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885 relations: Abdication, Abitur, Academy Award for Best International Feature Film, ADAC Motorwelt, Adidas, Adolf Hitler, Adolf Hitler's rise to power, Advent wreath, Afghanistan, Age of Enlightenment, Agriculture in Germany, Ahmadiyya, Aktion T4, Albrecht Dürer, Alevism, All-time Olympic Games medal table, Alliance 90/The Greens, Allianz, Allied-occupied Germany, Allies of World War I, Allies of World War II, Alpine folk music, Alps, Alternative for Germany, Analytic philosophy, Angela Merkel, Anschluss, Arabic, Archaeology of Northern Europe, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, Arminius, Armistice, Armistice of 11 November 1918, Art Deco, Art of Europe, Arthur Schopenhauer, Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Atlanticism, Audi, Augustus, Austria, Austria-Hungary, Austrian Empire, Austro-Prussian rivalry, Austro-Prussian War, Autobahn, Automotive industry in Germany, Axel Springer SE, Babelsberg Studio, Baden-Württemberg, ... Expand index (835 more) »
- 1990 establishments in Europe
- Countries and territories where German is an official language
- Federal republics
- G20 members
- Member states of NATO
- Member states of the European Union
- Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean
- OECD members
- States and territories established in 1871
- States and territories established in 1949
- Western European countries
Abdication
Abdication is the act of formally relinquishing monarchical authority.
Abitur
Abitur, often shortened colloquially to Abi, is a qualification granted at the end of secondary education in Germany.
Academy Award for Best International Feature Film
The Academy Award for Best International Feature Film (known as Best Foreign Language Film prior to 2020) is one of the Academy Awards handed out annually by the U.S.-based Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS).
See Germany and Academy Award for Best International Feature Film
ADAC Motorwelt
ADAC Motorwelt (ADAC Motoring) is an automobile and travel magazine published in Munich, Germany.
See Germany and ADAC Motorwelt
Adidas
Adidas AG (stylized in all lowercase since 1949) is a German athletic apparel and footwear corporation headquartered in Herzogenaurach, Bavaria, Germany.
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945.
Adolf Hitler's rise to power
Adolf Hitler's rise to power began in the newly established Weimar Republic in September 1919 when Hitler joined the Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (DAP; German Workers' Party).
See Germany and Adolf Hitler's rise to power
Advent wreath
The Advent wreath, or Advent crown, is a Christian tradition that symbolizes the passage of the four weeks of Advent in the liturgical calendar of the Western church.
Afghanistan
Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Germany and Afghanistan are member states of the United Nations.
Age of Enlightenment
The Age of Enlightenment (also the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment) was the intellectual and philosophical movement that occurred in Europe in the 17th and the 18th centuries.
See Germany and Age of Enlightenment
Agriculture in Germany
In 2021, Germany was the third largest importer and exporter of consumer oriented agricultural products worldwide, and by far the most important European market for foreign producers.
See Germany and Agriculture in Germany
Ahmadiyya
Ahmadiyya, officially the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at (AMJ) is an Islamic messianic movement originating in British India in the late 19th century. It was founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835–1908), who said he had been divinely appointed as both the Promised Mahdi (Guided One) and Messiah expected by Muslims to appear towards the end times and bring about, by peaceful means, the final triumph of Islam; as well as to embody, in this capacity, the expected eschatological figure of other major religious traditions.
Aktion T4
Aktion T4 (German) was a campaign of mass murder by involuntary euthanasia in Nazi Germany.
Albrecht Dürer
Albrecht Dürer (21 May 1471 – 6 April 1528),Müller, Peter O. (1993) Substantiv-Derivation in Den Schriften Albrecht Dürers, Walter de Gruyter.
See Germany and Albrecht Dürer
Alevism
Alevism (Alevilik;; Ələvilik) is a heterodox and syncretic Islamic tradition, whose adherents follow the mystical Islamic teachings of Haji Bektash Veli, who supposedly taught the teachings of the Twelve Imams, whilst incorporating some traditions from Tengrism.
All-time Olympic Games medal table
The all-time medal table for all Olympic Games from 1896 to 2022, including Summer Olympic Games, Winter Olympic Games, and a combined total of both, is tabulated below.
See Germany and All-time Olympic Games medal table
Alliance 90/The Greens
Alliance 90/The Greens (Bündnis 90/Die Grünen), often simply referred to as Greens (Grüne), is a green political party in Germany.
See Germany and Alliance 90/The Greens
Allianz
Allianz SE is a German multinational financial services company headquartered in Munich, Germany.
Allied-occupied Germany
The entirety of Germany was occupied and administered by the Allies of World War II from the Berlin Declaration on 5 June 1945 to the establishment of West Germany on 23 May 1949.
See Germany and Allied-occupied Germany
Allies of World War I
The Allies, the Entente or the Triple Entente was an international military coalition of countries led by France, the United Kingdom, Russia, the United States, Italy, and Japan against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria in World War I (1914–1918).
See Germany and Allies of World War I
Allies of World War II
The Allies, formally referred to as the United Nations from 1942, were an international military coalition formed during World War II (1939–1945) to oppose the Axis powers.
See Germany and Allies of World War II
Alpine folk music
Alpine folk music (Alpenländische Volksmusik; German's Volksmusik means "people's music" or as a Germanic connotative translation, "folk's music") is the common umbrella designation of a number of related styles of traditional folk music in the Alpine regions of Slovenia, Northern Croatia, Germany, Austria, Switzerland and South Tyrol (Italy).
See Germany and Alpine folk music
Alps
The Alps are one of the highest and most extensive mountain ranges in Europe, stretching approximately across eight Alpine countries (from west to east): Monaco, France, Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Germany, Austria and Slovenia.
See Germany and Alps
Alternative for Germany
Alternative for Germany (Alternative für Deutschland, AfD) is a far-rightFar-right.
See Germany and Alternative for Germany
Analytic philosophy
Analytic philosophy is a broad, contemporary movement or tradition within Western philosophy and especially anglophone philosophy, focused on analysis.
See Germany and Analytic philosophy
Angela Merkel
Angela Dorothea Merkel (born 17 July 1954) is a German retired politician who served as Chancellor of Germany from 2005 to 2021 and was the first woman to hold that office.
Anschluss
The Anschluss (or Anschluß), also known as the Anschluß Österreichs (Annexation of Austria), was the annexation of the Federal State of Austria into the German Reich on 13 March 1938.
Arabic
Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, or عَرَبِيّ, or) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world.
Archaeology of Northern Europe
The archaeology of Northern Europe studies the prehistory of Scandinavia and the adjacent North European Plain, roughly corresponding to the territories of modern Sweden, Norway, Denmark, northern Germany, Poland and the Netherlands.
See Germany and Archaeology of Northern Europe
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
Archduke Franz Ferdinand Carl Ludwig Joseph Maria of Austria (18 December 1863 – 28 June 1914) was the heir presumptive to the throne of Austria-Hungary.
See Germany and Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
Arminius
Arminius (18/17 BC–AD 21) was a chieftain of the Germanic Cherusci tribe who is best known for commanding an alliance of Germanic tribes at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in AD 9, in which three Roman legions under the command of general and governor Publius Quinctilius Varus were destroyed.
Armistice
An armistice is a formal agreement of warring parties to stop fighting.
Armistice of 11 November 1918
The Armistice of 11 November 1918 was the armistice signed at Le Francport near Compiègne that ended fighting on land, at sea, and in the air in World War I between the Entente and their last remaining opponent, Germany.
See Germany and Armistice of 11 November 1918
Art Deco
Art Deco, short for the French Arts décoratifs, is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design, that first appeared in Paris in the 1910s (just before World War I), and flourished in the United States and Europe during the 1920s to early 1930s.
Art of Europe
The art of Europe, also known as Western art, encompasses the history of visual art in Europe.
Arthur Schopenhauer
Arthur Schopenhauer (22 February 1788 – 21 September 1860) was a German philosopher.
See Germany and Arthur Schopenhauer
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was one of the key events that led to World War I. Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, were assassinated on 28 June 1914 by Bosnian Serb student Gavrilo Princip.
See Germany and Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Atlanticism
Atlanticism, also known as Transatlanticism, is the ideology which advocates a close alliance between nations in Northern America (the United States and Canada) and in Europe on political, economic, and defense issues.
Audi
Audi AG is a German automotive manufacturer of luxury vehicles headquartered in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany.
See Germany and Audi
Augustus
Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian (Octavianus), was the founder of the Roman Empire.
Austria
Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. Germany and Austria are countries and territories where German is an official language, countries in Europe, federal republics, member states of the European Union, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, member states of the United Nations, OECD members and western European countries.
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918.
See Germany and Austria-Hungary
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire, officially known as the Empire of Austria, was a multinational European great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs.
See Germany and Austrian Empire
Austro-Prussian rivalry
Austria and Prussia were the most powerful German states in the Holy Roman Empire by the 18th and 19th centuries and had engaged in a struggle for supremacy among smaller German kingdoms.
See Germany and Austro-Prussian rivalry
Austro-Prussian War
The Austro-Prussian War, also by many variant names such as Seven Weeks' War, German Civil War, Brothers War or Fraternal War, known in Germany as Deutscher Krieg ("German War"), Deutscher Bruderkrieg ("German war of brothers") and by a variety of other names, was fought in 1866 between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia, with each also being aided by various allies within the German Confederation.
See Germany and Austro-Prussian War
Autobahn
The Autobahn (German plural) is the federal controlled-access highway system in Germany.
Automotive industry in Germany
The automotive industry in Germany is one of the largest employers in the world, with a labor force of over 857,336 (2016) working in the industry.
See Germany and Automotive industry in Germany
Axel Springer SE
Axel Springer SE is a German multinational mass and online media company, based in Berlin, Germany.
See Germany and Axel Springer SE
Babelsberg Studio
Babelsberg Film Studio (Filmstudio Babelsberg) (also known as Studio Babelsberg), located in Potsdam-Babelsberg outside Berlin, Germany, is the oldest large-scale film studio in the world, producing films since 1912.
See Germany and Babelsberg Studio
Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg, commonly shortened to BW or BaWü, is a German state in Southwest Germany, east of the Rhine, which forms the southern part of Germany's western border with France.
See Germany and Baden-Württemberg
Baltic Sea
The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and the North and Central European Plain.
Balts
The Balts or Baltic peoples (baltai, balti) are a group of peoples inhabiting the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea who speak Baltic languages.
Baroque
The Baroque is a Western style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished from the early 17th century until the 1750s.
Baroque architecture
Baroque architecture is a highly decorative and theatrical style which appeared in Italy in the early 17th century and gradually spread across Europe.
See Germany and Baroque architecture
Baroque music
Baroque music refers to the period or dominant style of Western classical music composed from about 1600 to 1750.
Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany
The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany (Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is the constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany.
See Germany and Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany
Battle of Berlin
The Battle of Berlin, designated as the Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation by the Soviet Union, and also known as the Fall of Berlin, was one of the last major offensives of the European theatre of World War II.
See Germany and Battle of Berlin
Battle of Britain
The Battle of Britain (Luftschlacht um England, "air battle for England") was a military campaign of the Second World War, in which the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Fleet Air Arm (FAA) of the Royal Navy defended the United Kingdom (UK) against large-scale attacks by Nazi Germany's air force, the Luftwaffe.
See Germany and Battle of Britain
Battle of France
The Battle of France (bataille de France; 10 May – 25 June 1940), also known as the Western Campaign (German: Westfeldzug), the French Campaign (Frankreichfeldzug, campagne de France) and the Fall of France, during the Second World War was the German invasion of France, that notably introduced tactics that are still used.
See Germany and Battle of France
Battle of Stalingrad
The Battle of StalingradSchlacht von Stalingrad see; p (17 July 19422 February 1943) was a major battle on the Eastern Front of World War II, beginning when Nazi Germany and its Axis allies attacked and became locked in a protracted struggle with the Soviet Union for control over the Soviet city of Stalingrad in southern Russia.
See Germany and Battle of Stalingrad
Battle of the Bulge
The Battle of the Bulge, also known as the Ardennes Offensive, was the last major German offensive campaign on the Western Front during World War II which took place from 16 December 1944 to 25 January 1945.
See Germany and Battle of the Bulge
Battle of the Teutoburg Forest
The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, described as the Varus Disaster or Varian Disaster (Clades Variana) by Roman historians, was a major battle between Germanic tribes and the Roman Empire that took place somewhere near modern Kalkriese from September 8–11, 9 AD, when an alliance of Germanic peoples ambushed three Roman legions led by Publius Quinctilius Varus and their auxiliaries.
See Germany and Battle of the Teutoburg Forest
Bauhaus
The Staatliches Bauhaus, commonly known as the, was a German art school operational from 1919 to 1933 that combined crafts and the fine arts.
Bavaria
Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria, is a state in the southeast of Germany.
Bavarian cuisine
Bavarian cuisine is a style of cooking from Bavaria, Germany.
See Germany and Bavarian cuisine
Bavarian Forest National Park
The Bavarian Forest National Park (Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald) is a national park in the Eastern Bavarian Forest immediately on Germany's border with the Czech Republic.
See Germany and Bavarian Forest National Park
Bavarian Soviet Republic
The Bavarian Soviet Republic (or Bavarian Council Republic), also known as the Munich Soviet Republic (Räterepublik Baiern, Münchner Räterepublik), was a short-lived unrecognised socialist state in Bavaria during the German revolution of 1918–1919.
See Germany and Bavarian Soviet Republic
Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch
The Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, abbreviated BGB, is the civil code of Germany, codifying most generally-applicably private law.
See Germany and Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.
See Germany and BBC
BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.
Beech
Beech (Fagus) is a genus of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate Eurasia and North America.
Beer in Germany
Beer (Bier) is a major part of German culture, with only water, hops, and malt permitted as ingredients in its production, though most breweries nowadays also use yeast.
See Germany and Beer in Germany
Belarusians
Belarusians (biełarusy) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Belarus.
Belgium
Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. Germany and Belgium are countries and territories where German is an official language, countries in Europe, member states of NATO, member states of the European Union, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, member states of the United Nations and OECD members.
Berchtesgaden National Park
Berchtesgaden National Park is in the south of Germany, on its border with Austria, in the municipalities of Ramsau bei Berchtesgaden and Schönau am Königsee, Berchtesgadener Land in Bavaria.
See Germany and Berchtesgaden National Park
Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs
The Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs is an academic research center at Georgetown University in Washington, DC dedicated to the interdisciplinary study of religion, ethics, and politics.
See Germany and Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs
Berlin
Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and by population.
Berlin Brandenburg Airport
Berlin Brandenburg Airport Willy Brandt (Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg „Willy Brandt“),, is an international airport in Schönefeld, just south of the German capital and state of Berlin, in the state of Brandenburg.
See Germany and Berlin Brandenburg Airport
Berlin Conference
The Berlin Conference of 1884–1885 met on 15 November 1884 and, after an adjournment, concluded on 26 February 1885 with the signature of a General Act, by Keith, Arthur Berriedale, 1919, p. 52.
See Germany and Berlin Conference
Berlin Declaration (1945)
The Berlin Declaration (Berliner Erklärung/Deklaration) of 5 June 1945 or the Declaration regarding the defeat of Germany,Officially, the "Declaration regarding the defeat of Germany and the assumption of supreme authority with respect to Germany by the Governments of the United States of America, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom and the Provisional Government of the French Republic".
See Germany and Berlin Declaration (1945)
Berlin Fashion Week
Berlin Fashion Week (Berliner Modewoche) is a fashion week held twice annually (in January and July) in Berlin, Germany.
See Germany and Berlin Fashion Week
Berlin International Film Festival
The Berlin International Film Festival (Internationale Filmfestspiele Berlin), usually called the Berlinale, is a major international film festival held annually in Berlin, Germany.
See Germany and Berlin International Film Festival
Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer) was a guarded concrete barrier that encircled West Berlin of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; West Germany) from 1961 to 1989, separating it from East Berlin and the German Democratic Republic (GDR; East Germany).
Berlin Zoo
The Berlin Zoological Garden (Zoologischer Garten Berlin) is the oldest surviving and best-known zoo in Germany.
Berlin-Bonn Act
The Berlin/Bonn Act (Berlin/Bonn-Gesetz) regulated the move of the Bundestag and parts of the government of Germany from Bonn to Berlin.
See Germany and Berlin-Bonn Act
Bertelsmann
The Bertelsmann SE & Co.
Bild
Bild or Bild-Zeitung is a German tabloid newspaper published by Axel Springer SE.
See Germany and Bild
Birth rate
Birth rate, also known as natality, is the total number of live human births per 1,000 population for a given period divided by the length of the period in years.
Black Death
The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic occurring in Europe from 1346 to 1353.
Black Forest National Park
The Black Forest National Park (Nationalpark Schwarzwald) is a national park in the state of Baden-Württemberg in the southwest of Germany.
See Germany and Black Forest National Park
Bloomberg L.P.
Bloomberg L.P. is a privately held financial, software, data, and media company headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.
See Germany and Bloomberg L.P.
BMW
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, commonly abbreviated to BMW, is a German multinational manufacturer of luxury vehicles and motorcycles headquartered in Munich, Bavaria, Germany.
See Germany and BMW
Bonn
Bonn is a federal city in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, located on the banks of the Rhine.
See Germany and Bonn
Bosch (company)
Robert Bosch GmbH, commonly known as Bosch (styled BOSCH), is a German multinational engineering and technology company headquartered in Gerlingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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Boydell & Brewer
Boydell & Brewer is an academic press based in Martlesham, Suffolk, England, that specializes in publishing historical and critical works.
See Germany and Boydell & Brewer
Brandenburg
Brandenburg, officially the State of Brandenburg (see Names), is a state in northeastern Germany.
Brandenburg Gate
The Brandenburg Gate (Brandenburger Tor) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin.
See Germany and Brandenburg Gate
Bratwurst
Bratwurst is a type of German sausage made from pork or, less commonly, beef or veal.
Bread & Butter (tradeshow)
Bread & Butter was an annual Berlin-based event and a year-round online shopping hub by Zalando.
See Germany and Bread & Butter (tradeshow)
Bread roll
A bread roll is a small, usually round or oblong individual loaf of bread served as a meal accompaniment (eaten plain or with butter).
Bremen
Bremen (Low German also: Breem or Bräm), officially the City Municipality of Bremen (Stadtgemeinde Bremen), is the capital of the German state of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (Freie Hansestadt Bremen), a two-city-state consisting of the cities of Bremen and Bremerhaven.
Bremen (state)
Bremen, officially the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (Freie Hansestadt Bremen; Free Hansestadt Bremen), is the smallest and least populous of Germany's 16 states.
See Germany and Bremen (state)
Brick Gothic
Brick Gothic (Backsteingotik, Gotyk ceglany, Baksteengotiek) is a specific style of Gothic architecture common in Northeast and Central Europe especially in the regions in and around the Baltic Sea, which do not have resources of standing rock (though glacial boulders are sometimes available).
