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238 relations: Adela of France, Adela of Normandy, Adelaide of Aquitaine, Adelaide-Blanche of Anjou, Adeliza of Louvain, Alan IV, Duke of Brittany, Alençon, Alfred the Great, Alice FitzRoy, Alton, Hampshire, Amaury III of Montfort, Anglo-Saxon law, Anglo-Saxons, Anselm of Canterbury, Archbishop of Canterbury, Archbishop of York, Arnulf II, Count of Flanders, Arundel Castle, Austin Lane Poole, Avranchin, Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders, Baldwin V, Count of Flanders, Baldwin VII, Count of Flanders, Battle of Brémule, Battle of Tinchebray, Bishop of Durham, Bishop of Lincoln, Bishop of London, Bishop of Winchester, Breteuil, Eure, Bridgnorth, Brut y Tywysogion, Buckinghamshire, C. Warren Hollister, Caen, Chancellor, Charles I, Count of Flanders, Charter of Liberties, Château de Domfront, Circa, Cluniac Reforms, Cluny Abbey, Conan I of Rennes, Conan III, Duke of Brittany, Congregation of Savigny, Consanguinity, Constance of Arles, Cotentin Peninsula, Count of Flanders, Count of Ponthieu, ..., Countess of Pembroke, Counts and dukes of Maine, Crossbow, Cumbria, Curia regis, David I of Scotland, Dissolution of the Monasteries, Domfront, Orne, Duchy of Brittany, Duchy of Normandy, Duke of Normandy, Eadmer, Earl of Cornwall, Earl of Surrey, Edgar Ætheling, Edmund Ironside, Edward the Confessor, Edwardian era, Elias I, Count of Maine, Empress Matilda, English Channel, English Heritage, Ermengarde-Gerberga of Anjou, Exchequer, Exhumation and reburial of Richard III of England, Eyre (legal term), Falaise, Calvados, Familiaris, Fergus of Galloway, First Crusade, Francis Palgrave, Frederick of Luxembourg, Fulbert of Falaise, Fulk FitzRoy, Fulk, King of Jerusalem, Geoffrey Brito, Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Geoffrey, Count of Nantes, Gervase of Canterbury, Gilbert Fitz Richard, Gilbert FitzRoy, Gloucestershire, Gregorian Reform, Gruffudd ap Cynan, Gunnora, Hamo Dapifer, Helias of Saint-Saens, Henry FitzRoy (d. 1158), Henry I of France, Henry II of England, Henry of Blois, Henry of Huntingdon, Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, Henry William Carless Davis, Herleva, Historia Regum Britanniae, Holy Roman Emperor, Homage (feudal), House of Normandy, Hugh Capet, Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, Hugh of Amiens, Hugh the Chanter, Ivry-la-Bataille, John Le Patourel, John of Worcester, Judge, Judith Green (historian), Judith of Brittany, Juliane de Fontevrault, Kingdom of France, L'Aigle, Lambeth Palace, Lamprey, Lanfranc, Latin, Leprosy, Levant, Liberal arts education, List of English monarchs, List of rulers of Brittany, Lords, counts and dukes of Perche, Louis VI of France, Lyons-la-Forêt, Malcolm III of Scotland, Marcher Lord, Maredudd ap Bleddyn, Mark (currency), Matilda FitzRoy, Abbess of Montvilliers, Matilda FitzRoy, Countess of Perche, Matilda FitzRoy, Duchess of Brittany, Matilda of Anjou, Matilda of Boulogne, Matilda of Flanders, Matilda of Scotland, Matthew Paris, Maurice (bishop of London), Melee, Merlin, Mont Saint-Michel, Nest ferch Rhys, Neuilly-la-Forêt, New Forest, Norman conquest of England, Odo of Bayeux, Ogive of Luxembourg, Orderic Vitalis, Owain ap Cadwgan, Pevensey, Philip I of France, Philippa Langley, Pipe rolls, Pope Callixtus II, Pope Urban II, Porphyrogeniture, Portsmouth, Primogeniture, Priory, Proxy war, R. W. Southern, Ralph d'Escures, Ranulf Flambard, Reading Abbey, Reginald de Dunstanville, 1st Earl of Cornwall, Reims, Richard d'Avranches, 2nd Earl of Chester, Richard de Redvers, Richard I of Normandy, Richard II, Duke of Normandy, Richard of Lincoln (illegitimate son of Henry I of England), Richard, son of William the Conqueror, Ripon, Robert Bloet, Robert Curthose, Robert FitzEdith, Lord Okehampton, Robert Fitzhamon, Robert I, Duke of Normandy, Robert II of France, Robert of Bellême, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury, Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester, Roger of Salisbury, Roman Catholic Diocese of Bayeux, Rotrou III, Count of Perche, Rouen, Rougemontiers, Rozala of Italy, Saint Osmund, Salisbury Cathedral, Selby, Shrewsbury Castle, Sibyl of Falaise, Sibylla of Anjou, Stephen, King of England, Style of the British sovereign, Suger, Suzerainty, Sybilla of Normandy, Temporalities, The Anarchy, Theobald II, Count of Champagne, Thomas of Bayeux, Thurstan, Tickhill Castle, Tinchebray, Tironensian Order, Tower of London, Treaty of Alton, Urse d'Abetot, Vatteville, Vexin, Victorian era, Waleran de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Worcester, Wales, Westminster Abbey, White Ship, William Adelin, William Clito, William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey, William Giffard, William I of Provence, William II of England, William III, Count of Ponthieu, William of Malmesbury, William the Conqueror, Winchester Castle, Windsor Castle, Woodstock Palace, Yorkshire. Expand index (188 more) »
Adela of France
Adela of France,Other forms of her name are Adèle, Adélaïde, Adelheid, Aelis and Alix.
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Adela of Normandy
Adela of Normandy, of Blois, or of England (c. 1067LoPrete, Kimberly. "Adela of Blois." Women and Gender in Medieval Europe: An Encyclopedia. Ed. Margaret Schaus. New York: Routledge, 2006. 6-7. – 8 March 1137), also known as in Roman Catholicism, was Countess of Blois, Chartres, and Meaux by marriage to Stephen II, Count of Blois.
