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159 relations: Abel Foullon, Adolph I, Duke of Cleves, Affair of the Diamond Necklace, Agnes of Burgundy, Duchess of Bourbon, Alan van Sprang, Ambroise Paré, Anne of Brittany, Anne of Cyprus, Apothecary, Ashgate Publishing, Austria, Balance of power (international relations), Basilica of St Denis, Battle of Marciano, Battle of Pavia, Battle of Renty, Battle of St. Quentin (1557), Bishopric of Verdun, Brazil, Cadaver tomb, Calais, Calibres de France, Cambridge University Press, Capetian dynasty, Catherine de' Medici, Catholic Church, Charites, Charles I, Duke of Bourbon, Charles II de Valois, Duke of Orléans, Charles III, Duke of Lorraine, Charles IX of France, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles, Count of Angoulême, Charles, Duke of Orléans, Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Claude of France, Claude of France (1547–1575), Columbia University Press, Cryptography, Dauphin of France, Death by burning, Descendants of Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici, Diane (film), Diane de France, Diane de Poitiers, Dougray Scott, Duchy of Lorraine, Duke of Orléans, Duke University Press, Edict of Châteaubriant, ..., Eleanor of Austria, Eleanor of Navarre, Elisabeth of Valois, Elizabeth I of England, Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy, Ever After, Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, Filippa Duci, Flanders, Florence, François Clouet, France Antarctique, Franche-Comté, Francis I of France, Francis II of France, Francis II, Duke of Brittany, Francis III, Duke of Brittany, Francis, Duke of Anjou, Franco-Ottoman alliance, French Wars of Religion, Gabriel, comte de Montgomery, Garde Écossaise, Gaston IV, Count of Foix, Germain Pilon, Greenwood Publishing Group, Henri d'Angoulême, Henry III of France, Henry IV of France, History Today, Holy Roman Empire, House of Habsburg, House of Valois, Huguenots, Italian War of 1551–1559, Italian Wars, James IV of Scotland, Janet Stewart, Lady Fleming, Jeanne de Valois-Saint-Rémy, Joan of France (1556), John, Count of Angoulême, Jousting, Lana Turner, Le Cateau-Cambrésis, List of French monarchs, List of rulers of Brittany, Louis I, Duke of Orléans, Louis of Valois, Louis XII of France, Louis XVI of France, Louis, Duke of Savoy, Louise of Savoy, Louvre, Low Countries, Luca Gaurico, Margaret of Bourbon (1438–1483), Margaret of Foix, Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry, Margaret of Valois, Margaret, Countess of Vertus, Marie of Cleves, Duchess of Orléans, Marisa Pavan, Mary I of England, Mary of Burgundy, Duchess of Cleves, Mary, Queen of Scots, Metz, Nicole de Savigny, Nostradamus, Orazio Farnese, Duke of Castro, Oriental carpets in Renaissance painting, Pale of Calais, Patent, Penguin Books, Philip II of Spain, Philip II, Duke of Savoy, Piedmont, Place des Vosges, Postdiction, Protestantism, Provence, Purdue University Press, Quatrain, Rangefinder, Reformation, Regent, Reign (TV series), Reims Cathedral, Rhine, Richard, Count of Étampes, Roger Moore, Roman Catholic Diocese of Metz, Roman Catholic Diocese of Toul, Saluzzo, Savoy, Scotland, Sepsis, Spain, Spanish Empire, Style of the French sovereign, The CW, Three Bishoprics, Toul, Treaty of Chambord, Tuscany, University of Nebraska Press, University of Toronto Press, Valentina Visconti, Duchess of Orléans, Verdun, Victoria of France, Yale University Press. Expand index (109 more) »
Abel Foullon
Abel Foullon; France, (1513–1563 or 1565) was an author, director of the Mint for Henry II of France and also an engineer to the king of France after Leonardo da Vinci.
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Adolph I, Duke of Cleves
Adolph I of Cleves (Adolf I) (2 August 1373 – 23 September 1448) was the second Count of Cleves and the fourth Count of Mark.
