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260 relations: Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques, Académie française, Academic ranks in France, Affect (philosophy), Agrégation, Albert I of Belgium, Alcan, Alexandre Ribot, Alfred North Whitehead, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Ancient Greek philosophy, André Gide, Angers, Anjou, Ann Banfield, Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, Antisemitism, Aristotle, Arthur Mitchell (physician), Arthur Oncken Lovejoy, École normale supérieure (Paris), Éditions Hermann, Édouard Le Roy, Émile Bréhier, Émile Ollivier, Bertrand Russell, Biology, Bologna, C. Lloyd Morgan, Cartesianism, Catholic Church, Charles Darwin, Charles Sanders Peirce, Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard, Cinema 1: The Movement Image, Claude Bernard, Clermont-Ferrand, Clown, Collège de France, Columbia University, Concept, Consciousness, Continental philosophy, Conventionalism, Cosmology, Creative Evolution (book), Critique of Pure Reason, Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler, De rerum natura, Departments of France, ..., Direct experience, Doctor of Letters, Doctor of Science, Dogma, Duration (philosophy), Edwin Holt, Elizabeth Grosz, Emergent materialism, Emmanuel Levinas, Emmanuel Mounier, Encyclopaedia Judaica, Epistemology, Ernst Haeckel, Evolution, Evolution: The Modern Synthesis, Existential phenomenology, Félix Alcan, Félix Ravaisson-Mollien, Fertilisation, Florence Meyer Blumenthal, Foundations of mathematics, Free will, Freethought, French philosophy, French Third Republic, G. E. Moore, Gabriel Marcel, Gabriel Tarde, Gaston Bachelard, General Confederation of Labour (France), Genetics, Geneva, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, George Santayana, Georges Politzer, Gifford Lectures, Gilles Deleuze, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, H. Wildon Carr, Hans Driesch, Harris Manchester College, Oxford, Harvard University, Hasidic Judaism, Hauts-de-Seine, Heidelberg, Heraclitus, Herbert Spencer, Hermann Lotze, Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, Hibbert Lectures, Hindu, History of Auvergne, History of the Jews in Poland, Homer, Horace Kallen, HTML, Hugh Tomlinson, Hugo de Vries, Humanities, Immanuel Kant, Imperialism, Index Librorum Prohibitorum, Inductive reasoning, Industrial Workers of the World, Intellect, International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation, International Society for Neoplatonic Studies, Internet Archive, Introduction to Metaphysics (Bergson), Intuition, Intuition (Bergson), Intuitionism, Irving Babbitt, Jacques Maritain, Jean Piaget, Jean Wahl, Jean-Paul Sartre, Jews, Jimena Canales, Johannes Reinke, John Mullarkey, Josiah Royce, Julian Huxley, Julien Benda, Karl Marx, Keith Ansell-Pearson, Lamarckism, Latin, Laughter, Laughter (book), Le Mouvement socialiste, League of Nations, Lebensphilosophie, Legion of Honour, Leonard Lawlor, Liang Shuming, Licentiate (degree), List of Jewish Nobel laureates, Logic, Lucio Colletti, Lucretius, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Lycée Condorcet, Lycée Henri-IV, Maine de Biran, Marcel Proust, Marie Curie, Martin Heidegger, Materialism, Matter and Memory, Maurice Blanchot, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Max Horkheimer, Mechanism (philosophy), Memory, Metaphysics, Michał Bergson, Michel Aflaq, Michel Weber, Ministry of National Education (France), Modernism in the Catholic Church, Moina Mathers, Muhammad Iqbal, Municipal college, Mutationism, Mysticism, Nazism, Necip Fazıl Kısakürek, New realism (philosophy), Nicholas Rescher, Nikos Kazantzakis, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nouvelles Annales de Mathématiques, Occult, Open society, Oxford University Press, Palais Garnier, Pantheism, Paul Valéry, Perception, Phenomenology (philosophy), Philosophy, Philosophy of biology, Philosophy of language, Philosophy of life, Philosophy of mathematics, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Plato, Plotinus, Poilu, Pre-Socratic philosophy, Principia Mathematica, Prix Blumenthal, Probability, Process and Reality, Process philosophy, Psychologism, Psychosophy, Puy-de-Dôme, Ralph Barton Perry, Rationalism, René Viviani, Revelation, Revue de métaphysique et de morale, Revue de Paris, Rheumatology, Roger Fry, Roy Wood Sellars, Samuel Alexander, Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers, Secondary education in France, Self-esteem, Society for Psychical Research, Spiritualism (philosophy), Sri Aurobindo, Stanisław August Poniatowski, Stream of consciousness (psychology), Survival of the fittest, Syndicalism, T. S. Eliot, Teleology, Temerl Bergson, The Daily Telegraph, The Hibbert Journal, The Monist, The Principles of Psychology, Theodor W. Adorno, Theosophical Society, Time and Free Will, UNESCO, University College London, University of Birmingham, University of Cambridge, University of Edinburgh, University of Oxford, University of Paris, Vichy anti-Jewish legislation, Vichy France, Virginia Woolf, Vitalism, Vladimir Jankélévitch, Wallace Stevens, Western philosophy, William James, William Pepperell Montague, World Congress of Philosophy, World War II, Wyndham Lewis, 20th-century philosophy. Expand index (210 more) »
Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques
The Académie des sciences morales et politiques (Academy of Moral and Political Sciences) is a French learned society.
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Académie française
The Académie française is the pre-eminent French council for matters pertaining to the French language.
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Academic ranks in France
The following summarizes basic academic ranks in the French higher education system.
