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255 relations: Abraham Scultetus, Absolute monarchy, Academy of Sedan, Act of Settlement 1701, Alsace, Altarpiece, Amberg, Ambrogio Spinola, Amsterdam, Anna of Eppstein-Königstein, Anna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Anne of Denmark, Anointing, Ansbach, Apollo, Archbishop of Cologne, Žatec, Bad Kreuznach, Barbara Jagiellon, Battle of Breitenfeld (1631), Battle of Höchst, Battle of Lützen (1632), Battle of Lutter, Battle of Mingolsheim, Battle of White Mountain, Battle of Wimpfen, Beatrix of Baden, Bibliotheca Palatina, Bodo VIII, Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode, Bohemia, Bohemian Crown Jewels, Bohemian Revolt, Bubonic plague, Cadet branch, Calvinism, Casimir, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Catholic League (German), Chancellor, Chapel Royal, Charles Bridge, Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy, Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine, Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Charlotte of Bourbon, Charlotte of the Palatinate (1628–1631), Cheb, Christian I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg, Christian IV of Denmark, Christian the Younger of Brunswick, Christine of Saxony, ..., Christopher von Dohna, Chronogram, Conscription, Coronation, Countess Louise Juliana of Nassau, Court (royal), Crown of Saint Wenceslas, Czech language, Daniel Tilenus, Darmstadt, Defenestrations of Prague, Denmark, Diet (assembly), Diet of Regensburg (1630), Duchy of Bavaria, Dutch Republic, Dutch West India Company, Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern, Eighty Years' War, Elective monarchy, Electoral Palatinate, Elisabeth of Hesse, Electress Palatine, Elisabeth of the Palatinate, Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, Electress of Brandenburg, Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia, English Civil War, Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Ernst von Mansfeld, Estate (land), Estates of the realm, Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand of Bavaria (bishop), Fief, Florin, Francis Bacon, Francis Beaumont, Frankenthal, Frankfurt, Frederick III, Elector Palatine, Frederick IV, Elector Palatine, Freedom of religion, French 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Matyáš Thurn, Joachim Andreas von Schlick, Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly, Johann V of Nassau-Vianden-Dietz, John Donne, John George I, Elector of Saxony, John II, Count Palatine of Simmern, John II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, John of Hesse-Braubach, John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg, Juliana of Stolberg, Kaiserslautern, Kingdom of Bohemia, Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867), Lands of the Bohemian Crown, Lauterhofen, Legal guardian, Letter of Majesty, Linz, List of bishops and archbishops of Prague, List of Bohemian monarchs, List of Counts Palatine of the Rhine, Litany, Liturgy, Long Turkish War, Louis Philip, Count Palatine of Simmern-Kaiserslautern, Louis V, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt, Louis VI, Elector Palatine, Louis XIII of France, Louis, Duke of Montpensier, Louis, Prince of La Roche-sur-Yon, Louise de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier, Louise Hollandine of the Palatinate, Louny, Lucas Cranach the Younger, Ludwig Camerarius, Lusatia, Lutheranism, Mainz, Mannheim, Marie of 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Empire, Spanish match, Spanish Netherlands, Spanish treasure fleet, St. Vitus Cathedral, Susanna of Bavaria, Sweden, The Hague, The Masque of the Inner Temple and Gray's Inn, The Memorable Masque of the Middle Temple and Lincoln's Inn, Thirty Years' War, Treaty of Ulm (1620), Twelve Years' Truce, Upper Austria, Upper Palatinate, Upper Saxon Circle, Usurper, Utraquism, Vilém Slavata of Chlum, Waldsassen, Weiden in der Oberpfalz, Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia, William I, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg, William II, Landgrave of Hesse, William the Silent, Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg, Wrocław. 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Abraham Scultetus
Abraham Scultetus (24 August 1566 – 24 October 1625) was a German professor of theology, and the court preacher for the Elector of the Palatinate Frederick V.
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Absolute monarchy
Absolute monarchy, is a form of monarchy in which one ruler has supreme authority and where that authority is not restricted by any written laws, legislature, or customs.
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Academy of Sedan
The Academy of Sedan (Fr.: Académie de Sedan) was a Huguenot academy in Sedan in the Principality of Sedan, founded in 1579 and suppressed in 1681.
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Act of Settlement 1701
The Act of Settlement is an Act of the Parliament of England that was passed in 1701 to settle the succession to the English and Irish crowns on Protestants only.
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Alsace
Alsace (Alsatian: ’s Elsass; German: Elsass; Alsatia) is a cultural and historical region in eastern France, on the west bank of the upper Rhine next to Germany and Switzerland.
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Altarpiece
An altarpiece is an artwork such as a painting, sculpture or relief representing a religious subject made for placing behind the altar of a Christian church.
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Amberg
Amberg is a town in Bavaria, Germany.
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Ambrogio Spinola
Ambrogio Spinola Doria, 1st Marquess of The Balbases, GE, KOGF, KOS (Genoa, 1569Castelnuovo Scrivia, 25 September 1630) was a Genoese general who served for the Spanish crown and won a number of important battles.
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Amsterdam
Amsterdam is the capital and most populous municipality of the Netherlands.
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Anna of Eppstein-Königstein
Anna of Eppstein-Königstein (1481 in Königstein – 7 August 1538 in Stolberg) was the daughter of Philip I of Eppstein-Königstein and his wife, Louise de la Marck.
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Anna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Anna, Princess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (14 September 1485, Plau am See – 12 May 1525, Rödelheim) was by marriage Landgravine of Hesse.
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Anne of Denmark
Anne of Denmark (12 December 1574 – 2 March 1619) was Queen consort of Scotland, England, and Ireland by marriage to King James VI and I. The second daughter of King Frederick II of Denmark, Anne married James in 1589 at age 15 and bore him three children who survived infancy, including the future Charles I. She demonstrated an independent streak and a willingness to use factional Scottish politics in her conflicts with James over the custody of Prince Henry and his treatment of her friend Beatrix Ruthven.
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Anointing
Anointing is the ritual act of pouring aromatic oil over a person's head or entire body.
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Ansbach
Ansbach is a city in the German state of Bavaria.
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Apollo
Apollo (Attic, Ionic, and Homeric Greek: Ἀπόλλων, Apollōn (Ἀπόλλωνος); Doric: Ἀπέλλων, Apellōn; Arcadocypriot: Ἀπείλων, Apeilōn; Aeolic: Ἄπλουν, Aploun; Apollō) is one of the most important and complex of the Olympian deities in classical Greek and Roman religion and Greek and Roman mythology.