Bronze Age Europe
The European Bronze Age is characterized by bronze artifacts and the use of bronze implements.
See Germany and Bronze Age Europe
Brothers Grimm
The Brothers Grimm (die Brüder Grimm or die Gebrüder Grimm), Jacob (1785–1863) and Wilhelm (1786–1859), were German academics who together collected and published folklore.
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Bulgarian language
Bulgarian (bŭlgarski ezik) is an Eastern South Slavic language spoken in Southeast Europe, primarily in Bulgaria.
See Germany and Bulgarian language
Bundesliga
The Bundesliga, sometimes referred to as the Fußball-Bundesliga or 1.
Bundespräsidialamt
The Bundespräsidialamt (Office of the Federal President) is a federal agency (German: "oberste Bundesbehörde") of the Government of Germany assisting the President of Germany.
See Germany and Bundespräsidialamt
Bundestag
The Bundestag ("Federal Diet") is the German federal parliament and the lower of two federal chambers, opposed to the upper chamber, the Bundesrat.
Bundeswehr
The Bundeswehr (literally Federal Defence) is the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Burgundy
Burgundy (Bourgogne; Burgundian: bourguignon) is a historical territory and former administrative region and province of east-central France.
Cabinet of Germany
The Federal Cabinet (Bundeskabinett), or according to the German Basic Law, the Federal Government (Bundesregierung), is the chief executive body of the Federal Republic of Germany.
See Germany and Cabinet of Germany
Capital of Germany
The capital of Germany is the City Land of Berlin.
See Germany and Capital of Germany
Carl Maria von Weber
Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von Weber (5 June 1826) was a German composer, conductor, virtuoso pianist, guitarist, and critic of the early Romantic period.
See Germany and Carl Maria von Weber
Carl Spitzweg
Carl Spitzweg (February 5, 1808 – September 23, 1885) was a German romantic painter, especially of genre subjects.
Carolingian architecture
Carolingian architecture is the style of north European Pre-Romanesque architecture belonging to the period of the Carolingian Renaissance of the late 8th and 9th centuries, when the Carolingian dynasty dominated west European politics.
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Carolingian Empire
The Carolingian Empire (800–887) was a Frankish-dominated empire in Western and Central Europe during the Early Middle Ages.
See Germany and Carolingian Empire
Caspar David Friedrich
Caspar David Friedrich (5 September 1774 – 7 May 1840) was a German Romantic landscape painter, generally considered the most important German artist of his generation.
See Germany and Caspar David Friedrich
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.
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Catholic Church in Germany
The Catholic Church in Germany (Katholische Kirche in Deutschland) or Roman Catholic Church in Germany (Römisch-katholische Kirche in Deutschland) is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church in communion with the Pope, assisted by the Roman Curia, and with the German bishops.
See Germany and Catholic Church in Germany
Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura
The Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura are a collection of six caves in southern Germany which were used by Ice Age humans for shelter about 33,000 to 43,000 years ago.
See Germany and Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura
Celts
The Celts (see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples were a collection of Indo-European peoples.
Centaurea cyanus
Centaurea cyanus, commonly known as cornflower or bachelor's button, is an annual flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to Europe.
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Central Europe
Central Europe is a geographical region of Europe between Eastern, Southern, Western and Northern Europe.
See Germany and Central Europe
Central European boar
The Central European boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) is a subspecies of wild boar, currently distributed across almost all of mainland Europe, with the exception of some northern areas in both Scandinavia and European Russia and the southernmost parts of Greece.
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Central European red deer
The Central European red deer or common red deer (Cervus elaphus hippelaphus) is a subspecies of red deer native to central Europe.
See Germany and Central European red deer
Central European Summer Time
Central European Summer Time (CEST, UTC+02:00), sometimes referred to as Central European Daylight Time (CEDT), is the standard clock time observed during the period of summer daylight-saving in those European countries which observe Central European Time (CET; UTC+01:00) during the other part of the year.
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Central European Time
Central European Time (CET) is a standard time of Central, and parts of Western Europe, which is one hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
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Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.
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Cf.
The abbreviation cf. (short for either Latin confer or conferatur, both meaning 'compare') is used in writing to refer the reader to other material to make a comparison with the topic being discussed.
See Germany and Cf.
Chancellor of Germany
The chancellor of Germany, officially the federal chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, is the head of the federal government of Germany, and the commander-in-chief of the German Armed Forces during wartime.
See Germany and Chancellor of Germany
Charlemagne
Charlemagne (2 April 748 – 28 January 814) was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Emperor, of what is now known as the Carolingian Empire, from 800, holding these titles until his death in 814.
Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles VI (Karl; Carolus; 1 October 1685 – 20 October 1740) was Holy Roman Emperor and ruler of the Austrian Habsburg monarchy from 1711 until his death, succeeding his elder brother, Joseph I.
See Germany and Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
Chinese cuisine
Chinese cuisine comprises cuisines originating from China, as well as from Chinese people from other parts of the world.
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Christian Democratic Union of Germany
The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands; CDU) is a Christian democratic and conservative political party in Germany.
See Germany and Christian Democratic Union of Germany
Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
Christmas tree
A Christmas tree is a decorated tree, usually an evergreen conifer, such as a spruce, pine or fir, or an artificial tree of similar appearance, associated with the celebration of Christmas.
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Chronology of warfare between the Romans and Germanic peoples
This is a chronology of warfare between the Romans and various Germanic peoples.
See Germany and Chronology of warfare between the Romans and Germanic peoples
Civil and political rights
Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals.
See Germany and Civil and political rights
Civil law (legal system)
Civil law is a legal system originating in Italy and France that has been adopted in large parts of the world.
See Germany and Civil law (legal system)
Classical antiquity
Classical antiquity, also known as the classical era, classical period, classical age, or simply antiquity, is the period of cultural European history between the 8th century BC and the 5th century AD comprising the interwoven civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome known together as the Greco-Roman world, centered on the Mediterranean Basin.
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Classical period (music)
The Classical Period was an era of classical music between roughly 1750 and 1820.
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Classicism
Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for a classical period, classical antiquity in the Western tradition, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate.
Coalition government
A coalition government, or coalition cabinet, is a government by political parties that enter into a power-sharing arrangement of the executive.
See Germany and Coalition government
Cold War
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, that started in 1947, two years after the end of World War II, and lasted until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.
College-preparatory school
A college-preparatory school (usually shortened to preparatory school or prep school) is a type of secondary school.
See Germany and College-preparatory school
Cologne Cathedral
Cologne Cathedral (Kölner Dom,, officially Hohe Domkirche Sankt Petrus, English: Cathedral Church of Saint Peter) is a cathedral in Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia belonging to the Catholic Church.
See Germany and Cologne Cathedral
Cologne War
The Cologne War (Kölner Krieg, Kölnischer Krieg, Truchsessischer Krieg; 1583–1588) was a conflict between Protestant and Catholic factions that devastated the Electorate of Cologne, a historical ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire, within present-day North Rhine-Westphalia, in Germany.
Cologne–Frankfurt high-speed rail line
The Cologne–Frankfurt high-speed rail line (Schnellfahrstrecke Köln–Rhein/Main) is a railway line in Germany, connecting the cities of Cologne and Frankfurt.
See Germany and Cologne–Frankfurt high-speed rail line
Commercial broadcasting
Commercial broadcasting (also called private broadcasting) is the broadcasting of television programs and radio programming by privately owned corporate media, as opposed to state sponsorship, for example.
See Germany and Commercial broadcasting
Communism
Communism (from Latin label) is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products to everyone in the society based on need.
Communist propaganda
Communist propaganda is the artistic and social promotion of the ideology of communism, communist worldview, communist society, and interests of the communist movement.
See Germany and Communist propaganda
Concert of Europe
The Concert of Europe was a general agreement among the great powers of 19th-century Europe to maintain the European balance of power, political boundaries, and spheres of influence.
See Germany and Concert of Europe
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna of 1814–1815 was a series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order after the downfall of the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte.
See Germany and Congress of Vienna
Conifer
Conifers are a group of cone-bearing seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms.
Conscription in Germany
The Federal Republic of Germany had conscription (Wehrpflicht) for male citizens between 1956 and 2011.
See Germany and Conscription in Germany
Continental climate
Continental climates often have a significant annual variation in temperature (warm to hot summers and cold winters).
See Germany and Continental climate
Corruption in Germany
Transparency International's 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index scored Germany at 78 on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean").
See Germany and Corruption in Germany
Council of Europe
The Council of Europe (CoE; Conseil de l'Europe, CdE) is an international organisation with the goal of upholding human rights, democracy and the rule of law in Europe.
See Germany and Council of Europe
Cuius regio, eius religio
Cuius regio, eius religio is a Latin phrase which literally means "whose realm, their religion" – meaning that the religion of the ruler was to dictate the religion of those ruled.
See Germany and Cuius regio, eius religio
Cyber and Information Domain Service
The Cyber and Information Domain Service (CIDS) (Cyber- und Informationsraum,; CIR) is the youngest branch of the German Armed Forces, the Bundeswehr.
See Germany and Cyber and Information Domain Service
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Germany and Czech Republic are countries in Europe, member states of NATO, member states of the European Union, member states of the United Nations and OECD members.
See Germany and Czech Republic
Danes
Danes (danskere) are an ethnic group and nationality native to Denmark and a modern nation identified with the country of Denmark.
Danish language
Danish (dansk, dansk sprog) is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family spoken by about six million people, principally in and around Denmark.
See Germany and Danish language
Danube
The Danube (see also other names) is the second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia.
Dawes Plan
The Dawes Plan temporarily resolved the issue of the reparations that Germany owed to the Allies of World War I. Enacted in 1924, it ended the crisis in European diplomacy that occurred after French and Belgian troops occupied the Ruhr in response to Germany's failure to meet its reparations obligations.
DAX
The DAX (Deutscher Aktienindex (German stock index)) is a stock market index consisting of the 40 major German blue chip companies trading on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.
See Germany and DAX
Düsseldorf
Düsseldorf is the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, the most populous state of Germany.
De jure
In law and government, de jure describes practices that are legally recognized, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality.
Death of Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler, chancellor and dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945, committed suicide via a gunshot to the head on 30 April 1945 in the Führerbunker in Berlin after it became clear that Germany would lose the Battle of Berlin, which led to the end of World War II in Europe.
See Germany and Death of Adolf Hitler
Deciduous
In the fields of horticulture and botany, the term deciduous means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, after flowering; and to the shedding of ripe fruit.
DEFA
DEFA (Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft) was the state-owned film studio of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) throughout the country's existence.
See Germany and DEFA
Democratization of knowledge
The democratization of knowledge is the acquisition and spread of knowledge amongst a wider part of the population, not just privileged elites such as clergy and academics.
See Germany and Democratization of knowledge
Denmark
Denmark (Danmark) is a Nordic country in the south-central portion of Northern Europe. Germany and Denmark are countries in Europe, member states of NATO, member states of the European Union, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, member states of the United Nations and OECD members.
Der Blaue Reiter
Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) was a group of artists and a designation by Wassily Kandinsky and Franz Marc for their exhibition and publication activities, in which both artists acted as sole editors in the almanac of the same name (first published in mid-May 1912).
See Germany and Der Blaue Reiter
Der Spiegel
(stylized in all caps) is a German weekly news magazine published in Hamburg.
Deutsche Telekom
Deutsche Telekom AG (often just Telekom, DTAG or DT; stylised as ·T·) is a German telecommunications company headquartered in Bonn and is the largest telecommunications provider in Europe by revenue.
See Germany and Deutsche Telekom
Deutsche Welle
("German Wave"), commonly shortened to DW, is a German public, state-owned international broadcaster funded by the German federal tax budget.
See Germany and Deutsche Welle
Deutscher Werkbund
The Deutscher Werkbund (English: "German Association of Craftsmen") is a German association of artists, architects, designers and industrialists established in 1907.
See Germany and Deutscher Werkbund
Deutsches Wörterbuch
The Deutsches Wörterbuch ("The German Dictionary"), abbreviated DWB, is the largest and most comprehensive dictionary of the German language in existence.
See Germany and Deutsches Wörterbuch
Deutschlandlied
The "italic" ("Song of Germany"), officially titled "italic" ("The Song of the Germans"), has been the national anthem of Germany either wholly or in part since 1922, except for a seven-year gap following World War II in West Germany.
See Germany and Deutschlandlied
Deutschlandradio
Deutschlandradio (DLR) is a national German public radio broadcaster.
See Germany and Deutschlandradio
Developed country
A developed country, or advanced country, is a sovereign state that has a high quality of life, developed economy, and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations.
See Germany and Developed country
Die Brücke
Die Brücke (The Bridge), also known as Künstlergruppe Brücke or KG Brücke, was a group of German expressionist artists formed in Dresden in 1905.
Die Welt
("The World") is a German national daily newspaper, published as a broadsheet by Axel Springer SE.
Dieterich Buxtehude
Dieterich Buxtehude (born Diderich Hansen Buxtehude,; – 9 May 1707) was a Danish organist and composer of the Baroque period, whose works are typical of the North German organ school.
See Germany and Dieterich Buxtehude
Direct election
Direct election is a system of choosing political officeholders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the persons or political party that they wanted to see elected.
See Germany and Direct election
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was formally dissolved as a sovereign state and subject of international law on 26 December 1991 by Declaration № 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.
See Germany and Dissolution of the Soviet Union
Districts of Germany
In 13 German states, the primary administrative subdivision higher than a Gemeinde (municipality) is the Landkreis or Kreis.
See Germany and Districts of Germany
Doner kebab
Doner kebab (döner or döner kebap), also spelled as döner kebab, is a dish of Turkish origin made of meat cooked on a vertical rotisserie.
Dresden
Dresden (Upper Saxon: Dräsdn; Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and it is the second most populous city after Leipzig.
Dual Alliance (1879)
The Dual Alliance (Zweibund, Kettős Szövetség) was a defensive alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary, which was created by treaty on October 7, 1879, as part of Germany's Otto von Bismarck's system of alliances to prevent or limit war.
See Germany and Dual Alliance (1879)
Dual education system
A dual education system combines apprenticeships in a company and vocational education at a vocational school in one course.
See Germany and Dual education system
Duchy of Bavaria
The Duchy of Bavaria was a frontier region in the southeastern part of the Merovingian kingdom from the sixth through the eighth century.
See Germany and Duchy of Bavaria
Duchy of Saxony
The Duchy of Saxony (Hartogdom Sassen, Herzogtum Sachsen) was originally the area settled by the Saxons in the late Early Middle Ages, when they were subdued by Charlemagne during the Saxon Wars from 772 and incorporated into the Carolingian Empire (Francia) by 804.
See Germany and Duchy of Saxony
Early Slavs
The early Slavs were speakers of Indo-European dialects who lived during the Migration Period and the Early Middle Ages (approximately from the 5th to the 10th centuries AD) in Central, Eastern and Southeast Europe and established the foundations for the Slavic nations through the Slavic states of the Early and High Middle Ages.
East Berlin
East Berlin (Ost-Berlin) was the partially recognised capital of East Germany (GDR) from 1949 to 1990.
East Francia
East Francia (Latin: Francia orientalis) or the Kingdom of the East Franks (Regnum Francorum orientalium) was a successor state of Charlemagne's empire ruled by the Carolingian dynasty until 911.
East Germany
East Germany (Ostdeutschland), officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik,, DDR), was a country in Central Europe from its formation on 7 October 1949 until its reunification with West Germany on 3 October 1990. Germany and East Germany are states and territories established in 1949.
Eastern Bloc
The Eastern Bloc, also known as the Communist Bloc (Combloc), the Socialist Bloc, and the Soviet Bloc, was the unofficial coalition of communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America that were aligned with the Soviet Union and existed during the Cold War (1947–1991).
Eastern Orthodoxy
Eastern Orthodoxy, otherwise known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity or Byzantine Christianity, is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Catholicism and Protestantism.
See Germany and Eastern Orthodoxy
Economy of Germany
The economy of Germany is a highly developed social market economy.
See Germany and Economy of Germany
Ecoregion
An ecoregion (ecological region) is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a bioregion, which in turn is smaller than a biogeographic realm.
Elbe
The Elbe (Labe; Ilv or Elv; Upper and Łobjo) is one of the major rivers of Central Europe.
See Germany and Elbe
Electronic music
Electronic music broadly is a group of music genres that employ electronic musical instruments, circuitry-based music technology and software, or general-purpose electronics (such as personal computers) in its creation.
See Germany and Electronic music
Emperor of Austria
The emperor of Austria (Österreich) was the ruler of the Austrian Empire and later the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
See Germany and Emperor of Austria
Enabling Act of 1933
The Enabling Act of 1933 (German: Ermächtigungsgesetz), officially titled Gesetz zur Behebung der Not von Volk und Reich, was a law that gave the German Cabinet – most importantly, the Chancellor – the power to make and enforce laws without the involvement of the Reichstag or Weimar President Paul von Hindenburg, leading to the rise of Nazi Germany.
See Germany and Enabling Act of 1933
Encyclopædia Britannica
The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
See Germany and Encyclopædia Britannica
End of World War II in Europe
The final battles of the European theatre of World War II continued after the definitive surrender of Nazi Germany to the Allies, signed by Field marshal Wilhelm Keitel on 8 May 1945 (VE Day) in Karlshorst, Berlin.
See Germany and End of World War II in Europe
Energiewende
The paren-left is the ongoing energy transition by Germany to a low carbon, environmentally sound, reliable, and affordable energy supply.
Energy development
Energy development is the field of activities focused on obtaining sources of energy from natural resources.
See Germany and Energy development
Erfurt
Erfurt is the capital and largest city of the Central German state of Thuringia.
Ethnogenesis
Ethnogenesis is the formation and development of an ethnic group.
Eurasian beaver
The Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) or European beaver is a species of beaver widespread across Eurasia, with a rapidly increasing population of at least 1.5 million in 2020.
See Germany and Eurasian beaver
Euro
The euro (symbol: €; currency code: EUR) is the official currency of 20 of the member states of the European Union.
See Germany and Euro
Euro sign
The euro sign is the currency sign used for the euro, the official currency of the eurozone and adopted, although not required to, by Kosovo and Montenegro.
Europa (web portal)
Europa is the official web portal of the European Union (EU), providing information on how the EU works, related news, events, publications and links to websites of institutions, agencies and other bodies.
See Germany and Europa (web portal)
Europa-Park
Europa-Park is a theme park in Rust, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
European badger
The European badger (Meles meles), also known as the Eurasian badger, is a badger species in the family Mustelidae native to Europe and West Asia and parts of Central Asia.
See Germany and European badger
European Central Bank
The European Central Bank (ECB) is the central component of the Eurosystem and the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) as well as one of seven institutions of the European Union.