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Adelaide of Aquitaine
Adbelahide or Adele or Adelaide of Aquitaine (or Adelaide of Poitiers) (c. 945 or 952 – 1004), was queen consort of France by marriage to Hugh Capet.
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Adelaide-Blanche of Anjou
Adelaide-Blanche of AnjouThe majority of historians refer to her as Adélaïde d'Anjou, for example see Stasser (1997).
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Adeliza of Louvain
Adeliza of Louvain, sometimes known in England as Adelicia of Louvain, also called Adela and Aleidis; (c. 1103 – 23 April 1151) was Queen of England from 1121 to 1135, as the second wife of King Henry I. She was the daughter of Godfrey I, Count of Louvain.
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Alan IV, Duke of Brittany
Alan IV (born circa 1063; died 13 October 1119) was Duke of Brittany from 1084 until his abdication in 1112.
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Alençon
Alençon is a commune in Normandy, France, capital of the Orne department.
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Alfred the Great
Alfred the Great (Ælfrēd, Ælfrǣd, "elf counsel" or "wise elf"; 849 – 26 October 899) was King of Wessex from 871 to 899.
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Alice FitzRoy
Alix or Aline FitzRoy (d. before 1141) was the illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England by one of his many mistresses.
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Alton, Hampshire
Alton is a market town and civil parish in Hampshire, England, near the source of the River Wey.
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Amaury III of Montfort
Amaury III de Montfort († 1137) was a French nobleman, the seigneur de Montfort-l'Amaury, Épernon, and Houdan in the Île-de-France (1098–) and count of Évreux in Normandy, (1118 to).
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Anglo-Saxon law
Anglo-Saxon law (Old English ǣ, later lagu "law"; dōm "decree, judgment") is a body of written rules and customs that were in place during the Anglo-Saxon period in England, before the Norman conquest.
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Anglo-Saxons
The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century.
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Anselm of Canterbury
Anselm of Canterbury (1033/4-1109), also called (Anselmo d'Aosta) after his birthplace and (Anselme du Bec) after his monastery, was a Benedictine monk, abbot, philosopher and theologian of the Catholic Church, who held the office of archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109.
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Archbishop of Canterbury
The Archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury.
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Archbishop of York
The Archbishop of York is a senior bishop in the Church of England, second only to the Archbishop of Canterbury.
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Arnulf II, Count of Flanders
Arnulf II of Flanders (960 or 961 – 30 March 987) was Count of Flanders from 965 until his death.
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Arundel Castle
Arundel Castle is a restored and remodelled medieval castle in Arundel, West Sussex, England.
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Austin Lane Poole
Austin Lane Poole, FBA (6 December 1889 – 22 February 1963) was a British mediaevalist.
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Avranchin
The Avranchin is an area in Normandy, France corresponding to the territory of the Abrincatui, a tribe of Celts from whom the city of Avranches, the main town of the Avranchin, takes its name.
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Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders
Baldwin IV (980 – 30 May 1035), called the Bearded, was Count of Flanders from 987.
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Baldwin V, Count of Flanders
Baldwin V of Flanders (19 August 1012, Arras, Flanders – 1 September 1067, Lille, Flanders) was Count of Flanders from 1035 until his death.
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Baldwin VII, Count of Flanders
Baldwin VII of Flanders (1093 – 17 July 1119) was Count of Flanders from 1111 to 1119.
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Battle of Brémule
The Battle of Brémule was fought on 20 August 1119 between Henry I of England and Louis VI the Fat of France.
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Battle of Tinchebray
The Battle of Tinchebray (alternate spellings Tinchebrai or Tenchebrai) was fought 28 September 1106, in Tinchebray (today in Orne département of France), Normandy, between an invading force led by King Henry I of England, and his elder brother Robert Curthose, the Duke of Normandy.
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Bishop of Durham
The Bishop of Durham is the Anglican bishop responsible for the Diocese of Durham in the Province of York.
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Bishop of Lincoln
The Bishop of Lincoln is the ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Lincoln in the Province of Canterbury.
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Bishop of London
The Bishop of London is the ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of London in the Province of Canterbury.
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Bishop of Winchester
The Bishop of Winchester is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Winchester in the Church of England.
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Breteuil, Eure
Breteuil (also called Breteuil-sur-Iton) is a commune in the Eure department in Normandy in northern France.
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Bridgnorth
Bridgnorth is a town in Shropshire, England.
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Brut y Tywysogion
Brut y Tywysogion (Chronicle of the Princes), also known as Brut y Tywysogyon, is one of the most important primary sources for Welsh history.
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Buckinghamshire
Buckinghamshire, abbreviated Bucks, is a county in South East England which borders Greater London to the south east, Berkshire to the south, Oxfordshire to the west, Northamptonshire to the north, Bedfordshire to the north east and Hertfordshire to the east.
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C. Warren Hollister
Charles Warren Hollister (November 2, 1930 – September 14, 1997) was an American author and historian.
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Caen
Caen (Norman: Kaem) is a commune in northwestern France.
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Chancellor
Chancellor (cancellarius) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many nations.
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Charles I, Count of Flanders
Blessed Charles the Good (1084 – 2 March 1127) was Count of Flanders from 1119 to 1127.
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Charter of Liberties
The Charter of Liberties, also called the Coronation Charter, was a written proclamation by Henry I of England, issued upon his accession to the throne in 1100.
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Château de Domfront
The Château de Domfront is a ruined castle in the town of Domfront, in the Orne département of France.
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Circa
Circa, usually abbreviated c., ca. or ca (also circ. or cca.), means "approximately" in several European languages (and as a loanword in English), usually in reference to a date.
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Cluniac Reforms
The Cluniac Reforms (also called the Benedictine Reform) were a series of changes within medieval monasticism of the Western Church focused on restoring the traditional monastic life, encouraging art, and caring for the poor.
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Cluny Abbey
Cluny Abbey (formerly also Cluni, or Clugny) is a former Benedictine monastery in Cluny, Saône-et-Loire, France.