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Affair of the Diamond Necklace
The Affair of the Diamond Necklace was an incident in 1785 at the court of King Louis XVI of France involving his wife, Queen Marie Antoinette.
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Agnes of Burgundy, Duchess of Bourbon
Agnes of Burgundy (1407 – 1 December 1476), duchess of Bourbon (Bourbonnais) and Auvergne, countess of Clermont, was the daughter of John the Fearless (1371–1419) and Margaret of Bavaria.
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Alan van Sprang
Alan van Sprang (born June 19, 1971) is a Canadian actor best known for playing Sir Francis Bryan in the series The Tudors, appearing in the Living Dead films of George A. Romero and for playing King Henry on The CW's original series Reign.
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Ambroise Paré
Ambroise Paré (c. 1510 – 20 December 1590) was a French barber surgeon who served in that role for kings Henry II, Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III.
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Anne of Brittany
Anne of Brittany (25/26 January 1477 – 9 January 1514) was Duchess of Brittany from 1488 until her death, and queen consort of France from 1491 to 1498 and from 1499 to her death.
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Anne of Cyprus
Anne of Cyprus (or Anne de Lusignan) (24 September 1418 – 11 November 1462) was a Duchess of Savoy by marriage to Louis, Duke of Savoy.
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Apothecary
Apothecary is one term for a medical professional who formulates and dispenses materia medica to physicians, surgeons, and patients.
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Ashgate Publishing
Ashgate Publishing was an academic book and journal publisher based in Farnham (Surrey, United Kingdom).
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Austria
Austria (Österreich), officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich), is a federal republic and a landlocked country of over 8.8 million people in Central Europe.
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Balance of power (international relations)
The balance of power theory in international relations suggests that national security is enhanced when military capability is distributed so that no one state is strong enough to dominate all others.
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Basilica of St Denis
The Basilica of Saint Denis (Basilique royale de Saint-Denis, or simply Basilique Saint-Denis) is a large medieval abbey church in the city of Saint-Denis, now a northern suburb of Paris.
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Battle of Marciano
The Battle of Marciano (also known as the Battle of Scannagallo) occurred in the countryside of Marciano della Chiana, near Arezzo, Tuscany, on August 2, 1554, during the Italian War of 1551.
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Battle of Pavia
The Battle of Pavia, fought on the morning of 24 February 1525, was the decisive engagement of the Italian War of 1521–26.
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Battle of Renty
The Battle of Renty was fought on 12 August 1554, between France and the Holy Roman Empire at Renty, a northern French secondary theatre of the Italian Wars.
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Battle of St. Quentin (1557)
The Battle of Saint-Quentin of 1557 was fought at Saint-Quentin in Picardy, during the Italian War of 1551–1559.
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Bishopric of Verdun
The Bishopric of Verdun was also a state of the Holy Roman Empire; it was located at the western edge of the Empire and was bordered by France, the Duchy of Luxembourg, and the Duchy of Bar.
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Brazil
Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.
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Cadaver tomb
A cadaver tomb or transi (or memento mori tomb, Latin for "reminder of death") is a type of gisant (recumbent effigy tomb) featuring an effigy in the form of a decomposing corpse; it was particularly characteristic of the later Middle Ages.
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Calais
Calais (Calés; Kales) is a city and major ferry port in northern France in the department of Pas-de-Calais, of which it is a sub-prefecture.
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Calibres de France
The Calibres de France ("French calibers") was a system of standardization of cannons in France, established by King Francis I of France from about 1525.
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Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.
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Capetian dynasty
The Capetian dynasty, also known as the House of France, is a dynasty of Frankish origin, founded by Hugh Capet.
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Catherine de' Medici
Catherine de Medici (Italian: Caterina de Medici,; French: Catherine de Médicis,; 13 April 1519 – 5 January 1589), daughter of Lorenzo II de' Medici and Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne, was an Italian noblewoman who was queen of France from 1547 until 1559, by marriage to King Henry II.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Charites
In Greek mythology, a Charis (Χάρις) or Grace is one of three or more minor goddesses of charm, beauty, nature, human creativity, and fertility, together known as the Charites (Χάριτες) or Graces.