See Germany and European Central Bank
European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML) is a European treaty (CETS 148) adopted in 1992 under the auspices of the Council of Europe to protect and promote historical regional and minority languages in Europe.
See Germany and European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
European Commission
The European Commission (EC) is the primary executive arm of the European Union (EU).
See Germany and European Commission
European Economic Community
The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organisation created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957,Today the largely rewritten treaty continues in force as the Treaty on the functioning of the European Union, as renamed by the Lisbon Treaty.
See Germany and European Economic Community
European Film Academy
The European Film Academy is a group of European filmmakers who come together in Berlin on the occasion of the first presentation of the European Film Awards in November 1988.
See Germany and European Film Academy
European Film Awards
The European Film Awards (or European Film Academy Awards) have been presented annually since 1988 by the European Film Academy to recognize excellence in European cinematic achievements.
See Germany and European Film Awards
European hare
The European hare (Lepus europaeus), also known as the brown hare, is a species of hare native to Europe and parts of Asia.
European integration
European integration is the process of industrial, economic, political, legal, social, and cultural integration of states wholly or partially in Europe, or nearby.
See Germany and European integration
European single market
The European single market, also known as the European internal market or the European common market, is the single market comprising mainly the member states of the European Union (EU).
See Germany and European single market
European Space Agency
The European Space Agency (ESA) is a 22-member intergovernmental body devoted to space exploration.
See Germany and European Space Agency
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. Germany and European Union are G20 members.
See Germany and European Union
Eurostat
Eurostat ('European Statistical Office'; DG ESTAT) is a Directorate-General of the European Commission located in the Kirchberg quarter of Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
Eurozone
The euro area, commonly called the eurozone (EZ), is a currency union of 20 member states of the European Union (EU) that have adopted the euro (€) as their primary currency and sole legal tender, and have thus fully implemented EMU policies.
Evangelical Church in Germany
The Evangelical Church in Germany (Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland, EKD), also known as the Protestant Church in Germany, is a federation of twenty Lutheran, Reformed, and United Protestant regional Churches in Germany, collectively encompassing the vast majority of the country's Protestants.
See Germany and Evangelical Church in Germany
Executive (government)
The executive, also referred to as the juditian or executive power, is that part of government which executes the law; in other words, directly makes decisions and holds power.
See Germany and Executive (government)
Expressionist architecture
Expressionist architecture was an architectural movement in Europe during the first decades of the 20th century in parallel with the expressionist visual and performing arts that especially developed and dominated in Germany.
See Germany and Expressionist architecture
Extermination camp
Nazi Germany used six extermination camps (Vernichtungslager), also called death camps (Todeslager), or killing centers (Tötungszentren), in Central Europe during World War II to systematically murder over 2.7 million peoplemostly Jewsin the Holocaust.
See Germany and Extermination camp
F. W. Murnau
Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau (born Friedrich Wilhelm Plumpe; December 28, 1888March 11, 1931) was a German film director, producer and screenwriter.
Federal Administrative Court (Germany)
The Federal Administrative Court (Bundesverwaltungsgericht) is one of the five federal supreme courts of Germany.
See Germany and Federal Administrative Court (Germany)
Federal Constitutional Court
The Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht; abbreviated: BVerfG) is the supreme constitutional court for the Federal Republic of Germany, established by the constitution or Basic Law of Germany.
See Germany and Federal Constitutional Court
Federal Convention (Germany)
The Federal Convention, also known as the Federal Assembly (Bundesversammlung), is, together with the Joint Committee, one of two non-standing constitutional bodies in the federal institutional system of the Federal Republic of Germany.
See Germany and Federal Convention (Germany)
Federal Court of Justice
The Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof) is the highest court of civil and criminal jurisdiction in Germany.
See Germany and Federal Court of Justice
Federal Fiscal Court
The Federal Fiscal Court (abbreviated) is one of five federal supreme courts of Germany, established according to Article 95 of the Basic Law.
See Germany and Federal Fiscal Court
Federal Labour Court
The Federal Labour Court is the court of the last resort for cases of labour law in Germany, both for individual labour law (mostly concerning contracts of employment) and collective labour law (e.g. cases concerning strikes and collective bargaining).
See Germany and Federal Labour Court
Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany)
The Federal Ministry of the Interior and Community (Bundesministerium des Innern und für Heimat,, abbreviated BMI, is a cabinet-level ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. Its main office is in Berlin, with a secondary seat in Bonn. The current minister is Nancy Faeser. It is comparable to the British Home Office or a combination of the US Department of Homeland Security and the US Department of Justice, because both manage several law enforcement agencies.
See Germany and Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany)
Federal parliamentary republic
A federal parliamentary republic refers to a federation of states with a republican form of government that is, more or less, dependent upon the confidence of parliaments at both the national and sub-national levels.
See Germany and Federal parliamentary republic
Federal republic
A federal republic is a federation of states with a republican form of government. Germany and federal republic are federal republics.
See Germany and Federal republic
Federal Social Court
The Federal Social Court is the German federal court of appeals for social security cases, mainly cases concerning the public health insurance, long-term care insurance, pension insurance and occupational accident insurance schemes.
See Germany and Federal Social Court
Federal Statistical Office of Germany
The Federal Statistical Office (Statistisches Bundesamt, shortened Destatis) is a federal authority of Germany.
See Germany and Federal Statistical Office of Germany
Federation
A federation (also called a federal state) is an entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a federal government (federalism).
Felix Jaehn
Fee Jähn (born 28 August 1994 as Felix Kurt Jähn), known professionally as Felix Jaehn, is a German DJ and record producer.
Felix Mendelssohn
Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (3 February 18094 November 1847), widely known as Felix Mendelssohn, was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic period.
See Germany and Felix Mendelssohn
Fern
The ferns (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta) are a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers.
See Germany and Fern
FIFA Confederations Cup
The FIFA Confederations Cup was an international association football tournament for men's national teams, held every four years by FIFA.
See Germany and FIFA Confederations Cup
FIFA World Cup
The FIFA World Cup, often called the World Cup, is an international association football competition among the senior men's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body.
See Germany and FIFA World Cup
Film festival
A film festival is an organized, extended presentation of films in one or more cinemas or screening venues, usually in a single city or region.
Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)
During the later stages of World War II and the post-war period, Germans and fled and were expelled from various Eastern and Central European countries, including Czechoslovakia, and from the former German provinces of Lower and Upper Silesia, East Prussia, and the eastern parts of Brandenburg (Neumark) and Pomerania (Hinterpommern), which were annexed by Poland and the Soviet Union.
See Germany and Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)
Flower
A flower, also known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Angiospermae).
Football in Germany
Football is the most popular sport in Germany with 57% of the population declaring interest in watching it.
See Germany and Football in Germany
Former eastern territories of Germany
The former eastern territories of Germany refer in present-day Germany to those territories east of the current eastern border of Germany, i.e., the Oder–Neisse line, which historically had been considered German and which were annexed by Poland and the Soviet Union after World War II in Europe.
See Germany and Former eastern territories of Germany
Formula One
Formula One, commonly known as Formula 1 or F1, is the highest class of international racing for open-wheel single-seater formula racing cars sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA).
Fortune Global 500
The Fortune Global 500, also known as Global 500, is an annual ranking of the top 500 corporations worldwide as measured by revenue.
See Germany and Fortune Global 500
Four Power Agreement on Berlin
The Four Power Agreement on Berlin, also known as the Berlin Agreement or the Quadripartite Agreement on Berlin, was agreed on 3 September 1971 by the four wartime Allied powers, represented by their ambassadors.
See Germany and Four Power Agreement on Berlin
Fourth Industrial Revolution
"Fourth Industrial Revolution", "4IR", or "Industry 4.0" is a buzzword and neologism describing rapid technological advancement in the 21st century.
See Germany and Fourth Industrial Revolution
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Germany and France are countries in Europe, G20 members, member states of NATO, member states of the European Union, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, member states of the United Nations, OECD members and western European countries.
France–Germany relations
Relations between France and Germany, or Franco-German relations form a part of the wider politics of Europe.
See Germany and France–Germany relations
Francia
The Kingdom of the Franks (Regnum Francorum), also known as the Frankish Kingdom, the Frankish Empire (Imperium Francorum) or Francia, was the largest post-Roman barbarian kingdom in Western Europe.
Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
Francis I (Francis Stephen; François Étienne; Franz Stefan; Francesco Stefano; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) was Holy Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Lorraine and Bar, and Grand Duke of Tuscany.
See Germany and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
Franco-Prussian War
The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia.
See Germany and Franco-Prussian War
Frank-Walter Steinmeier
Frank-Walter Steinmeier (born 5 January 1956) is a German politician who became president of Germany on 19 March 2017.
See Germany and Frank-Walter Steinmeier
Frankfurt
Frankfurt am Main ("Frank ford on the Main") is the most populous city in the German state of Hesse.
Frankfurt Airport
Frankfurt Airport (Flughafen Frankfurt Main), is Germany's main international airport by passenger numbers, located in Frankfurt, Germany's fifth-largest city.
See Germany and Frankfurt Airport
Frankfurt Book Fair
The Frankfurt Book Fair (German:, FBM) is the world's largest trade fair for books, based on the number of publishing companies represented.
See Germany and Frankfurt Book Fair
Frankfurt School
The Frankfurt School is a school of thought in sociology and critical philosophy.
See Germany and Frankfurt School
Frankfurt Stock Exchange
The Frankfurt Stock Exchange (Börse Frankfurt, former German name: Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse, FWB) is the world's 3rd oldest and 12th largest stock exchange by market capitalization.
See Germany and Frankfurt Stock Exchange
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
The (FAZ; "Frankfurt General Newspaper") is a German newspaper founded in 1949.
See Germany and Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
Franz Marc
Franz Moritz Wilhelm Marc (8 February 1880 – 4 March 1916) was a German painter and printmaker, one of the key figures of German Expressionism.
Frauenkirche, Dresden
The Frauenkirche (Church of Our Lady) is a Lutheran church in Dresden, the capital of the German state of Saxony.
See Germany and Frauenkirche, Dresden
Fraunhofer Society
The Fraunhofer Society (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.|lit.
See Germany and Fraunhofer Society
Frederick William IV of Prussia
Frederick William IV (Friedrich Wilhelm IV.; 15 October 1795 – 2 January 1861), the eldest son and successor of Frederick William III of Prussia, was king of Prussia from 7 June 1840 until his death on 2 January 1861.
See Germany and Frederick William IV of Prussia
Free church
A free church is any Christian denomination that is intrinsically separate from government (as opposed to a state church).
Free Democratic Party (Germany)
The Free Democratic Party (Freie Demokratische Partei, FDP) is a liberal political party in Germany.
See Germany and Free Democratic Party (Germany)
Free imperial city
In the Holy Roman Empire, the collective term free and imperial cities (Freie und Reichsstädte), briefly worded free imperial city (Freie Reichsstadt, urbs imperialis libera), was used from the fifteenth century to denote a self-ruling city that had a certain amount of autonomy and was represented in the Imperial Diet.
See Germany and Free imperial city
Frei Otto
Frei Paul Otto (31 May 1925 – 9 March 2015) was a German architect and structural engineer noted for his use of lightweight structures, in particular tensile and membrane structures, including the roof of the Olympic Stadium in Munich for the 1972 Summer Olympics.
Freiburg im Breisgau
Freiburg im Breisgau (Alemannic: Friburg im Brisgau; Fribourg-en-Brisgau; Freecastle in the Breisgau; mostly called simply Freiburg) is the fourth-largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg after Stuttgart, Mannheim and Karlsruhe.
See Germany and Freiburg im Breisgau
French Revolutionary Wars
The French Revolutionary Wars (Guerres de la Révolution française) were a series of sweeping military conflicts resulting from the French Revolution that lasted from 1792 until 1802.
See Germany and French Revolutionary Wars
Friedrich Ebert
Friedrich Ebert (4 February 187128 February 1925) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and the first president of Germany from 1919 until his death in office in 1925.
See Germany and Friedrich Ebert
Friedrich Engels
Friedrich Engels (. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.; 28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895) was a German philosopher, political theorist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist.
See Germany and Friedrich Engels
Friedrich Nietzsche
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (15 October 1844 – 25 August 1900) was a German classical scholar, philosopher, and critic of culture, who became one of the most influential of all modern thinkers.
See Germany and Friedrich Nietzsche
Friedrich Schiller
Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (short:; 10 November 17599 May 1805) was a German polymath and poet, playwright, historian, philosopher, physician, lawyer.
See Germany and Friedrich Schiller
Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling
Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (27 January 1775 – 20 August 1854), later (after 1812) von Schelling, was a German philosopher.
See Germany and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling
Frisian languages
The Frisian languages are a closely related group of West Germanic languages, spoken by about 400,000 Frisian people, who live on the southern fringes of the North Sea in the Netherlands and Germany.
See Germany and Frisian languages
Frisians
The Frisians are an ethnic group indigenous to the coastal regions of the Netherlands, north-western Germany and southern Denmark, and during the Early Middle Ages in the north-western coastal zone of Flanders, Belgium.
Fritz Lang
Friedrich Christian Anton Lang (December 5, 1890 – August 2, 1976), better known as Fritz Lang, was an Austrian-American film director, screenwriter, and producer who worked in Germany and later the United States.
Fungus
A fungus (fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.
G20
The G20 or Group of 20 is an intergovernmental forum comprising 19 sovereign countries, the European Union (EU), and the African Union (AU).
See Germany and G20
G7
The Group of Seven (G7) is an intergovernmental political and economic forum consisting of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States; additionally, the European Union (EU) is a "non-enumerated member".
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Gamescom
Gamescom (stylized as gamescom) is a trade fair for video games held annually at the Koelnmesse in Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Gaming convention
A gaming convention is a gathering centered on role-playing games, collectible card games, miniatures wargames, board games, video games, or other types of games.
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Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Bavarian: Garmasch-Partakurch) is an Alpine ski town in Bavaria, southern Germany.
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Günter Grass
Günter Wilhelm Grass (16 October 1927 – 13 April 2015) was a German novelist, poet, playwright, illustrator, graphic artist, sculptor, and recipient of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Generalplan Ost
The (Master Plan for the East), abbreviated GPO, was Nazi Germany's plan for the genocide, extermination and large-scale ethnic cleansing of Slavs, Eastern European Jews, and other indigenous peoples of Eastern Europe categorized as "Untermenschen" in Nazi ideology.
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Genocide
Genocide is the intentional destruction of a people, either in whole or in part.
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (27 August 1770 – 14 November 1831) was a German philosopher and one of the most influential figures of German idealism and 19th-century philosophy.
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George Frideric Handel
George Frideric (or Frederick) Handel (baptised italic,; 23 February 1685 – 14 April 1759) was a German-British Baroque composer well known for his operas, oratorios, anthems, concerti grossi, and organ concertos.
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Gerhart Hauptmann
Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann (15 November 1862 – 6 June 1946) was a German dramatist and novelist.
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German Air Force
The German Air Force (lit) is the aerial warfare branch of the Bundeswehr, the armed forces of Germany.
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German Army
The German Army ('army') is the land component of the armed forces of Germany.
German atrocities committed against Soviet prisoners of war
During World War II, Soviet prisoners of war (POWs) held by Nazi Germany and primarily in the custody of the German Army were starved and subjected to deadly conditions.
See Germany and German atrocities committed against Soviet prisoners of war
German balanced budget amendment
Germany's balanced budget amendment (Schuldenbremse), also referred to as Germany's debt brake, is a fiscal rule enacted in 2009.
See Germany and German balanced budget amendment
German Bundesrat
The German Bundesrat is a legislative body that represents the sixteen Länder (federated states) of Germany at the federal level (German: Bundesebene).
See Germany and German Bundesrat
German casualties in World War II
Statistics for German World War II military casualties are divergent.
See Germany and German casualties in World War II
German Confederation
The German Confederation was an association of 39 predominantly German-speaking sovereign states in Central Europe.
See Germany and German Confederation
German East Africa
German East Africa (GEA; Deutsch-Ostafrika) was a German colony in the African Great Lakes region, which included present-day Burundi, Rwanda, the Tanzania mainland, and the Kionga Triangle, a small region later incorporated into Mozambique.
See Germany and German East Africa
German Empire
The German Empire, also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Second Reich or simply Germany, was the period of the German Reich from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the November Revolution in 1918, when the German Reich changed its form of government from a monarchy to a republic. Germany and German Empire are states and territories established in 1871.
German Film Award
The German Film Award, also known as Lola after its prize statuette, is the national film award of Germany.
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German folklore
German folklore is the folk tradition which has developed in Germany over a number of centuries.
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German Football Association
The German Football Association (Deutscher Fußball-Bund; DFB) is the governing body of football, futsal, and beach soccer in Germany.
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German hip hop
German hip hop (locally known as Deutschrap, Deutsch meaning German) refers to hip hop music produced in Germany.
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German idealism
German idealism is a philosophical movement that emerged in Germany in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
See Germany and German idealism
German Instrument of Surrender
The German Instrument of Surrender was a legal document effecting the unconditional surrender of the remaining German armed forces to the Allies, which ended World War II in Europe, with the surrender taking effect at 23:01 CET on the same day.
See Germany and German Instrument of Surrender
German invasion of Belgium (1940)
The invasion of Belgium or Belgian campaign (10–28 May 1940), often referred to within Belgium as the 18 Days' Campaign (Campagne des 18 jours; Achttiendaagse Veldtocht), formed part of the larger Battle of France, an offensive campaign by Germany during the Second World War.
See Germany and German invasion of Belgium (1940)
German invasion of Greece
The German invasion of Greece, also known as the Battle of Greece or Operation Marita (Unternehmen Marita), were the attacks on Greece by Italy and Germany during World War II.
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German invasion of Luxembourg
The German invasion of Luxembourg was part of Case Yellow (Fall Gelb), the German invasion of the Low Countries—Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands—and France during World War II.
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German invasion of the Netherlands
The German invasion of the Netherlands (Duitse aanval op Nederland), otherwise known as the Battle of the Netherlands (Slag om Nederland), was a military campaign part of Case Yellow (Fall Gelb), the Nazi German invasion of the Low Countries (Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands) and France during World War II.
See Germany and German invasion of the Netherlands
German language
German (Standard High German: Deutsch) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol.
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German literature
German literature comprises those literary texts written in the German language.
See Germany and German literature
German mediatisation
German mediatisation (deutsche Mediatisierung) was the major redistribution and reshaping of territorial holdings that took place between 1802 and 1814 in Germany by means of the subsumption and secularisation of a large number of Imperial Estates, prefiguring, precipitating, and continuing after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire.
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German Navy
The German Navy is part of the unified (Federal Defense), the German Armed Forces.
German order of precedence
The German order of precedence is a symbolic hierarchy of the five highest federal offices in Germany used to direct protocol.
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German philosophy
German philosophy, meaning philosophy in the German language or philosophy by German people, in its diversity, is fundamental for both the analytic and continental traditions.