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Conan I of Rennes
Conan I († 27 June 992) nicknamed Le Tort (The Crooked) was the Duke of Brittany from 990 to his death.
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Conan III, Duke of Brittany
Conan III, also known as Conan of Cornouaille and Conan the Fat (Konan III a Vreizh, and Konan Kerne; c. 1093–1096 – September 17, 1148) was duke of Brittany, from 1112 to his death.
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Congregation of Savigny
The monastic Congregation of Savigny (Savigniac Order) started in the abbey of Savigny, situated in northern France, on the confines of Normandy and Brittany, in the Diocese of Coutances.
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Consanguinity
Consanguinity ("blood relation", from the Latin consanguinitas) is the property of being from the same kinship as another person.
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Constance of Arles
Constance of Arles (c. 986 – 28 July 1032), also known as Constance of Provence, was a queen consort of France as the third spouse of King Robert II of France.
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Cotentin Peninsula
The Cotentin Peninsula, also known as the Cherbourg Peninsula, is a peninsula in Normandy that forms part of the northwest coast of France.
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Count of Flanders
The Count of Flanders was the ruler or sub-ruler of the county of Flanders, beginning in the 9th century.
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Count of Ponthieu
The County of Ponthieu, centered on the mouth of the Somme, became a member of the Norman group of vassal states when Count Guy submitted to William of Normandy after the battle of Mortemer.
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Countess of Pembroke
Countess of Pembroke is a title that has been borne by several women throughout history, including.
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Counts and dukes of Maine
This is a list of counts and dukes of Maine, with their capital at Le Mans.
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Crossbow
A crossbow is a type of ranged weapon based on the bow and consisting of a horizontal bow-like assembly mounted on a frame which is handheld in a similar fashion to the stock of a gun.
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Cumbria
Cumbria is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in North West England.
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Curia regis
Curia regis is a Latin term meaning "royal council" or "king's court." It was the name given to councils of advisors and administrators who served early French kings as well as to those serving Norman and later kings of England.
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David I of Scotland
David I or Dauíd mac Maíl Choluim (Modern: Daibhidh I mac Chaluim; – 24 May 1153) was a 12th-century ruler who was Prince of the Cumbrians from 1113 to 1124 and later King of the Scots from 1124 to 1153.
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Dissolution of the Monasteries
The Dissolution of the Monasteries, sometimes referred to as the Suppression of the Monasteries, was the set of administrative and legal processes between 1536 and 1541 by which Henry VIII disbanded monasteries, priories, convents and friaries in England and Wales and Ireland, appropriated their income, disposed of their assets, and provided for their former personnel and functions.
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Domfront, Orne
Domfront is a former commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
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Duchy of Brittany
The Duchy of Brittany (Breton: Dugelezh Breizh, French: Duché de Bretagne) was a medieval feudal state that existed between approximately 939 and 1547.
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Duchy of Normandy
The Duchy of Normandy grew out of the 911 Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between King Charles III of West Francia and Rollo, leader of the Vikings.
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Duke of Normandy
In the Middle Ages, the Duke of Normandy was the ruler of the Duchy of Normandy in north-western France.
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Eadmer
Eadmer or Edmer (&ndash) was an English historian, theologian, and ecclesiastic.
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Earl of Cornwall
The title of Earl of Cornwall was created several times in the Peerage of England before 1337, when it was superseded by the title Duke of Cornwall, which became attached to heirs-apparent to the throne.
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Earl of Surrey
The Earl of Surrey is a title in the Peerage of England, and has been created five times.
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Edgar Ætheling
Edgar Ætheling (also spelt Æþeling, Aetheling, Atheling or Etheling) or Edgar II (c. 1051 – c. 1126) was the last male member of the royal house of Cerdic of Wessex (see House of Wessex family tree).
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Edmund Ironside
Edmund Ironside (c.990 – 30 November 1016), also known as Edmund II, was King of England from 23 April to 30 November 1016.
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Edward the Confessor
Edward the Confessor (Ēadƿeard Andettere, Eduardus Confessor; 1003 – 5 January 1066), also known as Saint Edward the Confessor, was among the last Anglo-Saxon kings of England.
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Edwardian era
The Edwardian era or Edwardian period of British history covers the brief reign of King Edward VII, 1901 to 1910, and is sometimes extended in both directions to capture long-term trends from the 1890s to the First World War.
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Elias I, Count of Maine
Elias I (also Hélie or Élie) (died 11 July 1110),Nécrologe-obituaire de la cathédrale du Mans, G. Busson and A. Ledru eds., Archives historiques de Maine VII (Le Mans 1906),163-164.
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Empress Matilda
Empress Matilda (c. 7 February 110210 September 1167), also known as the Empress Maude, was the claimant to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy.
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English Channel
The English Channel (la Manche, "The Sleeve"; Ärmelkanal, "Sleeve Channel"; Mor Breizh, "Sea of Brittany"; Mor Bretannek, "Sea of Brittany"), also called simply the Channel, is the body of water that separates southern England from northern France and links the southern part of the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean.
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English Heritage
English Heritage (officially the English Heritage Trust) is a registered charity that manages the National Heritage Collection.
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Ermengarde-Gerberga of Anjou
Ermengarde-Gerberga of Anjou, also called Ermengarde of Anjou (-),She is called Ermengarde in northern sources however at least one early southern source calls her Gerberga.
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Exchequer
In the civil service of the United Kingdom, Her Majesty’s Exchequer, or just the Exchequer, is the accounting process of central government and the government's current account i.e. money held from taxation and other government revenues in the Consolidated Fund.
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Exhumation and reburial of Richard III of England
The exhumation and reburial of Richard III began with the discovery of the king's remains within the site of the former Greyfriars Friary Church in Leicester, England, in September 2012.
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Eyre (legal term)
An Eyre or Iter was the name of a circuit traveled by an itinerant justice in medieval England (a Justice in Eyre), or the circuit court over which they presided, or the right of the monarch (or justices acting in their name) to visit and inspect the holdings of any vassal.