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Charles I, Duke of Bourbon
Charles de Bourbon (1401 – 4 December 1456, Château de Moulins) was the oldest son of John I, Duke of Bourbon and Marie, Duchess of Auvergne.
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Charles II de Valois, Duke of Orléans
Charles II of Orléans (22 January 1522 – 9 September 1545) was the third son of Francis I and Claude of France.
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Charles III, Duke of Lorraine
Charles III (18 February 1543 – 14 May 1608), known as the Great, was Duke of Lorraine from 1545 until his death.
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Charles IX of France
Charles IX (27 June 1550 – 30 May 1574) was a French monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1560 until his death from tuberculosis.
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Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V (Carlos; Karl; Carlo; Karel; Carolus; 24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506.
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Charles, Count of Angoulême
Charles d'Orléans (1459 – 1 January 1496) was the Count of Angoulême from 1467 until his death.
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Charles, Duke of Orléans
Charles of Orléans (24 November 1394 – 5 January 1465) was Duke of Orléans from 1407, following the murder of his father, Louis I, Duke of Orléans, on the orders of John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy.
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Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
The Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye is a royal palace in the commune of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, in the département of Yvelines, about 19 km west of Paris, France.
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Claude of France
Claude of France (13 October 1499 – 20 July 1524) was a queen consort of France by marriage to Francis I. She was also ruling Duchess of Brittany from 1514.
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Claude of France (1547–1575)
Claude of France (12 November 1547, Fontainebleau – 21 February 1575, Nancy) was a French Princess as the second daughter of King Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici, and Duchess consort of Lorraine by marriage to Charles III, Duke of Lorraine.
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Columbia University Press
Columbia University Press is a university press based in New York City, and affiliated with Columbia University.
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Cryptography
Cryptography or cryptology (from κρυπτός|translit.
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Dauphin of France
The Dauphin of France (Dauphin de France)—strictly The Dauphin of Viennois (Dauphin de Viennois)—was the dynastic title given to the heir apparent to the throne of France from 1350 to 1791 and 1824 to 1830.
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Death by burning
Deliberately causing death through the effects of combustion, or effects of exposure to extreme heat, has a long history as a form of capital punishment.
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Descendants of Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici
Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici were married on October 28, 1533, and their marriage produced ten children.
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Diane (film)
Diane is a 1956 American historical film drama about the life of Diane de Poitiers, produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, directed by David Miller, and produced by Edwin H. Knopf from a screenplay by Christopher Isherwood based on a story by John Erskine.
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Diane de France
Diane de France, suo jure Duchess of Angoulême (25 July 1538 – 11 January 1619) was the natural (illegitimate) daughter of Henry II, King of France, and his Piedmontese mistress Filippa Duci.
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Diane de Poitiers
Diane de Poitiers (3 September 1499 – 25 April 1566) was a French noblewoman and a prominent courtier at the courts of king Francis I and his son, King Henry II of France.
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Dougray Scott
Stephen Dougray Scott (born 26 November 1965) is a Scottish actor.
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Duchy of Lorraine
The Duchy of Lorraine (Lorraine; Lothringen), originally Upper Lorraine, was a duchy now included in the larger present-day region of Lorraine in northeastern France.
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Duke of Orléans
Duke of Orléans (Duc d'Orléans) was a title reserved for French royalty, first created in 1344 by Philip VI in favor of his son Philip of Valois.
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Duke University Press
Duke University Press is an academic publisher of books and journals, and a unit of Duke University.
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Edict of Châteaubriant
The Edict of Châteaubriant, issued from the seat of Anne, duc de Montmorency in Brittany, was promulgated by Henri II of France, 27 June 1551.
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Eleanor of Austria
Eleanor of Austria (15 November 1498 – 25 February 1558), also called Eleanor of Castile, was born an Archduchess of Austria and Infanta of Castile from the House of Habsburg, and subsequently became Queen consort of Portugal (1518–1521) and of France (1530–1547).
