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Great Migration (African American)

Index Great Migration (African American)

The Great Migration was the movement of 6 million African-Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West that occurred between 1916 and 1970. [1]

153 relations: African Americans, Alabama, Albany, New York, Alfred A. Knopf, Amber Valley, Alberta, American middle class, Baltimore, Black Belt (U.S. region), Black nationalism, Blues, Boston, Buffalo, New York, California, Canadian Bill of Rights, Caribbean, Chain migration, Chicago, Cincinnati, Civil rights movement, Cleveland, Clifford Sifton, Colorado, Columbus, Ohio, Confederate States of America, Congress of Industrial Organizations, Cost of living, Dallas, David Szatmary, Dayton, Ohio, Denver, Detroit, Eastern Europe, Eddie Boyd, El Paso, Texas, Elaine, Arkansas, Emancipation Proclamation, Employment discrimination, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Erie, Pennsylvania, Europe, Exodusters, Flint, Michigan, Florida, Forest Whitaker, Gary, Indiana, Georgia (U.S. state), Grand Rapids, Michigan, Great Depression, Great Depression in the United States, Harlem, ..., Harlem Renaissance, History (U.S. TV network), Houston, Howlin' Wolf, Illinois, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, Indiana, Indianapolis, Inner city, Isabel Wilkerson, Jacksonville, Florida, Jacob Lawrence, James Douglas (governor), Jim Crow laws, Kansas City, Missouri, Kinship, Knoxville, Tennessee, Living Blues, Los Angeles, Louisiana, Lynching, Maryland, Massachusetts, Memphis, Tennessee, Michigan, Midwestern United States, Millennials, Milwaukee, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Mississippi, Mississippi Delta, Missouri, Mortgage discrimination, Muddy Waters, Muskegon, Michigan, National Housing Act of 1934, New Great Migration, New Haven, Connecticut, New Orleans, New South, New York (state), New York City, New York Public Library, Newark, New Jersey, Nicholas Lemann, North Carolina, North Jersey, Northeastern United States, Oakland, California, Ohio, Omaha, Nebraska, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Railroad, Peoria, Illinois, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Arizona, Pittsburgh, Portland, Oregon, Prentice Hall, Pulitzer Prize, Rail transport, Red Summer, Redlining, Rochester, New York, Saginaw, Michigan, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose, California, Seattle, Second Great Migration (African American), Sharecropping, Simon & Schuster, South Carolina, Southern Europe, Southern United States, St. Louis, Tennessee, Texas, The Butler, The Journal of Human Resources, The New York Times, The Review of Black Political Economy, The Warmth of Other Suns, Thomas and Beulah, Toledo, Ohio, Trade union, United States Census, United States Census Bureau, United States Government Publishing Office, United States Senate, Violet King Henry, Washington (state), Washington, D.C., West Coast of the United States, Western United States, White flight, Wisconsin, World War I, World War II, Youngstown, Ohio, 1912 Racial Conflict of Forsyth County, Georgia. Expand index (103 more) »

African Americans

African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group of Americans with total or partial ancestry from any of the black racial groups of Africa.

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Alabama

Alabama is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.

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Albany, New York

Albany is the capital of the U.S. state of New York and the seat of Albany County.

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Alfred A. Knopf

Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. is a New York publishing house that was founded by Alfred A. Knopf Sr. and Blanche Knopf in 1915.

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Amber Valley, Alberta

Amber Valley is an unincorporated community in Alberta, Canada, about north of the capital Edmonton.

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American middle class

The American middle class is a social class in the United States.

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Baltimore

Baltimore is the largest city in the U.S. state of Maryland, and the 30th-most populous city in the United States.

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Black Belt (U.S. region)

During the first half of the nineteenth century, as many as one million enslaved Africans were transported through sales in the domestic slave trade to the Deep South in a forced migration to work as laborers for the region's cotton plantations.

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Black nationalism

Black nationalism is a type of nationalism which espouses the belief that black people are a nation and seeks to develop and maintain a black identity.

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Blues

Blues is a music genre and musical form originated by African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the end of the 19th century.

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Boston

Boston is the capital city and most populous municipality of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States.