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Falaise, Calvados
Falaise is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.
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Familiaris
In the Middle Ages, a familiaris (plural familiares), more formally a familiaris regis ("familiar of the king") or familiaris curiae ("of the court"), was, in the words of the historian W. L. Warren, "an intimate, a familiar resident or visitor in the household, a member of the familia, that wider family which embraces servants, confidents, and close associates." Warren adds that the term "defies adequate translation", but is distinct from courtier, "for the king employed his familiares on a variety of administrative tasks." The familiares of a king are collectively referred to as the familia regis, which evolved into a private royal council—in England during the reign of Henry III (1216–72) and in France during that of Philip V (1316–22).
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Fergus of Galloway
Fergus of Galloway (died 12 May 1161) was a twelfth-century Lord of Galloway.
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First Crusade
The First Crusade (1095–1099) was the first of a number of crusades that attempted to recapture the Holy Land, called for by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont in 1095.
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Francis Palgrave
Sir Francis Palgrave, (born Francis Ephraim Cohen, July 1788 – 6 July 1861) was an English archivist and historian.
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Frederick of Luxembourg
Frederick of Luxembourg (965 – 6 October 1019), Count of Moselgau, was a son of Siegfried of Luxembourg and Hedwig of Nordgau.
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Fulbert of Falaise
Fulbert of Falaise (fl. 11th century) was the father of Herleva, mother of the illegitimate William the Conqueror, the 11th-century Duke of Normandy and King of England.
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Fulk FitzRoy
Fulk FitzRoy (1092-1132?) was an illegitimate son of Henry I of England and Anfide, one of his mistresses.
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Fulk, King of Jerusalem
Fulk (Fulco, Foulque or Foulques; c. 1089/92 – 13 November 1143), also known as Fulk the Younger, was the Count of Anjou (as Fulk V) from 1109 to 1129 and the King of Jerusalem from 1131 to his death.
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Geoffrey Brito
Geoffrey Brito (or Geoffrey le Breton) (died 1128) was a native of Brittany who became Archbishop of Rouen in the Middle Ages.
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Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou
Geoffrey V (24 August 1113 – 7 September 1151) — called the Handsome or the Fair (le Bel) and Plantagenet — was the Count of Anjou, Touraine, and Maine by inheritance from 1129 and then Duke of Normandy by conquest from 1144.
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Geoffrey, Count of Nantes
Geoffrey VI (1 June 1134 – 27 July 1158) was Count of Nantes from 1156 to 1158.
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Gervase of Canterbury
Gervase of Canterbury (Latin: Gervasus Cantuariensis or Gervasius Dorobornensis) (c. 1141 – c. 1210) was an English chronicler.
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Gilbert Fitz Richard
Gilbert Fitz Richard (–), was styled de Clare, de Tonbridge, and Lord of Clare.
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Gilbert FitzRoy
Gilbert FitzRoy was an illegitimate son of Henry I of England.
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Gloucestershire
Gloucestershire (formerly abbreviated as Gloucs. in print but now often as Glos.) is a county in South West England.
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Gregorian Reform
The Gregorian Reforms were a series of reforms initiated by Pope Gregory VII and the circle he formed in the papal curia, c. 1050–80, which dealt with the moral integrity and independence of the clergy.
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Gruffudd ap Cynan
Gruffudd ap Cynan (c. 1055 – 1137), sometimes written as Gruffydd ap Cynan, was King of Gwynedd from 1081 until his death in 1137.
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Gunnora
Gunnora (or Gunnor) (circa 936 – 5 Jan 1031) was a Duchess of Normandy and the wife of Richard I of Normandy.
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Hamo Dapifer
Hamo DapiferHollister Henry I pp.
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Helias of Saint-Saens
Helias of Saint Saens (–1128),Stephanie L. Mooers, "Backers and Stabbers": Problems of Loyalty in Robert Curthose's Entourage, Journal of British Studies, Vol.
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Henry FitzRoy (d. 1158)
Henry FitzRoy (born c. 1100-1104, died 1158) was an illegitimate son of Henry I of England by Nest, daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwr, last king of Deheubarth (d. 1093), and his wife, Gwladys ferch Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn.
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Henry I of France
Henry I (4 May 1008 – 4 August 1060) was King of the Franks from 1031 to his death.
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Henry II of England
Henry II (5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189), also known as Henry Curtmantle (Court-manteau), Henry FitzEmpress or Henry Plantagenet, ruled as Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Nantes, King of England and Lord of Ireland; at various times, he also partially controlled Wales, Scotland and Brittany.
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Henry of Blois
Henry of Blois (c. 1096 8 August 1171), often known as Henry of Winchester, was Abbot of Glastonbury Abbey from 1126, and Bishop of Winchester from 1129 to his death.
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Henry of Huntingdon
Henry of Huntingdon (Henricus Huntindoniensis; 1088 – AD 1157), the son of a canon in the diocese of Lincoln, was a 12th-century English historian, the author of a history of England, the Historia Anglorum, "the most important Anglo-Norman historian to emerge from the secular clergy".
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Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor
Henry V (Heinrich V.; 11 August 1081/86 – 23 May 1125) was King of Germany (from 1099 to 1125) and Holy Roman Emperor (from 1111 to 1125), the fourth and last ruler of the Salian dynasty.
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Henry William Carless Davis
Henry William Carless Davis, CBE, FBA (13 January 1874 in Ebley, Gloucestershire – 28 June 1928 in Edinburgh, Scotland) was a British historian, editor of the Dictionary of National Biography, and Oxford Regius Professor of Modern History.
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Herleva
Herleva (1003 – c. 1050) was a Norman woman of the 11th century, known for three sons: William I of England "the Conqueror", an illegitimate son fathered by Robert I, Duke of Normandy; and Odo of Bayeux and Robert, Count of Mortain, who were both fathered by her husband Herluin de Conteville.
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Historia Regum Britanniae
Historia regum Britanniae (The History of the Kings of Britain), originally called De gestis Britonum (On the Deeds of the Britons), is a pseudohistorical account of British history, written around 1136 by Geoffrey of Monmouth.
