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Geonim

Index Geonim

Geonim (גאונים;; also transliterated Gaonim, singular Gaon) were the presidents of the two great Babylonian Talmudic Academies of Sura and Pumbedita, in the Abbasid Caliphate. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 53 relations: Abbasid Caliphate, Adar, Ahai of Shabha, Amoraim, Amram ben Sheshna, Aramaic, Biblical Hebrew, Buyid dynasty, Cairo Geniza, Chananel ben Chushiel, Constantinople, Dodai ben Nahman, Elul, Exilarch, Gaon (Hebrew), Hai ben Sherira, Halachot Pesukot, Halakha, Hebrew calendar, Hebrew language, Hezekiah ben David, Israel Moses Hazan, Jewish philosophy, Jewish Virtual Library, Kairouan, Louis Ginzberg, Maimonides, Middle Ages, Mishnah, Nissim ben Jacob, Pumbedita Academy, Rabbinic literature, Responsa, Rishonim, Romanization of Hebrew, Rosh yeshiva, Saadia Gaon, Samuel ben Hofni, Sanhedrin, Savoraim, Semikhah, She'iltot, Sherira ben Hanina, Siddur, Simeon Kayyara, Sura Academy, Talmud, Talmudic academies in Babylonia, The Book of Beliefs and Opinions, Thessaloniki, ... Expand index (3 more) »

  2. Rabbis by rabbinical period

Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire (translit) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

See Geonim and Abbasid Caliphate

Adar

Adar (Hebrew:,; from Akkadian adaru) is the sixth month of the civil year and the twelfth month of the religious year on the Hebrew calendar, roughly corresponding to the month of March in the Gregorian calendar.

See Geonim and Adar

Ahai of Shabha

Achai Gaon (also known as Ahai of Shabḥa or Aha of Shabḥa, Hebrew: רב אחא משַׁבָּחָא) was a leading scholar during the period of the Geonim, an 8th-century Talmudist of high renown.

See Geonim and Ahai of Shabha

Amoraim

Amoraim (אמוראים, singular Amora אמורא; "those who say" or "those who speak over the people", or "spokesmen") refers to Jewish scholars of the period from about 200 to 500 CE, who "said" or "told over" the teachings of the Oral Torah. Geonim and Amoraim are rabbis by rabbinical period.

See Geonim and Amoraim

Amram ben Sheshna

Amram bar Sheshna or Amram Gaon (עמרם בר ששנא or עמרם גאון; died 875) was a gaon or head of the Academy of Sura in Lower Mesopotamia in the ninth century.

See Geonim and Amram ben Sheshna

Aramaic

Aramaic (ˀərāmiṯ; arāmāˀiṯ) is a Northwest Semitic language that originated in the ancient region of Syria and quickly spread to Mesopotamia, the southern Levant, southeastern Anatolia, Eastern Arabia and the Sinai Peninsula, where it has been continually written and spoken in different varieties for over three thousand years.

See Geonim and Aramaic

Biblical Hebrew

Biblical Hebrew (rtl ʿīḇrîṯ miqrāʾîṯ or rtl ləšôn ham-miqrāʾ), also called Classical Hebrew, is an archaic form of the Hebrew language, a language in the Canaanitic branch of the Semitic languages spoken by the Israelites in the area known as the Land of Israel, roughly west of the Jordan River and east of the Mediterranean Sea.

See Geonim and Biblical Hebrew

Buyid dynasty

The Buyid dynasty (Âl-i Bōya), also spelled Buwayhid (Al-Buwayhiyyah), was a Zaydi and, later, Twelver Shia dynasty of Daylamite origin, which mainly ruled over central and southern Iran and Iraq from 934 to 1062.

See Geonim and Buyid dynasty

Cairo Geniza

The Cairo Geniza, alternatively spelled the Cairo Genizah, is a collection of some 400,000 Jewish manuscript fragments and Fatimid administrative documents that were kept in the genizah or storeroom of the Ben Ezra Synagogue in Fustat or Old Cairo, Egypt.

See Geonim and Cairo Geniza

Chananel ben Chushiel

Chananel ben Chushiel or Ḥananel ben Ḥushiel (חננאל בן חושיאל), an 11th-century Kairouanan rabbi and Talmudist, was in close contact with the last Geonim.

See Geonim and Chananel ben Chushiel

Constantinople

Constantinople (see other names) became the capital of the Roman Empire during the reign of Constantine the Great in 330.

See Geonim and Constantinople

Dodai ben Nahman

Dodai ben Nahman (Hebrew: דודאי בן נחמן or Rav Dorai, Hebrew: רב דוראי) was a Babylonian-Jewish scholar of the 8th century and gaon of the Talmudic academy at Pumbedita (761–764).

See Geonim and Dodai ben Nahman

Elul

Elul (Hebrew:, Standard, Tiberian) is the twelfth month of the civil year and the sixth month of the religious year in the Hebrew calendar.

See Geonim and Elul

Exilarch

The exilarch was the leader of the Jewish community in Persian Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) during the era of the Parthians, Sasanians and Abbasid Caliphate up until the Mongol invasion of Baghdad in 1258, with intermittent gaps due to ongoing political developments.