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Affect (philosophy)
Affect (from Latin affectus or adfectus) is a concept, used in the philosophy of Baruch Spinoza and elaborated by Henri Bergson, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, that places emphasis on bodily or embodied experience.
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Agrégation
In France, the agrégation is a competitive examination for civil service in the French public education system.
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Albert I of Belgium
Albert I (8 April 1875 – 17 February 1934) reigned as the third King of the Belgians from 1909 to 1934.
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Alcan
Alcan was a Canadian mining company and aluminum manufacturer.
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Alexandre Ribot
Alexandre-Félix-Joseph Ribot (7 February 184213 January 1923) was a French politician, four times Prime Minister.
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Alfred North Whitehead
Alfred North Whitehead (15 February 1861 – 30 December 1947) was an English mathematician and philosopher.
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American Academy of Arts and Sciences
The American Academy of Arts and Sciences is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States of America.
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Ancient Greek philosophy
Ancient Greek philosophy arose in the 6th century BC and continued throughout the Hellenistic period and the period in which Ancient Greece was part of the Roman Empire.
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André Gide
André Paul Guillaume Gide (22 November 1869 – 19 February 1951) was a French author and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature.
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Angers
Angers is a city in western France, about southwest of Paris.
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Anjou
Anjou (Andegavia) is a historical province of France straddling the lower Loire River.
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Ann Banfield
Ann Banfield, is a professor Emeritus of English at the University of California, Berkeley.
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Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka
Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka (February 28, 1923 – June 7, 2014) was a Polish, later American philosopher, phenomenologist, founder and president of The World Phenomenology Institute, and editor (since its inception in the late 1960s) of the book series Analecta Husserliana.
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Antisemitism
Antisemitism (also spelled anti-Semitism or anti-semitism) is hostility to, prejudice, or discrimination against Jews.
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Aristotle
Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs,; 384–322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidiki, in the north of Classical Greece.
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Arthur Mitchell (physician)
Sir Arthur Mitchell, KCB FRSELLD MD (19 January 1826 – 12 October 1909) was a Scottish doctor involved in the study and care of patients with mental illness.
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Arthur Oncken Lovejoy
Arthur Oncken Lovejoy (October 10, 1873 – December 30, 1962) was an American philosopher and intellectual historian, who founded the discipline known as the history of ideas with his book The Great Chain of Being (1936), on the topic of that name, which is regarded as 'probably the single most influential work in the history of ideas in the United States during the last half century'.
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École normale supérieure (Paris)
The École normale supérieure (also known as Normale sup', Ulm, ENS Paris, l'École and most often just as ENS) is one of the most selective and prestigious French grandes écoles (higher education establishment outside the framework of the public university system) and a constituent college of Université PSL.
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Éditions Hermann
Éditions Hermann is a French publishing house founded in 1876 by the French professor of mathematics Arthur Hermann.
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Édouard Le Roy
Édouard Louis Emmanuel Julien Le Roy (June 18, 1870 in Paris – November 10, 1954 in Paris) was a French philosopher and mathematician.
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Émile Bréhier
Émile Bréhier (12 April 1876, Bar-le-Duc – 3 February 1952, Paris) was a French philosopher.
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Émile Ollivier
Olivier Émile Ollivier (2 July 182520 August 1913) was a French statesman.
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Bertrand Russell
Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970) was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, writer, social critic, political activist, and Nobel laureate.
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Biology
Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical composition, function, development and evolution.
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Bologna
Bologna (Bulåggna; Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna Region in Northern Italy.
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C. Lloyd Morgan
Conwy Lloyd Morgan, FRS (6 February 1852 – 6 March 1936) was a British ethologist and psychologist.
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Cartesianism
Cartesianism is the philosophical and scientific system of René Descartes and its subsequent development by other seventeenth century thinkers, most notably Nicolas Malebranche and Baruch Spinoza.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin, (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.
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Charles Sanders Peirce
Charles Sanders Peirce ("purse"; 10 September 1839 – 19 April 1914) was an American philosopher, logician, mathematician, and scientist who is sometimes known as "the father of pragmatism".
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Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard
Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard FRS (8 April 1817 – 2 April 1894) was a Mauritian physiologist and neurologist who, in 1850, became the first to describe what is now called Brown-Séquard syndrome.
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Cinema 1: The Movement Image
Cinema 1: The Movement Image (Cinéma 1.) is a 1983 book by the philosopher Gilles Deleuze, in which the author combines philosophy with film criticism.
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Claude Bernard
Claude Bernard (12 July 1813 – 10 February 1878) was a French physiologist.
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Clermont-Ferrand
Clermont-Ferrand (Auvergnat Clharmou, Augustonemetum) is a city and commune of France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, with a population of 141,569 (2012).
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Clown
Clowns are comic performers who employ slapstick or similar types of physical comedy, often in a mime style.
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Collège de France
The Collège de France, founded in 1530, is a higher education and research establishment (grand établissement) in France and an affiliate college of PSL University.
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Columbia University
Columbia University (Columbia; officially Columbia University in the City of New York), established in 1754, is a private Ivy League research university in Upper Manhattan, New York City.
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Concept
Concepts are mental representations, abstract objects or abilities that make up the fundamental building blocks of thoughts and beliefs.
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Consciousness
Consciousness is the state or quality of awareness, or, of being aware of an external object or something within oneself.
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Continental philosophy
Continental philosophy is a set of 19th- and 20th-century philosophical traditions from mainland Europe.
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Conventionalism
Conventionalism is the philosophical attitude that fundamental principles of a certain kind are grounded on (explicit or implicit) agreements in society, rather than on external reality.
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Cosmology
Cosmology (from the Greek κόσμος, kosmos "world" and -λογία, -logia "study of") is the study of the origin, evolution, and eventual fate of the universe.