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Archbishop of Cologne
The Archbishop of Cologne is an archbishop representing the Archdiocese of Cologne of the Catholic Church in western North Rhine-Westphalia and northern Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany and was ex officio one of the electors of the Holy Roman Empire, the Elector of Cologne, from 1356 to 1801.
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Žatec
Žatec (Saaz) is a historic town in Louny District, Ústí nad Labem Region, in the Czech Republic.
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Bad Kreuznach
Bad Kreuznach is a town in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
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Barbara Jagiellon
Barbara Jagiellon (15 July 1478 – 15 February 1534), was a Polish princess member of the Jagiellonian dynasty and by marriage Duchess of Saxony.
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Battle of Breitenfeld (1631)
The Battle of Breitenfeld (Schlacht bei Breitenfeld; Slaget vid Breitenfeld) or First Battle of Breitenfeld (in older texts sometimes known as Battle of Leipzig), was fought at a crossroads near Breitenfeld approximately five miles north-west of the walled city of Leipzig on September 17 (Gregorian calendar), or September 7 (Julian calendar, in wide use at the time), 1631.
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Battle of Höchst
The Battle of Höchst (20 June 1622) was fought between a combined Catholic League army led by Johan Tzerclaes, Count of Tilly and Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba and a Protestant army commanded by Christian the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg.
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Battle of Lützen (1632)
The Battle of Lützen (16 November 1632) was one of the most important battles of the Thirty Years' War, which began with the Second Defenestration of Prague in 1618 and ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.
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Battle of Lutter
The Battle of Lutter (Lutter am Barenberge) took place during the Thirty Years' War, on 27 August 1626 (17 August 1626 in the old Julian calendar), between the forces of the Lower Saxon Circle, combining mostly Protestant states, and led by its Circle Colonel Christian IV of Denmark, and the forces of the Catholic League.
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Battle of Mingolsheim
The Battle of Mingolsheim (Schlacht bei Mingolsheim) was fought on 27 April 1622, near the German village of Wiesloch, south of Heidelberg (and south of Wiesloch), between a Protestant army under General von Mansfeld and the Margrave of Baden-Durlach against a Roman Catholic army under Count Tilly.
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Battle of White Mountain
The Battle of White Mountain (Czech: Bitva na Bílé hoře, German: Schlacht am Weißen Berg) was an important battle in the early stages of the Thirty Years' War.
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Battle of Wimpfen
The Battle of Wimpfen was a battle in the Bohemian Revolt period of the Thirty Years' War on 6 May 1622 near Wimpfen.
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Beatrix of Baden
Beatrice of Baden (22 January 1492 – 4 April 1535) was a Margravine of Baden by birth and by marriage and a Countess Palatine of Simmern.
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Bibliotheca Palatina
The Bibliotheca Palatina ("Palatinate library") of Heidelberg was the most important library of the German Renaissance, numbering approximately 5,000 printed books and 3,524 manuscripts.
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Bodo VIII, Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode
Count Bodo VIII of Stolberg-Wernigerode (nicknamed the Blissful; 4 January 1467 − 22 June 1538) was Count of Stolberg and Hohnstein and Lord of Wernigerode from 1511 until his death.
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Bohemia
Bohemia (Čechy;; Czechy; Bohême; Bohemia; Boemia) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech lands in the present-day Czech Republic.
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Bohemian Crown Jewels
The Bohemian Crown Jewels, sometimes called the Czech Crown Jewels (české korunovační klenoty), include the Crown of Saint Wenceslas (Svatováclavská koruna), the royal orb and sceptre, the coronation vestments of the Kings of Bohemia, the gold reliquary cross, and St. Wenceslas' sword.
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Bohemian Revolt
The Bohemian Revolt (1618–1620) was an uprising of the Bohemian estates against the rule of the Habsburg dynasty that began the Thirty Years' War.
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Bubonic plague
Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by bacterium Yersinia pestis.
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Cadet branch
In history and heraldry, a cadet branch consists of the male-line descendants of a monarch or patriarch's younger sons (cadets).
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Calvinism
Calvinism (also called the Reformed tradition, Reformed Christianity, Reformed Protestantism, or the Reformed faith) is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice of John Calvin and other Reformation-era theologians.
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Casimir, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
Casimir (or Kasimir) of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (27 December 1481 – 21 September 1527) was Margrave of Bayreuth or Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach from 1515 to 1527.
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Catholic League (German)
The Catholic League (Liga Catholica, Katholische Liga) was a coalition of Catholic states of the Holy Roman Empire formed 10 July 1609.
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Chancellor
Chancellor (cancellarius) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many nations.
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Chapel Royal
In both the United Kingdom and Canada, a Chapel Royal refers not to a building but to a distinct body of priests and singers who explicitly serve the spiritual needs of the sovereign.
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Charles Bridge
Charles Bridge (Karlův most) is a historic bridge that crosses the Vltava river in Prague, Czech Republic.
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Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy
Charles Emmanuel I (Carlo Emanuele di Savoia; 12 January 1562 – 26 July 1630), known as the Great, was the Duke of Savoy from 1580 to 1630.
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Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine
Charles Louis, (Karl I. Ludwig), Elector Palatine KG (22 December 1617 – 28 August 1680) was the second son of German elector Frederick V of the Palatinate, the "Winter King" of Bohemia, and his wife, Elizabeth of England.
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Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles IV (Karel IV., Karl IV., Carolus IV; 14 May 1316 – 29 November 1378Karl IV. In: (1960): Geschichte in Gestalten (History in figures), vol. 2: F-K. 38, Frankfurt 1963, p. 294), born Wenceslaus, was a King of Bohemia and the first King of Bohemia to also become Holy Roman Emperor.
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Charlotte of Bourbon
Charlotte of Bourbon (1546/1547 – 5 May 1582) was a Princess consort of Orange as the third spouse of William the Silent, Prince of Orange, the main leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish.
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Charlotte of the Palatinate (1628–1631)
Charlotte of the Palatinate (Princess Palatine Charlotte, 19 December 1628 – 14 January 1631), was the fourth daughter of Frederick V, Elector Palatine (of the House of Wittelsbach), the "Winter King" of Bohemia, by his consort, the English princess Elizabeth Stuart.
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Cheb
Cheb (Eger) is a town in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic, with about 33,000 inhabitants.
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Christian I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg
Christian I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg, also known as Christian of Anhalt, (11 May 1568 – 17 April 1630) was a German prince of the House of Ascania.
