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First Battle of El Alamein

Index First Battle of El Alamein

The First Battle of El Alamein (1–27 July 1942) was a battle of the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War, fought in Egypt between Axis forces (Germany and Italy) of the Panzer Army Africa (Panzerarmee Afrika, which included the Afrika Korps) (Field Marshal (Generalfeldmarschall) Erwin Rommel) and Allied (British Imperial and Commonwealth) forces (Britain, British India, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand) of the Eighth Army (General Claude Auchinleck). [1]

108 relations: Afrika Korps, Alamein Memorial, Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke, Alexandria, Allies of World War II, Australian War Memorial, Axis powers, Battle of Alam el Halfa, Battle of Gazala, Benito Mussolini, Bernard Montgomery, British Empire, British Raj, Cairo, Charles Upham, Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom), Claude Auchinleck, Commonwealth of Nations, Desert Air Force, Egypt, Eighth Army (United Kingdom), El Alamein, Erwin Rommel, Ettore Bastico, Fouka, Egypt, General (United Kingdom), General der Panzertruppe, General officer commanding, Generalfeldmarschall, Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis, Italian XX Motorised Corps, Joseph Stalin, Libya, Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom), List of North African airfields during World War II, List of World War II battles, M3 Lee, Matilda II, Mediterranean Sea, Mersa Matruh, Middle East Command, Moscow, Nazi Germany, Neil Ritchie, North African Campaign timeline, Oberkommando der Wehrmacht, Office of Public Sector Information, Ordnance QF 25-pounder, Ordnance QF 6-pounder, Oxford University Press, ..., Panzer Army Africa, Persia and Iraq Command, Prisoner of war, Royal Air Force, Royal Artillery, Royal Navy, Royal Tank Regiment, Ruweisat Ridge, Sahara, Second Battle of El Alamein, Signals intelligence, Stan Gurney, Suez Canal, Tripoli, Union of South Africa, United States Army Air Forces, Victoria Cross, Walther Nehring, Western Desert Campaign, William Gott, William Ramsden (British Army officer), Willoughby Norrie, 1st Baron Norrie, Winston Churchill, World War II, X Corps (United Kingdom), XIII Corps (United Kingdom), XXX Corps (United Kingdom), 101st Motorised Division Trieste, 102nd Motorised Division Trento, 10th Indian Infantry Division, 132nd Armoured Division Ariete, 133rd Armoured Division Littorio, 14th Punjab Regiment, 161st Indian Infantry Brigade, 17th Infantry Division Pavia, 18th Indian Infantry Brigade, 18th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), 1st (United Kingdom) Division, 1st Infantry Division (South Africa), 2/24th Battalion (Australia), 2/32nd Battalion (Australia), 21st Panzer Division (Wehrmacht), 22nd Armoured Brigade (United Kingdom), 27th Infantry Division Brescia, 29th Indian Infantry Brigade, 2nd New Zealand Division, 33rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), 44th Royal Tank Regiment, 4th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters North East, 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division, 5th Indian Infantry Brigade, 5th Infantry Division (India), 60th Infantry Division Sabratha, 6th Infantry Brigade (New Zealand), 7th Armoured Division (United Kingdom), 90th Light Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), 9th Division (Australia), 9th Indian Infantry Brigade. Expand index (58 more) »

Afrika Korps

The Afrika Korps or German Africa Corps (Deutsches Afrikakorps, DAK) was the German expeditionary force in Africa during the North African Campaign of World War II.

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Alamein Memorial

The Alamein Memorial is a Commonwealth War Graves Commission war memorial in the El Alamein War Cemetery, El Alamein, Egypt.

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Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke

Field Marshal Alan Francis Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke, & Bar (23 July 1883 – 17 June 1963), was a senior officer of the British Army.

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Alexandria

Alexandria (or; Arabic: الإسكندرية; Egyptian Arabic: إسكندرية; Ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ; Ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ) is the second-largest city in Egypt and a major economic centre, extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country.

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Allies of World War II

The Allies of World War II, called the United Nations from the 1 January 1942 declaration, were the countries that together opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War (1939–1945).