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Buffalo, New York

Buffalo is the second largest city in the state of New York and the 81st most populous city in the United States.

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California

California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.

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Canadian Bill of Rights

The Canadian Bill of Rights (Déclaration canadienne des droits) is a federal statute and bill of rights enacted by Parliament of Canada on August 10, 1960.

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Caribbean

The Caribbean is a region that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean) and the surrounding coasts.

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Chain migration

Chain migration is a term used by scholars to refer to the social process by which migrants from a particular town follow others from that town to a particular destination.

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Chicago

Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third most populous city in the United States, after New York City and Los Angeles.

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Cincinnati

No description.

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Civil rights movement

The civil rights movement (also known as the African-American civil rights movement, American civil rights movement and other terms) was a decades-long movement with the goal of securing legal rights for African Americans that other Americans already held.

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Cleveland

Cleveland is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio, and the county seat of Cuyahoga County.

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Clifford Sifton

Sir Clifford Sifton, (March 10, 1861 – April 17, 1929), was a Canadian lawyer and a long-time Liberal politician, best known for being Minister of the Interior under Sir Wilfrid Laurier.

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Colorado

Colorado is a state of the United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains.

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Columbus, Ohio

Columbus is the state capital and the most populous city in Ohio.

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Confederate States of America

The Confederate States of America (CSA or C.S.), commonly referred to as the Confederacy, was an unrecognized country in North America that existed from 1861 to 1865.

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Congress of Industrial Organizations

The Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) was a federation of unions that organized workers in industrial unions in the United States and Canada from 1935 to 1955.

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Cost of living

Cost of living is the cost of maintaining a certain standard of living.

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Dallas

Dallas is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.

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David Szatmary

David P. Szatmary (born May 27, 1951) is an educator, author on various subjects, and an educational entrepreneur.

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Dayton, Ohio

Dayton is the sixth-largest city in the state of Ohio and the county seat of Montgomery County.

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Denver

Denver, officially the City and County of Denver, is the capital and most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Colorado.

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Detroit

Detroit is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the largest city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of Wayne County.

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Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe is the eastern part of the European continent.

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Eddie Boyd

Edward Riley "Eddie" Boyd (November 25, 1914 – July 13, 1994)Dahl, Bill.

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El Paso, Texas

El Paso (from Spanish, "the pass") is a city in and the seat of El Paso County, Texas, United States.

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Elaine, Arkansas

Elaine (pronounced locally with the accent on the first syllable) is a very small city in Phillips County, Arkansas, United States, in the delta of the Mississippi River.

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Emancipation Proclamation

The Emancipation Proclamation, or Proclamation 95, was a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863.

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Employment discrimination

Employment discrimination is a form of discrimination based on race, gender, religion, national origin, physical or mental disability, age, sexual orientation, and gender identity by employers.

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Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey

Englewood Cliffs is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States.

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Erie, Pennsylvania

Erie is a city in and the county seat of Erie County, Pennsylvania, United States.

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Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

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Exodusters

Exodusters was a name given to African Americans who migrated from states along the Mississippi River to Kansas in the late nineteenth century, as part of the Exoduster Movement or Exodus of 1872.

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Flint, Michigan

Flint is the largest city and county seat of Genesee County, Michigan, United States.

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Florida

Florida (Spanish for "land of flowers") is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States.

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Forest Whitaker

Forest Steven Whitaker III (born July 15, 1961) is an American actor, producer, and director.

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Gary, Indiana

Gary is a city in Lake County, Indiana, United States, from downtown Chicago, Illinois.

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Georgia (U.S. state)

Georgia is a state in the Southeastern United States.

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Grand Rapids, Michigan

Grand Rapids is the second-largest city in Michigan, and the largest city in West Michigan.

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Great Depression

The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States.

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Great Depression in the United States

The Great Depression began in August 1929, when the United States economy first went into an economic recession.

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Harlem

Harlem is a large neighborhood in the northern section of the New York City borough of Manhattan.

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Harlem Renaissance

The Harlem Renaissance was an intellectual, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem, New York, spanning the 1920s.