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Creative Evolution (book)
Creative Evolution (L'Évolution créatrice) is a 1907 book by French philosopher Henri Bergson.
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Critique of Pure Reason
The Critique of Pure Reason (Kritik der reinen Vernunft, KrV) (1781, Riga; second edition 1787) is a book by Immanuel Kant that has exerted an enduring influence on Western philosophy.
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Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler
Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler (25 June 1884 – 11 January 1979) was a German-born art historian, art collector, and one of the most notable French art dealers of the 20th century.
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De rerum natura
De rerum natura (On the Nature of Things) is a first-century BC didactic poem by the Roman poet and philosopher Lucretius (c. 99 BC – c. 55 BC) with the goal of explaining Epicurean philosophy to a Roman audience.
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Departments of France
In the administrative divisions of France, the department (département) is one of the three levels of government below the national level ("territorial collectivities"), between the administrative regions and the commune.
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Direct experience
Direct experience or immediate experience generally denotes experience gained through immediate sense perception.
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Doctor of Letters
Doctor of Letters (D.Litt., Litt.D., D. Lit., or Lit. D.; Latin Litterarum Doctor or Doctor Litterarum) is an academic degree, a higher doctorate which, in some countries, may be considered to be beyond the Ph.D. and equal to the Doctor of Science (Sc.D. or D.Sc.). It is awarded in many countries by universities and learned bodies in recognition of achievement in the humanities, original contribution to the creative arts or scholarship and other merits.
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Doctor of Science
Doctor of Science (Latin: Scientiae Doctor), usually abbreviated Sc.D., D.Sc., S.D., or D.S., is an academic research degree awarded in a number of countries throughout the world.
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Dogma
The term dogma is used in pejorative and non-pejorative senses.
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Duration (philosophy)
Duration (French: la durée) is a theory of time and consciousness posited by the French philosopher Henri Bergson.
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Edwin Holt
Edwin Bissell Holt (August 21, 1873 – January 25, 1946) was a professor of philosophy and psychology at Harvard from 1901–1918.
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Elizabeth Grosz
Elizabeth Grosz is a feminist theorist working in the US.
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Emergent materialism
In the philosophy of mind, emergent (or emergentist) materialism is a theory which asserts that the mind is an irreducible existent in some sense, albeit not in the sense of being an ontological simple, and that the study of mental phenomena is independent of other sciences.
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Emmanuel Levinas
Emmanuel Levinas (12 January 1906 – 25 December 1995) was a French philosopher of Lithuanian Jewish ancestry who is known for his work related to Jewish philosophy, existentialism, ethics, phenomenology and ontology.
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Emmanuel Mounier
Emmanuel Mounier (1 May 1905 – 22 March 1950) was a French philosopher, theologian, teacher and essayist.
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Encyclopaedia Judaica
The Encyclopaedia Judaica is a 26-volume English-language encyclopedia of the Jewish people and of Judaism.
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Epistemology
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge.
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Ernst Haeckel
Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel (16 February 1834 – 9 August 1919) was a German biologist, naturalist, philosopher, physician, professor, marine biologist, and artist who discovered, described and named thousands of new species, mapped a genealogical tree relating all life forms, and coined many terms in biology, including anthropogeny, ecology, phylum, phylogeny, and Protista. Haeckel promoted and popularised Charles Darwin's work in Germany and developed the influential but no longer widely held recapitulation theory ("ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny") claiming that an individual organism's biological development, or ontogeny, parallels and summarises its species' evolutionary development, or phylogeny.
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Evolution
Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.
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Evolution: The Modern Synthesis
Evolution: The Modern Synthesis, a popularising 1942 book by Julian Huxley (grandson of T.H. Huxley), set out his vision of the modern synthesis of evolutionary biology of the early 20th century.
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Existential phenomenology
Existential phenomenology is Martin Heidegger's brand of phenomenology.
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Félix Alcan
Felix Mardochée Alcan (March 18, 1841 – February 18, 1925) was a French Jewish publisher and scholar, born in Metz.
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Félix Ravaisson-Mollien
Jean Gaspard Félix Ravaisson-Mollien (23 October 1813 – 18 May 1900) was a French philosopher and archaeologist.
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Fertilisation
Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, conception, fecundation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to initiate the development of a new individual organism.
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Florence Meyer Blumenthal
Florence Meyer Blumenthal (1875–1930) was an American philanthropist who founded the Fondation franco-américaine Florence Blumenthal (Franco-American Florence Blumenthal Foundation), which awarded the Prix Blumenthal from 1919-1954 to painters, sculptors, decorators, engravers, writers, and musicians — to promote Franco- American relations.
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Foundations of mathematics
Foundations of mathematics is the study of the philosophical and logical and/or algorithmic basis of mathematics, or, in a broader sense, the mathematical investigation of what underlies the philosophical theories concerning the nature of mathematics.
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Free will
Free will is the ability to choose between different possible courses of action unimpeded.
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Freethought
Freethought (or "free thought") is a philosophical viewpoint which holds that positions regarding truth should be formed on the basis of logic, reason, and empiricism, rather than authority, tradition, revelation, or dogma.
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French philosophy
French philosophy, here taken to mean philosophy in the French language, has been extremely diverse and has influenced Western philosophy as a whole for centuries, from the medieval scholasticism of Peter Abelard, through the founding of modern philosophy by René Descartes, to 20th century philosophy of science, existentialism, phenomenology, structuralism, and postmodernism.
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French Third Republic
The French Third Republic (La Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) was the system of government adopted in France from 1870 when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War until 1940 when France's defeat by Nazi Germany in World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government in France.