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Australian War Memorial

The Australian War Memorial is Australia's national memorial to the members of its armed forces and supporting organisations who have died or participated in wars involving the Commonwealth of Australia.

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Axis powers

The Axis powers (Achsenmächte; Potenze dell'Asse; 枢軸国 Sūjikukoku), also known as the Axis and the Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, were the nations that fought in World War II against the Allied forces.

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Battle of Alam el Halfa

The Battle of Alam el Halfa took place between 30 August and 5 September 1942 south of El Alamein during the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War.

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Battle of Gazala

The Battle of Gazala (near the modern town of Ayn al Ghazālah) was fought during the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War, west of the port of Tobruk in Libya, from 26 May to 21 June 1942.

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Benito Mussolini

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 1883 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who was the leader of the National Fascist Party (Partito Nazionale Fascista, PNF).

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Bernard Montgomery

Field Marshal Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, (17 November 1887 – 24 March 1976), nicknamed "Monty" and "The Spartan General", was a senior British Army officer who fought in both the First World War and the Second World War.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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British Raj

The British Raj (from rāj, literally, "rule" in Hindustani) was the rule by the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947.

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Cairo

Cairo (القاهرة) is the capital of Egypt.

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Charles Upham

Charles Hazlitt Upham, (21 September 1908 – 22 November 1994) was a New Zealand soldier who earned the Victoria Cross (VC) twice during the Second World War; in Crete in May 1941, and at Ruweisat Ridge, Egypt, in July 1942.

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Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)

Chief of the General Staff (CGS) has been the title of the professional head of the British Army since 1964.

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Claude Auchinleck

Field Marshal Sir Claude John Eyre Auchinleck (21 June 1884 – 23 March 1981) was a British Army commander during the Second World War.

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Commonwealth of Nations

The Commonwealth of Nations, often known as simply the Commonwealth, is an intergovernmental organisation of 53 member states that are mostly former territories of the British Empire.

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Desert Air Force

The Desert Air Force (DAF), also known chronologically as Air Headquarters Western Desert, Air Headquarters Libya, the Western Desert Air Force, and the First Tactical Air Force (1TAF), was an Allied tactical air force created from No. 204 Group under RAF Middle East Command in North Africa in 1941 to provide close air support to the British Eighth Army.

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Egypt

Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.

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Eighth Army (United Kingdom)

The Eighth Army was a field army formation of the British Army during the Second World War, fighting in the North African and Italian campaigns.

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El Alamein

El Alamein (العلمين.,, literally "the two worlds") is a town in the northern Matrouh Governorate of Egypt.

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Erwin Rommel

Erwin Rommel (15 November 1891 – 14 October 1944) was a German general and military theorist.

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Ettore Bastico

Ettore Bastico (9 April 1876 – 2 December 1972) was an Italian military officer before and during World War II.

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Fouka, Egypt

Fouka or Fukah (Arabic: فوكة) is a locale in the Matrouh Governorate in northern Egypt.

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General (United Kingdom)

General (or full general to distinguish it from the lower general officer ranks) is the highest rank currently achievable by serving officers of the British Army.

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General der Panzertruppe

General der Panzertruppe (Literally: General of the Armoured Corps) was a General of the branch OF8-rank rank of German Army, introduced in 1935.

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General officer commanding

The General Officer Commanding (GOC) is the usual title given in the armies of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth (and some other, such as in Ireland) nations to a General Officer who holds a command appointment.

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Generalfeldmarschall

Generalfeldmarschall (general field marshal, field marshal general, or field marshal;; abbreviated to Feldmarschall) was a rank in the armies of several German states and the Holy Roman Empire; in the Habsburg Monarchy, the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary, the rank Feldmarschall was used.

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Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis

Field Marshal Harold Rupert Leofric George Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis, (10 December 1891 – 16 June 1969) was a senior British Army officer who served with distinction in both the First World War and the Second World War and, afterwards, as Governor General of Canada, the 17th since Canadian Confederation.