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History (U.S. TV network)

History (originally The History Channel from 1995 to 2008) is a history-based digital cable and satellite television network that is owned by A&E Networks, a joint venture between the Hearst Communications and the Disney–ABC Television Group division of the Walt Disney Company.

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Houston

Houston is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas and the fourth most populous city in the United States, with a census-estimated 2017 population of 2.312 million within a land area of.

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Howlin' Wolf

Chester Arthur Burnett (June 10, 1910 – January 10, 1976), known as Howlin' Wolf, was a Chicago blues singer, guitarist, and harmonica player, originally from Mississippi.

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Illinois

Illinois is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.

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Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada

Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) is the department of the government of Canada with responsibility for matters dealing with immigration to Canada, refugees, and Canadian citizenship.

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Indiana

Indiana is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America.

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Indianapolis

Indianapolis is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County.

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Inner city

The inner city or inner town is the central area of a major city or metropolis.

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Isabel Wilkerson

Isabel Wilkerson (born 1961) is an American journalist, and the author of The Warmth of Other Suns: The Epic Story of America's Great Migration.

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Jacksonville, Florida

Jacksonville is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Florida and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States.

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Jacob Lawrence

Jacob Lawrence (September 7, 1917 – June 9, 2000) was an African-American painter known for his portrayal of African-American life.

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James Douglas (governor)

Sir James Douglas KCB (August 15, 1803 – August 2, 1877), influential in the history of Canada first a fur trader and later a colonial governor, is often credited as "The Father of British Columbia".

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Jim Crow laws

Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.

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Kansas City, Missouri

Kansas City is the largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri.

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Kinship

In anthropology, kinship is the web of social relationships that form an important part of the lives of all humans in all societies, although its exact meanings even within this discipline are often debated.

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Knoxville, Tennessee

Knoxville is a city in the U.S. state of Tennessee, and the county seat of Knox County.

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Living Blues

Living Blues: The Magazine of the African American Blues Tradition is a bi-monthly magazine focused on blues music, and America's oldest blues periodical.

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Los Angeles

Los Angeles (Spanish for "The Angels";; officially: the City of Los Angeles; colloquially: by its initials L.A.) is the second-most populous city in the United States, after New York City.

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Louisiana

Louisiana is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.

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Lynching

Lynching is a premeditated extrajudicial killing by a group.

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Maryland

Maryland is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C. to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east.

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Massachusetts

Massachusetts, officially known as the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.

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Memphis, Tennessee

Memphis is a city located along the Mississippi River in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Tennessee.

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Michigan

Michigan is a state in the Great Lakes and Midwestern regions of the United States.

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Midwestern United States

The Midwestern United States, also referred to as the American Midwest, Middle West, or simply the Midwest, is one of four census regions of the United States Census Bureau (also known as "Region 2").

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Millennials

Millennials (also known as Generation Y) are the generational demographic cohort following Generation X. There are no precise dates for when this cohort starts or ends; demographers and researchers typically use the early 1980s as starting birth years and the mid-1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years.

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Milwaukee

Milwaukee is the largest city in the state of Wisconsin and the fifth-largest city in the Midwestern United States.

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Minneapolis

Minneapolis is the county seat of Hennepin County, and the larger of the Twin Cities, the 16th-largest metropolitan area in the United States.

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Minnesota

Minnesota is a state in the Upper Midwest and northern regions of the United States.

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Mississippi

Mississippi is a state in the Southern United States, with part of its southern border formed by the Gulf of Mexico.

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Mississippi Delta

The Mississippi Delta, also known as the Yazoo-Mississippi Delta, is the distinctive northwest section of the U.S. state of Mississippi (and small portions of Arkansas and Louisiana) which lies between the Mississippi and Yazoo Rivers.

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Missouri

Missouri is a state in the Midwestern United States.

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Mortgage discrimination

Mortgage discrimination or mortgage lending discrimination is the practice of banks, governments or other lending institutions denying loans to one or more groups of people primarily on the basis of race, ethnic origin, sex or religion.

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Muddy Waters

McKinley Morganfield (April 4, 1913April 30, 1983), known professionally as Muddy Waters, was an American blues musician who is often cited as the "father of modern Chicago blues".