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G. E. Moore
George Edward Moore (4 November 1873 – 24 October 1958), usually cited as G. E. Moore, was an English philosopher.
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Gabriel Marcel
Gabriel Honoré Marcel (7 December 1889 – 8 October 1973) was a French philosopher, playwright, music critic and leading Christian existentialist.
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Gabriel Tarde
Gabriel Tarde (in full Jean-Gabriel De Tarde; 12 March 1843 – 13 May 1904) was a French sociologist, criminologist and social psychologist who conceived sociology as based on small psychological interactions among individuals (much as if it were chemistry), the fundamental forces being imitation and innovation.
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Gaston Bachelard
Gaston Bachelard (27 June 1884 – 16 October 1962) was a French philosopher.
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General Confederation of Labour (France)
The General Confederation of Labour (Confédération générale du travail, CGT) is a national trade union center, the first of the five major French confederations of trade unions.
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Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.
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Geneva
Geneva (Genève, Genèva, Genf, Ginevra, Genevra) is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of the Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland.
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Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (August 27, 1770 – November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher and the most important figure of German idealism.
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George Santayana
Jorge Agustín Nicolás Ruiz de Santayana y Borrás, known in English as George Santayana (December 16, 1863September 26, 1952), was a philosopher, essayist, poet, and novelist.
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Georges Politzer
Georges Politzer (3 May 1903 – 23 May 1942) was a French philosopher and Marxist theoretician of Hungarian Jewish origin, affectionately referred to by some as the "red-headed philosopher" (philosophe roux).
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Gifford Lectures
The Gifford Lectures are an annual series of lectures which were established by the will of Adam Lord Gifford (died 1887).
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Gilles Deleuze
Gilles Deleuze (18 January 1925 – 4 November 1995) was a French philosopher who, from the early 1960s until his death in 1995, wrote on philosophy, literature, film, and fine art.
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Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz (or; Leibnitz; – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath and philosopher who occupies a prominent place in the history of mathematics and the history of philosophy.
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H. Wildon Carr
Herbert Wildon Carr (16 January 1857 – 8 July 1931) was a British philosopher, Professor of Philosophy, King's College, London from 1918 until 1925 and Visiting Professor at the University of Southern California from 1925 until his death.
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Hans Driesch
Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch (28 October 1867 – 17 April 1941) was a German biologist and philosopher from Bad Kreuznach.
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Harris Manchester College, Oxford
Harris Manchester College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom.
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Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Hasidic Judaism
Hasidism, sometimes Hasidic Judaism (hasidut,; originally, "piety"), is a Jewish religious group.
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Hauts-de-Seine
Hauts-de-Seine (literally Seine Heights) is a department of France.
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Heidelberg
Heidelberg is a college town in Baden-Württemberg situated on the river Neckar in south-west Germany.
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Heraclitus
Heraclitus of Ephesus (Hērákleitos ho Ephésios) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, and a native of the city of Ephesus, then part of the Persian Empire.
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Herbert Spencer
Herbert Spencer (27 April 1820 – 8 December 1903) was an English philosopher, biologist, anthropologist, sociologist, and prominent classical liberal political theorist of the Victorian era.
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Hermann Lotze
Rudolf Hermann Lotze (21 May 1817 – 1 July 1881) was a German philosopher and logician.
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Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn
The Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn (Ordo Hermeticus Aurorae Aureae; or, more commonly, the Golden Dawn (Aurora Aurea)) was an organization devoted to the study and practice of the occult, metaphysics, and paranormal activities during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
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Hibbert Lectures
The Hibbert Lectures are an annual series of non-sectarian lectures on theological issues.
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Hindu
Hindu refers to any person who regards themselves as culturally, ethnically, or religiously adhering to aspects of Hinduism.
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History of Auvergne
The history of the Auvergne dates back to the early Middle Ages, when it was a historic province in south central France.
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History of the Jews in Poland
The history of the Jews in Poland dates back over 1,000 years.
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Homer
Homer (Ὅμηρος, Hómēros) is the name ascribed by the ancient Greeks to the legendary author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two epic poems that are the central works of ancient Greek literature.
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Horace Kallen
Horace Meyer Kallen (August 11, 1882 – February 16, 1974) was an American philosopher.
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HTML
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for creating web pages and web applications.
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Hugh Tomlinson
Hugh Richard Edward Tomlinson QC (born January 1954 in Leeds) is an English barrister, a prominent English translator of the philosopher Gilles Deleuze and a founding member of Matrix Chambers.
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Hugo de Vries
Hugo Marie de Vries ForMemRS (16 February 1848 – 21 May 1935) was a Dutch botanist and one of the first geneticists.
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Humanities
Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture.
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Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant (22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher who is a central figure in modern philosophy.
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Imperialism
Imperialism is a policy that involves a nation extending its power by the acquisition of lands by purchase, diplomacy or military force.
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Index Librorum Prohibitorum
The Index Librorum Prohibitorum (List of Prohibited Books) was a list of publications deemed heretical, or contrary to morality by the Sacred Congregation of the Index (a former Dicastery of the Roman Curia) and thus Catholics were forbidden to read them.
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Inductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning (as opposed to ''deductive'' reasoning or ''abductive'' reasoning) is a method of reasoning in which the premises are viewed as supplying some evidence for the truth of the conclusion.
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Industrial Workers of the World
The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), members of which are commonly termed "Wobblies", is an international labor union that was founded in 1905 in Chicago, Illinois in the United States of America.
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Intellect
Intellect is a term used in studies of the human mind, and refers to the ability of the mind to come to correct conclusions about what is true or real, and about how to solve problems.