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Italian XX Motorised Corps

The Italian XX Motorised Corps was an armoured formation of the Italian army.

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Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet revolutionary and politician of Georgian nationality.

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Libya

Libya (ليبيا), officially the State of Libya (دولة ليبيا), is a sovereign state in the Maghreb region of North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.

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Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)

Lieutenant general (Lt Gen), formerly more commonly lieutenant-general, is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines.

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List of North African airfields during World War II

This is a partial list of British Landing Grounds (LG) In North Africa, used during World War II.

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List of World War II battles

This is a list of World War II battles.

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M3 Lee

The M3 Lee, officially Medium Tank, M3, was an American medium tank used during World War II.

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Matilda II

The Infantry Tank Mark II, best known as the Matilda, was a British infantry tank of the Second World War.

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Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa and on the east by the Levant.

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Mersa Matruh

Mersa Matruh (مرسى مطروح) is a seaport in Egypt, the capital of the Matrouh Governorate.

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Middle East Command

Middle East Command, later Middle East Land Forces, was a British Army Command established prior to the Second World War in Egypt.

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Moscow

Moscow (a) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 13.2 million residents within the city limits and 17.1 million within the urban area.

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Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).

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Neil Ritchie

General Sir Neil Methuen Ritchie, (29 July 1897 – 11 December 1983) was a British Army officer who saw service during both the world wars.

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North African Campaign timeline

Timeline of the North African Campaign.

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Oberkommando der Wehrmacht

The Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW, "High Command of the Armed Forces") was the High Command of the Wehrmacht (armed forces) of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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Office of Public Sector Information

The Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI) is the body responsible for the operation of Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO) and of other public information services of the United Kingdom.

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Ordnance QF 25-pounder

The Ordnance QF 25-pounder, or more simply 25-pounder or 25-pdr, was the major British field gun and howitzer during the Second World War, possessing a 3.45-inch (87.6 mm) calibre.

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Ordnance QF 6-pounder

The Ordnance Quick-Firing 6-pounder 7 cwt, or just 6 pounder,British forces traditionally denoted smaller ordnance by the weight of its standard projectile, in this case approximately.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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Panzer Army Africa

As the number of German armed forces committed to the North Africa Campaign of World War II grew from the initial commitment of a small corps the Germans developed a more elaborate command structure and placed the enlarged Afrika Korps, with Italian units under this new German command and a succession of commands were created to manage Axis forces in Africa.

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Persia and Iraq Command

The Persia and Iraq Command was a Command of the British Army established during the Second World War in September 1942 in Baghdad.

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Prisoner of war

A prisoner of war (POW) is a person, whether combatant or non-combatant, who is held in custody by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict.

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Royal Air Force

The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's aerial warfare force.

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Royal Artillery

The Royal Regiment of Artillery, commonly referred to as the Royal Artillery (RA) and colloquially known as "The Gunners", is the artillery arm of the British Army.

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Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force.

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Royal Tank Regiment

The Royal Tank Regiment (RTR) is the oldest tank unit in the world, being formed by the British Army in 1916 during the Great War.

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Ruweisat Ridge

Ruweisat Ridge is a geographical feature in the Western Egyptian desert, midway between the Mediterranean Sea and the Qattara Depression.

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Sahara

The Sahara (الصحراء الكبرى,, 'the Great Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic.

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Second Battle of El Alamein

The Second Battle of El Alamein (23 October – 11 November 1942) was a battle of the Second World War that took place near the Egyptian railway halt of El Alamein. With the Allies victorious, it was the watershed of the Western Desert Campaign. The First Battle of El Alamein had prevented the Axis from advancing further into Egypt. In August 1942, Lieutenant-General Sir Bernard Law Montgomery took command of the Eighth Army following the sacking of General Claude Auchinleck and the death of his replacement Lieutenant-General William Gott in an air crash. The Allied victory turned the tide in the North African Campaign and ended the Axis threat to Egypt, the Suez Canal and the Middle Eastern and Persian oil fields via North Africa. The Second Battle of El Alamein revived the morale of the Allies, being the first big success against the Axis since Operation Crusader in late 1941. The battle coincided with the Allied invasion of French North Africa in Operation Torch, which started on 8 November, the Battle of Stalingrad and the Guadalcanal Campaign.