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Muskegon, Michigan

Muskegon is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan, and is the largest populated city on the eastern shores of Lake Michigan.

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National Housing Act of 1934

The National Housing Act of 1934,,, also called the Capehart Act, was part of the New Deal passed during the Great Depression in order to make housing and home mortgages more affordable.

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New Great Migration

The New Great Migration is the demographic change from 1965 to the present, which is a reversal of the previous 35-year trend of black migration within the United States.

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New Haven, Connecticut

New Haven is a coastal city in the U.S. state of Connecticut.

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New Orleans

New Orleans (. Merriam-Webster.; La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana.

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New South

New South, New South Democracy or New South Creed is a slogan in the history of the American South, after 1877.

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New York (state)

New York is a state in the northeastern United States.

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New York City

The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.

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New York Public Library

The New York Public Library (NYPL) is a public library system in New York City.

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Newark, New Jersey

Newark is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Jersey and the seat of Essex County.

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Nicholas Lemann

Nicholas Berthelot Lemann is the Joseph Pulitzer II and Edith Pulitzer Moore Professor of Journalism and Dean Emeritus of the Faculty of Journalism at the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism.

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North Carolina

North Carolina is a U.S. state in the southeastern region of the United States.

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North Jersey

North Jersey comprises the northern portions of the U.S. state of New Jersey between the upper Delaware River and the Atlantic Ocean.

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Northeastern United States

The Northeastern United States, also referred to as the American Northeast or simply the Northeast, is a geographical region of the United States bordered to the north by Canada, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by the Southern United States, and to the west by the Midwestern United States.

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Oakland, California

Oakland is the largest city and the county seat of Alameda County, California, United States.

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Ohio

Ohio is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States.

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Omaha, Nebraska

Omaha is the largest city in the state of Nebraska and the county seat of Douglas County.

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Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania German: Pennsylvaani or Pennsilfaani), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States.

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Pennsylvania Railroad

The Pennsylvania Railroad (or Pennsylvania Railroad Company and also known as the "Pennsy") was an American Class I railroad that was established in 1846 and was headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

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Peoria, Illinois

Peoria is the county seat of Peoria County, Illinois, and the largest city on the Illinois River.

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Philadelphia

Philadelphia is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the sixth-most populous U.S. city, with a 2017 census-estimated population of 1,580,863.

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Phoenix, Arizona

Phoenix is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Arizona.

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Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh is a city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States, and is the county seat of Allegheny County.

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Portland, Oregon

Portland is the largest city in the U.S. state of Oregon and the seat of Multnomah County.

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Prentice Hall

Prentice Hall is a major educational publisher owned by Pearson plc.

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Pulitzer Prize

The Pulitzer Prize is an award for achievements in newspaper, magazine and online journalism, literature, and musical composition in the United States.

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Rail transport

Rail transport is a means of transferring of passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, also known as tracks.

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Red Summer

The Red Summer refers to the summer and early autumn of 1919, which was marked by hundreds of deaths and higher casualties across the United States, as a result of racial riots that occurred in more than three dozen cities and one rural county.

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Redlining

In the United States, redlining is the systematic denial of various services to residents of specific, often racially associated, neighborhoods or communities, either directly or through the selective raising of prices.

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Rochester, New York

Rochester is a city on the southern shore of Lake Ontario in western New York.

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Saginaw, Michigan

Saginaw is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the seat of Saginaw County.

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San Antonio

San Antonio (Spanish for "Saint Anthony"), officially the City of San Antonio, is the seventh most populous city in the United States and the second most populous city in both Texas and the Southern United States.

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San Diego

San Diego (Spanish for 'Saint Didacus') is a major city in California, United States.

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San Francisco

San Francisco (initials SF;, Spanish for 'Saint Francis'), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California.

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San Jose, California

San Jose (Spanish for 'Saint Joseph'), officially the City of San José, is an economic, cultural, and political center of Silicon Valley and the largest city in Northern California.

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Seattle

Seattle is a seaport city on the west coast of the United States.