See Germany and German philosophy
German punk
German punk includes a body of music and a subculture that have evolved since punk rock became popular in Germany in the 1970s.
German rearmament
German rearmament (Aufrüstung) was a policy and practice of rearmament carried out by Germany from 1918 to 1939, in violation of the Treaty of Versailles which required German disarmament after WWI to prevent it starting another war.
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German reunification
German reunification (Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) was the process of re-establishing Germany as a single full sovereign state, which took place between 9 November 1989 and 15 March 1991.
See Germany and German reunification
German revolution of 1918–1919
The German revolution of 1918–1919, also known as the November Revolution (Novemberrevolution), was an uprising started by workers and soldiers in the final days of World War I. It quickly and almost bloodlessly brought down the German Empire, then in its more violent second stage, the supporters of a parliamentary republic were victorious over those who wanted a soviet-style council republic.
See Germany and German revolution of 1918–1919
German revolutions of 1848–1849
The German revolutions of 1848–1849 (Deutsche Revolution 1848/1849), the opening phase of which was also called the March Revolution (Märzrevolution), were initially part of the Revolutions of 1848 that broke out in many European countries.
See Germany and German revolutions of 1848–1849
German South West Africa
German South West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) was a colony of the German Empire from 1884 until 1915, though Germany did not officially recognise its loss of this territory until the 1919 Treaty of Versailles.
See Germany and German South West Africa
German Unity Day
German Unity Day (Tag der Deutschen Einheit) is the National Day of Germany, celebrated on 3 October as a public holiday.
See Germany and German Unity Day
German Universities Excellence Initiative
The Excellence Initiative of the German Council of Science and Humanities and the German Research Foundation (DFG) aims to promote cutting-edge research and to create outstanding conditions for young scholars at universities, to deepen cooperation between disciplines and institutions, to strengthen international cooperation of research, and to enhance the international appeal of excellent German universities.
See Germany and German Universities Excellence Initiative
German wine
German wine is primarily produced in the west of Germany, along the river Rhine and its tributaries, with the oldest plantations going back to the Roman era.
German-occupied Europe
German-occupied Europe (or Nazi-occupied Europe) refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were wholly or partly militarily occupied and civil-occupied, including puppet governments, by the military forces and the government of Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 and 1945, during World War II, administered by the Nazi regime under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler.
See Germany and German-occupied Europe
Germania
Germania, also called Magna Germania (English: Great Germania), Germania Libera (English: Free Germania), or Germanic Barbaricum to distinguish it from the Roman province of the same name, was a historical region in north-central Europe during the Roman era, which was associated by Roman authors with the Germanic people.
Germania (book)
The Germania, written by the Roman historian Publius Cornelius Tacitus around 98 AD and originally entitled On the Origin and Situation of the Germans (De origine et situ Germanorum), is a historical and ethnographic work on the Germanic peoples outside the Roman Empire.
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Germania Antiqua
Germania (also sometimes called Germania Antiqua) was a short-lived Roman province for the duration of 16 years under Augustus, from 7 BC to AD 9.
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Germanic law
Germanic law is a scholarly term used to describe a series of commonalities between the various law codes (the Leges Barbarorum, 'laws of the barbarians', also called Leges) of the early Germanic peoples.
Germanic peoples
The Germanic peoples were tribal groups who once occupied Northwestern and Central Europe and Scandinavia during antiquity and into the early Middle Ages.
See Germany and Germanic peoples
Germans
Germans are the natives or inhabitants of Germany, or sometimes more broadly any people who are of German descent or native speakers of the German language.
Germany at the Olympics
Athletes from Germany have taken part in most of the modern Olympic Games held since 1896.
See Germany and Germany at the Olympics
Germany national football team
The Germany national football team (Deutsche Fußballnationalmannschaft) represents Germany in men's international football and played its first match in 1908.
See Germany and Germany national football team
Germany–Russia relations
Germany–Russia relations display cyclical patterns, moving back and forth from cooperation and alliance to strain and to total warfare.
See Germany and Germany–Russia relations
Germany–United States relations
Today, Germany and the United States are close and strong allies.
See Germany and Germany–United States relations
Global Innovation Index
The Global Innovation Index is an annual ranking of countries by their capacity for, and success in, innovation, published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
See Germany and Global Innovation Index
Golden Bear
The Golden Bear (Goldener Bär) is the highest prize awarded for the best film at the Berlin International Film Festival.
Golden Bull of 1356
The Golden Bull of 1356 was a decree issued by the Imperial Diet at Nuremberg and Metz (Diet of Metz, 1356/57) headed by the Emperor Charles IV which fixed, for a period of more than four hundred years, important aspects of the constitutional structure of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Golden Twenties
The Golden Twenties, also known as the Happy Twenties (Glückliche Zwanziger), was a five-year time period within the decade of the 1920s in Germany.
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Gottfried Böhm
Gottfried Böhm (23 January 1920 – 9 June 2021) was a German architect and sculptor.
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Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (– 14 November 1716) was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist and diplomat who invented calculus in addition to many other branches of mathematics, such as binary arithmetic, and statistics.
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Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (22 January 1729 – 15 February 1781) was a German philosopher, dramatist, publicist and art critic, and a representative of the Enlightenment era.
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Gottlob Frege
Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege (8 November 1848 – 26 July 1925) was a German philosopher, logician, and mathematician.
Government of Nazi Germany
The government of Nazi Germany was a totalitarian dictatorship governed by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party according to the Führerprinzip.
See Germany and Government of Nazi Germany
Gründerzeit
Gründerzeit was the economic phase in 19th-century Germany and Austria before the great stock market crash of 1873.
Great Depression
The Great Depression (19291939) was a severe global economic downturn that affected many countries across the world.
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Great Famine of 1315–1317
The Great Famine of 1315–1317 (occasionally dated 1315–1322) was the first of a series of large-scale crises that struck parts of Europe early in the 14th century.
See Germany and Great Famine of 1315–1317
Great power
A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale.
Greek cuisine
Greek cuisine is the cuisine of Greece and the Greek diaspora.
Greek language
Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean.
See Germany and Greek language
Habsburg monarchy
The Habsburg monarchy, also known as Habsburg Empire, or Habsburg Realm, was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities that were ruled by the House of Habsburg.
See Germany and Habsburg monarchy
Hainich National Park
Hainich National Park (Nationalpark Hainich), founded on December 31, 1997, is the 13th national park in Germany and the only one in Thuringia.
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Hamburg
Hamburg (Hamborg), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg,.
Hanover
Hanover (Hannover; Hannober) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Lower Saxony.
Hans Holbein the Younger
Hans Holbein the Younger (Hans Holbein der Jüngere; – between 7 October and 29 November 1543) was a German-Swiss painter and printmaker who worked in a Northern Renaissance style, and is considered one of the greatest portraitists of the 16th century.
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Hanseatic League
The Hanseatic League was a medieval commercial and defensive network of merchant guilds and market towns in Central and Northern Europe.
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Harz National Park
Harz National Park is a nature reserve in the German federal states of Lower Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt.
See Germany and Harz National Park
Head of government
In the executive branch, the head of government is the highest or the second-highest official of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, a group of ministers or secretaries who lead executive departments.
See Germany and Head of government
Head of state
A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona of a sovereign state.
Health system
A health system, health care system or healthcare system is an organization of people, institutions, and resources that delivers health care services to meet the health needs of target populations.
Healthcare in Germany
Germany has a universal multi-payer health care system paid for by a combination of statutory health insurance (Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung) and private health insurance (Private Krankenversicherung).
See Germany and Healthcare in Germany
Heavy metal music
Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom and United States.
See Germany and Heavy metal music
Heidelberg Castle
Heidelberg Castle (Heidelberger Schloss) is a ruin in Germany and landmark of Heidelberg.
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Heidelberg University
Heidelberg University, officially the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg (Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Universitas Ruperto Carola Heidelbergensis), is a public research university in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
See Germany and Heidelberg University
Heimatfilm
(German for "homeland-films"; German singular) were films of a genre popular in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria from the late 1940s to the early 1960s.
Heinrich Böll
Heinrich Theodor Böll (21 December 1917 – 16 July 1985) was a German writer.
Heinrich Brüning
Heinrich Aloysius Maria Elisabeth Brüning (26 November 1885 – 30 March 1970) was a German Centre Party politician and academic, who served as the chancellor of Germany during the Weimar Republic from 1930 to 1932.
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Helmholtz Association
The Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres (Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren) is the largest scientific organisation in Germany.
See Germany and Helmholtz Association
Herero and Nama genocide
The Herero and Nama genocide, formerly known also as the 'Herero and Namaqua genocide', was a campaign of ethnic extermination and collective punishment which was waged against the Herero (Ovaherero) and the Nama in German South West Africa (now Namibia) by the German Empire.
See Germany and Herero and Nama genocide
Hermann Hesse
Hermann Karl Hesse (2 July 1877 – 9 August 1962) was a German-Swiss poet, novelist, and painter.
Hermann Muthesius
Adam Gottlieb Hermann Muthesius (20 April 1861 – 29 October 1927), known as Hermann Muthesius, was a German architect, author and diplomat, perhaps best known for promoting many of the ideas of the English Arts and Crafts movement within Germany and for his subsequent influence on early pioneers of German architectural modernism such as the Bauhaus.
See Germany and Hermann Muthesius
Hesse
Hesse or Hessia (Hessen), officially the State of Hesse (Land Hessen), is a state in Germany.
Hidden champions
Hidden champions are relatively small but highly successful companies that are concealed behind a curtain of inconspicuousness, invisibility, and sometimes secrecy.
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Historicism (art)
Historicism or historism comprises artistic styles that draw their inspiration from recreating historic styles or imitating the work of historic artists and artisans.
See Germany and Historicism (art)
History of Europe
The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (800 BC to AD 500), the Middle Ages (AD 500–1500), and the modern era (since AD 1500).
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History of the Jews in Germany
The history of the Jews in Germany goes back at least to the year 321 CE, and continued through the Early Middle Ages (5th to 10th centuries CE) and High Middle Ages (circa 1000–1299 CE) when Jewish immigrants founded the Ashkenazi Jewish community.
See Germany and History of the Jews in Germany
Hohenstaufen
The Hohenstaufen dynasty, also known as the Staufer, was a noble family of unclear origin that rose to rule the Duchy of Swabia from 1079, and to royal rule in the Holy Roman Empire during the Middle Ages from 1138 until 1254.
Holocaust victims
Holocaust victims were people targeted by the government of Nazi Germany based on their ethnicity, religion, political beliefs, disability or sexual orientation. The institutionalized practice by the Nazis of singling out and persecuting people resulted in the Holocaust, which began with legalized social discrimination against specific groups, involuntary hospitalization, euthanasia, and forced sterilization of persons considered physically or mentally unfit for society.
See Germany and Holocaust victims
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor.
See Germany and Holy Roman Empire
House music
House is a genre of electronic dance music characterized by a repetitive four-on-the-floor beat and a typical tempo of 115–130 beats per minute.
House of Habsburg
The House of Habsburg (Haus Habsburg), also known as the House of Austria, was one of the most prominent and important dynasties in European history.
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Hugo Boss
Hugo Boss AG (stylized as HUGO BOSS) is an elite fashion company headquartered in Metzingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The company sells clothing, accessories, footwear, and leather goods. Hugo Boss is one of the largest German clothing brands, with global sales of about in 2023. Its stock is a component of the MDAX.
Humboldt University of Berlin
The Humboldt University of Berlin (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, abbreviated HU Berlin) is a public research university in the central borough of Mitte in Berlin, Germany.
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Humboldtian model of higher education
The Humboldtian model of higher education (German: Humboldtsches Bildungsideal, literally: Humboldtian education ideal) or just Humboldt's Ideal is a concept of academic education that emerged in the early 19th century and whose core idea is a holistic combination of research and studies.
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Huns
The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe between the 4th and 6th centuries AD.
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Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic
Hyperinflation affected the German Papiermark, the currency of the Weimar Republic, between 1921 and 1923, primarily in 1923.
See Germany and Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic
ICE 3
ICE 3, also known as Intercity-Express 3, is a family of high-speed electric multiple unit trains operated by Deutsche Bahn.
Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers.
Immigration to Germany
Immigration to Germany, both in the country's modern borders and the many political entities that preceded it, has occurred throughout the country's history.
See Germany and Immigration to Germany
Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)
The Imperial Diet (or Comitium Imperiale; Reichstag) was the deliberative body of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Imperial Estate
An Imperial Estate (Status Imperii; Reichsstand, plural: Reichsstände) was a part of the Holy Roman Empire with representation and the right to vote in the Imperial Diet (Reichstag).
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Imperial Reform
Imperial Reform (Reformatio imperii, Reichsreform) is the name given to repeated attempts in the 15th and 16th centuries to adapt the structure and the constitutional order (Verfassungsordnung) of the Holy Roman Empire to the requirements of the early modern state and to give it a unified government under either the Imperial Estates or the emperor's supremacy.
See Germany and Imperial Reform
Impressionism
Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of time), ordinary subject matter, unusual visual angles, and inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience.
Indian cuisine
Indian cuisine consists of a variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.
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Indie rock
Indie rock is a subgenre of rock music that originated in the United Kingdom, United States and New Zealand in the early to mid-1980s.
Infant mortality
Infant mortality is the death of an infant before the infant's first birthday.
See Germany and Infant mortality
Innovation
Innovation is the practical implementation of ideas that result in the introduction of new goods or services or improvement in offering goods or services.
Inquisitorial system
An inquisitorial system is a legal system in which the court, or a part of the court, is actively involved in investigating the facts of the case.
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Intercity Express
Intercity Express (commonly known as ICE) is a high-speed rail system in Germany.
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International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution funded by 190 member countries, with headquarters in Washington, D.C. It is regarded as the global lender of last resort to national governments, and a leading supporter of exchange-rate stability.
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International Transport Forum
The International Transport Forum (ITF) is an inter-governmental organisation within the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) system.
See Germany and International Transport Forum
Invasion of Poland
The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, Polish Campaign, War of Poland of 1939, and Polish Defensive War of 1939 (1 September – 6 October 1939), was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak Republic, and the Soviet Union, which marked the beginning of World War II.
See Germany and Invasion of Poland
Invasion of Yugoslavia
The invasion of Yugoslavia, also known as the April War or Operation 25, was a German-led attack on the Kingdom of Yugoslavia by the Axis powers which began on 6 April 1941 during World War II.
See Germany and Invasion of Yugoslavia
Investiture Controversy
The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest (Investiturstreit) was a conflict between the Church and the state in medieval Europe over the ability to choose and install bishops (investiture) and abbots of monasteries and the pope himself.
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Iranian peoples
The Iranian peoples or Iranic peoples are a diverse grouping of peoples who are identified by their usage of the Iranian languages (branch of the Indo-European languages) and other cultural similarities.
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Iron Curtain
During the Cold War, the Iron Curtain was a political metaphor used to describe the political and later physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991.
Irreligion in Germany
Irreligion is prevalent in Germany.
See Germany and Irreligion in Germany
Islam in Germany
Islam's significance in Germany has largely increased after the labour migration in the 1960s and several waves of political refugees since the 1970s.
See Germany and Islam in Germany
Islamic State
The Islamic State (IS), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and by its Arabic acronym Daesh, is a transnational Salafi jihadist group and an unrecognised quasi-state.
Italian campaign (World War II)
The Italian campaign of World War II, also called the Liberation of Italy following the German occupation in September 1943, consisted of Allied and Axis operations in and around Italy, from 1943 to 1945.
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Italian language
Italian (italiano,, or lingua italiana) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire.
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Jasmund National Park
The Jasmund National Park (German: Nationalpark Jasmund) is a nature reserve on the Jasmund peninsula, in the northeast of Rügen island in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
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Jastorf culture
The Jastorf culture was an Iron Age material culture in what is now northern Germany and the southern Scandinavian Peninsula, spanning the 6th to 1st centuries BC, forming the southern part of the Pre-Roman Iron Age.
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Jehovah's Witnesses
Jehovah's Witnesses is a nontrinitarian, millenarian, restorationist Christian denomination.
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Jews
The Jews (יְהוּדִים) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism.
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Johann Baptist Zimmermann
Johann Baptist Zimmermann (3 January 1680, Gaispoint — 2 March 1758, Munich) was a German painter and a prime stucco plasterer during the Baroque.
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Johann Gottlieb Fichte
Johann Gottlieb Fichte (19 May 1762 – 29 January 1814) was a German philosopher who became a founding figure of the philosophical movement known as German idealism, which developed from the theoretical and ethical writings of Immanuel Kant.
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Johann Sebastian Bach
Johann Sebastian Bach (28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque period.
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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German polymath and writer, who is widely regarded as the greatest and most influential writer in the German language.
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Johannes Brahms
Johannes Brahms (7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897) was a German composer, virtuoso pianist, and conductor of the mid-Romantic period.
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Johannes Gutenberg
Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg (– 3 February 1468) was a German inventor and craftsman who invented the movable-type printing press.
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Judicial review
Judicial review is a process under which a government's executive, legislative, or administrative actions are subject to review by the judiciary.
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Julius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar (12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman.
July 1932 German federal election
Federal elections were held in Germany on 31 July 1932, following the premature dissolution of the Reichstag.
See Germany and July 1932 German federal election
Kamerun
Kamerun was an African colony of the German Empire from 1884 to 1920 in the region of today's Republic of Cameroon.
Kapp Putsch
The Kapp Putsch, also known as the Kapp–Lüttwitz Putsch, was an attempted coup against the German national government in Berlin on 13 March 1920.
Karl Marx
Karl Marx (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German-born philosopher, political theorist, economist, historian, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist.
Karlheinz Stockhausen
Karlheinz Stockhausen (22 August 1928 – 5 December 2007) was a German composer, widely acknowledged by critics as one of the most important but also controversial composers of the 20th and early 21st centuries.
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Kiel
Kiel is the capital and most populous city in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein, with a population of 246,243 (2021).
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Kindergarten
Kindergarten is a preschool educational approach based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school.
Kingdom of Germany
The Kingdom of Germany or German Kingdom (regnum Teutonicorum 'kingdom of the Germans', regnum Teutonicum 'German kingdom', regnum Alamanie "kingdom of Germany") was the mostly Germanic language-speaking East Frankish kingdom, which was formed by the Treaty of Verdun in 843.
See Germany and Kingdom of Germany
Kingdom of Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen) constituted the German state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918.
See Germany and Kingdom of Prussia
Kjell Espmark
Kjell Erik Espmark (19 February 1930 – 18 September 2022) was a Swedish writer, literary historian, member of the Swedish Academy, and Professor of the History of Literature at Stockholm University.