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International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation
The International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation (sometimes League of Nations Committee on Intellectual Cooperation) was an advisory organization for the League of Nations which aimed to promote international exchange between scientists, researchers, teachers, artists and intellectuals.
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International Society for Neoplatonic Studies
The International Society for Neoplatonic Studies (ISNS) is a learned society established in 1973 to support teaching and research relating to neoplatonism.
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Internet Archive
The Internet Archive is a San Francisco–based nonprofit digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge." It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music, movies/videos, moving images, and nearly three million public-domain books.
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Introduction to Metaphysics (Bergson)
"Introduction to Metaphysics" (French: "Introduction à la Métaphysique") is a 1903 essay about the concept of reality by Henri Bergson.
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Intuition
Intuition is the ability to acquire knowledge without proof, evidence, or conscious reasoning, or without understanding how the knowledge was acquired.
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Intuition (Bergson)
Intuition is the philosophical method of French philosopher Henri Bergson.
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Intuitionism
In the philosophy of mathematics, intuitionism, or neointuitionism (opposed to preintuitionism), is an approach where mathematics is considered to be purely the result of the constructive mental activity of humans rather than the discovery of fundamental principles claimed to exist in an objective reality.
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Irving Babbitt
Irving Babbitt (August 2, 1865 – July 15, 1933) was an American academic and literary critic, noted for his founding role in a movement that became known as the New Humanism, a significant influence on literary discussion and conservative thought in the period between 1910 and 1930.
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Jacques Maritain
Jacques Maritain (18 November 1882 – 28 April 1973) was a French Catholic philosopher.
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Jean Piaget
Jean Piaget (9 August 1896 – 16 September 1980) was a Swiss psychologist and epistemologist known for his pioneering work in child development.
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Jean Wahl
Jean André Wahl (25 May 188819 June 1974) was a French philosopher.
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Jean-Paul Sartre
Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980) was a French philosopher, playwright, novelist, political activist, biographer, and literary critic.
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Jews
Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.
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Jimena Canales
Jimena Canales is a Mexican-American historian of science and author with a background in physics and engineering.
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Johannes Reinke
Johannes Reinke (February 3, 1849 – February 25, 1931) was a German botanist and philosopher who was a native of Ziethen, Lauenburg.
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John Mullarkey
John Mullarkey is the Professor in Film and Television at Kingston University, London, and a member of The London Graduate School.
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Josiah Royce
Josiah Royce (November 20, 1855 – September 14, 1916) was an American objective idealist philosopher.
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Julian Huxley
Sir Julian Sorell Huxley FRS (22 June 1887 – 14 February 1975) was a British evolutionary biologist, eugenicist, and internationalist.
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Julien Benda
Julien Benda (26 December 1867 – 7 June 1956) was a French philosopher and novelist.
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Karl Marx
Karl MarxThe name "Karl Heinrich Marx", used in various lexicons, is based on an error.
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Keith Ansell-Pearson
Keith Ansell-Pearson is a British philosopher specializing in the work of Friedrich Nietzsche, Henri Bergson and Gilles Deleuze.
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Lamarckism
Lamarckism (or Lamarckian inheritance) is the hypothesis that an organism can pass on characteristics that it has acquired through use or disuse during its lifetime to its offspring.
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Latin
Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
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Laughter
Laughter is a physical reaction in humans consisting typically of rhythmical, often audible contractions of the diaphragm and other parts of the respiratory system.
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Laughter (book)
Laughter is a collection of three essays by French philosopher Henri Bergson, first published in 1900.
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Le Mouvement socialiste
The Le Mouvement socialiste (en: The Socialist Movement) was a revolutionary syndicalist journal in France founded in 1899 by Hubert Lagardelle and dissolved in 1914.
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League of Nations
The League of Nations (abbreviated as LN in English, La Société des Nations abbreviated as SDN or SdN in French) was an intergovernmental organisation founded on 10 January 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War.
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Lebensphilosophie
Lebensphilosophie ("philosophy of life") is a philosophical school of thought which emphasises the meaning, value and purpose of life as the foremost focus of philosophy.
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Legion of Honour
The Legion of Honour, with its full name National Order of the Legion of Honour (Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), is the highest French order of merit for military and civil merits, established in 1802 by Napoléon Bonaparte and retained by all the divergent governments and regimes later holding power in France, up to the present.
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Leonard Lawlor
Leonard "Len" Lawlor (born November 2, 1954) is Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of Philosophy at Pennsylvania State University.
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Liang Shuming
Liang Shuming (Wade-Giles Liang Shu-ming; sometimes Liang Sou-ming), October 18, 1893 – June 23, 1988), born Liang Huanding (梁焕鼎), courtesy name Shouming (壽銘), was a philosopher, teacher, and leader in the Rural Reconstruction Movement in the late Qing dynasty and early Republican eras of Chinese history.
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Licentiate (degree)
A licentiate is a degree below that of a PhD given by universities in some countries.
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List of Jewish Nobel laureates
As of 2017, Nobel PrizesThe Nobel Prize is an annual, international prize first awarded in 1901 for achievements in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace.
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Logic
Logic (from the logikḗ), originally meaning "the word" or "what is spoken", but coming to mean "thought" or "reason", is a subject concerned with the most general laws of truth, and is now generally held to consist of the systematic study of the form of valid inference.
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Lucio Colletti
Lucio Colletti (December 8, 1924, Rome – November 3, 2001, Venturina Terme, Campiglia Marittima, Province of Livorno) was an Italian Western Marxist philosopher.
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Lucretius
Titus Lucretius Carus (15 October 99 BC – c. 55 BC) was a Roman poet and philosopher.