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Second Great Migration (African American)

In the context of the 20th-century history of the United States, the Second Great Migration was the migration of more than 5 million African Americans from the South to the North, Midwest and West.

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Sharecropping

Sharecropping is a form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land.

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Simon & Schuster

Simon & Schuster, Inc., a subsidiary of CBS Corporation, is an American publishing company founded in New York City in 1924 by Richard Simon and Max Schuster.

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South Carolina

South Carolina is a U.S. state in the southeastern region of the United States.

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Southern Europe

Southern Europe is the southern region of the European continent.

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Southern United States

The Southern United States, also known as the American South, Dixie, Dixieland, or simply the South, is a region of the United States of America.

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St. Louis

St.

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Tennessee

Tennessee (translit) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States.

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Texas

Texas (Texas or Tejas) is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population.

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The Butler

The Butler (full title Lee Daniels' The Butler) is a 2013 American historical drama film directed and produced by Lee Daniels and written by Danny Strong.

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The Journal of Human Resources

The Journal of Human Resources is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering empirical microeconomics.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The Review of Black Political Economy

The Review of Black Political Economy is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on the economic status of African-American and Third World peoples that was established in 1970.

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The Warmth of Other Suns

The Warmth of Other Suns: The Epic Story of America's Great Migration (2010) is a historical study of the Great Migration by Isabel Wilkerson, which received the National Book Critics Circle Award among other accolades.

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Thomas and Beulah

Thomas and Beulah is a book of poems by African American poet Rita Dove that tells the semi-fictionalized chronological story of her maternal grandparents, the focus being on her grandfather (Thomas, his name in the book as well as in real life) in the first half and her grandmother (named Beulah in the book, although her real name was Georgianna) in the second.

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Toledo, Ohio

Toledo is a city in and the county seat of Lucas County, Ohio, United States.

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Trade union

A trade union or trades union, also called a labour union (Canada) or labor union (US), is an organization of workers who have come together to achieve many common goals; such as protecting the integrity of its trade, improving safety standards, and attaining better wages, benefits (such as vacation, health care, and retirement), and working conditions through the increased bargaining power wielded by the creation of a monopoly of the workers.

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United States Census

The United States Census is a decennial census mandated by Article I, Section 2 of the United States Constitution, which states: "Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States...

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United States Census Bureau

The United States Census Bureau (USCB; officially the Bureau of the Census, as defined in Title) is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy.

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United States Government Publishing Office

The United States Government Publishing Office (GPO) (formerly the Government Printing Office) is an agency of the legislative branch of the United States federal government.

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United States Senate

The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, which along with the United States House of Representatives—the lower chamber—comprise the legislature of the United States.

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Violet King Henry

Violet Pauline King Henry (1929-1982) was the first black woman lawyer in Canada, the first black person to graduate law in Alberta and the first black person to be admitted to the Alberta Bar.

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Washington (state)

Washington, officially the State of Washington, is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.

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Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington or D.C., is the capital of the United States of America.

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West Coast of the United States

The West Coast or Pacific Coast is the coastline along which the contiguous Western United States meets the North Pacific Ocean.

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Western United States

The Western United States, commonly referred to as the American West, the Far West, or simply the West, traditionally refers to the region comprising the westernmost states of the United States.

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White flight

White flight is a term that originated in the United States, starting in the 1950s and 1960s, and applied to the large-scale migration of people of various European ancestries from racially mixed urban regions to more racially homogeneous suburban or exurban regions.

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Wisconsin

Wisconsin is a U.S. state located in the north-central United States, in the Midwest and Great Lakes regions.

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World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Youngstown, Ohio

Youngstown is a city in and the county seat of Mahoning County in the U.S. state of Ohio, with small portions extending into Trumbull County.

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1912 Racial Conflict of Forsyth County, Georgia

In September 1912 Forsyth County, Georgia, two separate attacks on white women resulted in black men being accused as suspects.

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Redirects here:

Chicken bone express, First Great Migration, Great migration (African American), Great migration to Cleveland, Great migration to cleveland, Negro exodus, The urbanization of blacks in America, Urbanization of blacks in the United States.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)

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