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Eleanor of Navarre
Eleanor of Navarre (Leonor and Leonor) (2 February 1426 – 12 February 1479), was the regent of Navarre from 1455 to 1479, then briefly the queen regnant of Navarre in 1479.
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Elisabeth of Valois
Elisabeth of Valois (Isabel de Valois; Élisabeth de France) (2 April 1545 – 3 October 1568) was a Spanish queen consort as the third spouse of Philip II of Spain.
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Elizabeth I of England
Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death on 24 March 1603.
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Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy
Emmanuel Philibert (in Emanuele Filiberto; also known as Testa di ferro, Testa 'd fer, "Ironhead", because of his military career; 8 July 1528 – 30 August 1580) was Duke of Savoy from 1553 to 1580, KG.
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Ever After
Ever After (known in promotional material as Ever After: A Cinderella Story) is a 1998 American romantic drama film inspired by the fairy tale Cinderella.
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Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand I (Fernando I) (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1558, king of Bohemia and Hungary from 1526, and king of Croatia from 1527 until his death.
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Filippa Duci
Filippa Duci (French - Philippa Desducs; 1520, Moncalieri, Piedmont - before October 1586, near Tours), dame de Couy, was a French (originally Italian) courtier.
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Flanders
Flanders (Vlaanderen, Flandre, Flandern) is the Dutch-speaking northern portion of Belgium, although there are several overlapping definitions, including ones related to culture, language, politics and history.
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Florence
Florence (Firenze) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany.
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François Clouet
François Clouet (c. 1510 – 22 December 1572), son of Jean Clouet, was a French Renaissance miniaturist and painter, particularly known for his detailed portraits of the French ruling family.
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France Antarctique
France Antarctique (formerly also spelled France antartique) was a French colony south of the Equator, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which existed between 1555 and 1567, and had control over the coast from Rio de Janeiro to Cabo Frio.
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Franche-Comté
Franche-Comté (literally "Free County", Frainc-Comtou dialect: Fraintche-Comtè; Franche-Comtât; Freigrafschaft; Franco Condado) is a former administrative region and a traditional province of eastern France.
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Francis I of France
Francis I (François Ier) (12 September 1494 – 31 March 1547) was the first King of France from the Angoulême branch of the House of Valois, reigning from 1515 until his death.
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Francis II of France
Francis II (François II) (19 January 1544 – 5 December 1560) was a King of France of the House of Valois-Angoulême from 1559 to 1560.
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Francis II, Duke of Brittany
Francis II of Brittany (in Breton Frañsez II, in French François II) (23 June 1433 – 9 September 1488) was Duke of Brittany from 1458 to his death.
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Francis III, Duke of Brittany
Francis III of Brittany (Frañsez; François; 28 February 1518, in Amboise – 10 August 1536) was Duke of Brittany and Dauphin of Viennois as the first son and heir of King Francis I of France and Duchess Claude of Brittany.
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Francis, Duke of Anjou
Francis, Duke of Anjou and Alençon (Hercule François; 18 March 1555 – 10 June 1584) was the youngest son of Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici.
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Franco-Ottoman alliance
The Franco-Ottoman alliance, also Franco-Turkish alliance, was an alliance established in 1536 between the king of France Francis I and the Turkish sultan of the Ottoman Empire Suleiman the Magnificent.
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French Wars of Religion
The French Wars of Religion refers to a prolonged period of war and popular unrest between Roman Catholics and Huguenots (Reformed/Calvinist Protestants) in the Kingdom of France between 1562 and 1598.
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Gabriel, comte de Montgomery
Gabriel, comte de Montgomery, seigneur de Lorges (5 May 1530 – 26 June 1574), a French nobleman, was a captain of the Scots Guards of King Henry II of France.
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Garde Écossaise
The Garde Écossaise (Scots Guard) was an elite Scottish military unit founded in 1418 by the Valois Charles VII of France, to be personal bodyguards to the French monarchy.
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Gaston IV, Count of Foix
Gaston IV (27 November 1422 – 25 or 28 July 1472) was the sovereign Viscount of Béarn and the Count of Foix and Bigorre in France from 1436 to 1472.