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Ludwig Wittgenstein
Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austrian-British philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language.
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Lycée Condorcet
The Lycée Condorcet is a school founded in 1803 in Paris, France, located at 8, rue du Havre, in the city's 9th arrondissement.
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Lycée Henri-IV
The Lycée Henri-IV is a public secondary school located in Paris.
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Maine de Biran
François-Pierre-Gontier Maine de Biran (29 November 176620 July 1824), usually known simply as Maine de Biran, was a French philosopher.
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Marcel Proust
Valentin Louis Georges Eugène Marcel Proust (10 July 1871 – 18 November 1922), known as Marcel Proust, was a French novelist, critic, and essayist best known for his monumental novel À la recherche du temps perdu (In Search of Lost Time; earlier rendered as Remembrance of Things Past), published in seven parts between 1913 and 1927.
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Marie Curie
Marie Skłodowska Curie (born Maria Salomea Skłodowska; 7 November 18674 July 1934) was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity.
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Martin Heidegger
Martin Heidegger (26 September 188926 May 1976) was a German philosopher and a seminal thinker in the Continental tradition and philosophical hermeneutics, and is "widely acknowledged to be one of the most original and important philosophers of the 20th century." Heidegger is best known for his contributions to phenomenology and existentialism, though as the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy cautions, "his thinking should be identified as part of such philosophical movements only with extreme care and qualification".
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Materialism
Materialism is a form of philosophical monism which holds that matter is the fundamental substance in nature, and that all things, including mental aspects and consciousness, are results of material interactions.
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Matter and Memory
Matter and Memory (French: Matière et mémoire, 1896) is a book by the French philosopher Henri Bergson.
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Maurice Blanchot
Maurice Blanchot (22 September 1907 – 20 February 2003) was a French writer, philosopher, and literary theorist.
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Maurice Merleau-Ponty
Maurice Merleau-Ponty (14 March 1908 – 3 May 1961) was a French phenomenological philosopher, strongly influenced by Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger.
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Max Horkheimer
Max Horkheimer (February 14, 1895 – July 7, 1973) was a German philosopher and sociologist who was famous for his work in critical theory as a member of the 'Frankfurt School' of social research.
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Mechanism (philosophy)
Mechanism is the belief that natural wholes (principally living things) are like complicated machines or artifacts, composed of parts lacking any intrinsic relationship to each other.
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Memory
Memory is the faculty of the mind by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.
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Metaphysics
Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of being, existence, and reality.
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Michał Bergson
Michał Bergson (Bergsohn), or Michel Bergson (20 May 18209 March 1898) was a Warsaw-born Polish composer and pianist, promoter of Frédéric Chopin.
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Michel Aflaq
Michel Aflaq (ميشيل عفلق‎,, 9 January 1910 – 23 June 1989) was a Syrian philosopher, sociologist and Arab nationalist.
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Michel Weber
Michel Weber is a Belgian philosopher, born in Brussels in 1963.
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Ministry of National Education (France)
The Ministry of National Education, Higher Education and Research (Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche), or simply "Ministry of National Education", as the title has changed no small number of times in the course of the Fifth Republic is the French government cabinet member charged with running France's public educational system and with the supervision of agreements and authorizations for private teaching organizations.
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Modernism in the Catholic Church
In a Catholic context Modernism is a loose gestalt of liberal theological opinions that developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
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Moina Mathers
Moina Mathers, born Mina Bergson (28 February 1865 – 25 July 1928), was an artist and occultist at the turn of the 20th century.
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Muhammad Iqbal
Muhammad Iqbal (محمد اِقبال) (November 9, 1877 – April 21, 1938), widely known as Allama Iqbal, was a poet, philosopher, and politician, as well as an academic, barrister and scholar in British India who is widely regarded as having inspired the Pakistan Movement.
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Municipal college
A municipal college is a city-supported institution of higher learning.
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Mutationism
Mutationism is one of several alternatives to evolution by natural selection that have existed both before and after the publication of Charles Darwin's 1859 book, On the Origin of Species.
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Mysticism
Mysticism is the practice of religious ecstasies (religious experiences during alternate states of consciousness), together with whatever ideologies, ethics, rites, myths, legends, and magic may be related to them.
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Nazism
National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus), more commonly known as Nazism, is the ideology and practices associated with the Nazi Party – officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) – in Nazi Germany, and of other far-right groups with similar aims.
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Necip Fazıl Kısakürek
Ahmet Necip Fāzıl Kısakürek (May 26, 1904 – May 25, 1983) was a Turkish poet, novelist, playwright, and Islamist ideologue.
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New realism (philosophy)
New realism was a philosophy expounded in the early 20th century by a group of six US based scholars, namely Edwin Bissell Holt (Harvard University), Walter Taylor Marvin (Rutgers College), William Pepperell Montague (Columbia University), Ralph Barton Perry (Harvard), Walter Boughton Pitkin (Columbia) and Edward Gleason Spaulding (Princeton University).
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Nicholas Rescher
Nicholas Rescher (born 15 July 1928) is a German-American philosopher at the University of Pittsburgh.
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Nikos Kazantzakis
Nikos Kazantzakis (Νίκος Καζαντζάκης; 18 February 188326 October 1957) was a Greek writer.
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Nobel Prize in Literature
The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur) is a Swedish literature prize that has been awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction" (original Swedish: "den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framstående verket i en idealisk riktning").
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Nouvelles Annales de Mathématiques
The Nouvelles Annales de Mathématiques (subtitled Journal des candidats aux écoles polytechnique et normale) was a French scientific journal in mathematics.
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Occult
The term occult (from the Latin word occultus "clandestine, hidden, secret") is "knowledge of the hidden".