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Holy Roman Emperor
The Holy Roman Emperor (historically Romanorum Imperator, "Emperor of the Romans") was the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire (800-1806 AD, from Charlemagne to Francis II).
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Homage (feudal)
Homage in the Middle Ages was the ceremony in which a feudal tenant or vassal pledged reverence and submission to his feudal lord, receiving in exchange the symbolic title to his new position (investiture).
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House of Normandy
The House of Normandy is the usual designation for the family that were the Counts of Rouen, Dukes of Normandy and Kings of England which immediately followed the Norman conquest of England and lasted until the House of Plantagenet came to power in 1154.
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Hugh Capet
Hugh CapetCapet is a byname of uncertain meaning distinguishing him from his father Hugh the Great.
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Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester
Hugh d'Avranches (– 27 July 1101), also known as (Hugues le Gros) or (Hugo Lupus), was the second Norman earl of Chester (2nd creation) and one of the great magnates of early Norman England.
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Hugh of Amiens
Hugh of Amiens (died 1164), monk of Cluny, prior of Limoges, prior of Lewes, abbot of Reading and archbishop of Rouen, was a 12th-century Picard-French Benedictine prelate.
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Hugh the Chanter
Hugh Sottovagina (died c. 1140), often referred to as Hugh the Chanter or Hugh the Chantor, was a historian for York Minster during the 12th century and was probably an archdeacon during the time of his writing.
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Ivry-la-Bataille
Ivry-la-Bataille is a commune in the Eure Department in the Normandy region in northern France.
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John Le Patourel
John Herbert Le Patourel FBA (29 July 1909 – 22 July 1981) was a historian from Guernsey.
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John of Worcester
John of Worcester (died c. 1140) was an English monk and chronicler who worked at Worcester Priory.
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Judge
A judge is a person who presides over court proceedings, either alone or as a part of a panel of judges.
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Judith Green (historian)
Judith Green is an English medieval historian, who is Emeritus Professor of Medieval History at the University of Edinburgh.
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Judith of Brittany
Judith of Brittany, also called Judith of Rennes (982–1017), was Duchess of Normandy from until her death.
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Juliane de Fontevrault
Juliane (Juliana) de Fontevrault (1090 – after 1136), was a French noble, the illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England.
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Kingdom of France
The Kingdom of France (Royaume de France) was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Western Europe.
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L'Aigle
L'Aigle is a commune in the Orne department in Normandy in northwestern France.
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Lambeth Palace
Lambeth Palace is the official London residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury in England, in north Lambeth, on the south bank of the River Thames, 400 yards south-east of the Palace of Westminster, which houses the Houses of Parliament, on the opposite bank.
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Lamprey
Lampreys (sometimes also called, inaccurately, lamprey eels) are an ancient lineage of jawless fish of the order Petromyzontiformes, placed in the superclass Cyclostomata.
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Lanfranc
Lanfranc (1005 1010 – 24 May 1089) was a celebrated Italian jurist who renounced his career to become a Benedictine monk at Bec in Normandy. He served successively as prior of Bec Abbey and abbot of St Stephen in Normandy and then as archbishop of Canterbury in England, following its Conquest by William the Conqueror. He is also variously known as (Lanfranco di Pavia), (Lanfranc du Bec), and (Lanfrancus Cantuariensis).
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Latin
Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
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Leprosy
Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease (HD), is a long-term infection by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae or Mycobacterium lepromatosis.
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Levant
The Levant is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean.
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Liberal arts education
Liberal arts education (from Latin "free" and "art or principled practice") can claim to be the oldest programme of higher education in Western history.
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List of English monarchs
This list of kings and queens of the Kingdom of England begins with Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, one of the petty kingdoms to rule a portion of modern England.
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List of rulers of Brittany
This is a list of rulers of the Duchy of Brittany.
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Lords, counts and dukes of Perche
The county of Perche was a medieval county lying between Normandy and Maine.
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Louis VI of France
Louis VI (c.1081 – 1 August 1137), called the Fat (le Gros) or the Fighter (le Batailleur), was King of the Franks from 1108 until his death (1137).
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Lyons-la-Forêt
Lyons-la-Forêt is a commune in the Eure department in Haute Normandie in north-western France.
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Malcolm III of Scotland
Malcolm III (Gaelic: Máel Coluim mac Donnchada; c. 26 March 1031 – 13 November 1093) was King of Scots from 1058 to 1093.
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Marcher Lord
A Marcher Lord was a noble appointed by the King of England to guard the border (known as the Welsh Marches) between England and Wales.
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Maredudd ap Bleddyn
Maredudd ap Bleddyn (1047 – 9 February 1132) was a prince and later King of Powys in eastern Wales.
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Mark (currency)
The mark was a currency or unit of account in many nations.
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Matilda FitzRoy, Abbess of Montvilliers
Maud, Abbess of Montivilliers was a natural daughter of Henry I of England by an unknown mistress.
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Matilda FitzRoy, Countess of Perche
Matilda (died 25 November 1120), Countess of Perche, was among several members of the English royal family who died in the wreck of White Ship.
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Matilda FitzRoy, Duchess of Brittany
Maud or Matilda Fitzroy, was a duchess consort of Brittany by her marriage to Conan III, Duke of Brittany.
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Matilda of Anjou
Matilda of Anjou, also known as Mahaut (c. 1106 – 1154) was married in 1119 to William Adelin, son and heir of Henry I of England.
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Matilda of Boulogne
Matilda I of Boulogne (1105? – 3 May 1152) was Queen of England as the wife of King Stephen, whom she supported in his struggle for the English throne against their cousin Empress Matilda.
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Matilda of Flanders
Matilda of Flanders (Mathilde; Machteld) (1031 – 2 November 1083) was Queen of England and Duchess of Normandy by marriage to William the Conqueror, and sometime Regent of these realms during his absence.
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Matilda of Scotland
Matilda of Scotland (c. 1080 – 1 May 1118), originally christened Edith, was Queen of England as the first wife of King Henry I. She acted as regent of England in the absence of her spouse on several occasions.
