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73 relations: Academic Press, Advection, Atmosphere, Atmospheric circulation, Baroclinity, Barotropic fluid, Boundary current, Boussinesq approximation (buoyancy), Buoyancy, Chemocline, Circulation (fluid dynamics), Conservation of energy, Coriolis force, Cyclone, Diffusion, Dynamo theory, Earth, Earth's magnetic field, Ekman layer, Ekman spiral, Exosphere, Geodynamics, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Geostrophic current, Geostrophic wind, Gravitational acceleration, Gravity wave, Halocline, Hydrostatic equilibrium, Incompressible flow, Internal wave, Kelvin wave, Kelvin's circulation theorem, Lagrangian and Eulerian specification of the flow field, Magnetosphere, Mantle (geology), Mesosphere, Natural convection, Navier–Stokes equations, Newton's laws of motion, Newtonian fluid, Ocean current, Ocean dynamics, Outer core, Oxford University Press, Planet, Pycnocline, Rossby wave, Rotating reference frame, Salinity, ..., Seawater, Shear stress, Shock wave, Sound, Springer Science+Business Media, Stratification (water), Stratosphere, Subsurface currents, Sverdrup balance, Sverdrup wave, Taylor–Proudman theorem, Thermal conduction, Thermal wind, Thermocline, Thermohaline circulation, Thermosphere, Tropics, Troposphere, University of Washington, Viscosity, Vorticity equation, Water vapor, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Expand index (23 more) »
Academic Press
Academic Press is an academic book publisher.
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Advection
In the field of physics, engineering, and earth sciences, advection is the transport of a substance by bulk motion.
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Atmosphere
An atmosphere is a layer or a set of layers of gases surrounding a planet or other material body, that is held in place by the gravity of that body.
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Atmospheric circulation
Atmospheric circulation is the large-scale movement of air, and together with ocean circulation is the means by which thermal energy is redistributed on the surface of the Earth.
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Baroclinity
In fluid dynamics, the baroclinity (often called baroclinicity) of a stratified fluid is a measure of how misaligned the gradient of pressure is from the gradient of density in a fluid.
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Barotropic fluid
In fluid dynamics, a barotropic fluid is a fluid whose density is a function of pressure only.
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Boundary current
Boundary currents are ocean currents with dynamics determined by the presence of a coastline, and fall into two distinct categories: western boundary currents and eastern boundary currents.
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Boussinesq approximation (buoyancy)
In fluid dynamics, the Boussinesq approximation (named for Joseph Valentin Boussinesq) is used in the field of buoyancy-driven flow (also known as natural convection).
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Buoyancy
In physics, buoyancy or upthrust, is an upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an immersed object.
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Chemocline
A chemocline is a cline caused by a strong, vertical chemistry gradient within a body of water.
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Circulation (fluid dynamics)
In fluid dynamics, circulation is the line integral around a closed curve of the velocity field.
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Conservation of energy
In physics, the law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant, it is said to be ''conserved'' over time.
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Coriolis force
In physics, the Coriolis force is an inertial force that acts on objects that are in motion relative to a rotating reference frame.
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Cyclone
In meteorology, a cyclone is a large scale air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure.
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Diffusion
Diffusion is the net movement of molecules or atoms from a region of high concentration (or high chemical potential) to a region of low concentration (or low chemical potential) as a result of random motion of the molecules or atoms.
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Dynamo theory
In physics, the dynamo theory proposes a mechanism by which a celestial body such as Earth or a star generates a magnetic field.
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Earth
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.
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Earth's magnetic field
Earth's magnetic field, also known as the geomagnetic field, is the magnetic field that extends from the Earth's interior out into space, where it meets the solar wind, a stream of charged particles emanating from the Sun.
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Ekman layer
The Ekman layer is the layer in a fluid where there is a force balance between pressure gradient force, Coriolis force and turbulent drag.
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Ekman spiral
The Ekman spiral is a structure of currents or winds near a horizontal boundary in which the flow direction rotates as one moves away from the boundary.