See Geonim and Exilarch

Gaon (Hebrew)

Gaon (גאון, gā'ōn,, plural geonim,, gĕ'ōnīm) may have originated as a shortened version of "Rosh Yeshivat Ge'on Ya'akov", although there are alternative explanations.

See Geonim and Gaon (Hebrew)

Hai ben Sherira

Hai ben Sherira (Hebrew: האיי בר שרירא) better known as Hai Gaon (Hebrew: האיי גאון), was a medieval Jewish theologian, rabbi and scholar who served as Gaon of the Talmudic academy of Pumbedita during the early 11th century.

See Geonim and Hai ben Sherira

Halachot Pesukot

Halachot Pesukot is a rabbinic work written by Yehudai Gaon in the geonic era, containing chapters on common Jewish halachic themes.

See Geonim and Halachot Pesukot

Halakha

Halakha (translit), also transliterated as halacha, halakhah, and halocho, is the collective body of Jewish religious laws that are derived from the Written and Oral Torah.

See Geonim and Halakha

Hebrew calendar

The Hebrew calendar (translit), also called the Jewish calendar, is a lunisolar calendar used today for Jewish religious observance and as an official calendar of Israel.

See Geonim and Hebrew calendar

Hebrew language

Hebrew (ʿÎbrit) is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family.

See Geonim and Hebrew language

Hezekiah ben David

Hezekiah Gaon or Hezekiah ben David (חזקיה בן דוד) was the last Gaon of the Talmudic academy in Pumbedita from 1038–1040.

See Geonim and Hezekiah ben David

Israel Moses Hazan

Israel Moses Hazan (1808 October 1862 in Beirut) was a Sephardic rabbi from Smyrna.

See Geonim and Israel Moses Hazan

Jewish philosophy

Jewish philosophy includes all philosophy carried out by Jews, or in relation to the religion of Judaism.

See Geonim and Jewish philosophy

Jewish Virtual Library

The Jewish Virtual Library (JVL, formerly known as JSOURCE) is an online encyclopedia published by the American foreign policy analyst Mitchell Bard's non-profit organization American–Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE).

See Geonim and Jewish Virtual Library

Kairouan

Kairouan, also spelled El Qayrawān or Kairwan (al-Qayrawān, Qeirwān), is the capital of the Kairouan Governorate in Tunisia and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

See Geonim and Kairouan

Louis Ginzberg

Louis Ginzberg (לוי גינצבורג, Levy Gintzburg; Леви Гинцберг, Levy Ginzberg; November 28, 1873 – November 11, 1953) was a Russian-born American rabbi and Talmudic scholar of Lithuanian-Jewish descent, contributing editor to numerous articles of The Jewish Encyclopedia (1906), and leading figure in the Conservative movement of Judaism during the early 20th century.

See Geonim and Louis Ginzberg

Maimonides

Moses ben Maimon (1138–1204), commonly known as Maimonides and also referred to by the Hebrew acronym Rambam (רמב״ם), was a Sephardic rabbi and philosopher who became one of the most prolific and influential Torah scholars of the Middle Ages.

See Geonim and Maimonides

Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.

See Geonim and Middle Ages

Mishnah

The Mishnah or the Mishna (מִשְׁנָה, "study by repetition", from the verb shanah, or "to study and review", also "secondary") is the first major written collection of the Jewish oral traditions that are known as the Oral Torah.

See Geonim and Mishnah

Nissim ben Jacob

Nissim ben Jacob (ניסים בן יעקב), also known as Nissim Gaon (Our teacher Nissim the Gaon; 990–1062), was a rabbi and Gaon best known today for his Talmudic commentary ha-Mafteach, by which title he is also known.

See Geonim and Nissim ben Jacob

Pumbedita Academy

Pumbedita Academy or Pumbedita Yeshiva (ישיבת פומבדיתא; sometimes Pumbeditha, Pumpedita, Pumbedisa) was a yeshiva in present-day Iraq, called Babylon, during the era of the Amoraim and Geonim sages.

See Geonim and Pumbedita Academy

Rabbinic literature

Rabbinic literature, in its broadest sense, is the entire spectrum of works authored by rabbis throughout Jewish history.

See Geonim and Rabbinic literature

Responsa

Responsa (plural of Latin responsum, 'answer') comprise a body of written decisions and rulings given by legal scholars in response to questions addressed to them.

See Geonim and Responsa

Rishonim

Rishonim (the first ones; sing. ראשון, Rishon) were the leading rabbis and poskim who lived approximately during the 11th to 15th centuries, in the era before the writing of the Shulchan Aruch (שׁוּלחָן עָרוּך, "Set Table", a common printed code of Jewish law, 1563 CE) and following the Geonim (589–1038 CE). Geonim and Rishonim are rabbis by rabbinical period.

See Geonim and Rishonim

Romanization of Hebrew

The Hebrew language uses the Hebrew alphabet with optional vowel diacritics.