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Matthew Paris
Matthew Paris, known as Matthew of Paris (Latin: Matthæus Parisiensis, "Matthew the Parisian"; c. 1200 – 1259), was a Benedictine monk, English chronicler, artist in illuminated manuscripts and cartographer, based at St Albans Abbey in Hertfordshire.
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Maurice (bishop of London)
Maurice (died 1107) was the third Lord Chancellor and Lord Keeper of England, as well as Bishop of London.
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Melee
Melee (or, French: mêlée) or pell-mell battle generally refers to disorganized close combat in battles fought at abnormally close range with little central control once it starts.
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Merlin
Merlin (Myrddin) is a legendary figure best known as the wizard featured in Arthurian legend and medieval Welsh poetry.
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Mont Saint-Michel
Mont-Saint-Michel (Norman: Mont Saint Miché) is an island commune in Normandy, France.
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Nest ferch Rhys
Nest ferch Rhys (c. 1085 – before 1136) (popularly called Nesta or "Princess Nesta") was the only legitimate daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwr, last king of Deheubarth in Wales, by his wife, Gwladys ferch Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn of Powys.
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Neuilly-la-Forêt
Neuilly-la-Forêt is a former commune in the department of Calvados in the Normandie region in northwestern France.
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New Forest
The New Forest is an area of southern England which includes one of the largest remaining tracts of unenclosed pasture land, heathland and forest in the heavily populated south-east of England.
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Norman conquest of England
The Norman conquest of England (in Britain, often called the Norman Conquest or the Conquest) was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army of Norman, Breton, Flemish and French soldiers led by Duke William II of Normandy, later styled William the Conqueror.
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Odo of Bayeux
Odo of Bayeux (died 1097), Earl of Kent and Bishop of Bayeux, was the half-brother of William the Conqueror, and was, for a time, second in power after the King of England.
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Ogive of Luxembourg
Ogive of Luxembourg (aka Ogiva or Otgiva) was a member of the House of Luxembourg and Countess of Flanders.
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Orderic Vitalis
Orderic Vitalis (Ordericus Vitalis; 1075 –) was an English chronicler and Benedictine monk who wrote one of the great contemporary chronicles of 11th- and 12th-century Normandy and Anglo-Norman England.
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Owain ap Cadwgan
Owain ap Cadwgan (died 1116) was a prince of Powys in eastern Wales.
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Pevensey
Pevensey is a village and civil parish in the Wealden district of East Sussex, England.
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Philip I of France
Philip I (23 May 1052 – 29 July 1108), called the Amorous, was King of the Franks from 1060 to his death.
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Philippa Langley
Philippa Jayne Langley, MBE (born 29 June 1962) is a Scottish screenwriter and historian who is best known for her contribution to the exhumation of Richard III in 2012.
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Pipe rolls
The Pipe rolls, sometimes called the Great rolls,Brown Governance pp.
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Pope Callixtus II
Pope Callixtus II or Callistus II (c. 1065 – 13 December 1124), born Guy of Burgundy, was pope of the western Christian church from 1 February 1119 to his death in 1124.
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Pope Urban II
Pope Urban II (Urbanus II; – 29 July 1099), born Odo of Châtillon or Otho de Lagery, was Pope from 12 March 1088 to his death in 1099.
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Porphyrogeniture
Porphyrogeniture, also sometimes referred to as born to the purple, is a system of political succession that favours the rights of sons born after their father has become king or emperor, over older siblings born before their father's ascent to the throne.
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Portsmouth
Portsmouth is a port city in Hampshire, England, mainly on Portsea Island, south-west of London and south-east of Southampton.
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Primogeniture
Primogeniture is the right, by law or custom, of the paternally acknowledged, firstborn son to inherit his parent's entire or main estate, in preference to daughters, elder illegitimate sons, younger sons and collateral relatives; in some cases the estate may instead be the inheritance of the firstborn child or occasionally the firstborn daughter.
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Priory
A priory is a monastery of men or women under religious vows that is headed by a prior or prioress.
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Proxy war
A proxy war is an armed conflict between two states or non-state actors which act on the instigation or on behalf of other parties that are not directly involved in the hostilities.
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R. W. Southern
Sir Richard William Southern, FBA (8 February 1912 in Newcastle-upon-Tyne – 6 February 2001 in Oxford), who published under the name R. W. Southern, was a noted English medieval historian, based at the University of Oxford.
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Ralph d'Escures
Ralph d'Escures (died 20 October 1122) was a medieval Abbot of Séez, Bishop of Rochester and then Archbishop of Canterbury.
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Ranulf Flambard
Ranulf Flambard (c. 1060 – 5 September 1128) was a medieval Norman Bishop of Durham and an influential government minister of King William Rufus of England.
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Reading Abbey
Reading Abbey is a large, ruined abbey in the centre of the town of Reading, in the English county of Berkshire.
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Reginald de Dunstanville, 1st Earl of Cornwall
Reginald de Dunstanville (c. 1110 – 1 July 1175) (alias Reginald FitzRoy, Rainald, etc., French: Renaud de Donstanville or de Dénestanville) was an Anglo-Norman nobleman and an illegitimate son of King Henry I (1100-1135).
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Reims
Reims (also spelled Rheims), a city in the Grand Est region of France, lies east-northeast of Paris.
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Richard d'Avranches, 2nd Earl of Chester
Richard d'Avranches, 2nd Earl of Chester (1094 – 25 November 1120) was the son of Hugh, 1st Earl of Chester and Ermentrude of Clermont.
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Richard de Redvers
Richard de Redvers (or Reviers, Rivers, or Latinised to de Ripariis ("from the river-banks")) (c. 1066 – 8 September 1107), 1st feudal baron of Plympton in Devon, was a Norman nobleman, from Reviers in Normandy, who may have been one of the companions of William the Conqueror during the Norman conquest of England from 1066.
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Richard I of Normandy
Richard I (28 August 932 – 20 November 996), also known as Richard the Fearless (French: Richard Sans-Peur; Old Norse: Jarl Richart), was the Count of Rouen or Jarl of Rouen from 942 to 996.