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Exosphere
The exosphere (ἔξω éxō "outside, external, beyond", σφαῖρα sphaĩra "sphere") is a thin, atmosphere-like volume surrounding a planet or natural satellite where molecules are gravitationally bound to that body, but where the density is too low for them to behave as a gas by colliding with each other.
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Geodynamics
Geodynamics is a subfield of geophysics dealing with dynamics of the Earth.
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Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
The Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) is a laboratory in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR).
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Geostrophic current
A geostrophic current is an oceanic flow in which the pressure gradient force is balanced by the Coriolis effect.
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Geostrophic wind
The geostrophic wind is the theoretical wind that would result from an exact balance between the Coriolis force and the pressure gradient force.
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Gravitational acceleration
In physics, gravitational acceleration is the acceleration on an object caused by the force of gravitation.
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Gravity wave
In fluid dynamics, gravity waves are waves generated in a fluid medium or at the interface between two media when the force of gravity or buoyancy tries to restore equilibrium.
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Halocline
In oceanography, a halocline (from Greek hals, halo- ‘salt’ and klinein ‘to slope’) is a subtype of chemocline caused by a strong, vertical salinity gradient within a body of water.
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Hydrostatic equilibrium
In fluid mechanics, a fluid is said to be in hydrostatic equilibrium or hydrostatic balance when it is at rest, or when the flow velocity at each point is constant over time.
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Incompressible flow
In fluid mechanics or more generally continuum mechanics, incompressible flow (isochoric flow) refers to a flow in which the material density is constant within a fluid parcel—an infinitesimal volume that moves with the flow velocity.
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Internal wave
Internal waves are gravity waves that oscillate within a fluid medium, rather than on its surface.
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Kelvin wave
A Kelvin wave is a wave in the ocean or atmosphere that balances the Earth's Coriolis force against a topographic boundary such as a coastline, or a waveguide such as the equator.
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Kelvin's circulation theorem
In fluid mechanics, Kelvin's circulation theorem (named after William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin who published it in 1869) states In a barotropic ideal fluid with conservative body forces, the circulation around a closed curve (which encloses the same fluid elements) moving with the fluid remains constant with time.
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Lagrangian and Eulerian specification of the flow field
In classical field theory the Lagrangian specification of the field is a way of looking at fluid motion where the observer follows an individual fluid parcel as it moves through space and time.
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Magnetosphere
A magnetosphere is the region of space surrounding an astronomical object in which charged particles are manipulated or affected by that object's magnetic field.
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Mantle (geology)
The mantle is a layer inside a terrestrial planet and some other rocky planetary bodies.
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Mesosphere
The mesosphere (from Greek mesos "middle" and sphaira "sphere") is the layer of the Earth's atmosphere that is directly above the stratosphere and directly below the thermosphere.
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Natural convection
Natural convection is a mechanism, or type of heat transport, in which the fluid motion is not generated by any external source (like a pump, fan, suction device, etc.) but only by density differences in the fluid occurring due to temperature gradients.
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Navier–Stokes equations
In physics, the Navier–Stokes equations, named after Claude-Louis Navier and George Gabriel Stokes, describe the motion of viscous fluid substances.
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Newton's laws of motion
Newton's laws of motion are three physical laws that, together, laid the foundation for classical mechanics.
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Newtonian fluid
In continuum mechanics, a Newtonian fluid is a fluid in which the viscous stresses arising from its flow, at every point, are linearly proportional to the local strain rate—the rate of change of its deformation over time.
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Ocean current
An ocean current is a seasonal directed movement of sea water generated by forces acting upon this mean flow, such as wind, the Coriolis effect, breaking waves, cabbing, temperature and salinity differences, while tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon.
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Ocean dynamics
Ocean dynamics define and describe the motion of water within the oceans.
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Outer core
The outer core of the Earth is a fluid layer about thick and composed of mostly iron and nickel that lies above Earth's solid inner core and below its mantle.
