War of Bulgaria in 1915 and served as commander-in-chief from 1915 to 1918 during World War I.
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Old Serbia
Old Serbia (translit) is a term used for the territory which was the core of medieval Serbia.
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Old Style and New Style dates
Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are terms sometimes used with dates to indicate that the calendar convention used at the time described is different from that in use at the time the document was being written.
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Operation Spring Awakening
Operation Spring Awakening (Unternehmen Frühlingserwachen) (6 – 16 March 1945) was the last major German offensive of World War II.
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Orșova
Orșova (Orschowa, Orsova, Оршава/Oršava, Орсово, Orszawa, Oršava, Adakale) is a port city on the Danube river in southwestern Romania's Mehedinți County.
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Otto von Below
Otto Ernst Vincent Leo von Below (18 January 1857 – 15 March 1944) was a Prussian general officer in the Imperial German Army during the First World War.
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Pirot
Pirot (Пирот) is a city and the administrative center of the Pirot District in southeastern Serbia.
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Prilep
Prilep (Прилеп, is the fourth largest city in the Republic of Macedonia. It has a population of 66,246 and is known as "the city under Marko's Towers" because of its proximity to the towers of Prince Marko.
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Pristina
Pristina (Prishtina or Prishtinë) or Priština (Приштина), is the capital and largest city of Kosovo.
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Prizren
Prizren (Prizreni; Призрен) is a city and municipality located in the Prizren District of Kosovo.
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Pszczyna
Pszczyna (English: Pless, Pleß) is a town in southern Poland with 25,415 inhabitants (2010) within the immediate gmina.
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Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Рабоче-крестьянская Красная армия (РККА), Raboche-krest'yanskaya Krasnaya armiya (RKKA), frequently shortened in Russian to Красная aрмия (КА), Krasnaya armiya (KA), in English: Red Army, also in critical literature and folklore of that epoch – Red Horde, Army of Work) was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
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Romania
Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.
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Romania during World War I
The Kingdom of Romania was neutral for the first two years of World War I, entering on the side of the Allied powers from 27 August 1916 until Central Power occupation led to the Treaty of Bucharest in May 1918, before reentering the war on 10 November 1918. It had the only oil fields in Europe, and Germany eagerly bought its petroleum, as well as food exports. King Carol favored Germany but after his death in 1914, King Ferdinand and the nation's political elite favored the Entente. For Romania, the highest priority was taking Transylvania from Hungary, with its 3,000,000 Romanians. The Allies wanted Romania to join its side in order to cut the rail communications between Germany and Turkey, and to cut off Germany's oil supplies. Britain made loans, France sent a military training mission, and Russia promised modern munitions. The Allies promised at least 200,000 soldiers to defend Romania against Bulgaria to the south, and help it invade Austria. The Romanian campaign was part of the Balkan theatre of World War I, with Romania and Russia allied with Britain and France against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria, and Turkey. Fighting took place from August 1916 to December 1917 across most of present-day Romania, including Transylvania, which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the time, as well as in southern Dobruja, which is currently part of Bulgaria. Despite initial successes, the Romanian forces (aided by Russia) suffered massive setbacks, and by the end of 1916 only Moldavia remained. After several defensive victories in 1917, with Russia's withdrawal from the war following the October Revolution, Romania, almost completely surrounded by the Central Powers, was also forced to drop out of the war; it signed the Treaty of Bucharest with the Central Powers in May 1918. On 10 November 1918, just one day before the German armistice and after all the other Central Powers had already capitulated, Romania re-entered the war after the successful Allied advances on the Macedonian Front.
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Second Army (Bulgaria)
The Bulgarian Second Army was a Bulgarian field army during the Balkan Wars, World War I, and World War II.
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Second Army (Serbia)
The Serbian Second Army (Српска Друга Армија / Srpska Druga Armija) was a Serbian field army that fought during the Balkan Wars and World War I. During the First Balkan War, the Second Army participated in the Battle of Kumanovo (23 - October 24, 1912) along with the Serbian First Army and the Serbian Third Army and was deployed in the area around Kyustendil.