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Open society
The open society was conceived in 1932 by French philosopher Henri Bergson.
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Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.
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Palais Garnier
The Palais Garnier (French) is a 1,979-seat opera house, which was built from 1861 to 1875 for the Paris Opera.
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Pantheism
Pantheism is the belief that reality is identical with divinity, or that all-things compose an all-encompassing, immanent god.
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Paul Valéry
Ambroise Paul Toussaint Jules Valéry (30 October 1871 – 20 July 1945) was a French poet, essayist, and philosopher.
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Perception
Perception (from the Latin perceptio) is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the presented information, or the environment.
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Phenomenology (philosophy)
Phenomenology (from Greek phainómenon "that which appears" and lógos "study") is the philosophical study of the structures of experience and consciousness.
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Philosophy
Philosophy (from Greek φιλοσοφία, philosophia, literally "love of wisdom") is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.
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Philosophy of biology
The philosophy of biology is a subfield of philosophy of science, which deals with epistemological, metaphysical, and ethical issues in the biological and biomedical sciences.
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Philosophy of language
Philosophy of language explores the relationship between language and reality.
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Philosophy of life
There are at least two senses in which the term philosophy is used: a formal and an informal sense.
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Philosophy of mathematics
The philosophy of mathematics is the branch of philosophy that studies the assumptions, foundations, and implications of mathematics, and purports to provide a viewpoint of the nature and methodology of mathematics, and to understand the place of mathematics in people's lives.
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Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1 May 1881 – 10 April 1955) was a French idealist philosopher and Jesuit priest who trained as a paleontologist and geologist and took part in the discovery of Peking Man.
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Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (15 January 1809 – 19 January 1865) was a French politician and the founder of mutualist philosophy.
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Plato
Plato (Πλάτων Plátōn, in Classical Attic; 428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC) was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.
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Plotinus
Plotinus (Πλωτῖνος; – 270) was a major Greek-speaking philosopher of the ancient world.
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Poilu
Poilu is an informal term for a French World War I infantryman, meaning, literally, hairy one.
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Pre-Socratic philosophy
A number of early Greek philosophers active before and during the time of Socrates are collectively known as the Pre-Socratics.
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Principia Mathematica
The Principia Mathematica (often abbreviated PM) is a three-volume work on the foundations of mathematics written by Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell and published in 1910, 1912, and 1913.
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Prix Blumenthal
The Prix Blumenthal (or Blumenthal Prize) was a grant or stipend awarded through the philanthropy of Florence Meyer Blumenthal (1875–1930) — and the foundation she created, Fondation franco-américaine Florence Blumenthal (Franco-American Florence Blumenthal Foundation) — to discover young French artists, aid them financially, and in the process draw the United States and France closer together through the arts.
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Probability
Probability is the measure of the likelihood that an event will occur.
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Process and Reality
Process and Reality is a book by Alfred North Whitehead, in which Whitehead propounds a philosophy of organism, also called process philosophy.
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Process philosophy
Process philosophy — also ontology of becoming, processism, or philosophy of organism — identifies metaphysical reality with change and development.
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Psychologism
Psychologism is a philosophical position, according to which psychology plays a central role in grounding or explaining some other, non-psychological type of fact or law.
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Psychosophy
The word psychosophy has etymological roots in the Greek words ψυχή (psychē) and σοφίᾱ (sophiā), which are often interpreted as "soul" and "wisdom", respectively.
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Puy-de-Dôme
Puy-de-Dôme ((Auvergnat: lo Puèi de Doma or lo Puèi Domat) is a department in the centre of France named after the famous dormant volcano, the Puy de Dôme. Inhabitants were called Puydedomois until December 2005. With effect from Spring 2006, in response to a letter writing campaign, the name used for the inhabitants was changed by the Puy-de-Dôme General Council to Puydômois, and this is the name that has since then been used in all official documents and publications.
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Ralph Barton Perry
Ralph Barton Perry (July 3, 1876 in Poultney, Vermont – January 22, 1957 in Boston, Massachusetts) was an American philosopher.
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Rationalism
In philosophy, rationalism is the epistemological view that "regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge" or "any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification".
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René Viviani
Jean Raphaël Adrien René Viviani (8 November 18637 September 1925) was a French politician of the Third Republic, who served as Prime Minister for the first year of World War I. He was born in Sidi Bel Abbès, in French Algeria.
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Revelation
In religion and theology, revelation is the revealing or disclosing of some form of truth or knowledge through communication with a deity or other supernatural entity or entities.
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Revue de métaphysique et de morale
The Revue de métaphysique et de morale is a French philosophy journal co-founded in 1893 by Léon Brunschvicg, Xavier Léon and Élie Halévy.
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Revue de Paris
Revue de Paris was a French literary magazine founded in 1829 by Louis Desiré Veron.
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Rheumatology
Rheumatology (Greek ρεύμα, rheuma, flowing current) is a branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis and therapy of rheumatic diseases.
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Roger Fry
Roger Eliot Fry (14 December 1866 – 9 September 1934) was an English painter and critic, and a member of the Bloomsbury Group.
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Roy Wood Sellars
Roy Wood Sellars (1880, Seaforth, Ontario – September 5, 1973, Ann Arbor) was a Canadian philosopher of critical realism and religious humanism, and a proponent of evolutionary naturalism.
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Samuel Alexander
Samuel Alexander OM, FBA (6 January 185913 September 1938) was an Australian-born British philosopher.
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Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers
Samuel Liddell (or Liddel) MacGregor Mathers (8 or 11 January 1854 – 5 or 20 November 1918), born Samuel Liddell Mathers, was a British occultist.