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Signals intelligence

Signals intelligence (SIGINT) is intelligence-gathering by interception of signals, whether communications between people (communications intelligence—abbreviated to COMINT) or from electronic signals not directly used in communication (electronic intelligence—abbreviated to ELINT).

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Stan Gurney

Arthur Stanley "Stan" Gurney, VC (15 December 1908 – 22 July 1942) was an Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

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Suez Canal

thumb The Suez Canal (قناة السويس) is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez.

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Tripoli

Tripoli (طرابلس,; Berber: Oea, or Wy't) is the capital city and the largest city of Libya, with a population of about 1.1 million people in 2015.

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Union of South Africa

The Union of South Africa (Unie van Zuid-Afrika, Unie van Suid-Afrika) is the historic predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa.

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United States Army Air Forces

The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF or AAF), informally known as the Air Force, was the aerial warfare service of the United States of America during and immediately after World War II (1939/41–1945), successor to the previous United States Army Air Corps and the direct predecessor of the United States Air Force of today, one of the five uniformed military services.

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Victoria Cross

The Victoria Cross (VC) is the highest award of the British honours system.

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Walther Nehring

Walther Nehring (15 August 1892 – 20 April 1983) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded the Afrika Korps.

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Western Desert Campaign

The Western Desert Campaign (Desert War), took place in the deserts of Egypt and Libya and was the main theatre in the North African Campaign during the Second World War.

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William Gott

Lieutenant-General William Henry Ewart Gott, & Bar, MC (13 August 1897 – 7 August 1942), nicknamed "Strafer", was a senior British Army officer who fought during both World War I and World War II, reaching the rank of lieutenant-general while serving with the British Eighth Army.

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William Ramsden (British Army officer)

Major General William Havelock Chaplin Ramsden, (3 October 1888 – 16 December 1969) was a senior British Army officer, who is most notable for commanding the 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division during the Second World War.

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Willoughby Norrie, 1st Baron Norrie

Lieutenant-General Charles Willoughby Moke Norrie, 1st Baron Norrie, (26 September 1893 – 25 May 1977), was a senior officer of the British Army who fought in both World Wars, following which he served terms as Governor of South Australia and the eighth Governor-General of New Zealand.

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Winston Churchill

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British politician, army officer, and writer, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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X Corps (United Kingdom)

X Corps was a corps of the British Army that served in the First World War on the Western Front before being disbanded in 1919.

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XIII Corps (United Kingdom)

XIII Corps was a corps-sized formation of the British Army that fought on the Western Front during the First World War and was reformed for service during the Second World War, serving in the Mediterranean and Middle East throughout its service.

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XXX Corps (United Kingdom)

XXX Corps (30 Corps) was a corps of the British Army during the Second World War.

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101st Motorised Division Trieste

101st Motorised Division Trieste or 101° Divisione Trieste (Italian) was a Motorised Division of the Italian Army during World War II.

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102nd Motorised Division Trento

The 102nd Motorised Division Trento (in 102ª Divisione Fanteria Trento) was a motorised infantry division of the Italian Army during World War II.

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10th Indian Infantry Division

The 10th Indian Infantry Division was a war formed infantry division of the Indian Army during World War II.

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132nd Armoured Division Ariete

The Ariete Armoured Division was an armoured division of the Italian Army during World War II.

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133rd Armoured Division Littorio

133rd Armoured Division Littorio or 133° Divisione Corazzata Littorio (Italian) was an armoured division of the Italian Army during World War II.

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14th Punjab Regiment

The 14th Punjab Regiment was a regiment of the British Indian Army from 1922 to 1947.

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161st Indian Infantry Brigade

The 161st Indian Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade formation of the Indian Army during World War II.

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17th Infantry Division Pavia

17th Infantry Division "Pavia" (Italian: 17° Divisione Autotrasportabile "Pavia") was an auto-transportable Infantry Division of the Italian Army during World War II.