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Serbia
Serbia (Србија / Srbija),Pannonian Rusyn: Сербия; Szerbia; Albanian and Romanian: Serbia; Slovak and Czech: Srbsko,; Сърбия.
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Serbian Campaign of World War I
The Serbian Campaign of World War I was fought from late July 1914, when Austria-Hungary invaded the Kingdom of Serbia at the outset of World War I, until the war's conclusion in November 1918.
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Siege of Vidin (1913)
The Siege of Vidin refers to an attempt by the Serbian Army to seize the Bulgarian city of Vidin during the Second Balkan War.
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Sitnica
The Sitnica (Serbian Cyrillic: Ситница, Sitnicë) is a river in Kosovo.
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Skopje
Skopje (Скопје) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Macedonia.
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Sofia
Sofia (Со́фия, tr.) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria.
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Southern Dobruja
Southern Dobruja (Bulgarian: Южна Добруджа, Yuzhna Dobrudzha or simply Добруджа, Dobrudzha) is an area of north-eastern Bulgaria comprising the administrative districts named for its two principal cities of Dobrich and Silistra.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Stefan Nerezov
Stefan Mikhailov Nerezov (Стефан Михайлов Нерезов) (born 12 November 1867 in Sevlievo, died 16 April 1925 in Sofia) was a Bulgarian General and Chief of the Bulgarian Army Staff.
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Struga
Struga (Струга, Albanian: Struga/Strugë) is a town and popular tourist destination situated in the south-western region of the Republic of Macedonia, lying on the shore of Lake Ohrid.
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Struma (river)
The Struma or Strymónas (Струма; Στρυμόνας; (Struma) Karasu, 'black water') is a river in Bulgaria and Greece.
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Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia
The Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia (Gebiet des Militärbefehlshabers in Serbien) was the area of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia that was placed under a military government of occupation by the Wehrmacht following the invasion, occupation and dismantling of Yugoslavia in April 1941.
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Thessaloniki
Thessaloniki (Θεσσαλονίκη, Thessaloníki), also familiarly known as Thessalonica, Salonica, or Salonika is the second-largest city in Greece, with over 1 million inhabitants in its metropolitan area, and the capital of Greek Macedonia, the administrative region of Central Macedonia and the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace.
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Third Army (Bulgaria)
The Bulgarian Third Army was a Bulgarian field army during the Balkan Wars, World War I, and World War II.
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Third Army (Serbia)
The Third Army (Трећа армија/Treća armija) was a field army of the Army of the Kingdom of Serbia that fought during the Balkan Wars and World War I.
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Timok
The Timok (Bulgarian and Serbian Cyrillic: Тимок, Timoc), sometimes also known as Great Timok (Serbian: Veliki Timok/Велики Тимок), is a river in eastern Serbia, a right tributary of the Danube.
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Tran, Bulgaria
Tran (Трън, meaning "thorn") is a small town in Tran Municipality, Pernik Province, western Bulgaria.
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Treaty of Bucharest (1913)
The Treaty of Bucharest (Tratatul de la Bucureşti; Bukureštanski mir/ Букурештански мир; Договорът от Букурещ; Συνθήκη του Βουκουρεστίου) was concluded on 10 August 1913, by the delegates of Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro and Greece.
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Treaty of Craiova
The Treaty of Craiova was signed on 7 September 1940 between the Kingdom of Bulgaria and the Kingdom of Romania.
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Triple Entente
The Triple Entente (from French entente "friendship, understanding, agreement") refers to the understanding linking the Russian Empire, the French Third Republic, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente on 31 August 1907.
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Tsar
Tsar (Old Bulgarian / Old Church Slavonic: ц︢рь or цар, цaрь), also spelled csar, or czar, is a title used to designate East and South Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers of Eastern Europe.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.