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Christian IV of Denmark
Christian IV (Christian den Fjerde; 12 April 1577 – 28 February 1648), sometimes colloquially referred to as Christian Firtal in Denmark and Christian Kvart or Quart in Norway, was king of Denmark-Norway and Duke of Holstein and Schleswig from 1588 to 1648.
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Christian the Younger of Brunswick
Christian the Younger of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (September 20, 1599 – June 16, 1626), a member of the House of Welf, titular Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Halberstadt, was a German Protestant military leader during the early years of the Thirty Years' War.
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Christine of Saxony
Christine of Saxony (25 December 1505 – 15 April 1549) was a German noble, landgravine of Hesse.
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Christopher von Dohna
Burgrave Christopher von Dohna (German: Burggraf Christoph von Dohna) (June 27, 1583 – July 1, 1637) was a German politician and scholar during the time of the Thirty Years' War.
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Chronogram
A chronogram is a sentence or inscription in which specific letters, interpreted as numerals, stand for a particular date when rearranged.
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Conscription
Conscription, sometimes called the draft, is the compulsory enlistment of people in a national service, most often a military service.
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Coronation
A coronation is the act of placement or bestowal of a crown upon a monarch's head.
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Countess Louise Juliana of Nassau
Louise Juliana of Orange-Nassau (31 March 1576 in Delft – 15 March 1644 in Königsberg) was a countess of the Palatinate by marriage to Frederick IV, Elector Palatine, and regent during the minority of her son from 1610 until 1611.
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Court (royal)
A court is an extended royal household in a monarchy, including all those who regularly attend on a monarch, or another central figure.
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Crown of Saint Wenceslas
The Crown of Saint Wenceslas is a crown forming part of the Bohemian Crown Jewels, made in 1347.
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Czech language
Czech (čeština), historically also Bohemian (lingua Bohemica in Latin), is a West Slavic language of the Czech–Slovak group.
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Daniel Tilenus
Daniel Tilenus (also Tilenius) (1563–1633) was a German-French Protestant theologian.
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Darmstadt
Darmstadt is a city in the state of Hesse in Germany, located in the southern part of the Rhine-Main-Area (Frankfurt Metropolitan Region).
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Defenestrations of Prague
The Defenestrations of Prague (Pražská defenestrace, Prager Fenstersturz, Defenestratio Pragensis) were two incidents in the history of Bohemia in which multiple people were defenestrated (that is, thrown out of a window).
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Denmark
Denmark (Danmark), officially the Kingdom of Denmark,Kongeriget Danmark,.
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Diet (assembly)
In politics, a diet is a formal deliberative assembly.
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Diet of Regensburg (1630)
The Diet of Regensburg was a meeting of the Prince-Electors of the Holy Roman Empire (or Kurfürstentag) which occurred at Regensburg from July to November 1630.
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Duchy of Bavaria
The Duchy of Bavaria (German: Herzogtum Bayern) was, from the sixth through the eighth century, a frontier region in the southeastern part of the Merovingian kingdom.
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Dutch Republic
The Dutch Republic was a republic that existed from the formal creation of a confederacy in 1581 by several Dutch provinces (which earlier seceded from the Spanish rule) until the Batavian Revolution in 1795.
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Dutch West India Company
Dutch West India Company (Geoctroyeerde Westindische Compagnie, or GWIC; Chartered West India Company) was a chartered company (known as the "WIC") of Dutch merchants as well as foreign investors.
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Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern
Edward, prince palatine of the Rhine (Eduard, Prinz von der Pfalz) 5 October 1625 – 10 March 1663, was the sixth son of Frederick V, Elector Palatine (of the House of Wittelsbach), the "Winter King" of Bohemia, by his consort, the English princess Elizabeth Stuart.
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Eighty Years' War
The Eighty Years' War (Tachtigjarige Oorlog; Guerra de los Ochenta Años) or Dutch War of Independence (1568–1648) was a revolt of the Seventeen Provinces of what are today the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg against the political and religious hegemony of Philip II of Spain, the sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands.
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Elective monarchy
An elective monarchy is a monarchy ruled by an elected monarch, in contrast to a hereditary monarchy in which the office is automatically passed down as a family inheritance.
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Electoral Palatinate
The County Palatine of the Rhine (Pfalzgrafschaft bei Rhein), later the Electorate of the Palatinate (Kurfürstentum von der Pfalz) or simply Electoral Palatinate (Kurpfalz), was a territory in the Holy Roman Empire (specifically, a palatinate) administered by the Count Palatine of the Rhine.
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Elisabeth of Hesse, Electress Palatine
Elisabeth of Hesse (13 February 1539 – 14 March 1582) was a German noblewoman.
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Elisabeth of the Palatinate
Elisabeth of the Palatinate (26 December 1618 – 11 February 1680), also known as Elisabeth of Bohemia, Princess Elisabeth of the Palatinate, or Princess-Abbess of Herford Abbey, was the eldest daughter of Frederick V, Elector Palatine (who was briefly King of Bohemia), and Elizabeth Stuart.
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Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, Electress of Brandenburg
Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate (19 November 1597 – 26 April 1660) was an Electress consort of Brandenburg as the wife of George William, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia, and the mother of Frederick William of Brandenburg, the "Great Elector".
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Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia
Elizabeth Stuart (19 August 1596 – 13 February 1662) was Electress of the Palatinate and briefly Queen of Bohemia as the wife of Frederick V of the Palatinate.
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English Civil War
The English Civil War (1642–1651) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians ("Roundheads") and Royalists ("Cavaliers") over, principally, the manner of England's governance.
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Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Ernest Augustus (Ernst August; 20 November 1629 – 23 January 1698), was a Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and ruled over the Principality of Calenberg (with its capital Hanover) subdivision of the duchy.
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Ernst von Mansfeld
Ernst Graf von Mansfeld (c. 158029 November 1626), was a German military commander during the early years of the Thirty Years' War.
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Estate (land)
Historically, an estate comprises the houses, outbuildings, supporting farmland, and woods that surround the gardens and grounds of a very large property, such as a country house or mansion.
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Estates of the realm
The estates of the realm, or three estates, were the broad orders of social hierarchy used in Christendom (Christian Europe) from the medieval period to early modern Europe.
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Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 – 15 February 1637), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor (1619–1637), King of Bohemia (1617–1619, 1620–1637), and King of Hungary (1618–1637).
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Ferdinand of Bavaria (bishop)
Ferdinand of Bavaria (Ferdinand von Bayern) (6 October 1577 – 13 September 1650) was Prince-elector archbishop of the Archbishopric of Cologne (Holy Roman Empire) from 1612 to 1650, as successor of Ernest of Bavaria.
