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263 relations: A Nong, Anouvong, Auguste Pavie, Australoid race, Austria-Hungary, Austroasiatic languages, Austronesian languages, Ayutthaya Kingdom, Âu Việt, École française d'Extrême-Orient, Đại Việt, Đèo Văn Trị, Ban Chiang, Bangkok, Battle of Dien Bien Phu, Bayinnaung, Black Flag Army, Bodindecha, Bolaven Plateau, British Empire, British people, British rule in Burma, Bru people, Buddhism, Burney Treaty, Cambodia, Casus belli, Champa, Champasak Province, Chams, Chanthaburi, Chao Phraya River, Charles de Gaulle, Chenla, Chi River, Chiang Mai, China, Chinese people, Chu (state), Chulalongkorn, Cochinchina, Communism, Constitutional monarchy, Corvée, Dali Kingdom, Dângrêk Mountains, Dvaravati, Emerald Buddha, Empire of Japan, Entente Cordiale, ..., Ernest Doudart de Lagrée, Ethnic groups in Europe, Europe, Fa Ngum, First Indochina War, France, Francis Garnier, Franco-Siamese War, Franco-Thai War, Free France, French colonial empire, French Indochina, French Indochina in World War II, French people, French Protectorate of Laos, French Union, Funan, Gautama Buddha, Germany, Goodwood, North West, Great Britain, Great Depression, Greater India, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guangzhou, Gunboat diplomacy, Han dynasty, Hanoi, Hariphunchai, Hlai languages, Hmong people, Ho Chi Minh trail, Hoabinhian, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens, Imperial Japanese Army, Indochina, International Agreement on the Neutrality of Laos, Internment, Iron Age, Isan, Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina, Jayavarman II, Journal of the Siam Society, Kalasin, Katang people, Katay Don Sasorith, Kaysone Phomvihane, Khmer Empire, Khmer people, Khmu people, Khon Kaen, Khong Island, Khorat Plateau, Khun Borom, Kingdom of Champasak, Kingdom of Laos, Kingdom of Luang Phrabang, Kingdom of Vientiane, Kong Le, Kra languages, Kra–Dai languages, Kublai Khan, Lamphun, Lan Na, Lan Xang, Lao Issara, Lao language, Lao Loum, Lao people, Lao rebellion (1826–28), Lao Sung, Lao Theung, Laos, Laotian Civil War, Lạc Việt, Lê Hi Tông, Library of Congress, Library of Congress Country Studies, Loanword, Lower Paleolithic, Luang Namtha, Luang Prabang, Mainland Southeast Asia, Malay Peninsula, Mandala (political model), Martin Stuart-Fox, Medang Kingdom, Megalith, Mekong, Minh Mạng, Mon people, Mongkut, Muang Sing, Mueang, Mun River, Myanmar, Nakhon Phanom, Nakhon Ratchasima, Nanning, Nanyue, Nanzhao, Napoleonic Wars, Neolithic, Nokasad, Nong Bua Lamphu, Nong Khai, Nong Zhigao, Northern Tai languages, Ong Keo, Opium, Oun Kham, Pa Chay Vue, Paknam incident, Pakse, Palladium (protective image), Paris Peace Accords, Pathet Lao, Phùng Nguyên culture, Phetchaburi, Phetsarath Ratanavongsa, Phongsali, Phongsaly Province, Photisarath, Phoumi Nosavan, Phra Bang, Phuan people, Plaek Phibunsongkhram, Plain of Jars, Prachinburi, Protectorate, Qing dynasty, Ram Khamhaeng, Rama I, Rama II of Siam, Rama III, Ratchaburi, Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932), Resident (title), Roi Et, Royal Lao Government, Salavan Province, Sambor Prei Kuk, Saraburi, Sarcophagus, Savannakhet, Savannakhet Province, Scorched earth, Serfdom, Setthathirath, Shan States, Siamese–Vietnamese War (1831–34), Siamese–Vietnamese War (1841–45), Sino-Tibetan languages, Sip Song Chau Tai, Sisaket (town), Sisavang Vong, Sourigna Vongsa, Southeast Asia, Southward expansion of the Han dynasty, Southwestern Tai languages, Souvanna Phouma, Sovereignty, Sri Lanka, Steung Treng Province, Stung Treng, Stupa, Sukhothai Kingdom, Suzerainty, Tai Lue language, Tai peoples, Taiping Rebellion, Taksin, Tam Pa Ling Cave, Tang dynasty, Thai language, Thai people, Thailand, Thakhek, Thakhek District, The Black Book of Communism, Theravada, Thonburi Kingdom, Tonkin, Toungoo dynasty, Ubon Ratchathani, United Nations, United States Government Publishing Office, Vassal, Vat Phou, Việt Minh, Vichy France, Vientiane, Vietnam, Vietnam War, Vietnamese people, Visoun, War of the Insane, White elephant (animal), World Heritage site, World War I, World War II, Xe Bang Fai River, Xiangkhoang Plateau, Xiangkhouang Province, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yao people, Yasothon, Yue (state), Yunnan, Zhejiang, Zhou dynasty. Expand index (213 more) »
A Nong
A Nong (also A Nùng, 阿儂; 1005–1055) was a Zhuang shamaness, matriarch and warrior.