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Vardar
The Vardar (Вардар) or Axios is the longest and major river in the Republic of Macedonia and also a major river of Greece.
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Vardar Offensive
The Vardar Offensive (Офанзива при Вардар) was a World War I military operation, fought between 15 and 29 September 1918.
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Vasil Kutinchev
Vasil Ivanov Kutinchev (Васил Иванов Кутинчев) (born February 25, 1859 in Rusçuk, died March 30, 1941) was a Bulgarian officer.
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Vegoritida
Vegoritida (Βεγορίτιδα) is a former municipality in the Pella regional unit, Greece.
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Vevi
Vevi (Βεύη, before 1926: Μπάνιτσα - Banitsa, Macedonian Slavic and Баница, Banica or Banitsa) is a village located in the municipal unit of Meliti in Florina regional unit, Macedonia, Greece.
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Vidin
Vidin (Видин) is a port town on the southern bank of the Danube in north-western Bulgaria.
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Vienna Offensive
The Vienna Offensive was launched by the Soviet 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian Fronts in order to capture Vienna, Austria during World War II.
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Vladimir Stoychev
Vladimir Dimitrov Stoychev (Владимир Димитров Стойчев, 24 march 1892 – 27 April 1990) was a Bulgarian Colonel General, diplomat and Olympic equestrian.
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Vladimir Vazov
Vladimir Minchev Vazov (Владимир Минчев Вазов) (14 May 1868 – 20 May 1945) was a Bulgarian officer.
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Voras Mountains
The Voras Mountains (Όρος Βόρας; also Boras), also known as Nidže (Ниџе, Nice Dağı) are a mountain range situated on the border between Greece and the Republic of Macedonia.
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Western Front (World War I)
The Western Front was the main theatre of war during the First World War.
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Western Thrace
Western Thrace (Θράκη, Thráki; Batı Trakya; Западна Тракия, Zapadna Trakiya or Беломорска Тракия, Belomorska Trakiya) is a geographic and historical region of Greece, between the Nestos and Evros rivers in the northeast of the country; Eastern Thrace, which lies east of the river Evros, forms the European part of Turkey, and the area to the north, in Bulgaria, is known as Northern Thrace.
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World War I
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
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World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
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Yugoslav Partisans
The Yugoslav Partisans,Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, Slovene: Partizani, Партизани or the National Liberation Army,Narodnooslobodilačka vojska (NOV), Народноослободилачка војска (НОВ); Народноослободителна војска (НОВ); Narodnoosvobodilna vojska (NOV) officially the National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia,Narodnooslobodilačka vojska i partizanski odredi Jugoslavije (NOV i POJ), Народноослободилачка војска и партизански одреди Југославије (НОВ и ПОЈ); Народноослободителна војска и партизански одреди на Југославија (НОВ и ПОЈ); Narodnoosvobodilna vojska in partizanski odredi Jugoslavije (NOV in POJ) was the Communist-led resistance to the Axis powers (chiefly Germany) in occupied Yugoslavia during World War II.
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Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija/Југославија; Jugoslavija; Југославија; Pannonian Rusyn: Югославия, transcr. Juhoslavija)Jugosllavia; Jugoszlávia; Juhoslávia; Iugoslavia; Jugoslávie; Iugoslavia; Yugoslavya; Югославия, transcr. Jugoslavija.
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Zaječar
Zaječar (Зајечар, Zaicear) is a city and the administrative center of the Zaječar District in eastern Serbia.
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101st Infantry Division (German Empire)
The 101st Infantry Division (101. Infanterie-Division) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed on May 3, 1915, and organized over the next few weeks.
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11th Army (German Empire)
The 11th Army (11.) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed in March 1915 in Kassel originally to serve on the Western Front but was transported to Galicia for service on the Eastern Front.
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Redirects here:
1st Army (Bulgaria), 1st Bulgarian Army, Bulgarian 1st Army, Bulgarian First Army.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Army_(Bulgaria)