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Germain Pilon
Germain Pilon (c. 1525 – 3 February 1590)Connat & Colombier 1951; Thirion 1996.
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Greenwood Publishing Group
ABC-CLIO/Greenwood is an educational and academic publisher (middle school through university level) which is today part of ABC-CLIO.
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Henri d'Angoulême
Henri de Valois, duc d'Angoulême (1551 in Aix-la-Chapelle – 1586 in Aix-en-Provence), sometimes called "Henri, bâtard de Valois" or "Henri de France", was a Légitimé de France, cleric, and military commander during the Wars of Religion.
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Henry III of France
Henry III (19 September 1551 – 2 August 1589; born Alexandre Édouard de France, Henryk Walezy, Henrikas Valua) was King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1573 to 1575 and King of France from 1574 until his death.
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Henry IV of France
Henry IV (Henri IV, read as Henri-Quatre; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithet Good King Henry, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 to 1610 and King of France from 1589 to 1610.
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History Today
History Today is an illustrated history magazine.
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Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire (Sacrum Romanum Imperium; Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a multi-ethnic but mostly German complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.
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House of Habsburg
The House of Habsburg (traditionally spelled Hapsburg in English), also called House of Austria was one of the most influential and distinguished royal houses of Europe.
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House of Valois
The House of Valois was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty.
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Huguenots
Huguenots (Les huguenots) are an ethnoreligious group of French Protestants who follow the Reformed tradition.
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Italian War of 1551–1559
The Italian War of 1551 (1551–1559), sometimes known as the Habsburg–Valois War and the Last Italian War, began when Henry II of France, who had succeeded Francis I to the throne, declared war against Holy Roman Emperor Charles V with the intent of recapturing Italy and ensuring French, rather than Habsburg, domination of European affairs.
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Italian Wars
The Italian Wars, often referred to as the Great Italian Wars or the Great Wars of Italy and sometimes as the Habsburg–Valois Wars or the Renaissance Wars, were a series of conflicts from 1494 to 1559 that involved, at various times, most of the city-states of Italy, the Papal States, the Republic of Venice, most of the major states of Western Europe (France, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, England, and Scotland) as well as the Ottoman Empire.
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James IV of Scotland
James IV (17 March 1473 – 9 September 1513) was the King of Scotland from 11 June 1488 to his death.
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Janet Stewart, Lady Fleming
Janet Stewart, Lady Fleming (17 July 1502 – 20 February 1562), called la Belle Écossaise (French for "the Beautiful Scotswoman"), was an illegitimate daughter of King James IV of Scotland who served as governess to her half-niece Mary, Queen of Scots.
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Jeanne de Valois-Saint-Rémy
Jeanne de Valois-Saint-Rémy, "Comtesse de la Motte" (22 July 1756 – 23 August 1791) was a notorious French adventuress and thief; she was married to Nicholas de la Motte whose family's claim to nobility is dubious.
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Joan of France (1556)
Joan of France (Jeanne de France; born and died 24 June 1556) was the twin sister of Victoria of France and the last child born to King Henry II of France and his wife, Catherine de' Medici.
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John, Count of Angoulême
John of Orléans, Count of Angoulême and of Périgord (26 June 1399 – 30 April 1467), was a younger son of Louis I, Duke of Orléans, and Valentina Visconti, and a grandson of Charles V of France.
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Jousting
Jousting is a martial game or hastilude between two horsemen wielding lances with blunted tips, often as part of a tournament.
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Lana Turner
Lana Turner (born Julia Jean Turner; February 8, 1921June 29, 1995) was an American actress who worked in film, television, theater, and radio.
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Le Cateau-Cambrésis
Le Cateau-Cambrésis is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.
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List of French monarchs
The monarchs of the Kingdom of France and its predecessors (and successor monarchies) ruled from the establishment of the Kingdom of the Franks in 486 until the fall of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions.
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List of rulers of Brittany
This is a list of rulers of the Duchy of Brittany.
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Louis I, Duke of Orléans
Louis I of Orléans (13 March 1372 – 23 November 1407) was Duke of Orléans from 1392 to his death.