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Richard II, Duke of Normandy
Richard II (unknown – 28 August 1026), called the Good (French: Le Bon), was the eldest son and heir of Richard I the Fearless and Gunnora.
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Richard of Lincoln (illegitimate son of Henry I of England)
Richard of Lincoln (b. before 1101, d. 25 November 1120) was the illegitimate son of Henry I of England, born to Henry and a woman named Ansfride, widow of Aanskill (origins unknown).
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Richard, son of William the Conqueror
Richard of Normandy (c. 1054 to between 1069 and 1075) was the second son of William the Conqueror, King of England, and Matilda of Flanders.
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Ripon
Ripon is a cathedral city in the Borough of Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England.
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Robert Bloet
Robert Bloet (sometimes Robert Bloett;Knowles Monastic Order p. 132 died 1123) was Bishop of Lincoln 1093-1123 and Chancellor of England.
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Robert Curthose
Robert Curthose (3 February 1134), sometimes called Robert II or Robert III, was the Duke of Normandy from 1087 until 1106 and an unsuccessful claimant to the throne of the Kingdom of England.
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Robert FitzEdith, Lord Okehampton
Robert FitzEdith, Lord of Okehampton (1093–1172) was an illegitimate son of Henry I of England and Edith Forne, who was one of Henry's many mistresses.
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Robert Fitzhamon
Robert Fitzhamon (died March 1107), or Robert FitzHamon, Seigneur de Creully in the Calvados region and Torigny in the Manche region of Normandy, was the first Norman feudal baron of Gloucester and the Norman conqueror of Glamorgan, southern Wales.
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Robert I, Duke of Normandy
Robert the Magnificent (le Magnifique;He was also, although erroneously, said to have been called 'Robert the Devil' (le Diable). Robert I was never known by the nickname 'the devil' in his lifetime. 'Robert the Devil' was a fictional character who was confused with Robert I, Duke of Normandy sometime near the end of the Middle Ages. See: François Neveux, A Brief History of the Normans, trans. Howard Curtis (Constable & Robinson, Ltd. London, 2008), p. 97 & n. 5. 22 June 1000 – 1–3 July 1035), was the Duke of Normandy from 1027 until his death in 1035.
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Robert II of France
Robert II (27 March 972 – 20 July 1031), called the Pious (le Pieux) or the Wise (le Sage), was King of the Franks from 996 until his death.
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Robert of Bellême, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury
Robert de Bellême (– after 1130), seigneur de Bellême (or Belèsme), seigneur de Montgomery, viscount of the Hiémois, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury and Count of Ponthieu, was an Anglo-Norman nobleman, and one of the most prominent figures in the competition for the succession to England and Normandy between the sons of William the Conqueror.
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Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester
Robert FitzRoy, 1st Earl of Gloucester (before 1100 – 31 October 1147David Crouch, ‘Robert, first earl of Gloucester (b. before 1100, d. 1147)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006) (alias Robert Rufus, Robert de Caen, Robert Consul) was an illegitimate son of King Henry I of England.
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Roger of Salisbury
Roger of Salisbury (died 1139), also known as Roger le Poer, was a Norman medieval bishop of Salisbury and the seventh Lord Chancellor and Lord Keeper of England.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Bayeux
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Bayeux and Lisieux (Latin: Dioecesis Baiocensis et Lexoviensis; French: Diocèse de Bayeux et Lisieux) is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in France.
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Rotrou III, Count of Perche
Rotrou III (bef. 1080 – 1144), called the Great (le Grand), was the Count of Perche and Mortagne from 1099.
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Rouen
Rouen (Frankish: Rodomo; Rotomagus, Rothomagus) is a city on the River Seine in the north of France.
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Rougemontiers
Rougemontiers is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.
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Rozala of Italy
Rozala of Italy (also known as Rozala of Lombardy, Rozala of Ivrea or Susanna of Ivrea; –1003) was a Countess of Flanders and Queen consort of the Franks.
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Saint Osmund
Osmund (died 3 December 1099), Count of Sées, was a Norman noble and clergyman.
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Salisbury Cathedral
Salisbury Cathedral, formally known as the Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary, is an Anglican cathedral in Salisbury, England, and one of the leading examples of Early English architecture.
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Selby
Selby is a town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England.
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Shrewsbury Castle
Shrewsbury Castle is a red sandstone castle in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England.
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Sibyl of Falaise
Sibyl of Falaise (or Sibil de FalaiseKeats-Rohan Domesday Descendants p. 454) was an Anglo-Norman noblewoman and kinswoman of King Henry I of England.
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Sibylla of Anjou
Sibylla of Anjou (c. 1112–1165) was a countess consort of Flanders.
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Stephen, King of England
Stephen (Étienne; – 25 October 1154), often referred to as Stephen of Blois, was King of England from 1135 to his death, as well as Count of Boulogne from 1125 until 1147 and Duke of Normandy from 1135 until 1144.
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Style of the British sovereign
The precise style of British sovereigns has varied over the years.
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Suger
Suger (Sugerius; 1081 – 13 January 1151) was a French abbot, statesman, and historian.
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Suzerainty
Suzerainty (and) is a back-formation from the late 18th-century word suzerain, meaning upper-sovereign, derived from the French sus (meaning above) + -erain (from souverain, meaning sovereign).
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Sybilla of Normandy
Sybilla of Normandy (1092 – 12 or 13 July 1122) was Queen consort of Scotland, wife to Alexander I. Sybilla was the first child of Henry I of England and his mistress, Lady Sybilla Corbet of Alcester (b. 1077 in Alcester, Warwickshire, d. after 1157).
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Temporalities
Temporalities are the secular properties and possessions of the church.
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The Anarchy
The Anarchy was a civil war in England and Normandy between 1135 and 1153, which resulted in a widespread breakdown in law and order.
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Theobald II, Count of Champagne
Theobald the Great (French: Thibaut de Blois) (1090–1152) was Count of Blois and of Chartres as Theobald IV from 1102 and was Count of Champagne and of Brie as Theobald II from 1125.