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Fief
A fief (feudum) was the central element of feudalism and consisted of heritable property or rights granted by an overlord to a vassal who held it in fealty (or "in fee") in return for a form of feudal allegiance and service, usually given by the personal ceremonies of homage and fealty.
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Florin
The Florentine florin was a coin struck from 1252 to 1533 with no significant change in its design or metal content standard during that time.
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Francis Bacon
Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban, (22 January 15619 April 1626) was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator, and author.
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Francis Beaumont
Francis Beaumont (1584 – 6 March 1616) was a dramatist in the English Renaissance theatre, most famous for his collaborations with John Fletcher.
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Frankenthal
Frankenthal (Pfalz) is a town in southwestern Germany, in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate.
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Frankfurt
Frankfurt, officially the City of Frankfurt am Main ("Frankfurt on the Main"), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany.
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Frederick III, Elector Palatine
Frederick III of Simmern, the Pious, Elector Palatine of the Rhine (February 14, 1515 – October 26, 1576) was a ruler from the house of Wittelsbach, branch Palatinate-Simmern-Sponheim.
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Frederick IV, Elector Palatine
Frederick IV, Elector Palatine of the Rhine (Kurfürst Friedrich IV.; 5 March 1574 – 19 September 1610), only surviving son of Louis VI, Elector Palatine and Elisabeth of Hesse, called "Frederick the Righteous" (Friedrich Der Aufrichtige; French: Frédéric IV le juste).
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Freedom of religion
Freedom of religion is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or community, in public or private, to manifest religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship, and observance without government influence or intervention.
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French Wars of Religion
The French Wars of Religion refers to a prolonged period of war and popular unrest between Roman Catholics and Huguenots (Reformed/Calvinist Protestants) in the Kingdom of France between 1562 and 1598.
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Friedrich Schiller
Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (10 November 17599 May 1805) was a German poet, philosopher, physician, historian, and playwright.
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Gabriel Bethlen
Gabriel Bethlen (Bethlen Gábor; 15 November 1580 – 25 November 1629) was Prince of Transylvania from 1613 to 1629 and Duke of Opole from 1622 to 1625.
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Georg Friedrich, Margrave of Baden-Durlach
George Frederick of Baden-Durlach (30 January 1573 – 24 September 1638) was Margrave of Baden-Durlach from 1604 until his abdication in 1622.
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George Chapman
George Chapman (Hitchin, Hertfordshire, c. 1559 – London, 12 May 1634) was an English dramatist, translator, and poet.
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George I of Great Britain
George I (George Louis; Georg Ludwig; 28 May 1660 – 11 June 1727) was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1 August 1714 and ruler of the Duchy and Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) in the Holy Roman Empire from 1698 until his death.
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George William, Elector of Brandenburg
George William (Georg Wilhelm; 13 November 1595 – 1 December 1640), of the Hohenzollern dynasty, was margrave and elector of Brandenburg and duke of Prussia from 1619 until his death.
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George, Duke of Saxony
George the Bearded, Duke of Saxony (Meissen, 27 August 1471 – Dresden, 17 April 1539), was Duke of Saxony from 1500 to 1539 known for his opposition to the Reformation.
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Gerard van Honthorst
Gerard van Honthorst (Gerrit van Honthorst) (4 November 1592 – 27 April 1656) was a Dutch Golden Age painter who became especially noted for his depiction of artificially lit scenes, eventually receiving the nickname Gherardo delle Notti ("Gerard of the nights").
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Golden Bull of 1356
The Golden Bull of 1356 was a decree issued by the Imperial Diet at Nuremberg and Metz (Diet of Metz (1356/57)) headed by the Emperor Charles IV which fixed, for a period of more than four hundred years, important aspects of the constitutional structure of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba (1585–1645)
Gonzalo Andrés Domingo Fernández de Córdoba (31 December 1585 – 16 February 1645) was a Spanish military leader during the Eighty Years' War, Thirty Years' War and the War of the Mantuan Succession.
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Government in exile
A government in exile is a political group which claims to be a country or semi-sovereign state's legitimate government, but is unable to exercise legal power and instead resides in another state or foreign country.
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Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
Gustav II Adolf (9 December 1594 – 6 November 1632, O.S.), widely known in English by his Latinised name Gustavus Adolphus or as Gustav II Adolph, was the King of Sweden from 1611 to 1632 who is credited for the founding of Sweden as a great power (Stormaktstiden).
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Gustavus Adolphus of the Palatinate
Gustavus Adolphus of the Palatinate (Prince Palatine Gustavus Adolphus, 14 January 1632 – 9 January 1641), was the last son of Frederick V, Elector Palatine (of the House of Wittelsbach), the "Winter King" of Bohemia, by his consort, the British princess Elizabeth Stuart.
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Haarlem
Haarlem (predecessor of Harlem in the English language) is a city and municipality in the Netherlands.
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Haarlemmermeer
Haarlemmermeer is a municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland.
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Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy (Habsburgermonarchie) or Empire is an unofficial appellation among historians for the countries and provinces that were ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg between 1521 and 1780 and then by the successor branch of Habsburg-Lorraine until 1918.
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Hans Meinhard von Schönberg
Count Hans Meinhard von Schönberg auf Wesel (German: Graf Hans Meinhard von Schönberg auf Wesel) (August 28, 1582 – August 3, 1616) was a German nobleman and soldier, who served as hofmeister of Frederick V, Elector Palatine.
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Heidelberg
Heidelberg is a college town in Baden-Württemberg situated on the river Neckar in south-west Germany.
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Heidelberg Castle
Heidelberg Castle (Heidelberger Schloss) is a ruin in Germany and landmark of Heidelberg.
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Heilbronn
Heilbronn is a city in northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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Heir presumptive
An heir presumptive or heiress presumptive is the person entitled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honour, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of an heir apparent, male or female, or of a new heir presumptive with a better claim to the position in question.
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Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon
Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne (titular Duke of Bouillon, jure uxoris, comte de Montfort et Negrepelisse, vicomte de Turenne, Castillon, et Lanquais) (28 September 1555 – 25 March 1623) was a member of the powerful (then Huguenot) House of La Tour d'Auvergne, Prince of Sedan and a marshal of France.
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Henriette Marie of the Palatinate
Henriette Marie, Princess Palatine (17 July 1626, The Hague, Netherlands – 18 September 1651, Sárospatak, Hungary) was a German noblewoman of the House of Wittelsbach.