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Louis of Valois
Louis of France (3 February 154924 October 1550), also known as Louis III, Duke of Orléans was the second son and fourth child of Henry II (31 March 151910 July 1559), King of France and his wife, Catherine de' Medici, daughter of Lorenzo II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino and his wife Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne.
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Louis XII of France
Louis XII (27 June 1462 – 1 January 1515) was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1498 to 1515 and King of Naples from 1501 to 1504.
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Louis XVI of France
Louis XVI (23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793), born Louis-Auguste, was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution.
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Louis, Duke of Savoy
Louis I (Ludovico I or Lodovico I in Italian; 24 February 1413 – 29 January 1465) was Duke of Savoy from 1440 until his death in 1465.
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Louise of Savoy
Louise of Savoy (11 September 1476 – 22 September 1531) was a French noble and regent, Duchess suo jure of Auvergne and Bourbon, Duchess of Nemours, and the mother of King Francis I. She was politically active and served as the Regent of France in 1515, in 1525–1526 and in 1529.
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Louvre
The Louvre, or the Louvre Museum, is the world's largest art museum and a historic monument in Paris, France.
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Low Countries
The Low Countries or, in the geographic sense of the term, the Netherlands (de Lage Landen or de Nederlanden, les Pays Bas) is a coastal region in northwestern Europe, consisting especially of the Netherlands and Belgium, and the low-lying delta of the Rhine, Meuse, Scheldt, and Ems rivers where much of the land is at or below sea level.
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Luca Gaurico
Luca Gaurico (in Latin, Lucas Gauricus) (Giffoni March 12, 1475 – March 6, 1558 in Rome) was an Italian astrologer, astronomer, astrological data collector and mathematician.
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Margaret of Bourbon (1438–1483)
Margaret of Bourbon (5 February 1438 – 24 April 1483) was the daughter of Charles I, Duke of Bourbon (1401–1456) and Agnes of Burgundy (1407–1476).
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Margaret of Foix
Margaret of Foix (French: Marguerite de Foix; c. 1449 – 15 May 1486) was Duchess of Brittany from 1474 to 1486 by marriage to Francis II, Duke of Brittany.
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Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry
Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry (French: Marguerite de Valois) (5 June 1523 – 15 September 1574) was the daughter of King Francis I of France and Claude, Duchess of Brittany.
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Margaret of Valois
Margaret of Valois (Marguerite, 14 May 1553 – 27 March 1615), commonly Margot, was a French princess of the Valois dynasty who became queen consort of Navarre and later also of France.
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Margaret, Countess of Vertus
Margaret, Countess of Vertus (French: Marguerite d'Orléans; 4 December 1406- 1466), was a French vassal, Countess of Vertus and Etampes 1420–1466.
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Marie of Cleves, Duchess of Orléans
Marie of Cleves (19 September 1426 – 23 August 1487) was the third wife of Charles, Duke of Orléans, and the mother of his only son, King Louis XII of France.
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Marisa Pavan
Marisa Pavan (born Maria Luisa Pierangeli; 19 June 1932) is an Italian-born actress who first became famous as the twin sister of film star Pier Angeli (Anna Maria Pierangeli) before achieving success in films on her own.
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Mary I of England
Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558) was the Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 until her death.
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Mary of Burgundy, Duchess of Cleves
Mary of Burgundy, Duchess of Cleves (1393 – 30 October 1466) was the second child of John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria, and an elder sister of Philip the Good.
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Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I, reigned over Scotland from 14 December 1542 to 24 July 1567.
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Metz
Metz (Lorraine Franconian pronunciation) is a city in northeast France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers.
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Nicole de Savigny
Nicole de Savigny (1535-1590), was the daughter of Georges II of Savigny and his first wife, Nicole d'Haussonville.