See Geonim and Romanization of Hebrew

Rosh yeshiva

Rosh yeshiva (ראש ישיבה, pl. ראשי ישיבה,; Anglicized pl. rosh yeshivas) is the title given to the dean of a yeshiva, a Jewish educational institution that focuses on the study of traditional religious texts, primarily the Talmud and the Torah, and halakha (Jewish law).

See Geonim and Rosh yeshiva

Saadia Gaon

Saʿadia ben Yosef Gaon (882/892 – 942) was a prominent rabbi, gaon, Jewish philosopher, and exegete who was active in the Abbasid Caliphate.

See Geonim and Saadia Gaon

Samuel ben Hofni

Samuel ben Hofni (שמואל בן חפני; died 1034; abbreviation: הרשב״ח "The Rashbaḥ") was the gaon of Sura Academy in Mesopotamia ("Babylonia") from 998 to 1012.

See Geonim and Samuel ben Hofni

Sanhedrin

The Sanhedrin (Hebrew and Middle Aramaic סַנְהֶדְרִין, a loanword from synedrion, 'assembly,' 'sitting together,' hence 'assembly' or 'council') was a legislative and judicial assembly of either 23 or 71 elders, existing at both a local and central level in the ancient Land of Israel.

See Geonim and Sanhedrin

Savoraim

Savora (Aramaic: סבורא, "a reasoner", plural Savora'im, Sabora'im, סבוראים) is a term used in Jewish law and history to signify one among the leading rabbis living from the end of period of the Amoraim (around 500 CE) to the beginning of the Geonim (around 600 CE). Geonim and Savoraim are rabbis by rabbinical period.

See Geonim and Savoraim

Semikhah

Semikhah (סמיכה) is the traditional Jewish name for rabbinic ordination.

See Geonim and Semikhah

She'iltot

She'iltot of Rav Achai Gaon, also known as Sheiltot de-Rav Ahai, or simply She'iltot (שאלתות), is a rabbinic halakhic work composed in the 8th century by Ahai of Shabha (variants: Aḥa of Shabha; Acha of Shabcha), during the geonic period.

See Geonim and She'iltot

Sherira ben Hanina

Sherira bar Hanina (Hebrew: שרירא בר חנינא) more commonly known as Sherira Gaon (Hebrew: שרירא גאון; c. 906 – c. 1006) was the gaon of the Academy of Pumbeditha.

See Geonim and Sherira ben Hanina

Siddur

A siddur (סִדּוּר sīddūr,; plural siddurim סִדּוּרִים) is a Jewish prayer book containing a set order of daily prayers.

See Geonim and Siddur

Simeon Kayyara

Simeon Kayyara, also spelled Shimon Kiara (Hebrew: שמעון קיירא), was a Jewish-Babylonian halakhist of the first half of the 8th century.

See Geonim and Simeon Kayyara

Sura Academy

Sura Academy (ישיבת סורא) was a Jewish yeshiva located in Sura in what is now southern Iraq, a region known in Jewish texts as "Babylonia".

See Geonim and Sura Academy

Talmud

The Talmud (תַּלְמוּד|Talmūḏ|teaching) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (halakha) and Jewish theology.

See Geonim and Talmud

Talmudic academies in Babylonia

The Talmudic academies in Babylonia, also known as the Geonic academies, were the center for Jewish scholarship and the development of Halakha from roughly 589 to 1038 CE (Hebrew dates: 4349 AM to 4798 AM) in what is called "Babylonia" in Jewish sources, at the time otherwise known as Asōristān (under the Sasanian Empire) or Iraq (under the Muslim caliphate until the 11th century).

See Geonim and Talmudic academies in Babylonia

The Book of Beliefs and Opinions

The Book of Beliefs and Opinions (translit) is a book written by Saadia Gaon (completed 933) which is the first systematic presentation and philosophic foundation of the dogmas of Judaism.

See Geonim and The Book of Beliefs and Opinions

Thessaloniki

Thessaloniki (Θεσσαλονίκη), also known as Thessalonica, Saloniki, Salonika, or Salonica, is the second-largest city in Greece, with slightly over one million inhabitants in its metropolitan area, and the capital of the geographic region of Macedonia, the administrative region of Central Macedonia and the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace.

See Geonim and Thessaloniki

Torah

The Torah (תּוֹרָה, "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy.

See Geonim and Torah

Yehudai ben Nahman

Yehudai ben Nahman (or Yehudai Gaon; Hebrew: יהודאי גאון, sometimes: Yehudai b. Nahman) was the head of the yeshiva in Sura from 757 to 761, during the Gaonic period of Judaism.

See Geonim and Yehudai ben Nahman

Yeshiva

A yeshiva or jeshibah (ישיבה||sitting; pl. ישיבות, or) is a traditional Jewish educational institution focused on the study of Rabbinic literature, primarily the Talmud and halacha (Jewish law), while Torah and Jewish philosophy are studied in parallel.

See Geonim and Yeshiva

See also

Rabbis by rabbinical period

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geonim

Also known as Gaonate, Gaonic, Gaonim, Geonic, Geonic Academics, Geonic period.

, Torah, Yehudai ben Nahman, Yeshiva.