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Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.
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Planet
A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals.
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Pycnocline
A pycnocline is the cline or layer where the density gradient is greatest within a body of water.
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Rossby wave
Rossby waves, also known as planetary waves, are a natural phenomenon in the atmospheres and oceans of planets that largely owe their properties to rotation of the planet.
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Rotating reference frame
A rotating frame of reference is a special case of a non-inertial reference frame that is rotating relative to an inertial reference frame.
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Salinity
Salinity is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water (see also soil salinity).
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Seawater
Seawater, or salt water, is water from a sea or ocean.
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Shear stress
A shear stress, often denoted by (Greek: tau), is the component of stress coplanar with a material cross section.
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Shock wave
In physics, a shock wave (also spelled shockwave), or shock, is a type of propagating disturbance.
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Sound
In physics, sound is a vibration that typically propagates as an audible wave of pressure, through a transmission medium such as a gas, liquid or solid.
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Springer Science+Business Media
Springer Science+Business Media or Springer, part of Springer Nature since 2015, is a global publishing company that publishes books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing.
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Stratification (water)
Water stratification is when water masses with different properties - salinity (halocline), oxygenation (chemocline), density (pycnocline), temperature (thermocline) - form layers that act as barriers to water mixing which could lead to anoxia or euxinia.
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Stratosphere
The stratosphere is the second major layer of Earth's atmosphere, just above the troposphere, and below the mesosphere.
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Subsurface currents
A subsurface current is an oceanic current that runs beneath surface currents.
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Sverdrup balance
The Sverdrup balance, or Sverdrup relation, is a theoretical relationship between the wind stress exerted on the surface of the open ocean and the vertically integrated meridional (north-south) transport of ocean water.
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Sverdrup wave
A Sverdrup wave (also known as Poincaré wave, or rotational gravity wave Kundu, P. K., and L. M. Cohen. "Fluid mechanics, 638 pp." Academic, Calif (1990).) is a wave in the ocean, which is affected by gravity and Earth's rotation (see Coriolis effect).
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Taylor–Proudman theorem
In fluid mechanics, the Taylor–Proudman theorem (after Geoffrey Ingram Taylor and Joseph Proudman) states that when a solid body is moved slowly within a fluid that is steadily rotated with a high angular velocity \Omega, the fluid velocity will be uniform along any line parallel to the axis of rotation.
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Thermal conduction
Thermal conduction is the transfer of heat (internal energy) by microscopic collisions of particles and movement of electrons within a body.
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Thermal wind
The thermal wind is wind that varies with height due to a balance between the Coriolis and pressure-gradient forces in the atmosphere.
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Thermocline
A thermocline (also known as the thermal layer or the metalimnion in lakes) is a thin but distinct layer in a large body of fluid (e.g. water, such as an ocean or lake) or air (such as an atmosphere) in which temperature changes more rapidly with depth than it does in the layers above or below.
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Thermohaline circulation
Thermohaline circulation (THC) is a part of the large-scale ocean circulation that is driven by global density gradients created by surface heat and freshwater fluxes.
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Thermosphere
The thermosphere is the layer of the Earth's atmosphere directly above the mesosphere and below the exosphere.
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Tropics
The tropics are a region of the Earth surrounding the Equator.
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Troposphere
The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, and is also where nearly all weather conditions take place.
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University of Washington
The University of Washington (commonly referred to as UW, simply Washington, or informally U-Dub) is a public research university in Seattle, Washington.
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Viscosity
The viscosity of a fluid is the measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress.
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Vorticity equation
The vorticity equation of fluid dynamics describes evolution of the vorticity of a particle of a fluid as it moves with its flow, that is, the local rotation of the fluid (in terms of vector calculus this is the curl of the flow velocity).
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Water vapor
No description.
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Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI, acronym pronounced) is a private, nonprofit research and higher education facility dedicated to the study of all aspects of marine science and engineering and to the education of marine researchers.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geophysical_fluid_dynamics