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Nostradamus
Michel de Nostredame (depending on the source, 14 or 21 December 1503 – 2 July 1566), usually Latinised as Nostradamus was a French physician and reputed seer, who is best known for his book Les Propheties, a collection of 942 poetic quatrains allegedly predicting future events. The book was first published in 1555 and has rarely been out of print since his death. Nostradamus's family was originally Jewish, but had converted to Catholicism before he was born. He studied at the University of Avignon, but was forced to leave after just over a year when the university closed due to an outbreak of the plague. He worked as an apothecary for several years before entering the University of Montpellier, hoping to earn a doctorate, but was almost immediately expelled after his work as an apothecary (a manual trade forbidden by university statutes) was discovered. He first married in 1531, but his wife and two children were killed in 1534 during another plague outbreak. He fought alongside doctors against the plague before remarrying to Anne Ponsarde, who bore him six children. He wrote an almanac for 1550 and, as a result of its success, continued writing them for future years as he began working as an astrologer for various wealthy patrons. Catherine de' Medici became one of his foremost supporters. His Les Propheties, published in 1555, relied heavily on historical and literary precedent and initially received mixed reception. He suffered from severe gout towards the end of his life, which eventually developed in edema. He died on 2 July 1566. Many popular authors have retold apocryphal legends about his life. In the years since the publication of his Les Propheties, Nostradamus has attracted a large number of supporters, who, along with much of the popular press, credit him with having accurately predicted many major world events. Most academic sources reject the notion that Nostradamus had any genuine supernatural prophetic abilities and maintain that the associations made between world events and Nostradamus's quatrains are the result of misinterpretations or mistranslations (sometimes deliberate). These academics argue that Nostradamus's predictions are characteristically vague, meaning they could be applied to virtually anything, and are useless for determining whether their author had any real prophetic powers. They also point out that English translations of his quatrains are almost always of extremely poor quality, based on later manuscripts, produced by authors with little knowledge of sixteenth-century French, and often deliberately mistranslated to make the prophecies fit whatever events the translator believed they were supposed to have predicted.
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Orazio Farnese, Duke of Castro
Orazio Farnese, Duke of Castro (Valentano, February 1532 – Hesdin, 18 July 1553) was the third duke of Castro.
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Oriental carpets in Renaissance painting
Carpets of Middle-Eastern origin, either from Anatolia, Persia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, the Levant, the Mamluk state of Egypt or Northern Africa, were used as decorative features in Western European paintings from the 14th century onwards. More depictions of Oriental carpets in Renaissance painting survive than actual carpets produced before the 17th century, though the number of these known has increased in recent decades. Therefore, comparative art-historical research has from its onset in the late 19th century relied on carpets represented in datable European paintings.
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Pale of Calais
The Pale of Calais (le Calaisis) was a historical region in France that was controlled by the monarchs of England following the Battle of Crécy in 1346 and the subsequent siege.
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Patent
A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state or intergovernmental organization to an inventor or assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for detailed public disclosure of an invention.
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Penguin Books
Penguin Books is a British publishing house.
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Philip II of Spain
Philip II (Felipe II; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598), called "the Prudent" (el Prudente), was King of Spain (1556–98), King of Portugal (1581–98, as Philip I, Filipe I), King of Naples and Sicily (both from 1554), and jure uxoris King of England and Ireland (during his marriage to Queen Mary I from 1554–58).
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Philip II, Duke of Savoy
Philip II (5 February 1438 – 7 November 1497), surnamed the Landless, was the Duke of Savoy for a brief reign from 1496 to 1497.
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Piedmont
Piedmont (Piemonte,; Piedmontese, Occitan and Piemont; Piémont) is a region in northwest Italy, one of the 20 regions of the country.
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Place des Vosges
The Place des Vosges, originally Place Royale, is the oldest planned square in Paris.
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Postdiction
Postdiction involves explanation after the fact.
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Protestantism
Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively more than 900 million adherents worldwide or nearly 40% of all Christians.
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Provence
Provence (Provençal: Provença in classical norm or Prouvènço in Mistralian norm) is a geographical region and historical province of southeastern France, which extends from the left bank of the lower Rhône River to the west to the Italian border to the east, and is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the south.
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Purdue University Press
Purdue University Press, founded in 1960, is a university press that is part of Purdue University.