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Henry Frederick, Hereditary Prince of the Palatinate
Henry Frederick, Electoral Prince of the Palatinate, (Heinrich Friedrich; 1 January 1614 – 7 January 1629 in the Netherlands) was the eldest son of Frederick V, the Winter King, and his wife, Elizabeth Stuart, daughter of King James I of England.
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Henry IV of France
Henry IV (Henri IV, read as Henri-Quatre; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithet Good King Henry, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 to 1610 and King of France from 1589 to 1610.
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Hercules
Hercules is a Roman hero and god.
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Hofmeister (office)
In medieval Europe, within the Holy Roman Empire, a Hofmeister (literally "court-master" or "house-master" in German; Magister, Praefectus curiae; hofmester, hovmester, hovmästare, hofmistr, ochmistrz; précepteur; precettore / istitutore) was an official who acted as an aide to royalty or to a senior nobleman or cleric.
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Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire (Sacrum Romanum Imperium; Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a multi-ethnic but mostly German complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.
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Homage (feudal)
Homage in the Middle Ages was the ceremony in which a feudal tenant or vassal pledged reverence and submission to his feudal lord, receiving in exchange the symbolic title to his new position (investiture).
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Hortus Palatinus
The Hortus Palatinus, or Garden of the Palatinate, was a Baroque garden in the Italian Renaissance style attached to Heidelberg Castle, Germany.
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House of Habsburg
The House of Habsburg (traditionally spelled Hapsburg in English), also called House of Austria was one of the most influential and distinguished royal houses of Europe.
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House of Hanover
The House of Hanover (or the Hanoverians; Haus Hannover) is a German royal dynasty that ruled the Electorate and then the Kingdom of Hanover, and also provided monarchs of Great Britain and Ireland from 1714 to 1800 and ruled the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from its creation in 1801 until the death of Queen Victoria in 1901.
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House of Palatinate-Simmern
Palatinate-Simmern (Pfalz-Simmern) was one of the collateral lineages of Palatinate line of the House of Wittelsbach.
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House of Wittelsbach
The House of Wittelsbach is a European royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria.
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Iconoclasm
IconoclasmLiterally, "image-breaking", from κλάω.
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Imperial election, 1619
The imperial election of 1619 was an imperial election held to select the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Inigo Jones
Inigo Jones (15 July 1573 – 21 June 1652) was the first significant English architect (of Welsh ancestry) in the early modern period, and the first to employ Vitruvian rules of proportion and symmetry in his buildings.
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Jacqueline de Longwy
Jacqueline de Longwy, Countess of Bar-sur-Seine (before 1520 – 28 August 1561), Duchess of Montpensier, Dauphine of Auvergne was a French noblewoman, and a half-niece of King Francis I of France.
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Jagdschloss
Jagdschloss is the German term for a hunting lodge.
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James VI and I
James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death in 1625.
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Jaroslav Bořita of Martinice
Jaroslav Bořita z Martinic (6 January 1582 – 21 November 1649) was a Czech nobleman and a representative of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor who, along with Vilém Slavata of Chlum, was a victim in the 1618 Defenestration of Prague (also known as the Second Defenestration of Prague).
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Jeanne d'Angoulême
Jeanne d'Angoulême, Countess of Bar-sur-Seine (ca. 1490 – after 1531/1538), Dame de Givry, Baroness of Pagny and of Mirebeau, was an illegitimate half-sister of King Francis I of France and princess Marguerite de Navarre.
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Jindřich Matyáš Thurn
Count Jindřich Matyáš Thurn-Valsassina (German: Heinrich Matthias Graf von Thurn und Valsassina; Italian: Enrico Matteo Conte della Torre di Valsassina) (24 February 1567 – 26 January 1640), was a Bohemian nobleman, one of leaders of Protestant Bohemian Revolt against Emperor Ferdinand II.
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Joachim Andreas von Schlick
Joachim Andreas von Schlick, Count of Passaun and Weißkirchen (in Czech Jáchym Ondřej Šlik z Holíče, hrabě z Passaunu; 9 September 1569, Ostrov – 21 June 1621, Prague) was a Czech nobleman of the Schlick family in the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Holy Roman Empire.
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Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly
Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly (Johan t'Serclaes; February 1559 – 30 April 1632) was a field marshal who commanded the Catholic League's forces in the Thirty Years' War.
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Johann V of Nassau-Vianden-Dietz
Johann V of Nassau-Vianden-Dietz (Breda, 9 November 1455 – Dillenburg, 30 July 1516) was count of Nassau (in Siegen, Dillenburg, Hadamar and Herborn), Vianden and Diez, and Lord of Breda.
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John Donne
John Donne (22 January 1572 – 31 March 1631) was an English poet and cleric in the Church of England.
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John George I, Elector of Saxony
John George I (German: Johann Georg I.) (5 March 1585 – 8 October 1656) was Elector of Saxony from 1611 to 1656.
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John II, Count Palatine of Simmern
Johann II (21 March 1492 – 18 May 1557) was the Count Palatine of Simmern from 1509 until 1557.
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John II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
John II the Younger (Johann II.) (26 March 1584 – 9 August 1635) was the Duke of Zweibrücken from 1604 until 1635.
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John of Hesse-Braubach
John of Hesse-Braubach (17 June 1609, Darmstadt - 1 April 1651, Ems) was a German nobleman and general.
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John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg
John Sigismund (Johann Sigismund; 8 November 1572 – 23 December 1619) was a Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg from the House of Hohenzollern.
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Juliana of Stolberg
Juliana, Countess of Stolberg-Wernigerode (15 February 1506 in Stolberg, Saxony-Anhalt – 18 June 1580) was the mother of William the Silent, the leader of the successful Dutch Revolt against the Spanish in the 16th century.
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Kaiserslautern
Kaiserslautern is a city in southwest Germany, located in the Bundesland (State) of Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz) at the edge of the Palatinate Forest (Pfälzerwald).
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Kingdom of Bohemia
The Kingdom of Bohemia, sometimes in English literature referred to as the Czech Kingdom (České království; Königreich Böhmen; Regnum Bohemiae, sometimes Regnum Czechorum), was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Central Europe, the predecessor of the modern Czech Republic.
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Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)
The Kingdom of Hungary between 1526 and 1867 was, while outside the Holy Roman Empire, part of the lands of the Habsburg Monarchy, that became the Empire of Austria in 1804.