Klemens von Metternich
Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar, Prince of Metternich-Winneburg zu Beilstein; Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar Fürst von Metternich-Winneburg zu Beilstein (15 May 1773 – 11 June 1859), known as Klemens von Metternich or Prince Metternich, was a conservative Austrian statesman and diplomat who was at the center of the European balance of power known as the Concert of Europe for three decades as the Austrian Empire's foreign minister from 1809 and Chancellor from 1821 until the liberal Revolutions of 1848 forced his resignation.
See Germany and Klemens von Metternich
Kommando Spezialkräfte
The Kommando Spezialkräfte (KSK) (Special Operations Forces (SOF) alternatively Special Operations Forces Command (SOFCOM)) is a special forces unit and a large brigade-level unit of the German Army for special operations and commando warfare, reconnaissance, counterterrorism, combat search and rescue as well as military advisor.
See Germany and Kommando Spezialkräfte
Konrad Adenauer
Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer (5 January 1876 – 19 April 1967) was a German statesman who served as the first chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1949 to 1963.
See Germany and Konrad Adenauer
Kraftwerk
Kraftwerk ("power plant") are a German electronic band formed in Düsseldorf in 1970 by Ralf Hütter and Florian Schneider.
Kristallnacht
Kristallnacht or the Night of Broken Glass, also called the November pogrom(s) (Novemberpogrome), was a pogrom against Jews carried out by the Nazi Party's nocat.
Kurdish language
Kurdish (Kurdî, کوردی) is a Northwestern Iranian language or group of languages spoken by Kurds in the region of Kurdistan, namely in Turkey, northern Iraq, northwest and northeast Iran, and Syria.
See Germany and Kurdish language
Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia
The Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia is the state parliament (Landtag) of the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia, which convenes in the state capital of Düsseldorf, in the eastern part of the district of Hafen.
See Germany and Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia
Languages of the Balkans
This is a list of languages spoken in regions ruled by Balkan countries.
See Germany and Languages of the Balkans
Languages of the European Union
The European Union (EU) has 24 official languages, of which threeEnglish, French and Germanhave the status of "procedural" languages of the European Commission (whereas the European Parliament accepts all official languages as working languages).
See Germany and Languages of the European Union
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
Lay judge
A lay judge, sometimes called a lay assessor, is a person assisting a judge in a trial.
Legislature
A legislature is a deliberative assembly with the legal authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country, nation or city.
Leibniz Association
The Leibniz Association (German: Leibniz-Gemeinschaft or Wissenschaftsgemeinschaft Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz) is a union of German non-university research institutes from various disciplines.
See Germany and Leibniz Association
Leipzig Book Fair
The Leipzig Book Fair (Leipziger Buchmesse) is the second largest book fair in Germany after the Frankfurt Book Fair.
See Germany and Leipzig Book Fair
Leipzig University
Leipzig University (Universität Leipzig), in Leipzig in Saxony, Germany, is one of the world's oldest universities and the second-oldest university (by consecutive years of existence) in Germany.
See Germany and Leipzig University
LGBT rights in Germany
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in Germany rank among the highest in the world; having evolved significantly over the course of the last decades.
See Germany and LGBT rights in Germany
Liberalism in Germany
This article aims to give a historical outline of liberalism in Germany (Liberalismus).
See Germany and Liberalism in Germany
Library of Congress Country Studies
The Country Studies are works published by the Federal Research Division of the United States Library of Congress, freely available for use by researchers.
See Germany and Library of Congress Country Studies
Lignite
Lignite (derived from Latin lignum meaning 'wood'), often referred to as brown coal, is a soft, brown, combustible sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat.
Limes Germanicus
The Limes Germanicus (Latin for Germanic frontier), or 'Germanic Limes', is the name given in modern times to a line of frontier (limes) fortifications that bounded the ancient Roman provinces of Germania Inferior, Germania Superior and Raetia, dividing the Roman Empire and the unsubdued Germanic tribes from the years 83 to about 260 AD.
See Germany and Limes Germanicus
Lion-man
The Löwenmensch figurine, also called the Lion-man of italic, is a prehistoric ivory sculpture discovered in Hohlenstein-Stadel, a German cave, part of the Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura UNESCO World Heritage Site, in 1939.
Lisberg
Lisberg is a community in Bavaria, Germany.
List of attendance figures at domestic professional sports leagues
The table below lists domestic professional sports leagues from around the world by total attendances for the last completed season for which data is available.
See Germany and List of attendance figures at domestic professional sports leagues
List of busiest container ports
This article lists the world's busiest container ports (ports with container terminals that specialize in handling goods transported in intermodal shipping containers), by total number of twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs) transported through the port.
See Germany and List of busiest container ports
List of busiest ports in Europe
The table below lists 20 of the busiest ports in Europe; Rotterdam currently ranks first here, and eleventh in the world by cargo tonnage.
See Germany and List of busiest ports in Europe
List of cities and towns in Germany
This is a complete list of the 2,056 cities and towns in Germany (as of 1 January 2024).
See Germany and List of cities and towns in Germany
List of cities in Germany by population
As defined by the German Federal Institute for Research on Building, Urban Affairs and Spatial Development, a Großstadt (large city) is a city with more than 100,000 inhabitants.
See Germany and List of cities in Germany by population
List of countries and dependencies by area
This is a list of the world's countries and their dependencies by land, water, and total area, ranked by total area.
See Germany and List of countries and dependencies by area
List of countries and dependencies by population
This is a list of countries and dependencies by population.
See Germany and List of countries and dependencies by population
List of countries and dependencies by population density
This is a list of countries and dependencies ranked by population density, sorted by inhabitants per square kilometre or square mile.
See Germany and List of countries and dependencies by population density
List of countries by beer consumption per capita
This is a list of countries ordered by annual per capita consumption of beer.
See Germany and List of countries by beer consumption per capita
List of countries by exports
The following article lists different countries and territories by their exports according to data from the World Bank.
See Germany and List of countries by exports
List of countries by GDP (nominal)
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the market value of all final goods and services from a nation in a given year.
See Germany and List of countries by GDP (nominal)
List of countries by GDP (PPP)
GDP (PPP) means gross domestic product based on purchasing power parity.
See Germany and List of countries by GDP (PPP)
List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita
This is a list of sovereign states and territories by per capita greenhouse gas emissions due to certain forms of human activity, based on the created by European Commission.
See Germany and List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita
List of countries by imports
This is a list of countries by imports, based on the International Trade Centre, except for the European Union.
See Germany and List of countries by imports
List of countries by life expectancy
This list of countries by life expectancy provides a comprehensive list of countries alongside their respective life expectancy figures.
See Germany and List of countries by life expectancy
List of countries by median age
This article is a list of countries by median age.
See Germany and List of countries by median age
List of countries by motor vehicle production
This is a list of countries by motor vehicle production based on International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers and other data from 2016 and earlier.
See Germany and List of countries by motor vehicle production
List of countries by total fertility rate
This is a list of all sovereign states and dependencies by total fertility rate (TFR): the expected number of children born per woman in her child-bearing years.
See Germany and List of countries by total fertility rate
List of countries with highest military expenditures
This is a list of countries with the highest military expenditure in a given year.
See Germany and List of countries with highest military expenditures
List of development aid sovereign state donors
International development aid is given by many non-private donors.
See Germany and List of development aid sovereign state donors
List of districts of Germany
The sixteen constituent states of Germany are divided into a total of 401 administrative ''Kreis'' or ''Landkreis''; these consist of 294 rural districts (Landkreise or Kreise – the latter in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein only), and 107 urban districts (Kreisfreie Städte or, in Baden-Württemberg only, Stadtkreise – cities that constitute districts in their own right).
See Germany and List of districts of Germany
List of early Germanic peoples
The list of early Germanic peoples is a register of ancient Germanic cultures, tribal groups, and other alliances of Germanic tribes and civilisations in ancient times.
See Germany and List of early Germanic peoples
List of European countries by area
Below is a list of European countries and dependencies by area in Europe.
See Germany and List of European countries by area
List of European countries by population
This list of European countries by population comprises the 51 countries and 5 territories and dependencies in Europe, broadly defined, including Cyprus, Kazakhstan, Turkey, and the countries of the Caucasus.
See Germany and List of European countries by population
List of European Union member states by unemployment rate
This is a list of European Union member states by unemployment and employment rate.
See Germany and List of European Union member states by unemployment rate
List of former German colonies
This is a list of former German colonies owned by states of Germany.
See Germany and List of former German colonies
List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions
Formula One, abbreviated to F1, is the highest class of open-wheeled auto racing defined by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), motorsport's world governing body.
See Germany and List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions
List of German Academy Award winners and nominees
This is a list of Academy Award winners and nominees from Germany.
See Germany and List of German Academy Award winners and nominees
List of German architects
The following are German-born or Germany-based architects listed according to their architectural style.
See Germany and List of German architects
List of German cheeses
Cheeses have played a significant role in German cuisine, both historically and in contemporary times.
See Germany and List of German cheeses
List of German states by GRDP
This article is about the gross regional domestic product (GRDP) of German states.
See Germany and List of German states by GRDP
List of German wine regions
German wine regions are classified according to the quality category of the wine grown therein: Tafelwein, Landwein, Qualitätswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete (QbA) and Prädikatswein.
See Germany and List of German wine regions
List of largest recorded music markets
The world's largest recorded music markets are listed annually by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI).
See Germany and List of largest recorded music markets
List of magazines in Germany
The following is an incomplete list of current and defunct magazines published in Germany. Their language may be German or other languages.
See Germany and List of magazines in Germany
List of manufacturers by motor vehicle production
This is a list of manufacturers by motor vehicle production, by year, based on Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles (OICA).
See Germany and List of manufacturers by motor vehicle production
List of national flowers
In a number of countries, plants have been chosen as symbols to represent specific geographic areas.
See Germany and List of national flowers
List of national parks of Germany
The following are the 16 national parks of Germany, sorted from North to South: Germany also has 14 Biosphere Reserves, as well as 98 nature parks.
See Germany and List of national parks of Germany
List of nature parks in Germany
Nature parks in Germany (Naturparks) have been established under section 22, paragraph 4 of that country's Federal Nature Conservation Act (BNatSchG).
See Germany and List of nature parks in Germany
List of newspapers in Germany
The number of national daily newspapers in Germany was 598 in 1950, whereas it was 375 in 1965.
See Germany and List of newspapers in Germany
List of oldest universities in continuous operation
This is a list of the oldest existing universities in continuous operation in the world.
See Germany and List of oldest universities in continuous operation
List of radio stations in Germany
This list of radio stations in Germany lists all radio stations broadcast in Germany, sorted first by legal status, then by area.
See Germany and List of radio stations in Germany
List of sovereign states by immigrant and emigrant population
These are lists of countries by foreign-born population (immigrants) and lists of countries by number native-born persons living in a foreign country (emigrants).
See Germany and List of sovereign states by immigrant and emigrant population
List of sovereign states by research and development spending
This is a list of countries by research and development (R&D) spending in real terms, based on data published by World Bank, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
See Germany and List of sovereign states by research and development spending
List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (nominal)
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the market value of all final goods and services from a nation in a given year.
See Germany and List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (nominal)
List of universities in Germany
This is a list of the universities in Germany, of which there are about seventy.
See Germany and List of universities in Germany
List of wine-producing regions
Wines are produced in significant growing regions where vineyards are planted.
See Germany and List of wine-producing regions
List of World Heritage Sites in Germany
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) designates World Heritage Sites of outstanding universal value to cultural or natural heritage which have been nominated by countries signatories to the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972.
See Germany and List of World Heritage Sites in Germany
List of zoos in Germany
This list of zoos, animal parks, wildlife parks, bird parks and other public zoological establishments in Germany is sorted by location.
See Germany and List of zoos in Germany
Live birth (human)
In human reproduction, a live birth occurs when a fetus exits the mother showing any definite sign of life such as voluntary movement, heartbeat, or pulsation of the umbilical cord, for however brief a time and regardless of whether the umbilical cord or placenta are intact.
See Germany and Live birth (human)
Low Franconian
In historical and comparative linguistics, Low Franconian is a linguistic category used to classify a number of historical and contemporary West Germanic varieties closely related to, and including, the Dutch language.
See Germany and Low Franconian
Low German
Low German is a West Germanic language spoken mainly in Northern Germany and the northeastern Netherlands.
Lower Paleolithic
The Lower Paleolithic (or Lower Palaeolithic) is the earliest subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age.
See Germany and Lower Paleolithic
Lower Saxony
Lower Saxony is a German state in northwestern Germany.
Lucas Cranach the Elder
Lucas Cranach the Elder (Lucas Cranach der Ältere; – 16 October 1553) was a German Renaissance painter and printmaker in woodcut and engraving.
See Germany and Lucas Cranach the Elder
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (born Maria Ludwig Michael Mies; March 27, 1886August 17, 1969) was a German-American architect, academic, and interior designer.
See Germany and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist.
See Germany and Ludwig van Beethoven
Lusatia
Lusatia (Łużyce, Łužica, Łužyca, Lužice) is a historical region in Central Europe, territorially split between Germany and modern-day Poland.
Luther Bible
The Luther Bible (Lutherbibel) is a German language Bible translation by the Protestant reformer Martin Luther.
Lutheranism
Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestantism that identifies primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practices of the Catholic Church ended the Middle Ages and, in 1517, launched the Reformation.
Luxembourg
Luxembourg (Lëtzebuerg; Luxemburg; Luxembourg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a small landlocked country in Western Europe. Germany and Luxembourg are countries and territories where German is an official language, countries in Europe, member states of NATO, member states of the European Union, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, member states of the United Nations, OECD members and western European countries.
Maastricht Treaty
The Treaty on European Union, commonly known as the Maastricht Treaty, is the foundation treaty of the European Union (EU).
See Germany and Maastricht Treaty
Magdeburg
Magdeburg is the capital of the German state Saxony-Anhalt.
Mainz
Mainz (see below) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, and with around 223,000 inhabitants, it is Germany's 35th-largest city.
Manufacturing
Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with the help of equipment, labor, machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing or formulation.
Maria Theresa
Maria Theresa (Maria Theresia Walburga Amalia Christina; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was ruler of the Habsburg dominions from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position suo jure (in her own right).
Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative enacted in 1948 to provide foreign aid to Western Europe.
Martin Heidegger
Martin Heidegger (26 September 188926 May 1976) was a German philosopher who is best known for contributions to phenomenology, hermeneutics, and existentialism.
See Germany and Martin Heidegger
Martin Luther
Martin Luther (10 November 1483– 18 February 1546) was a German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, professor, and Augustinian friar.
Mass media
Mass media include the diverse arrays of media that reach a large audience via mass communication.
Matthias Grünewald
Matthias Grünewald (– 31 August 1528; also known as Mathis Gothart Nithart) was a German Renaissance painter of religious works who ignored Renaissance classicism to continue the style of late medieval Central European art into the 16th century.
See Germany and Matthias Grünewald
Max Ernst
Max Ernst (2 April 1891 – 1 April 1976) was a German (naturalised American in 1948 and French in 1958) painter, sculptor, printmaker, graphic artist, and poet.
Max Liebermann
Max Liebermann (20 July 1847 – 8 February 1935) was a German painter and printmaker, and one of the leading proponents of Impressionism in Germany and continental Europe.
See Germany and Max Liebermann
Max Planck Society
The Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e. V.; abbreviated MPG) is a formally independent non-governmental and non-profit association of German research institutes.
See Germany and Max Planck Society
Max Skladanowsky
Max Skladanowsky (30 April 1863 – 30 November 1939) was a German inventor and early filmmaker.
See Germany and Max Skladanowsky
Müritz National Park
The Müritz National Park (Müritz-Nationalpark) is a national park situated roughly in the middle between Berlin and Rostock, in the south of the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
See Germany and Müritz National Park
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (MV;; Mäkelborg-Vörpommern), also known by its anglicized name Mecklenburg–Western Pomerania, is a state in the north-east of Germany.
See Germany and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Member state of the European Union
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member states that are party to the EU's founding treaties, and thereby subject to the privileges and obligations of membership. Germany and member state of the European Union are member states of the European Union.
See Germany and Member state of the European Union
Mercedes-Benz
Mercedes-Benz, commonly referred to as Mercedes and sometimes as Benz, is a German luxury and commercial vehicle automotive brand established in 1926.
Metropolis (1927 film)
Metropolis is a 1927 German expressionist science-fiction silent film directed by Fritz Lang and written by Thea von Harbou in collaboration with Lang from von Harbou's 1925 novel of the same name (which was intentionally written as a treatment).
See Germany and Metropolis (1927 film)
Metropolitan regions in Germany
There are eleven metropolitan regions in Germany consisting of the country's most densely populated cities and their catchment areas.
See Germany and Metropolitan regions in Germany
Michael Schumacher
Michael Schumacher (born 3 January 1969) is a German former racing driver who competed in Formula One for Jordan, Benetton, Ferrari, and Mercedes.
See Germany and Michael Schumacher
Michelin Guide
The Michelin Guides are a series of guide books that have been published by the French tyre company Michelin since 1900.
See Germany and Michelin Guide
Minister President of Prussia
The office of Minister-President (Ministerpräsident), or Prime Minister, of Prussia existed from 1848, when it was formed by King Frederick William IV during the 1848–49 Revolution, until the abolition of Prussia in 1947 by the Allied Control Council.
See Germany and Minister President of Prussia
Mittelstand
Mittelstand (composed of the words "Mittel" for middle and "Stand" for class) commonly refers to a group of stable business enterprises in Germany, Austria and Switzerland that have proved successful in enduring economic change and turbulence.
Mixed-member proportional representation
Mixed-member proportional representation (MMP or MMPR) is a mixed electoral system which combines local majoritarian elections with a compensatory tier of party list votes, which are used to allocate additional members in a way that aims to produce proportional representation overall.
See Germany and Mixed-member proportional representation
Modern architecture
Modern architecture, also called modernist architecture, was an architectural movement and style that was prominent in the 20th century, between the earlier Art Deco and later postmodern movements.
See Germany and Modern architecture
Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, officially the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, was a non-aggression pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union with a secret protocol that partitioned between them or managed the sovereignty of the states in Central and Eastern Europe: Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland and Romania.
See Germany and Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
Monday demonstrations in East Germany
The Monday demonstrations (Montagsdemonstrationen in der DDR) were a series of peaceful political protests against the government of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) that took place in towns and cities around the country on various days of the week from 1989 to 1991.
See Germany and Monday demonstrations in East Germany
Mortality rate
Mortality rate, or death rate, is a measure of the number of deaths (in general, or due to a specific cause) in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time.
See Germany and Mortality rate
Moss
Mosses are small, non-vascular flowerless plants in the taxonomic division Bryophyta sensu stricto.
See Germany and Moss
Mouflon
The mouflon (Ovis gmelini) is a wild sheep native to the Caspian region, including eastern Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Iran.
Multinational state
A multinational state or a multinational union is a sovereign entity that comprises two or more nations or states.
See Germany and Multinational state
Munich
Munich (München) is the capital and most populous city of the Free State of Bavaria, Germany.