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18th Indian Infantry Brigade

The 18th Indian Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade formation of the Indian Army during World War II.

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18th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)

The 18th Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army that saw active service during World War I and World War II.

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1st (United Kingdom) Division

The 1st (United Kingdom) Division, formerly known as the 1st Armoured Division, is a division of the British Army, currently the only British division to be stationed in Germany.

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1st Infantry Division (South Africa)

The 1st South African Infantry Division was an infantry division of the army of the Union of South Africa.

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2/24th Battalion (Australia)

The 2/24th Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army, which served during World War II.

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2/32nd Battalion (Australia)

The 2/32nd Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army, which served during the Second World War.

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21st Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)

The 21st Panzer Division was a German armoured division best known for its role in the battles of the North African Campaign from 1941–1943 during World War II when it was one of the two armoured divisions making up the Deutsches Afrikakorps (DAK).

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22nd Armoured Brigade (United Kingdom)

The 22nd Armoured Brigade was an armoured brigade of the British Army that saw service during World War II.

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27th Infantry Division Brescia

The 27th Infantry Division "Brescia" (Italian: 27° Divisione Autotrasportabile "Brescia") was an auto-transportable Infantry Division formed 1 January 1935 as 27th Infantry Division Sila and reorganized to the 27th Infantry Division "Brescia" 24 May 1939.

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29th Indian Infantry Brigade

The 29th Indian Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade formation of the Indian Army during World War II.

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2nd New Zealand Division

The 2nd New Zealand Division, initially the New Zealand Division, was an infantry division of the New Zealand Military Forces (New Zealand's army) during the Second World War.

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33rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)

The 33rd Infantry Division (33.) was a German Army infantry division active in World War II.

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44th Royal Tank Regiment

The 44th Royal Tank Regiment (44 RTR) was an armoured regiment of the British Army, which was part of the Royal Tank Regiment, itself part of the Royal Armoured Corps that saw active service in World War II.

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4th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters North East

4th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters North East (The Black Rats), previously known as 4th Mechanized Brigade (The Black Rats) is a brigade formation of the British Army, currently based in Catterick, North Yorkshire as part of 1st (United Kingdom) Division.

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50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division

The 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army that saw distinguished service in the Second World War.

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5th Indian Infantry Brigade

The 5th Indian Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade formation of the Indian Army during World War II.

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5th Infantry Division (India)

The 5th Indian Infantry Division was an infantry division of the Indian Army during World War II that fought in several theatres of war and was nicknamed the "Ball of Fire".

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60th Infantry Division Sabratha

The Italian 60th "Sabratha" Infantry Division was an Italian auto-transportable infantry division during World War II.

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6th Infantry Brigade (New Zealand)

The 6th Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade of the New Zealand Military Forces, active during World War II as part of the 2nd New Zealand Division.

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7th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)

The 7th Armoured Division was an armoured division of the British Army that saw distinguished active service during World War II, where its exploits in the Western Desert Campaign gained it the Desert Rats nickname.

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90th Light Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)

The 90th Light Infantry Division was a light infantry division of the German Army during World War II that served in North Africa as well as Sardinia and Italy.

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9th Division (Australia)

The 9th Division was a division of the Australian Army that served during World War II.

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9th Indian Infantry Brigade

The 9th Indian Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade formation of the Indian Army during World War II.

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Redirects here:

Battle of Deir el Shein, Battle of Fuka, Battle of Miteiriya, Battle of Ruweisat, Battle of the Almein Box, Battle of the Coast Road, Battle of the Qattara box, Defence of Alamein Line, Defense of Alamein Line, First Battle of Alamein, First Battle of Ruweisat, First Battle of Ruweisat Ridge, First battle of El Alamein, First battle of el alamein, Second Battle of Ruweisat, Second Battle of Ruweisat Ridge, Second Battle of Tel el Eisa, Third Battle of Ruweisat Ridge, Third Battle of Tel el Eisa.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Battle_of_El_Alamein

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