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Lands of the Bohemian Crown
The Lands of the Bohemian Crown, sometimes called Czech lands in modern times, were a number of incorporated states in Central Europe during the medieval and early modern periods connected by feudal relations under the Bohemian kings.
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Lauterhofen
Lauterhofen is a municipality in the district of Neumarkt in Bavaria in Germany.
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Legal guardian
A legal guardian is a person who has the legal authority (and the corresponding duty) to care for the personal and property interests of another person, called a ward.
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Letter of Majesty
The Letter of Majesty (1609) was a 17th-century European document, reluctantly signed by the Holy Roman Emperor, Rudolf II, granting religious tolerance to both Protestant and Catholic citizens living in the estates of Bohemia.
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Linz
Linz (Linec) is the third-largest city of Austria and capital of the state of Upper Austria (Oberösterreich).
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List of bishops and archbishops of Prague
The following is a list of bishops and archbishops of Prague.
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List of Bohemian monarchs
This is a list of Bohemian monarchs now also referred to as list of Czech monarchs who ruled as Dukes and Kings of Bohemia.
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List of Counts Palatine of the Rhine
The Elector of the Palatinate (Kurfürst von der Pfalz) ruled the Palatinate of the Rhine in the Kingdom of Germany and the Holy Roman Empire from 915 to 1803.
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Litany
Litany, in Christian worship and some forms of Judaic worship, is a form of prayer used in services and processions, and consisting of a number of petitions.
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Liturgy
Liturgy is the customary public worship performed by a religious group, according to its beliefs, customs and traditions.
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Long Turkish War
The Long Turkish War or Thirteen Years' War was an indecisive land war between the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire, primarily over the Principalities of Wallachia, Transylvania and Moldavia.
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Louis Philip, Count Palatine of Simmern-Kaiserslautern
Louis Philip (German: Ludwig Philipp) (23 November 1602 – 6 January 1655) was the Count Palatine of Simmern-Kaiserslautern from 1610 until 1655.
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Louis V, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
Louis V of Hesse-Darmstadt (Ludwig; 24 September 1577 – 27 July 1626) was the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1596 to 1626.
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Louis VI, Elector Palatine
Ludwig VI, Elector Palatine (4 July 1539 in Simmern – 22 October 1583 in Heidelberg), was an Elector from the Palatinate-Simmern branch of the house of Wittelsbach.
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Louis XIII of France
Louis XIII (27 September 1601 – 14 May 1643) was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1610 to 1643 and King of Navarre (as Louis II) from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crown.
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Louis, Duke of Montpensier
Louis de Bourbon (10 June 1513 – 23 September 1582) was the second Duke of Montpensier.
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Louis, Prince of La Roche-sur-Yon
Louis de Bourbon (1473 – 1520) styled as the Prince of La Roche-sur-Yon was born in 1473.
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Louise de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier
Louise de Bourbon (1482 – 15 July 1561) was the Duchess of Montpensier, suo jure from February 1538 to 1561.
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Louise Hollandine of the Palatinate
Louise Hollandine of the Palatinate (18 April 1622 – 11 February 1709) was a painter and abbess.
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Louny
Louny (Laun) is a town in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic.
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Lucas Cranach the Younger
Lucas Cranach the Younger (Lucas Cranach der Jüngere; 4 October 1515 – 25 January 1586) was a German Renaissance painter and portraitist, the son of Lucas Cranach the Elder.
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Ludwig Camerarius
Ludwig Camerarius (22 January 1573, Nuremberg – 4 October 1651, probably in Heidelberg) was a German statesman, lawyer, minister and head of Frederick V's government-in-exile in the Hague.
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Lusatia
Lusatia (Lausitz, Łužica, Łužyca, Łużyce, Lužice) is a region in Central Europe.
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Lutheranism
Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestant Christianity which identifies with the theology of Martin Luther (1483–1546), a German friar, ecclesiastical reformer and theologian.
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Mainz
Satellite view of Mainz (south of the Rhine) and Wiesbaden Mainz (Mogontiacum, Mayence) is the capital and largest city of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany.
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Mannheim
Mannheim (Palatine German: Monnem or Mannem) is a city in the southwestern part of Germany, the third-largest in the German state of Baden-Württemberg after Stuttgart and Karlsruhe with a 2015 population of approximately 305,000 inhabitants.
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Marie of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
Marie of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (born 14 October 1519 in Ansbach – died 31 October 1567 in Heidelberg) was a Princess of Brandenburg-Kulmbach and by marriage Electress Palatine.
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Mary, mother of Jesus
Mary was a 1st-century BC Galilean Jewish woman of Nazareth, and the mother of Jesus, according to the New Testament and the Quran.
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Matthias Hoë von Hoënegg
Matthias Hoë von Hoënegg (24 February 1580, Vienna – 4 March 1645, Dresden) was a German Lutheran pastor.
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Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor
Matthias (24 February 1557 – 20 March 1619) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1612, King of Hungary and Croatia from 1608 (as Matthias II) and King of Bohemia from 1611.
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Maurice of the Palatinate
Maurice, Prince Palatine of the Rhine KG (Küstrin Castle, Brandenburg, 16 January 1621 ns. – near the Virgin Islands, September 1652), was the fourth son of Frederick V, Elector Palatine and Princess Elizabeth, only daughter of King James I of England and VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark.
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Maurice, Prince of Orange
Maurice of Orange (Dutch: Maurits van Oranje) (14 November 1567 – 23 April 1625) was stadtholder of all the provinces of the Dutch Republic except for Friesland from 1585 at earliest until his death in 1625.
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Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria
Maximilian I (17 April 157327 September 1651), occasionally called "the Great", a member of the House of Wittelsbach, ruled as Duke of Bavaria from 1597.
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Monarchy of the United Kingdom
The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom, its dependencies and its overseas territories.
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Moravia
Moravia (Morava;; Morawy; Moravia) is a historical country in the Czech Republic (forming its eastern part) and one of the historical Czech lands, together with Bohemia and Czech Silesia.
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Mulhouse
Mulhouse (Alsatian: Milhüsa or Milhüse,;; i.e. mill house) is a city and commune in eastern France, close to the Swiss and German borders.
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Munich
Munich (München; Minga) is the capital and the most populated city in the German state of Bavaria, on the banks of the River Isar north of the Bavarian Alps.
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Mysticism
Mysticism is the practice of religious ecstasies (religious experiences during alternate states of consciousness), together with whatever ideologies, ethics, rites, myths, legends, and magic may be related to them.
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Nuremberg
Nuremberg (Nürnberg) is a city on the river Pegnitz and on the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal in the German state of Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia, about north of Munich.