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Anouvong
Chao Anouvong (ເຈົ້າອານຸວົງສ໌; เจ้าอนุวงศ์), or regnal name Xaiya Setthathirath V (ໄຊຍະເສດຖາທິຣາຊທີ່ຫ້າ; ไชยเชษฐาธิราชที่ห้า), (1767 – 1829), led the Lao rebellion (1826–28) as the last monarch of the Kingdom of Vientiane.
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Auguste Pavie
Auguste Jean-Marie Pavie (31 May 1847 – 7 May 1925) was a French colonial civil servant, explorer and diplomat who was instrumental in establishing French control over Laos in the last two decades of the 19th century.
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Australoid race
Australoid (also Australasian, Australo-Melanesian, Veddoid,Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Paolo Menozzi, Alberto Piazza, The History and Geography of Human Genes (1994),. R. P. Pathak, Education in the Emerging India (2007),.) is a broad racial classification introduced by Thomas Huxley in 1870 to refer to certain peoples indigenous to South and Southeast Asia and Oceania.
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Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy in English-language sources, was a constitutional union of the Austrian Empire (the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council, or Cisleithania) and the Kingdom of Hungary (Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen or Transleithania) that existed from 1867 to 1918, when it collapsed as a result of defeat in World War I. The union was a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and came into existence on 30 March 1867.
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Austroasiatic languages
The Austroasiatic languages, formerly known as Mon–Khmer, are a large language family of Mainland Southeast Asia, also scattered throughout India, Bangladesh, Nepal and the southern border of China, with around 117 million speakers.
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Austronesian languages
The Austronesian languages are a language family that is widely dispersed throughout Maritime Southeast Asia, Madagascar and the islands of the Pacific Ocean, with a few members in continental Asia.
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Ayutthaya Kingdom
The Ayutthaya Kingdom (อยุธยา,; also spelled Ayudhya or Ayodhaya) was a Siamese kingdom that existed from 1351 to 1767.
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Âu Việt
The Âu Việt or Ouyue were an ancient conglomeration of Baiyue tribes living in what is today the mountainous regions of northernmost Vietnam, western Guangdong, and northern Guangxi, China, since at least the third century BCE.
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École française d'Extrême-Orient
The École française d'Extrême-Orient (French School of the Far East), abbreviated EFEO, is an associated college of PSL University dedicated to the study of Asian societies.
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Đại Việt
Đại Việt (literally Great Viet) is the name of Vietnam for the periods from 1054 to 1400 and 1428 to 1804.
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Đèo Văn Trị
Đèo Văn Trị (1849 – 1908 in Lai Châu) also known as Cam Oum in Lao, was the White Tai leader at Muang Lay in the Sip Song Chau Tai or Federation of the Twelve Tai states, of the Tai Dam people.
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Ban Chiang
Ban Chiang (บ้านเชียง) is an archeological site in Nong Han District, Udon Thani Province, Thailand.
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Bangkok
Bangkok is the capital and most populous city of the Kingdom of Thailand.