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Thomas of Bayeux
Thomas of Bayeux (died 1100) was Archbishop of York from 1070 until 1100.
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Thurstan
Thurstan or Turstin of Bayeux (c. 1070 – 6 February 1140) was a medieval Archbishop of York, the son of a priest.
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Tickhill Castle
Tickhill Castle was a castle in Tickhill, on the Nottingham/Yorkshire West Riding border, England and a prominent stronghold during the reign of King John.
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Tinchebray
Tinchebray is a former commune in the Orne department in the Lower Normandy region in north-western France.
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Tironensian Order
The Tironensian Order or the Order of Tiron was a medieval monastic order named after the location of the mother abbey (Tiron Abbey, Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinité de Tiron, established in 1109) in the woods of Tiron (sometimes Thiron) in Perche, some 35 miles west of Chartres in France). They were popularly called "Grey Monks" because of their grey robes, which their spiritual cousins, the monks of Savigny, also wore.
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Tower of London
The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle located on the north bank of the River Thames in central London.
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Treaty of Alton
The Treaty of Alton was an agreement signed in 1101 between Henry I of England and his older brother Robert, Duke of Normandy in which Robert agreed to recognize Henry as king of England in exchange for a yearly stipend and other concessions.
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Urse d'Abetot
Urse d'Abetot (c. 1040 – 1108) was a Norman who followed King William I to England, and became Sheriff of Worcestershire and a royal official under him and Kings William II and Henry I. He was a native of Normandy and moved to England shortly after the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, and was appointed sheriff in about 1069.
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Vatteville
Vatteville is a commune in the Eure department in Normandy in northern France.
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Vexin
Vexin is a historical county of northwestern France.
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Victorian era
In the history of the United Kingdom, the Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's reign, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901.
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Waleran de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Worcester
Waleran de Beaumont, Count of Meulan, 1st Earl of Worcester (1104 – 9 April 1166, Preaux), was the son of Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester and Elizabeth de Vermandois, and the twin brother of Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester.
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Wales
Wales (Cymru) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain.
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Westminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, England, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster.
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White Ship
The White Ship (real name: la Blanche-Nef, Latin documents Candida navis) was a vessel that sank in the English Channel near the Normandy coast off Barfleur, on 25 November 1120.
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William Adelin
William Ætheling (5 August 1103 – 25 November 1120), commonly called Adelin, sometimes Adelinus, Adelingus, A(u)delin or other Latinised Norman-French variants of Ætheling, was the son of Henry I of England by his wife Matilda of Scotland, and was thus heir apparent to the throne.
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William Clito
William Clito (25 October 1102 – 28 July 1128) reigned as Count of Flanders and claimed the Duchy of Normandy.
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William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey
William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey (died 11 May 1138) was the son of William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey and his first wife Gundred.
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William Giffard
William Giffard (d. 23 January 1129,Franklin "Giffard, William" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography was the Lord Chancellor of England of William II and Henry I, from 1093 to 1101,Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 83 and Bishop of Winchester (1100–1129). Giffard was the son of Walter Giffard, Lord of Longueville and Ermengarde, daughter of Gerard Flaitel. He also held the office of Dean of Rouen prior to his election as bishop.Spear "Norman Empire" Journal of British Studies p. 7 On 3 August 1100 he became bishop of WinchesterFryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 276 by nomination of Henry I. Henry nominated him probably in an attempt to win the support of the clergy in Henry's bid to claim the throne directly after the death of William Rufus.Teunis "Coronation Charter of 1100" Journal of Medieval History p. 138 He was one of the bishops elect whom Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury refused to consecrate in 1101 as having been nominated and invested by the lay power. During the investitures dispute Giffard was on friendly terms with Anselm, and drew upon himself a sentence of banishment through declining to accept consecration from Gerard Archbishop of York in 1103. He was, however, one of the bishops who pressed Anselm, in 1106, to give way to the king. He was finally consecrated after the settlement of 1107 on 11 August and became a close friend of Archbishop Anselm. As bishop, William aided the first Cistercians to settle in England, when in 1128 he brought monks from L'Aumône Abbey in France to settle at Waverley Abbey.Burton Monastic and Religious Orders p. 69 He also restored Winchester Cathedral with great magnificence. Among Giffard's actions as bishop was the refounding of a religious house at Taunton and the staffing of it with Austin canons. The canons were drawn from Merton Priory.Burton Monastic and Religious Orders p. 47 He was known for the close and good relations that he had with the monks of his cathedral chapter, sharing their meals and sleeping with them instead of in his own room.Bethell "English Black Monks" English Historical Review p. 682 Giffard died shortly before 25 January 1129, the date he was buried. accessed on 2 November 2007.
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William I of Provence
William I (950 – after 29 August 993), called the Liberator, was Count of Provence from 968 to his abdication.
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William II of England
William II (Old Norman: Williame; – 2 August 1100), the third son of William the Conqueror, was King of England from 1087 until 1100, with powers over Normandy, and influence in Scotland.
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William III, Count of Ponthieu
William III of Ponthieu (– 1172) also called William (II; III) Talvas.
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William of Malmesbury
William of Malmesbury (Willelmus Malmesbiriensis) was the foremost English historian of the 12th century.
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William the Conqueror
William I (c. 1028Bates William the Conqueror p. 33 – 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first Norman King of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087.
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Winchester Castle
Winchester Castle is a medieval building in Hampshire, England.
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Windsor Castle
Windsor Castle is a royal residence at Windsor in the English county of Berkshire.
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Woodstock Palace
Woodstock Palace was a royal residence in the English town of Woodstock, Oxfordshire.
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Yorkshire
Yorkshire (abbreviated Yorks), formally known as the County of York, is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom.
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Redirects here:
Hen. 1, Henry 1, King of England, Henry Beauclerc, Henry Beauclerc of England, Henry I (England), Henry I (of England), Henry I Beauclerc, Henry I Beauclerc of England, Henry I, King of England, Henry I, King of the English, Henry I, king of England, Henry Lion of Justice, Henry the Good Scholar, King Henry I of England, Lion of Justice.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_I_of_England