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Old Town Square execution
Old Town Square execution (Staroměstská exekuce) was a mass execution of 27 Bohemian Protestant leaders (three noblemen, seven knights and 17 burghers) of the Bohemian Revolt by the Austrian Catholic House of Habsburg that took place on June 21, 1621 at the Old Town Square in Prague.
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Oppenheim
Oppenheim is a town in the Mainz-Bingen district of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
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Order of the Garter
The Order of the Garter (formally the Most Noble Order of the Garter) is an order of chivalry founded by Edward III in 1348 and regarded as the most prestigious British order of chivalry (though in precedence inferior to the military Victoria Cross and George Cross) in England and the United Kingdom.
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Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.
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Palace of Whitehall
The Palace of Whitehall (or Palace of White Hall) at Westminster, Middlesex, was the main residence of the English monarchs from 1530 until 1698, when most of its structures, except for Inigo Jones's Banqueting House of 1622, were destroyed by fire.
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Palatinate (region)
The Palatinate (die Pfalz, Pfälzer dialect: Palz), historically also Rhenish Palatinate (Rheinpfalz), is a region in southwestern Germany.
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Palatinate campaign
The Palatinate Campaign, or the Spanish conquest of the Palatinate,Spielvogel p.447 was a series of sieges, battles and conquests during the Palatinate Phase of the Thirty Years' War, carried out by the Army of Flanders under Don Ambrosio Spinola, and the Imperial-Spanish troops under Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly and Don Gonzalo de Córdoba.
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Parkstein
Parkstein is a district in the municipality of Neustadt an der Waldnaab in Bavaria in Germany.
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Peace
Peace is the concept of harmony and the absence of hostility.
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Peace of Augsburg
The Peace of Augsburg, also called the Augsburg Settlement, was a treaty between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (the predecessor of Ferdinand I) and the Schmalkaldic League, signed in September 1555 at the imperial city of Augsburg.
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Peilstein im Mühlviertel
Peilstein im Mühlviertel is a municipality in the district of Rohrbach in the Austrian state of Upper Austria.
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Peter Snayers
Peter Snayers or Pieter Snayers (1592–1667) was a Flemish painter known for his panoramic battle scenes, depictions of cavalry skirmishes, attacks on villages, coaches and convoys and hunting scenes.
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Philip Frederick of the Palatinate
Philip Frederick of the Palatinate (Prince Palatine John Philip Frederick, 16 September 1627 – 16 December 1650), was the seventh son of Frederick V, Elector Palatine (of the House of Wittelsbach), the "Winter King" of Bohemia, by his consort, the English princess Elizabeth Stuart.
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Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse
Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse (13 November 1504 – 31 March 1567), nicknamed der Großmütige ("the magnanimous"), was a leading champion of the Protestant Reformation and one of the most important of the early Protestant rulers in Germany.
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Pope Gregory XV
Pope Gregory XV (Gregorius XV; 9 January 15548 July 1623), born Alessandro Ludovisi, was Pope from 9 February 1621 to his death in 1623.
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Prague
Prague (Praha, Prag) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, the 14th largest city in the European Union and also the historical capital of Bohemia.
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Prague Castle
Prague Castle (Pražský hrad) is a castle complex in Prague, Czech Republic, dating from the 9th century.
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Prince Rupert of the Rhine
Prince Rupert of the Rhine, Duke of Cumberland (17 December 1619 – 29 November 1682) was a noted German soldier, admiral, scientist, sportsman, colonial governor and amateur artist during the 17th century.
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Prince-bishop
A prince-bishop is a bishop who is also the civil ruler of some secular principality and sovereignty.
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Prince-elector
The prince-electors (or simply electors) of the Holy Roman Empire (Kurfürst, pl. Kurfürsten, Kurfiřt, Princeps Elector) were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Privy council
A privy council is a body that advises the head of state of a nation, typically, but not always, in the context of a monarchic government.
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Protestant Union
The Protestant Union (Protestantische Union), also known as the Evangelical Union, Union of Auhausen, German Union or as the Protestant Action Party, was a coalition of Protestant German states that was formed on May 14th, 1608 by Calvinist Frederick IV, Elector Palatine in order to defend the rights, lands and person of each member.
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Regent
A regent (from the Latin regens: ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state because the monarch is a minor, is absent or is incapacitated.
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Relic
In religion, a relic usually consists of the physical remains of a saint or the personal effects of the saint or venerated person preserved for purposes of veneration as a tangible memorial.
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Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice (Repubblica di Venezia, later: Repubblica Veneta; Repùblica de Venèsia, later: Repùblica Vèneta), traditionally known as La Serenissima (Most Serene Republic of Venice) (Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia; Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta), was a sovereign state and maritime republic in northeastern Italy, which existed for a millennium between the 8th century and the 18th century.
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Rhenen
Rhenen is a municipality and a city in the central Netherlands.
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Rhine
--> The Rhine (Rhenus, Rein, Rhein, le Rhin,, Italiano: Reno, Rijn) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Liechtenstein, Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the German Rhineland and the Netherlands and eventually empties into the North Sea.
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Rhineland
The Rhineland (Rheinland, Rhénanie) is the name used for a loosely defined area of Western Germany along the Rhine, chiefly its middle section.
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Rhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz) is one of the 16 states (Bundesländer) of the Federal Republic of Germany.
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Rokycany
Rokycany (Rokitzan) is a town in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic.
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Rothenburg ob der Tauber
Rothenburg ob der Tauber is a town in the district of Ansbach of Mittelfranken (Middle Franconia), the Franconia region of Bavaria, Germany.
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Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
Rudolf II (18 July 1552 – 20 January 1612) was Holy Roman Emperor (1576–1612), King of Hungary and Croatia (as Rudolf I, 1572–1608), King of Bohemia (1575–1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria (1576–1608).
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Salomon de Caus
Salomon de Caus (1576, Dieppe – 1626, Paris) was a French Huguenot engineer, once (falsely) credited with the development of the steam engine.
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Sedan, Ardennes
Sedan is a commune in the Ardennes department and Grand Est region of north-eastern France.
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Siege of Heidelberg (1622)
The Siege of Heidelberg or the Imperial-Spanish capture of Heildelberg took place from 23 July to 19 September 1622, at Heidelberg, Electorate of the Palatinate, between the Imperial-Spanish army led by Johan Tzerclaes, Count of Tilly and Don Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba against the Anglo-Protestant forces of Frederick V, Elector Palatine, commanded by Sir Gerard Herbert and Sir Horace Vere during the Palatinate campaign, in the context of the Thirty Years' War.