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Secondary education in France
In France, secondary education is in two stages.
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Self-esteem
Self-esteem reflects an individual's overall subjective emotional evaluation of his or her own worth.
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Society for Psychical Research
The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) is a nonprofit organisation in the United Kingdom.
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Spiritualism (philosophy)
In philosophy, spiritualism is the notion, shared by a wide variety of systems of thought, that there is an immaterial reality that cannot be perceived by the senses.
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Sri Aurobindo
Sri Aurobindo (born Aurobindo Ghose; 15 August 1872 – 5 December 1950) was an Indian philosopher, yogi, guru, poet, and nationalist.
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Stanisław August Poniatowski
Stanisław II Augustus (also Stanisław August Poniatowski; born Stanisław Antoni Poniatowski; 17 January 1732 – 12 February 1798), who reigned as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1764 to 1795, was the last monarch of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Stream of consciousness (psychology)
Stream of consciousness refers to the flow of thoughts in the conscious mind.
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Survival of the fittest
"Survival of the fittest" is a phrase that originated from Darwinian evolutionary theory as a way of describing the mechanism of natural selection.
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Syndicalism
Syndicalism is a proposed type of economic system, considered a replacement for capitalism.
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T. S. Eliot
Thomas Stearns Eliot, (26 September 1888 – 4 January 1965), was an essayist, publisher, playwright, literary and social critic, and "one of the twentieth century's major poets".
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Teleology
Teleology or finality is a reason or explanation for something in function of its end, purpose, or goal.
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Temerl Bergson
Temerl Bergson (also spelled Tamarel; Hebrew name Tamar; surname alternately Sonnenberg or Berekson; תמריל ברגסון, died 1830) was a Polish Jewish businesswoman.
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The Daily Telegraph
The Daily Telegraph, commonly referred to simply as The Telegraph, is a national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally.
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The Hibbert Journal
The Hibbert Journal was a large, quarterly magazine in softback book format, issued since 1902 by the Hibbert Trust, best described by its subtitle: A Quarterly Review of Religion, Theology and Philosophy.
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The Monist
The Monist: An International Quarterly Journal of General Philosophical Inquiry is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of philosophy.
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The Principles of Psychology
The Principles of Psychology is an 1890 book about psychology by William James, an American philosopher and psychologist who trained to be a physician before going into psychology.
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Theodor W. Adorno
Theodor W. Adorno (born Theodor Ludwig Wiesengrund; September 11, 1903 – August 6, 1969) was a German philosopher, sociologist, and composer known for his critical theory of society.
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Theosophical Society
The Theosophical Society was an organization formed in 1875 by Helena Blavatsky to advance Theosophy.
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Time and Free Will
Time and Free Will: An Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness (French: Essai sur les données immédiates de la conscience) is Henri Bergson's doctoral thesis, first published in 1889.
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UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris.
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University College London
University College London (UCL) is a public research university in London, England, and a constituent college of the federal University of London.
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University of Birmingham
The University of Birmingham (informally Birmingham University) is a public research university located in Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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University of Cambridge
The University of Cambridge (informally Cambridge University)The corporate title of the university is The Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge.
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University of Edinburgh
The University of Edinburgh (abbreviated as Edin. in post-nominals), founded in 1582, is the sixth oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of Scotland's ancient universities.
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University of Oxford
The University of Oxford (formally The Chancellor Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford) is a collegiate research university located in Oxford, England.
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University of Paris
The University of Paris (Université de Paris), metonymically known as the Sorbonne (one of its buildings), was a university in Paris, France, from around 1150 to 1793, and from 1806 to 1970.
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Vichy anti-Jewish legislation
Anti-Jewish laws were enacted by the Vichy France government in 1940 and 1941 affecting metropolitan France and its overseas territories during World War II.
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Vichy France
Vichy France (Régime de Vichy) is the common name of the French State (État français) headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II.
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Virginia Woolf
Adeline Virginia Woolf (née Stephen; 25 January 188228 March 1941) was an English writer, who is considered one of the most important modernist 20th-century authors and a pioneer in the use of stream of consciousness as a narrative device.
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Vitalism
Vitalism is the belief that "living organisms are fundamentally different from non-living entities because they contain some non-physical element or are governed by different principles than are inanimate things".
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Vladimir Jankélévitch
Vladimir Jankélévitch (31 August 1903 – 6 June 1985) was a French philosopher and musicologist.
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Wallace Stevens
Wallace Stevens (October 2, 1879 – August 2, 1955) was an American Modernist poet.
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Western philosophy
Western philosophy is the philosophical thought and work of the Western world.
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William James
William James (January 11, 1842 – August 26, 1910) was an American philosopher and psychologist, and the first educator to offer a psychology course in the United States.
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William Pepperell Montague
William Pepperell Montague (11 November 1873 – 1 August 1953) was a philosopher of the New Realist school.
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World Congress of Philosophy
The World Congress of Philosophy (originally known as the International Conference of Philosophy) is a global meeting of philosophers held every five years under the auspices of the International Federation of Philosophical Societies (FISP).
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World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
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Wyndham Lewis
Percy Wyndham Lewis (18 November 1882 – 7 March 1957) was an English writer, painter and critic (he dropped the name "Percy", which he disliked).
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20th-century philosophy
20th-century philosophy saw the development of a number of new philosophical schools—including logical positivism, analytic philosophy, phenomenology, existentialism, and poststructuralism.
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Redirects here:
Bergson, Bergsonian, Bergsonism, H. Bergson, Henri L. Bergson, Henri Louis Bergson, Henri-Louis Bergson, Henry Bergson, The Two Sources of Morality and Religion.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Bergson