Munich Agreement
The Munich Agreement was an agreement reached in Munich on 30 September 1938, by Nazi Germany, the United Kingdom, the French Republic, and Fascist Italy.
See Germany and Munich Agreement
Munich Airport
Munich Airport Franz Josef Strauss (Flughafen München „Franz Josef Strauß“) is an international airport serving Munich and Upper Bavaria.
See Germany and Munich Airport
Music of Germany
Germany claims some of the most renowned composers, singers, producers and performers of the world.
See Germany and Music of Germany
Nacht und Nebel
Nacht und Nebel (German), meaning Night and Fog, also known as the Night and Fog Decree, was a directive issued by Adolf Hitler on 7 December, 1941 targeting political activists and resistance "helpers" in the territories occupied by Nazi Germany during World War II, who were to be imprisoned, murdered, or made to disappear, while the family and the population remained uncertain as to the fate or whereabouts of the alleged offender against the Nazi occupation power.
See Germany and Nacht und Nebel
Namibia
Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa. Germany and Namibia are member states of the United Nations.
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of successful campaigns across Europe during the Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815.
Napoleonic era
The Napoleonic era is a period in the history of France and Europe.
See Germany and Napoleonic era
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of conflicts fought between the First French Empire under Napoleon Bonaparte (1804–1815) and a fluctuating array of European coalitions.
See Germany and Napoleonic Wars
Natalism
Natalism (also called pronatalism or the pro-birth position) is a policy paradigm or personal value that promotes the reproduction of human life as an important objective of humanity and therefore advocates high birthrate.
National day
A national day is a day on which celebrations mark the statehood or nationhood of a state or its people.
Nativity play
A Nativity play or Christmas pageant is a play which recounts the story of the Nativity of Jesus.
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 32 member states—30 European and 2 North American.
See Germany and NATO
NATO bombing of Yugoslavia
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) carried out an aerial bombing campaign against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia during the Kosovo War.
See Germany and NATO bombing of Yugoslavia
Nazi concentration camps
From 1933 to 1945, Nazi Germany operated more than a thousand concentration camps (Konzentrationslager), including subcamps on its own territory and in parts of German-occupied Europe.
See Germany and Nazi concentration camps
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.
Nazi Party
The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP), was a far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported the ideology of Nazism.
Neandertal (valley)
The Neandertal (also,; sometimes called "the Neander Valley" in English) is a small valley of the river Düssel in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, located about east of Düsseldorf, the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia.
See Germany and Neandertal (valley)
Neanderthal
Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis or H. sapiens neanderthalensis) are an extinct group of archaic humans (generally regarded as a distinct species, though some regard it as a subspecies of Homo sapiens) who lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago.
Nebra sky disc
The Nebra sky disc (Himmelsscheibe von Nebra) is a bronze disc of around diameter and a weight of, having a blue-green patina and inlaid with gold symbols.
See Germany and Nebra sky disc
Neo-expressionism
Neo-expressionism is a style of late modernist or early-postmodern painting and sculpture that emerged in the late 1970s.
See Germany and Neo-expressionism
Neolithic
The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Greek νέος 'new' and λίθος 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Europe, Asia and Africa.
Netherlands
The Netherlands, informally Holland, is a country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean. Germany and Netherlands are countries in Europe, member states of NATO, member states of the European Union, member states of the United Nations, OECD members and western European countries.
Neue Deutsche Welle
Neue Deutsche Welle (NDW,, "New German Wave") is a genre of West German rock music originally derived from post-punk and new wave music with electronic influences.
See Germany and Neue Deutsche Welle
Neuendorf-Sachsenbande
Neuendorf-Sachsenbande is a municipality in Wilstermarsch, in the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
See Germany and Neuendorf-Sachsenbande
Neuschwanstein Castle
Neuschwanstein Castle (Schloss Neuschwanstein,; Schloss Neischwanstoa) is a 19th-century historicist palace on a rugged hill of the foothills of the Alps in the very south of Germany, near the border with Austria.
See Germany and Neuschwanstein Castle
New German Cinema
New German Cinema (Neuer Deutscher Film) is a period in German cinema which lasted from 1962 to 1982, in which a new generation of directors emerged who, working with low budgets, and influenced by the French New Wave and Italian Neorealism, gained notice by producing a number of "small" motion pictures that caught the attention of art house audiences.
See Germany and New German Cinema
New Imperialism
In historical contexts, New Imperialism characterizes a period of colonial expansion by European powers, the United States, and Japan during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
See Germany and New Imperialism
New Leipzig School
The New Leipzig School (Neue Leipziger Schule) is a movement in German painting, centred in the city of Leipzig after the German reunification.
See Germany and New Leipzig School
New Objectivity
The New Objectivity (in Neue Sachlichkeit) was a movement in German art that arose during the 1920s as a reaction against expressionism.
See Germany and New Objectivity
New Objectivity (architecture)
The New Objectivity (a translation of the German Neue Sachlichkeit, sometimes also translated as New Sobriety) is a name often given to the Modern architecture that emerged in Europe, primarily German-speaking Europe, in the 1920s and 30s.
See Germany and New Objectivity (architecture)
New states of Germany
The new states of Germany (die neuen Länder / die neuen Bundesländer) are the five re-established states of the former German Democratic Republic (GDR) that unified with the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) with its 10 "old states" upon German reunification on 3 October 1990.
See Germany and New states of Germany
Nordic Bronze Age
The Nordic Bronze Age (also Northern Bronze Age, or Scandinavian Bronze Age) is a period of Scandinavian prehistory from.
See Germany and Nordic Bronze Age
North Africa
North Africa (sometimes Northern Africa) is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of the Western Sahara in the west, to Egypt and Sudan's Red Sea coast in the east.
North African campaign
The North African campaign of World War II took place in North Africa from 10 June 1940 to 13 May 1943, fought between the Allies and the Axis Powers.
See Germany and North African campaign
North Frisian language
North Frisian is a minority language of Germany, spoken by about 10,000 people in North Frisia.
See Germany and North Frisian language
North German Confederation
The North German Confederation (Norddeutscher Bund) was initially a German military alliance established in August 1866 under the leadership of the Kingdom of Prussia, which was transformed in the subsequent year into a confederated state (a de facto federal state) that existed from July 1867 to December 1870.
See Germany and North German Confederation
North German Confederation Treaty
The North German Confederation Treaty (in German Augustbündnis, or Alliance of August) (also called the North German Federation Treaty and the Treaty of 18 August 1866) was the treaty between the Kingdom of Prussia and other northern and central German states that initially created the North German Confederation, which was the forerunner to the German Empire.
See Germany and North German Confederation Treaty
North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia or North-Rhine/Westphalia, commonly shortened to NRW, is a state (Land) in Western Germany. With more than 18 million inhabitants, it is the most populous state in Germany. Apart from the city-states, it is also the most densely populated state in Germany. Covering an area of, it is the fourth-largest German state by size.
See Germany and North Rhine-Westphalia
North Sea
The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Denmark, Norway, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and France.
Northern Germany
Northern Germany (Norddeutschland) is a linguistic, geographic, socio-cultural and historic region in the northern part of Germany which includes the coastal states of Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Lower Saxony and the two city-states Hamburg and Bremen.
See Germany and Northern Germany
Nowhere in Africa
Nowhere in Africa (Nirgendwo in Afrika) is a 2001 German drama film that was written and directed by Caroline Link.
See Germany and Nowhere in Africa
Nuclear power in Germany
Nuclear power was used in Germany from the 1960s until it was phased out in April 2023.
See Germany and Nuclear power in Germany
Nuremberg Laws
The Nuremberg Laws (Nürnberger Gesetze) were antisemitic and racist laws that were enacted in Nazi Germany on 15 September 1935, at a special meeting of the Reichstag convened during the annual Nuremberg Rally of the Nazi Party.
See Germany and Nuremberg Laws
Nuremberg trials
The Nuremberg trials were held by the Allies against representatives of the defeated Nazi Germany for plotting and carrying out invasions of other countries across Europe and atrocities against their citizens in World War II.
See Germany and Nuremberg trials
Oak
An oak is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus Quercus of the beech family.
See Germany and Oak
Obesity in Germany
Obesity in Germany has been increasingly cited as a major health issue in recent years.
See Germany and Obesity in Germany
Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)
The military occupation of Czechoslovakia by Nazi Germany began with the German annexation of the Sudetenland in 1938, continued with the creation of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and by the end of 1944 extended to all parts of Czechoslovakia.
See Germany and Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)
Occupation of the Ruhr
The Occupation of the Ruhr (Ruhrbesetzung) was the period from 11 January 1923 to 25 August 1925 when French and Belgian troops occupied the Ruhr region of Weimar Republic Germany.
See Germany and Occupation of the Ruhr
Oceanic climate
An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate or maritime climate, is the temperate climate sub-type in Köppen classification represented as Cfb, typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, generally featuring cool to warm summers and cool to mild winters (for their latitude), with a relatively narrow annual temperature range and few extremes of temperature.
See Germany and Oceanic climate
OECD
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE) is an intergovernmental organisation with 38 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade.
See Germany and OECD
Offshore wind power
Offshore wind power or offshore wind energy is the generation of electricity through wind farms in bodies of water, usually at sea.
See Germany and Offshore wind power
Oktoberfest
Oktoberfest (Wiesn, Oktobafest) is the world's largest Volksfest, featuring a beer festival and a travelling carnival, and is held annually in Munich, Bavaria, from mid- or late-September to the first Sunday in October, with more than six million international and national visitors attending the event.
Olaf Scholz
Olaf Scholz (born) is a German politician who has been the chancellor of Germany since 8 December 2021.
Old High German
Old High German (OHG; Althochdeutsch (Ahdt., Ahd.)) is the earliest stage of the German language, conventionally identified as the period from around 500/750 to 1050.
See Germany and Old High German
Olympic Games
The modern Olympic Games or Olympics (Jeux olympiques) are the leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions.
Opel
Opel Automobile GmbH, usually shortened to Opel, is a German automobile manufacturer which has been a subsidiary of Stellantis since 16 January 2021.
See Germany and Opel
Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa (Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies, starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II.
See Germany and Operation Barbarossa
Operation Overlord
Operation Overlord was the codename for the Battle of Normandy, the Allied operation that launched the successful liberation of German-occupied Western Europe during World War II.
See Germany and Operation Overlord
Operation Weserübung
Operation Weserübung (Unternehmen Weserübung,, 9 April – 10 June 1940) was the invasion of Denmark and Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War and the opening operation of the Norwegian Campaign.
See Germany and Operation Weserübung
Ostpolitik
Neue Ostpolitik (German for "new eastern policy"), or Ostpolitik for short, was the normalization of relations between the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, or West Germany) and Eastern Europe, particularly the German Democratic Republic (GDR, or East Germany) beginning in 1969.
Ostsiedlung
Ostsiedlung is the term for the Early Medieval and High Medieval migration of ethnic Germans and Germanization of the areas populated by Slavic, Baltic and Finnic peoples, the most settled area was known as Germania Slavica.
Oswald Spengler
Oswald Arnold Gottfried Spengler (29 May 1880 – 8 May 1936) was a German polymath whose areas of interest included history, philosophy, mathematics, science, and art, as well as their relation to his organic theory of history.
See Germany and Oswald Spengler
Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor
Otto III (June/July 980 – 23 January 1002) was the Holy Roman Emperor from 996 until his death in 1002.
See Germany and Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor
Otto von Bismarck
Otto, Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg (1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898; born Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck) was a Prussian statesman and diplomat who oversaw the unification of Germany.
See Germany and Otto von Bismarck
Ottonian architecture
Ottonian architecture is an architectural style which evolved during the reign of Emperor Otto the Great.
See Germany and Ottonian architecture
Ottonian dynasty
The Ottonian dynasty (Ottonen) was a Saxon dynasty of German monarchs (919–1024), named after three of its kings and Holy Roman Emperors named Otto, especially its first Emperor Otto I. It is also known as the Saxon dynasty after the family's origin in the German stem duchy of Saxony.
See Germany and Ottonian dynasty
Outline of Germany
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Germany: Germany – federal parliamentary republic in Western-Central Europe consisting of 16 constituent states (Bundesland), which retain limited sovereignty.
See Germany and Outline of Germany
Paleolithic flute
During regular archaeological excavations, several flutes that date to the European Upper Paleolithic were discovered in caves in the Swabian Alb region of Germany.
See Germany and Paleolithic flute
Paris Agreement
The Paris Agreement (or Paris Accords, Paris Climate Accords) is an international treaty on climate change that was signed in 2016.
See Germany and Paris Agreement
Parliamentary system
A parliamentary system, or parliamentary democracy, is a system of democratic government where the head of government (who may also be the head of state) derives their democratic legitimacy from their ability to command the support ("confidence") of the legislature, typically a parliament, to which they are accountable.
See Germany and Parliamentary system
Partitions of Poland
The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 123 years.
See Germany and Partitions of Poland
Paul Kalkbrenner
Paul Kalkbrenner (born 11 June 1977) is a German musician and producer of electronic music.
See Germany and Paul Kalkbrenner
Paul van Dyk
Matthias Paul (born 16 December 1971), known professionally as Paul van Dyk is a German DJ, record producer and musician.
Peace of Augsburg
The Peace of Augsburg (Augsburger Frieden), also called the Augsburg Settlement, was a treaty between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and the Schmalkaldic League, signed on 25 September 1555 in the German city of Augsburg.
See Germany and Peace of Augsburg
Peace of Westphalia
The Peace of Westphalia (Westfälischer Friede) is the collective name for two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster.
See Germany and Peace of Westphalia
Peaceful Revolution
Peaceful Revolution (Friedliche Revolution) was the process of sociopolitical change that led to the opening of East Germany's borders to the Western world as part of the Revolutions of 1989.
See Germany and Peaceful Revolution
Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany
Before 1933, male homosexual acts were illegal in Germany under Paragraph 175 of the German Criminal Code.
See Germany and Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany
Perspectivism
Perspectivism (Perspektivismus; also called perspectivalism) is the epistemological principle that perception of and knowledge of something are always bound to the interpretive perspectives of those observing it.
Pine
A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus Pinus of the family Pinaceae.
See Germany and Pine
Pizza
Pizza is an Italian dish typically consisting of a flat base of leavened wheat-based dough topped with tomato, cheese, and other ingredients, baked at a high temperature, traditionally in a wood-fired oven.
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. Germany and Poland are countries in Europe, member states of NATO, member states of the European Union, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, member states of the United Nations and OECD members.
Polish language
Polish (język polski,, polszczyzna or simply polski) is a West Slavic language of the Lechitic group within the Indo-European language family written in the Latin script.
See Germany and Polish language
Polish people
Polish people, or Poles, are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation who share a common history, culture, the Polish language and are identified with the country of Poland in Central Europe.
Politburo
A politburo or political bureau is the highest political organ of the central committee in communist parties.
Pop music
Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form during the mid-1950s in the United States and the United Kingdom.
Pop rock
Pop rock (also typeset as pop/rock) is a fusion genre and form of rock music characterized by a strong commercial appeal, with more emphasis on professional songwriting and recording craft, and less emphasis on attitude than standard rock music.
Pope Gregory V
Pope Gregory V (Gregorius V; c. 972 – 18 February 999), born Bruno of Carinthia, was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 3 May 996 to his death.
See Germany and Pope Gregory V
Porsche
Dr.
Port of Hamburg
The Port of Hamburg (Hamburger Hafen) is a seaport on the river Elbe in Hamburg, Germany, from its mouth on the North Sea.
See Germany and Port of Hamburg
Post-Soviet states
The post-Soviet states, also referred to as the former Soviet Union (FSU) or the former Soviet republics, are the independent sovereign states that emerged/re-emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
See Germany and Post-Soviet states
Potash
Potash includes various mined and manufactured salts that contain potassium in water-soluble form.
Potsdam
Potsdam is the capital and largest city of the German state of Brandenburg.
President of Germany
The president of Germany, officially titled the Federal President of the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundespräsident der Bundesrepublik Deutschland),The official title within Germany is Bundespräsident, with der Bundesrepublik Deutschland being added in international correspondence; the official English title is President of the Federal Republic of Germany is the head of state of Germany.
See Germany and President of Germany
President of the Bundestag
The president of the Bundestag (Präsident des Deutschen Bundestages or Bundestagspräsident) presides over the sessions of the Bundestag, the federal parliament of Germany, with functions similar to that of a speaker in other countries.
See Germany and President of the Bundestag
Prince-elector
The prince-electors (Kurfürst pl. Kurfürsten, Kurfiřt, Princeps Elector) were the members of the electoral college that elected the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire.
See Germany and Prince-elector
Pritzker Architecture Prize
The Pritzker Architecture Prize is an international architecture award presented annually "to honor a living architect or architects whose built work demonstrates a combination of those qualities of talent, vision and commitment which has produced consistent and significant contributions to humanity and the built environment through the art of architecture.” Founded in 1979 by Jay A.
See Germany and Pritzker Architecture Prize
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (often abbreviated PNAS or PNAS USA) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal.
See Germany and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Product design
Product design is the process of creating new products for sale businesses to its customers.
See Germany and Product design
ProSiebenSat.1 Media
ProSiebenSat.1 Media SE (officially abbreviated as P7S1, formerly ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG) is a German mass media and digital company.
See Germany and ProSiebenSat.1 Media
Protestantism in Germany
The religion of Protestantism (Protestantismus), a form of Christianity, was founded within Germany in the 16th-century Reformation.
See Germany and Protestantism in Germany
Proto-Germanic language
Proto-Germanic (abbreviated PGmc; also called Common Germanic) is the reconstructed proto-language of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages.
See Germany and Proto-Germanic language
Proto-Indo-European language
Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family.
See Germany and Proto-Indo-European language
Prussia
Prussia (Preußen; Old Prussian: Prūsa or Prūsija) was a German state located on most of the North European Plain, also occupying southern and eastern regions.
Public holidays in Germany
By law, "the Sundays and the public holidays remain protected as days of rest from work and of spiritual elevation" (Art. 139 WRV, part of the German constitution via Art. 140 GG).
See Germany and Public holidays in Germany
Puma (brand)
Puma SE is a German multinational corporation who design and manufacture athletic and casual footwear, apparel, and accessories, headquartered in Herzogenaurach, Bavaria, Germany.
Queen consort
A queen consort is the wife of a reigning king, and usually shares her spouse's social rank and status.
Rainer Werner Fassbinder
Rainer Werner Fassbinder (31 May 1945 – 10 June 1982), sometimes credited as R. W. Fassbinder, was a German filmmaker, actor, and dramatist.
See Germany and Rainer Werner Fassbinder
Rationalism
In philosophy, rationalism is the epistemological view that "regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge" or "any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification",Lacey, A.R. (1996), A Dictionary of Philosophy, 1st edition, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1976.