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Siege of Pilsen
The Siege of Pilsen (or Plzeň) or Battle of Pilsen was a siege of the fortified city of Pilsen (Plzeň) in Bohemia carried out by the forces of the Bohemian Protestants led by Ernst von Mansfeld.
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Silesia
Silesia (Śląsk; Slezsko;; Silesian German: Schläsing; Silesian: Ślůnsk; Šlazyńska; Šleska; Silesia) is a region of Central Europe located mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany.
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Slaný
The Royal town of Slaný (Schlan) is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic, located about 25 km northwest of Prague.
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Society of Jesus
The Society of Jesus (SJ – from Societas Iesu) is a scholarly religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain.
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Sokolov, Czech Republic
Sokolov, Falknov nad Ohří until 1948 (Falkenau an der Eger) is a town in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic, located to the northeast of Cheb.
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Sophia of Hanover
Sophia of Hanover (born Sophia of the Palatinate; 14 October 1630 – 8 June 1714) was the Electress of Hanover from 1692 to 1698.
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Spanish Empire
The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español; Imperium Hispanicum), historically known as the Hispanic Monarchy (Monarquía Hispánica) and as the Catholic Monarchy (Monarquía Católica) was one of the largest empires in history.
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Spanish match
The Spanish Match was a proposed marriage between Prince Charles, the son of King James I of Great Britain, and Infanta Maria Anna of Spain, the daughter of Philip III of Spain.
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Spanish Netherlands
Spanish Netherlands (Países Bajos Españoles; Spaanse Nederlanden; Pays-Bas espagnols, Spanische Niederlande) was the collective name of States of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries, held in personal union by the Spanish Crown (also called Habsburg Spain) from 1556 to 1714.
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Spanish treasure fleet
The Spanish treasure fleet, or West Indies Fleet from Spanish Flota de Indias, also called silver fleet or plate fleet (from the Spanish plata meaning "silver"), was a convoy system adopted by the Spanish Empire from 1566 to 1790, linking Spain with its territories in America across the Atlantic.
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St. Vitus Cathedral
The Metropolitan Cathedral of Saints Vitus, Wenceslaus and Adalbert (metropolitní katedrála svatého Víta, Václava a Vojtěcha) is a Roman Catholic metropolitan cathedral in Prague, the seat of the Archbishop of Prague.
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Susanna of Bavaria
Susanna of Bavaria (2 April 1502 – 23 April 1543) was a German noblewoman.
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Sweden
Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.
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The Hague
The Hague (Den Haag,, short for 's-Gravenhage) is a city on the western coast of the Netherlands and the capital of the province of South Holland.
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The Masque of the Inner Temple and Gray's Inn
The Masque of the Inner Temple and Gray's Inn is an English masque created in the Jacobean period.
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The Memorable Masque of the Middle Temple and Lincoln's Inn
The Memorable Masque of the Middle Temple and Lincoln's Inn was a Jacobean era masque, written by George Chapman, and with costumes, sets, and stage effects designed by Inigo Jones.
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Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was a war fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648.
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Treaty of Ulm (1620)
The Treaty of Ulm (Ulmer Vertrag) was signed on 3 July 1620 between representatives of the Catholic League and the Protestant Union.
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Twelve Years' Truce
The Twelve Years' Truce was the name given to the cessation of hostilities between the Habsburg rulers of Spain and the Southern Netherlands and the Dutch Republic as agreed in Antwerp on 9 April 1609 (coinciding with the Royal Decree of Expulsion of the Moriscos).
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Upper Austria
Upper Austria (Oberösterreich; Austro-Bavarian: Obaöstarreich; Horní Rakousy) is one of the nine states or Bundesländer of Austria.
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Upper Palatinate
The Upper Palatinate (Oberpfalz) is one of the seven administrative districts of Bavaria, Germany, located in the east of Bavaria.
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Upper Saxon Circle
The Upper Saxon Circle (Obersächsischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire, created in 1512.
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Usurper
A usurper is an illegitimate or controversial claimant to power, often but not always in a monarchy.
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Utraquism
Utraquism (from the Latin sub utraque specie, meaning "in both kinds") or Calixtinism (from chalice; Latin: calix, mug, borrowed from Greek kalyx, shell, husk; Czech: kališníci) was a principal dogma of the Hussites and one of the Four Articles of Prague.
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Vilém Slavata of Chlum
Vilém Slavata z Chlumu a Košumberka (1 December 1572 – 19 January 1652) was a Czech nobleman from old Bohemian family.
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Waldsassen
Waldsassen is a town in the district of Tirschenreuth in the Upper Palatinate region of Bavaria.
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Weiden in der Oberpfalz
Weiden in der Oberpfalz (official name: Weiden i.d.OPf.) is a district-free city in Bavaria, Germany.
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Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia
(Saint) Wenceslaus I (Václav; c. 907 – September 28, 935), Wenceslas I or Václav the Good was the duke (kníže) of Bohemia from 921 until his assassination in 935.
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William I, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg
William I, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg (nicknamed William the Rich,; 10 April 1487 – 6 October 1559) was a count of Nassau-Dillenburg from the House of Nassau.
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William II, Landgrave of Hesse
William II (29 April 1469 – 11 July 1509) was Landgrave of Lower Hesse from 1493 and Landgrave of Upper Hesse after the death of his cousin, William III, Landgrave of Upper Hesse in 1500.
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William the Silent
William I, Prince of Orange (24 April 1533 – 10 July 1584), also widely known as William the Silent or William the Taciturn (translated from Willem de Zwijger), or more commonly known as William of Orange (Willem van Oranje), was the main leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish Habsburgs that set off the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) and resulted in the formal independence of the United Provinces in 1581.
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Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg
Wolfgang Wilhelm (4 November 1578 in Neuburg an der Donau – 14 September 1653 in Düsseldorf) was a German Prince.
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Wrocław
Wrocław (Breslau; Vratislav; Vratislavia) is the largest city in western Poland.
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Redirects here:
Frederick V of Bohemia, Frederick V of Pfalz, Frederick V, Elector Palatine, Frederick V, Elector of the Palatinate, Frederick V, elector palatine, Frederick V, the Winter King, Frederick of Paltinate, Frederick the Winter King, Frederik V van de Palts, Fridrich V, the Winter King, Friedrich V von der Pfalz, Friedrich V, Elector Palatine, The Winter King, Winter King.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_V_of_the_Palatinate