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Quatrain
A quatrain is a type of stanza, or a complete poem, consisting of four lines.
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Rangefinder
A rangefinder is a device that measures distance from the observer to a target, in a process called ranging.
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Reformation
The Reformation (or, more fully, the Protestant Reformation; also, the European Reformation) was a schism in Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther and continued by Huldrych Zwingli, John Calvin and other Protestant Reformers in 16th century Europe.
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Regent
A regent (from the Latin regens: ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state because the monarch is a minor, is absent or is incapacitated.
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Reign (TV series)
Reign is an American historical romantic drama television series following the early exploits of Mary, Queen of Scots.
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Reims Cathedral
Reims Cathedral (Our Lady of Reims, Notre-Dame de Reims) is a Roman Catholic church in Reims, France, built in the High Gothic style.
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Rhine
--> The Rhine (Rhenus, Rein, Rhein, le Rhin,, Italiano: Reno, Rijn) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Liechtenstein, Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the German Rhineland and the Netherlands and eventually empties into the North Sea.
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Richard, Count of Étampes
Richard, Count of Montfort, Vertus and Étampes (c. 1396 – 2 June 1438) was the eighth child and youngest son of John IV, Duke of Brittany, and his third wife, Joan of Navarre.
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Roger Moore
Sir Roger George Moore (14 October 1927 – 23 May 2017) was an English actor.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Metz
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Metz (Latin: Dioecesis Metensis; French: Diocèse de Metz) is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Toul
The Diocese of Toul was a Roman Catholic diocese seated at Toul in present-day France.
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Saluzzo
Saluzzo (Saluces) is a town and former principality in the province of Cuneo, Piedmont region, Italy.
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Savoy
Savoy (Savouè,; Savoie; Savoia) is a cultural region in Western Europe.
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Scotland
Scotland (Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain.
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Sepsis
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs.
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Spain
Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.
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Spanish Empire
The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español; Imperium Hispanicum), historically known as the Hispanic Monarchy (Monarquía Hispánica) and as the Catholic Monarchy (Monarquía Católica) was one of the largest empires in history.
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Style of the French sovereign
The precise style of French Sovereigns varied over the years.
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The CW
The CW Television Network (commonly referred to as just The CW) is an American English-language broadcast television network that is operated by the CW Network, LLC, a limited liability joint venture between CBS Corporation, the former owners of United Paramount Network (UPN), and Warner Bros. Entertainment, former majority owner of The WB.
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Three Bishoprics
The Three Bishoprics (les Trois-Évêchés) constituted a province of pre-revolutionary France consisting of the dioceses of Metz, Verdun, and Toul within the Lorraine region.
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Toul
Toul is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France.
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Treaty of Chambord
The Treaty of Chambord was an agreement signed on 15 January 1552 at the Château de Chambord between the Catholic King Henry II of France and three Protestant princes of the Holy Roman Empire led by Elector Maurice of Saxony.
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Tuscany
Tuscany (Toscana) is a region in central Italy with an area of about and a population of about 3.8 million inhabitants (2013).
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University of Nebraska Press
The University of Nebraska Press, also known as UNP, was founded in 1941 and is an academic publisher of scholarly and general-interest books.
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University of Toronto Press
The University of Toronto Press is a Canadian scholarly publisher and book distributor founded in 1901.
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Valentina Visconti, Duchess of Orléans
Valentina Visconti (1371 – 4 December 1408), was a Sovereign Countess of Vertus, and Duchess consort of Orléans as the wife of Louis de Valois, Duke of Orléans, the younger brother of King Charles VI of France.
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Verdun
Verdun (official name before 1970 Verdun-sur-Meuse) is a small city in the Meuse department in Grand Est in northeastern France.
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Victoria of France
Victoria of France (Victoire de France; 24 June 1556 – 17 August 1556) and her twin sister Joan were the last children born to King Henry II of France and his wife, Catherine de' Medici.
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Yale University Press
Yale University Press is a university press associated with Yale University.
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Redirects here:
Henri II of France, Henry II (of France), Henry II, King of France, King Henri II, Victoire of Valois.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_France