Red fox
The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is the largest of the true foxes and one of the most widely distributed members of the order Carnivora, being present across the entire Northern Hemisphere including most of North America, Europe and Asia, plus parts of North Africa.
Reformation
The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation and the European Reformation, was a major theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and the authority of the Catholic Church.
Reformed Christianity
Reformed Christianity, also called Calvinism, is a major branch of Protestantism that began during the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation, a schism in the Western Church.
See Germany and Reformed Christianity
Reichsautobahn
The Reichsautobahn system was the beginning of the German autobahns under Nazi Germany.
See Germany and Reichsautobahn
Reichstag building
The Reichstag (officially: Plenarbereich Reichstagsgebäude; Imperial Assembly), a historic legislative government building on Platz der Republik in Berlin, is the seat of the German Bundestag.
See Germany and Reichstag building
Reichstag fire
The Reichstag fire (Reichstagsbrand) was an arson attack on the Reichstag building, home of the German parliament in Berlin, on Monday, 27 February 1933, precisely four weeks after Adolf Hitler was sworn in as Chancellor of Germany.
See Germany and Reichstag fire
Reichstag Fire Decree
The Reichstag Fire Decree (Reichstagsbrandverordnung) is the common name of the Decree of the Reich President for the Protection of People and State (Verordnung des Reichspräsidenten zum Schutz von Volk und Staat) issued by German President Paul von Hindenburg on the advice of Chancellor Adolf Hitler on 28 February 1933 in immediate response to the Reichstag fire.
See Germany and Reichstag Fire Decree
Reinheitsgebot
The Reinheitsgebot (literally "purity order") is a series of regulations limiting the ingredients in beer in Germany and the states of the former Holy Roman Empire.
See Germany and Reinheitsgebot
Religious denomination
A religious denomination is a subgroup within a religion that operates under a common name and tradition, among other activities.
See Germany and Religious denomination
Remilitarisation of the Rhineland
The remilitarisation of the Rhineland began on 7 March 1936, when military forces of the German Reich entered the Rhineland, which directly contravened the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno Treaties.
See Germany and Remilitarisation of the Rhineland
Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria
The removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria occurred in 1989 during the end of communism in Hungary, which was part of a broad wave of revolutions in various communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe.
See Germany and Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria
Renaissance
The Renaissance is a period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries.
Renaissance architecture
Renaissance architecture is the European architecture of the period between the early 15th and early 16th centuries in different regions, demonstrating a conscious revival and development of certain elements of ancient Greek and Roman thought and material culture.
See Germany and Renaissance architecture
Renewable energy
Renewable energy (or green energy) is energy from renewable natural resources that are replenished on a human timescale.
See Germany and Renewable energy
Rentenmark
The Rentenmark (RM) was a currency issued on 15 November 1923 to stop the hyperinflation of 1922 and 1923 in Weimar Germany, after the previously used "paper" Mark had become almost worthless.
Representative democracy
Representative democracy (also called electoral democracy or indirect democracy) is a type of democracy where representatives are elected by the public.
See Germany and Representative democracy
Research and development
Research and development (R&D or R+D; also known in Europe as research and technological development or RTD) is the set of innovative activities undertaken by corporations or governments in developing new services or products and carrier science computer marketplace e-commerce, copy center and service maintenance troubleshooting software, hardware improving existing ones.
See Germany and Research and development
Resolute Support Mission
Resolute Support Mission (RSM) or Operation Resolute Support was a NATO-led multinational mission in Afghanistan.
See Germany and Resolute Support Mission
Revolutions of 1848
The revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the springtime of the peoples or the springtime of nations, were a series of revolutions throughout Europe over the course of more than one year, from 1848 to 1849.
See Germany and Revolutions of 1848
Revolutions of 1989
The Revolutions of 1989, also known as the Fall of Communism, were a revolutionary wave of liberal democracy movements that resulted in the collapse of most Marxist–Leninist governments in the Eastern Bloc and other parts of the world.
See Germany and Revolutions of 1989
Rhine
--> The Rhine is one of the major European rivers.
Rhineland
The Rhineland (Rheinland; Rhénanie; Rijnland; Rhingland; Latinised name: Rhenania) is a loosely defined area of Western Germany along the Rhine, chiefly its middle section.
Rhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz; Rheinland-Pfalz; Rhoilond-Palz) is a western state of Germany.
See Germany and Rhineland-Palatinate
Richard Strauss
Richard Georg Strauss (11 June 1864 – 8 September 1949) was a German composer and conductor best known for his tone poems and operas.
See Germany and Richard Strauss
Richard Wagner
Wilhelm Richard Wagner (22 May 181313 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (or, as some of his mature works were later known, "music dramas").
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Robert Schumann
Robert Schumann (8 June 181029 July 1856) was a German composer, pianist, and music critic of the early Romantic era.
See Germany and Robert Schumann
Robert Wiene
Robert Wiene (27 April 1873 – 17 July 1938) was a German film director, screenwriter and producer, active during the silent era.
Robin Schulz
Robin Alexander Schulz (born 28 April 1987) is a German musician, DJ and record producer.
Rock music in Germany
German rock music (Deutschrock) came into its own only by the late 1960s, but spawned many bands spanning genres such as krautrock, Neue Deutsche Welle, heavy metal, punk, and industrial.
See Germany and Rock music in Germany
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.
Roman law
Roman law is the legal system of ancient Rome, including the legal developments spanning over a thousand years of jurisprudence, from the Twelve Tables, to the (AD 529) ordered by Eastern Roman emperor Justinian I. Roman law forms the basic framework for civil law, the most widely used legal system today, and the terms are sometimes used synonymously.
Roman legion
The Roman legion (legiō), the largest military unit of the Roman army, was composed of Roman citizens serving as legionaries.
Roman province
The Roman provinces (pl.) were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire.
See Germany and Roman province
Romance languages
The Romance languages, also known as the Latin or Neo-Latin languages, are the languages that are directly descended from Vulgar Latin.
See Germany and Romance languages
Romanesque architecture
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe that was predominant in the 11th and 12th centuries.
See Germany and Romanesque architecture
Romani Holocaust
The Romani Holocaust was the planned effort by Nazi Germany and its World War II allies and collaborators to commit ethnic cleansing and eventually genocide against European Roma and Sinti peoples during the Holocaust era.
See Germany and Romani Holocaust
Romani language
Romani (also Romany, Romanes, Roma; rromani ćhib) is an Indo-Aryan macrolanguage of the Romani communities.
See Germany and Romani language
Romani people
The Romani, also spelled Romany or Rromani and colloquially known as the Roma (Rom), are an ethnic group of Indo-Aryan origin who traditionally lived a nomadic, itinerant lifestyle.
Romantic music
Romantic music is a stylistic movement in Western Classical music associated with the period of the 19th century commonly referred to as the Romantic era (or Romantic period).
See Germany and Romantic music
Romanticism
Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era) was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century.
Ruhr
The Ruhr (Ruhrgebiet, also Ruhrpott), also referred to as the Ruhr area, sometimes Ruhr district, Ruhr region, or Ruhr valley, is a polycentric urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
See Germany and Ruhr
Rule of law
The rule of law is a political ideal that all citizens and institutions within a country, state, or community are accountable to the same laws, including lawmakers and leaders.
Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. Germany and Russia are countries in Europe, federal republics, G20 members and member states of the United Nations.
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917.
See Germany and Russian Empire
Russian language
Russian is an East Slavic language, spoken primarily in Russia.
See Germany and Russian language
Russo-Ukrainian War
The ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War began in February 2014.
See Germany and Russo-Ukrainian War
Saar Protectorate
The Saar Protectorate (Saarprotektorat; Protectorat de la Sarre), officially Saarland (Sarre), was a French protectorate and a disputed territory separated from Germany.
See Germany and Saar Protectorate
Saarbrücken
Saarbrücken (Saar Bridges; Rhenish Franconian: Sabrigge; Sarrebruck; Saarbrécken; Saravipons) is the capital and largest city of the state of Saarland, Germany.
Saarland
Saarland (Sarre) is a state of Germany in the southwest of the country.
Salian dynasty
The Salian dynasty or Salic dynasty (Salier) was a dynasty in the High Middle Ages.
See Germany and Salian dynasty
Same-sex marriage in Germany
Same-sex marriage has been legal in Germany since 1 October 2017.
See Germany and Same-sex marriage in Germany
Sanssouci
Sanssouci is a historical building in Potsdam, near Berlin.
SAP
SAP SE is a German multinational software company based in Walldorf, Baden-Württemberg.
See Germany and SAP
Saterland Frisian language
Saterland Frisian, also known as Sater Frisian, Saterfrisian or Saterlandic (Seeltersk), spoken in the Saterland municipality of Lower Saxony in Germany, is the last living dialect of the East Frisian language.
See Germany and Saterland Frisian language
Saxon Switzerland National Park
Saxon Switzerland National Park (Nationalpark Sächsische Schweiz), is a national park in the German Free State of Saxony, near the Saxon capital Dresden.
See Germany and Saxon Switzerland National Park
Saxony
Saxony, officially the Free State of Saxony, is a landlocked state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, Bavaria, as well as the countries of Poland and the Czech Republic.
Saxony-Anhalt
Saxony-Anhalt (Sachsen-Anhalt; Sassen-Anholt) is a state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony, Thuringia and Lower Saxony.
Süddeutsche Zeitung
The Süddeutsche Zeitung, published in Munich, Bavaria, is one of the largest daily newspapers in Germany.
See Germany and Süddeutsche Zeitung
Scandinavia
Scandinavia is a subregion of Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples.
Schlager music
Schlager ("hit(s)") is a style of European popular music and radio format generally defined by catchy instrumental accompaniments to vocal pieces of pop music with simple, easygoing, and often sentimental lyrics.
See Germany and Schlager music
Schleswig-Holstein
Schleswig-Holstein (Slesvig-Holsten; Sleswig-Holsteen; Slaswik-Holstiinj; Sleswick-Holsatia) is the northernmost of the 16 states of Germany, comprising most of the historical Duchy of Holstein and the southern part of the former Duchy of Schleswig.
See Germany and Schleswig-Holstein
Schwerin
Schwerin (Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch Low German: Swerin; Polabian: Zwierzyn; Latin: Suerina, Suerinum) is the capital and second-largest city of the northeastern German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern as well as of the region of Mecklenburg, after Rostock.
Science and technology in Germany
Science and technology in Germany has a long and illustrious history, and research and development efforts form an integral part of the country's economy.
See Germany and Science and technology in Germany
Scooter (band)
Scooter is a German happy hardcore, rave and techno music band founded in Hamburg in 1993.
See Germany and Scooter (band)
Sebastian Vettel
Sebastian Vettel (born 3 July 1987) is a German racing driver who competed in Formula One from 2007 to 2022 for BMW Sauber, Toro Rosso, Red Bull, Ferrari and Aston Martin.
See Germany and Sebastian Vettel
Second Schleswig War
The Second Schleswig War (Den anden slesvigske krig; Deutsch-Dänischer Krieg or German Danish War), also sometimes known as the Dano-Prussian War or Prusso-Danish War, was the second military conflict over the Schleswig-Holstein Question of the nineteenth century.
See Germany and Second Schleswig War
Secularism
Secularism is the principle of seeking to conduct human affairs based on naturalistic considerations, uninvolved with religion.
Security
Security is protection from, or resilience against, potential harm (or other unwanted coercion).
Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Croatian – also called Serbo-Croat, Serbo-Croat-Bosnian (SCB), Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian (BCS), and Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian (BCMS) – is a South Slavic language and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro.
See Germany and Serbo-Croatian
Shia Islam
Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam.
Siemens
Siemens AG is a German multinational technology conglomerate.
Sinti
The Sinti (also Sinta or Sinte; masc. sing. Sinto; fem. sing. Sintesa) are a subgroup of Romani people.
Skyscraper
A skyscraper is a tall continuously habitable building having multiple floors.
Slavs
The Slavs or Slavic people are groups of people who speak Slavic languages.
Small and medium-sized enterprises
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) or small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) are businesses whose personnel and revenue numbers fall below certain limits.
See Germany and Small and medium-sized enterprises
Social Democratic Party of Germany
The Social Democratic Party of Germany (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands,; SPD) is a social democratic political party in Germany.
See Germany and Social Democratic Party of Germany
Social market economy
The social market economy (SOME; soziale Marktwirtschaft), also called Rhine capitalism, Rhine-Alpine capitalism, the Rhenish model, and social capitalism, is a socioeconomic model combining a free-market capitalist economic system alongside social policies and enough regulation to establish both fair competition within the market and generally a welfare state.
See Germany and Social market economy
Social security in Germany
Social security in Germany is codified on the Sozialgesetzbuch (SGB), or the "Social Code", contains 12 main parts, including the following,.
See Germany and Social security in Germany
Socialist Unity Party of Germany
The Socialist Unity Party of Germany (Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands,; SED) was the founding and ruling party of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) from the country's foundation in 1949 until its dissolution after the Peaceful Revolution in 1989.
See Germany and Socialist Unity Party of Germany
Solar panel
A solar panel is a device that converts sunlight into electricity by using photovoltaic (PV) cells.
Sorbian languages
The Sorbian languages (serbska rěč, serbska rěc) are the Upper Sorbian language and Lower Sorbian language, two closely related and partially mutually intelligible languages spoken by the Sorbs, a West Slavic ethno-cultural minority in the Lusatia region of Eastern Germany.
See Germany and Sorbian languages
Sorbs
Sorbs (Serbja, Serby, Sorben, Lužičtí Srbové, Serbołużyczanie; also known as Lusatians, Lusatian Serbs and Wends) are a West Slavic ethnic group predominantly inhabiting the parts of Lusatia located in the German states of Saxony and Brandenburg.
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. Germany and Soviet Union are federal republics.
Spanish language
Spanish (español) or Castilian (castellano) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin spoken on the Iberian Peninsula of Europe.
See Germany and Spanish language
Speed limits in Germany
Speed limits in Germany (German: Geschwindigkeitsbegrenzung) are set by the federal government.
See Germany and Speed limits in Germany
Sport in Germany
Sport in Germany is an important part of German culture and their society.
See Germany and Sport in Germany
Spruce
A spruce is a tree of the genus Picea, a genus of about 40 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal (taiga) regions of the Earth.
Startup company
A startup or start-up is a company or project undertaken by an entrepreneur to seek, develop, and validate a scalable business model.
See Germany and Startup company
Startup ecosystem
A startup ecosystem is formed by people in startups in their various stages, and various types of organizations in a location (physical or virtual) that are interacting as a system to create and scale new startup companies.
See Germany and Startup ecosystem
Stasi
The Ministry for State Security (Ministerium für Staatssicherheit,; abbreviated as "MfS"), commonly known as the italics, an abbreviation of Staatssicherheit, was the state security service and secret police of East Germany (the GDR) from 1950 to 1990.
State atheism
State atheism or atheist state is the incorporation of hard atheism or non-theism into political regimes.
State of defence
The state of defence is the constitutional state of emergency in Germany if the country is "under attack by armed force or imminently threatened with such an attack".
See Germany and State of defence
States of Germany
The Federal Republic of Germany, as a federal state, consists of sixteen states.
See Germany and States of Germany
States of the German Confederation
The states of the German Confederation were member states of the German Confederation, from 20 June 1815 until 24 August 1866.
See Germany and States of the German Confederation
Stem duchy
A stem duchy (Stammesherzogtum, from Stamm, meaning "tribe", in reference to the Franks, Saxons, Bavarians and Swabians) was a constituent duchy of the Kingdom of Germany at the time of the extinction of the Carolingian dynasty (death of Louis the Child in 911) and through the transitional period leading to the formation of the Ottonian Empire.
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) is an international institute based in Stockholm.
See Germany and Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
Stollen
Stollen is a fruit bread of nuts, spices, and dried or candied fruit, coated with powdered sugar or icing sugar and often containing marzipan.
Strafgesetzbuch
Strafgesetzbuch (literally "penal law book"), abbreviated to StGB, is the German penal code.
See Germany and Strafgesetzbuch
Stuttgart
Stuttgart (Swabian: italics) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg.
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims, and simultaneously the largest religious denomination in the world.
Surrealism
Surrealism is an art and cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists aimed to allow the unconscious mind to express itself, often resulting in the depiction of illogical or dreamlike scenes and ideas.
Sushi
is a Japanese dish of prepared, usually with some sugar and salt, plus a variety of, such as vegetables, and any meat, but most commonly seafood (often raw but can be cooked).
Sustainable energy
Energy is sustainable if it "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." Definitions of sustainable energy usually look at its effects on the environment, the economy and society.
See Germany and Sustainable energy
Swabian cuisine
Swabian cuisine is native to Swabia, a region in southwestern Germany comprising great parts of Württemberg and the Bavarian part of Swabia.
See Germany and Swabian cuisine
Switzerland
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. Germany and Switzerland are countries and territories where German is an official language, countries in Europe, federal republics, member states of the United Nations, OECD members and western European countries.
Tacitus
Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus (–), was a Roman historian and politician.
Taliban
The Taliban (lit), which also refers to itself by its state name, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is an Afghan militant movement with an ideology comprising elements of Pashtun nationalism and the Deobandi movement of Islamic fundamentalism.
Tangerine Dream
Tangerine Dream is a German electronic music band founded in 1967 by Edgar Froese.
See Germany and Tangerine Dream
Techno
Techno is a genre of electronic dance music which is generally produced for use in a continuous DJ set, with tempos being in the range of 120 to 150 beats per minute (BPM).
Telephone numbers in Germany
The regulation of telephone numbers in Germany is the responsibility of the Federal Network Agency (Bundesnetzagentur, BNetzA) of the German government.
See Germany and Telephone numbers in Germany
Television in Germany
Television in Germany began in Berlin on 22 March 1935, broadcasting for 90 minutes three times a week.
See Germany and Television in Germany
Temperate climate
In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth.
See Germany and Temperate climate
Territory of the Saar Basin
The Territory of the Saar Basin (Saarbeckengebiet, Saarterritorium; Territoire du bassin de la Sarre) was a region occupied and governed by the United Kingdom and France from 1920 to 1935 under a League of Nations mandate.
See Germany and Territory of the Saar Basin
Teutons
The Teutons (Teutones, Teutoni, Τεύτονες) were an ancient northern European tribe mentioned by Roman authors.
The Art Newspaper
The Art Newspaper is a monthly print publication, with daily updates online, founded in 1990 and based in London and New York City.
See Germany and The Art Newspaper
The Holocaust
The Holocaust was the genocide of European Jews during World War II.
The Journal of Legal Studies
The Journal of Legal Studies is a law journal published by the University of Chicago Press focusing on interdisciplinary academic research in law and legal institutions.
See Germany and The Journal of Legal Studies
The Left (Germany)
The Left (Die Linke), commonly referred to as the Left Party (Die Linkspartei), is a democratic socialist political party in Germany.
See Germany and The Left (Germany)
The Lives of Others
The Lives of Others (Das Leben der Anderen) is a 2006 German drama film written and directed by Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck marking his feature film directorial debut.
See Germany and The Lives of Others
The Times of India
The Times of India, also known by its abbreviation TOI, is an Indian English-language daily newspaper and digital news media owned and managed by The Times Group.
See Germany and The Times of India
The Tin Drum (film)
The Tin Drum (Die Blechtrommel) is a 1979 internationally co-produced magical realistic dark comedy anti-war film adaptation of Günter Grass's novel of the same name, directed by Volker Schlöndorff from a screenplay co-written by Schlöndorff, Jean-Claude Carrière, and Franz Seitz.
See Germany and The Tin Drum (film)
The West Australian
The West Australian is the only locally edited daily newspaper published in Perth, Western Australia.
See Germany and The West Australian
The World Factbook
The World Factbook, also known as the CIA World Factbook, is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world.
See Germany and The World Factbook
Theodiscus
Theodiscus (in Medieval Latin, corresponding to Old English þēodisc, Old High German diutisc and other early Germanic reflexes of Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz, meaning "popular" or "of the people") was a term used in the early Middle Ages to refer to the West Germanic languages.
Theodor Fontane
Theodor Fontane (30 December 1819 – 20 September 1898) was a German novelist and poet, regarded by many as the most important 19th-century German-language realist author.
See Germany and Theodor Fontane
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War, from 1618 to 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history.
See Germany and Thirty Years' War
Thomas Mann
Paul Thomas Mann (6 June 1875 – 12 August 1955) was a German novelist, short story writer, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and the 1929 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate.
Thuringia
Thuringia, officially the Free State of Thuringia, is a state of central Germany, covering, the sixth smallest of the sixteen German states.
Timber framing
Timber framing and "post-and-beam" construction are traditional methods of building with heavy timbers, creating structures using squared-off and carefully fitted and joined timbers with joints secured by large wooden pegs.
See Germany and Timber framing
Togoland
Togoland was a German Empire protectorate in West Africa from 1884 to 1914, encompassing what is now the nation of Togo and most of what is now the Volta Region of Ghana, approximately 90,400 km2 (29,867 sq mi) in size.
Total fertility rate
The total fertility rate (TFR) of a population is the average number of children that are born to a woman over her lifetime, if they were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) through their lifetime, and they were to live from birth until the end of their reproductive life.
See Germany and Total fertility rate
Totalitarianism
Totalitarianism is a political system and a form of government that prohibits opposition political parties, disregards and outlaws the political claims of individual and group opposition to the state, and controls the public sphere and the private sphere of society.
See Germany and Totalitarianism
Trümmerfilm
Trümmerfilm (Rubble film) was an aesthetic choice for those films made directly after World War II dealing with the impact of the battles in the countries at the center of the war.
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)
The 1748 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, sometimes called the Treaty of Aachen, ended the War of the Austrian Succession, following a congress assembled on 24 April 1748 at the Free Imperial City of Aachen.
See Germany and Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)
Treaty of Lisbon
The Treaty of Lisbon (initially known as the Reform Treaty) is an international agreement that amends the two treaties which form the constitutional basis of the European Union (EU).
See Germany and Treaty of Lisbon
Treaty of Verdun
The Treaty of Verdun, agreed in, divided the Frankish Empire into three kingdoms between Lothair I, Louis II and Charles II, the surviving sons of the emperor Louis I, the son and successor of Charlemagne.
See Germany and Treaty of Verdun
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed on 28 June 1919.
See Germany and Treaty of Versailles
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
The Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany (Vertrag über die abschließende Regelung in Bezug auf Deutschland), more commonly referred to as the Two Plus Four Agreement (Zwei-plus-Vier-Vertrag), is an international agreement that allowed the reunification of Germany in October 1990.
See Germany and Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
Triple Alliance (1882)
The Triple Alliance was a defensive military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
See Germany and Triple Alliance (1882)
Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. Germany and Turkey are countries in Europe, G20 members, member states of NATO, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean and member states of the United Nations.
Turkish language
Turkish (Türkçe, Türk dili also Türkiye Türkçesi 'Turkish of Turkey') is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 90 to 100 million speakers.
See Germany and Turkish language
UEFA European Championship
The UEFA European Football Championship, less formally the European Championship and informally the Euro or Euros, is the primary association football tournament organised by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA).
See Germany and UEFA European Championship
Ukrainians
Ukrainians (ukraintsi) are a civic nation and an ethnic group native to Ukraine.
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; pronounced) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture.
Unification of Germany
The unification of Germany was a process of building the first nation-state for Germans with federal features based on the concept of Lesser Germany (one without Habsburgs' multi-ethnic Austria or its German-speaking part).
See Germany and Unification of Germany
United and uniting churches
A united church, also called a uniting church, is a denomination formed from the merger or other form of church union of two or more different Protestant Christian denominations, a number of which come from separate and distinct denominational orientations or traditions.
See Germany and United and uniting churches
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland. Germany and United Kingdom are countries in Europe, G20 members, member states of NATO, member states of the United Nations and OECD members.
See Germany and United Kingdom
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.
See Germany and United Nations
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
The United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA) is part of the United Nations Secretariat and is responsible for the follow-up to major United Nations Summits and Conferences, as well as services to the United Nations Economic and Social Council and the Second and Third Committees of the United Nations General Assembly.
See Germany and United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
United Nations Development Programme
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)Programme des Nations unies pour le développement, PNUD is a United Nations agency tasked with helping countries eliminate poverty and achieve sustainable economic growth and human development.
See Germany and United Nations Development Programme
United States
The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. Germany and United States are G20 members, member states of NATO and member states of the United Nations.
Universal health care
Universal health care (also called universal health coverage, universal coverage, or universal care) is a health care system in which all residents of a particular country or region are assured access to health care.
See Germany and Universal health care
University of Cambridge
The University of Cambridge is a public collegiate research university in Cambridge, England.
See Germany and University of Cambridge
University of Rostock
The University of Rostock (Universität Rostock) is a public university located in Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
See Germany and University of Rostock
Uranium
Uranium is a chemical element; it has symbol U and atomic number 92.
Venus of Hohle Fels
The Venus of Hohle Fels (also known as the Venus of Schelklingen; in German variously Venus vom Hohlen Fels, vom Hohle Fels; Venus von Schelklingen) is an Upper Paleolithic Venus figurine made of mammoth ivory that was unearthed in 2008 in Hohle Fels, a cave near Schelklingen, Germany, part of the Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura UNESCO World Heritage Site.
See Germany and Venus of Hohle Fels
Vernacular
Vernacular is the ordinary, informal, spoken form of language, particularly when perceived as being of lower social status in contrast to standard language, which is more codified, institutional, literary, or formal.
Vernacular architecture
Vernacular architecture (also folk architecture) is building done outside any academic tradition, and without professional guidance.
See Germany and Vernacular architecture
Video games in Germany
Germany has the second-largest video games player base in Europe, with 44.3 million gamers in 2018, after Russia.
See Germany and Video games in Germany
Vocational education
Vocational education is education that prepares people for a skilled craft as an artisan, trade as a tradesperson, or work as a technician.
See Germany and Vocational education
Volker Schlöndorff
Volker Schlöndorff (born 31 March 1939) is a German film director, screenwriter and producer who has worked in Germany, France and the United States.
See Germany and Volker Schlöndorff
Volkswagen
Volkswagen (VW)English:,. is a German automobile manufacturer headquartered in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, Germany.
Volkswagen Group
Volkswagen AG, known internationally as the Volkswagen Group, is a German public multinational conglomerate manufacturer of passenger and commercial vehicles, motorcycles, engines and turbomachinery.
See Germany and Volkswagen Group
Wadden Sea National Parks
The Wadden Sea National Parks in Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands are located along the German Bight of the North Sea.
See Germany and Wadden Sea National Parks
Walter Gropius
Walter Adolph Georg Gropius (18 May 1883 – 5 July 1969) was a German-American architect and founder of the Bauhaus School, who, along with Alvar Aalto, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright, is widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modernist architecture.
See Germany and Walter Gropius
Walther von der Vogelweide
Walther von der Vogelweide was a Minnesänger who composed and performed love-songs and political songs (Sprüche) in Middle High German.
See Germany and Walther von der Vogelweide
Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
Wanderer above the Sea of Fog is a painting by German Romanticist artist Caspar David Friedrich made in 1818.
See Germany and Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
War crimes of the Wehrmacht
During World War II, the German Wehrmacht (combined armed forces - ''Heer'', Kriegsmarine, and Luftwaffe) committed systematic war crimes, including massacres, mass rape, looting, the exploitation of forced labour, the murder of three million Soviet prisoners of war, and participated in the extermination of Jews.
See Germany and War crimes of the Wehrmacht
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
The War in Afghanistan was an armed conflict that took place from 2001 to 2021.
See Germany and War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
War of the Austrian Succession
The War of the Austrian Succession was a European conflict fought between 1740 and 1748, primarily in Central Europe, the Austrian Netherlands, Italy, the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.
See Germany and War of the Austrian Succession
Warsaw Pact
The Warsaw Pact (WP), formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance (TFCMA), was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republics of Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955, during the Cold War.
Wartburg
The Wartburg is a castle originally built in the Middle Ages.
Water resources
Water resources are natural resources of water that are potentially useful for humans, for example as a source of drinking water supply or irrigation water.
See Germany and Water resources
Weihnachten
Weihnachten is the observance of what is commonly known in English as Christmas in the German-speaking countries such as Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
Weimar Constitution
The Constitution of the German Reich (Die Verfassung des Deutschen Reichs), usually known as the Weimar Constitution (Weimarer Verfassung), was the constitution that governed Germany during the Weimar Republic era (1919–1933).
See Germany and Weimar Constitution
Weimar Republic
The Weimar Republic, officially known as the German Reich, was a historical period of Germany from 9 November 1918 to 23 March 1933, during which it was a constitutional federal republic for the first time in history; hence it is also referred to, and unofficially proclaimed itself, as the German Republic.
See Germany and Weimar Republic
Weisswurst
Weißwurst, literally 'white sausage'; Weißwuascht) is a traditional Bavarian sausage made from minced veal and pork back bacon. It is usually flavored with parsley, lemon, mace, onions, ginger and cardamom, although there are some variations. Then the mixture is stuffed into pork casings and separated into individual sausages measuring about in length and in thickness.
Werner Herzog
Werner Herzog (né Stipetić; born 5 September 1942) is a German filmmaker, actor, opera director, and author.
Weser Renaissance
Weser Renaissance is a form of Northern Renaissance architectural style that is found in the area around the River Weser in central Germany and which has been well preserved in the towns and cities of the region.
See Germany and Weser Renaissance
West Germany
West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from its formation on 23 May 1949 until the reunification with East Germany on 3 October 1990. The Cold War-era country is sometimes known as the Bonn Republic (Bonner Republik) after its capital city of Bonn. During the Cold War, the western portion of Germany and the associated territory of West Berlin were parts of the Western Bloc. Germany and west Germany are states and territories established in 1949.
West Slavs
The West Slavs are Slavic peoples who speak the West Slavic languages.
Western European broadleaf forests
The Western European broadleaf forests is an ecoregion in Western Europe, and parts of the Alps.
See Germany and Western European broadleaf forests
Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park
The Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park (Nationalpark Vorpommersche Boddenlandschaft) is Mecklenburg-Vorpommern's largest national park, situated at the coast of the Baltic Sea.
See Germany and Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park
Wiesbaden
Wiesbaden is the capital of the German state of Hesse, and the second-largest Hessian city after Frankfurt am Main.
Wilhelm II
Wilhelm II (Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert; 27 January 18594 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia from 1888 until his abdication in 1918, which marked the end of the German Empire as well as the Hohenzollern dynasty's 300-year rule of Prussia.
Wilhelm von Humboldt
Friedrich Wilhelm Christian Karl Ferdinand von Humboldt (also,;; 22 June 1767 – 8 April 1835) was a German philosopher, linguist, government functionary, diplomat, and founder of the Humboldt University of Berlin.
See Germany and Wilhelm von Humboldt
William I, German Emperor
William I (Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig; 22 March 1797 – 9 March 1888), or Wilhelm I, was King of Prussia from 1861 and German Emperor from 1871 until his death in 1888.
See Germany and William I, German Emperor
Willy Brandt
Willy Brandt (born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm; 18 December 1913 – 8 October 1992) was a German politician and statesman who was leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) from 1964 to 1987 and served as the chancellor of West Germany from 1969 to 1974.
Wilstermarsch
Wilstermarsch is an Amt ("collective municipality") in the county of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Wim Wenders
Ernst Wilhelm "Wim" Wenders (born 14 August 1945) is a German filmmaker and playwright, who is a major figure in New German Cinema.
Wirtschaftswunder
The Wirtschaftswunder ("economic miracle"), also known as the Miracle on the Rhine, was the rapid reconstruction and development of the economies of West Germany and Austria after World War II (due to both the Marshall Plan and both governments adopting an ordoliberalism-based social market economy).
See Germany and Wirtschaftswunder
Wolfgang Rihm
Wolfgang Rihm (13 March 1952 – 27 July 2024) was a German composer of contemporary classical music and an academic teacher based in Karlsruhe.
Wolfram von Eschenbach
Wolfram von Eschenbach (–) was a German knight, poet and composer, regarded as one of the greatest epic poets of medieval German literature.
See Germany and Wolfram von Eschenbach
Workforce
In macroeconomics, the labor force is the sum of those either working (i.e., the employed) or looking for work (i.e., the unemployed): \text.
World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects.
World Health Organization
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health.
See Germany and World Health Organization
World Heritage Site
World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection by an international convention administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance.
See Germany and World Heritage Site
World Heritage Sites by country
As of July 2024, there are a total of 1,223 World Heritage Sites located across 168 countries, of which 952 are cultural, 231 are natural, and 40 are mixed properties.
See Germany and World Heritage Sites by country
World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America
Under UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme, there are 308 biosphere reserves recognized as part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America (as of May 2023).
See Germany and World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America
World Tourism rankings
The World Tourism rankings are compiled by the United Nations World Tourism Organization as part of their World Tourism Barometer publication, which is released up to six times per year.
See Germany and World Tourism rankings
World War I
World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
Zollverein
The Zollverein, or German Customs Union, was a coalition of German states formed to manage tariffs and economic policies within their territories.
Zugspitze
The Zugspitze, at above sea level, is the highest peak of the Wetterstein Mountains and the highest mountain in Germany.
.de
.de is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Germany.
See Germany and .de
1933 German League of Nations withdrawal referendum
A referendum on withdrawing from the League of Nations was held in Germany on 12 November 1933 alongside Reichstag elections.
See Germany and 1933 German League of Nations withdrawal referendum
1936 Summer Olympics
The 1936 Summer Olympics (Olympische Sommerspiele 1936), officially the Games of the XI Olympiad (Spiele der XI.) and officially branded as Berlin 1936, was an international multi-sport event held from 1 to 16 August 1936 in Berlin, Germany.
See Germany and 1936 Summer Olympics
1936 Winter Olympics
The 1936 Winter Olympics, officially known as the IV Olympic Winter Games (IV.) and commonly known as Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1936 (Garmasch-Partakurch 1936), were a winter multi-sport event held from 6 to 16 February 1936 in the market town of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
See Germany and 1936 Winter Olympics
1972 Summer Olympics
The 1972 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad and officially branded as Munich 1972 (München 1972), were an international multi-sport event held in Munich, West Germany, from 26 August to 11 September 1972.
See Germany and 1972 Summer Olympics
2005 German federal election
Federal elections were held in Germany on 18 September 2005 to elect the members of the 16th Bundestag.
See Germany and 2005 German federal election
2015 European migrant crisis
During 2015, there was a period of significantly increased movement of refugees and migrants into Europe.
See Germany and 2015 European migrant crisis
2017 German federal election
Federal elections were held in Germany on 24 September 2017 to elect the members of the 19th Bundestag.
See Germany and 2017 German federal election
20th-century classical music
20th-century classical music is art music that was written between the years 1901 and 2000, inclusive.
See Germany and 20th-century classical music
24 Hours of Le Mans
The 24 Hours of Le Mans (24 Heures du Mans) is an endurance-focused sports car race held annually near the town of Le Mans, France.
See Germany and 24 Hours of Le Mans
See also
1990 establishments in Europe
- Energy Cities
- Euroconsumers
- European Academy of Sciences and Arts
- European Coalition to End Animal Experiments
- European Confederation of Independent Trade Unions
- European League of Stuttering Associations
- European Women's Lobby
- FIS Ski Jumping Alpen Cup
- Germany
- Men's EuroHockey Indoor Club Cup
- Netball Europe
- Open Mediterrania
- Transnistria
- WDF Europe Youth Cup
- Women's EuroHockey Indoor Club Cup
Countries and territories where German is an official language
- Austria
- Belgium
- Electoral Palatinate
- German-speaking Community of Belgium
- German-speaking Switzerland
- Germany
- Liège Province
- Liechtenstein
- List of countries and territories where German is an official language
- Luxembourg
- Opole Voivodeship
- Region of Southern Denmark
- South Tyrol
- Switzerland
- Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
Federal republics
- Argentina
- Austria
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Brazil
- Ethiopia
- Federal republic
- Germany
- Iraq
- Mexico
- Nepal
- Nigeria
- Pakistan
- Russia
- Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
- Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
- Somalia
- South Sudan
- Soviet Union
- Sudan
- Switzerland
- Venezuela
G20 members
- African Union
- Argentina
- Australia
- Brazil
- Canada
- China
- European Union
- France
- Germany
- India
- Indonesia
- Italy
- Japan
- Mexico
- Russia
- Saudi Arabia
- South Africa
- South Korea
- Turkey
- United Kingdom
- United States
Member states of NATO
- Albania
- Belgium
- Bulgaria
- Canada
- Canada and NATO
- Croatia
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Finland
- Finland and NATO
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Iceland
- Italy
- Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Latvia
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Member states of NATO
- Montenegro
- Netherlands
- North Macedonia
- North Macedonia and NATO
- Norway
- Poland
- Portugal
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References
Also known as BR Deutsch Land, BR Deutsch-Land, BR Deutschland, Biodiversity in Germany, Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Das Land der Dichter und Denker, Deuchland, Deutchland, Deutsch Land, Deutsch-Land, DeutschLand, Deutsches Bundesrepublik, Diutschland, Düütschland, Etymology of Germany, F.R. Germany, FR Germany, Federal Republic Germany, Federal Republic Of Germany, Federal Republic of Germany (1990-present), Federal state (Germany), Foederal Republic of Germany, Geramny, German (country), German federal state, German infrastructure, Germanz, Germeny, Germny, ISO 3166-1:DE, Infrastructure in Germany, Jermany, Land der Dichter und Denker, Land of poets and thinkers, Second German Republic, The land of poets and thinkers.
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