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Battle of Dien Bien Phu
The Battle of Dien Bien Phu (Bataille de Diên Biên Phu; Chiến dịch Điện Biên Phủ) was the climactic confrontation of the First Indochina War between the French Union's French Far East Expeditionary Corps and Viet Minh communist-nationalist revolutionaries.
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Bayinnaung
Bayinnaung Kyawhtin Nawrahta (ဘုရင့်နောင် ကျော်ထင်နော်ရထာ; บุเรงนองกะยอดินนรธา,; 16 January 1516 – 10 October 1581) was king of the Toungoo Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1550 to 1581.
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Black Flag Army
The Black Flag Army was a splinter remnant of a bandit group recruited largely from soldiers of ethnic Zhuang background, who crossed the border in 1865 from Guangxi, China into Upper Tonkin, then part of the Empire of Annam (Central Vietnam).
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Bodindecha
Chao Phraya Bodindecha (เจ้าพระยาบดินทรเดชา, personal name Sing Sinhaseni, สิงห์ สิงหเสนี 1777–1849) was one of the most prominent political and military figures of the early Bangkok Rattanakosin Kingdom.
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Bolaven Plateau
The Bolaven Plateau is an elevated region in southern Laos.
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British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.
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British people
The British people, or the Britons, are the citizens of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the British Overseas Territories, and the Crown dependencies.
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British rule in Burma
British rule in Burma, also known as British Burma, lasted from 1824 to 1948, from the Anglo-Burmese wars through the creation of Burma as a Province of British India to the establishment of an independently administered colony, and finally independence.
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Bru people
The Bru (also Brao, Bruu, Brou, or Bru-Vân Kiều; Người Bru - Vân Kiều; Thai: บรู) (which literally means "people living in the woods") are an ethnic group living in Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam.
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Buddhism
Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.
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Burney Treaty
The treaty between Kingdom of Siam and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland commonly known as the Burney Treaty was signed at Bangkok on 20 June 1826 by Henry Burney, an agent of British East India Company, for the United Kingdom and King Rama III for Siam.
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Cambodia
Cambodia (កម្ពុជា, or Kampuchea:, Cambodge), officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia (ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា, prĕəh riəciənaacak kampuciə,; Royaume du Cambodge), is a sovereign state located in the southern portion of the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia.
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Casus belli
Casus belli is a Latin expression meaning "an act or event that provokes or is used to justify war" (literally, "a case of war").
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Champa
Champa (Chăm Pa) was a collection of independent Cham polities that extended across the coast of what is today central and southern Vietnam from approximately the 2nd century AD before being absorbed and annexed by Vietnamese Emperor Minh Mạng in AD 1832.
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Champasak Province
Champasak (or Champassak, Champasack – Lao: ຈຳປາສັກ) is a province in southwestern Laos, near the borders with Thailand and Cambodia.
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Chams
The Chams, or Cham people (Cham: Urang Campa, người Chăm or người Chàm, ជនជាតិចាម), are an ethnic group of Austronesian origin in Southeast Asia.
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Chanthaburi
Chanthaburi (จันทบุรี) is a town (thesaban mueang) in the east of Thailand, on the banks of the Chanthaburi River.
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Chao Phraya River
The Chao Phraya (แม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา, or) is the major river in Thailand, with its low alluvial plain forming the centre of the country.
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Charles de Gaulle
Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French general and statesman who led the French Resistance against Nazi Germany in World War II and chaired the Provisional Government of the French Republic from 1944 to 1946 in order to reestablish democracy in France.
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Chenla
Chenla or Zhenla (ចេនឡា; Chân Lạp) is the Chinese designation for the successor polity of the Kingdom of Funan preceding the Khmer Empire that existed from around the late sixth to the early ninth century in Indochina.
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Chi River
The Chi River is the longest river flowing wholly within Thailand.
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Chiang Mai
Chiang Mai (from เชียงใหม่, ᨩ᩠ᨿᨦ ᩲᩉ᩠ᨾ᩵) sometimes written as "Chiengmai" or "Chiangmai", is the largest city in northern Thailand.
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China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.
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Chinese people
Chinese people are the various individuals or ethnic groups associated with China, usually through ancestry, ethnicity, nationality, citizenship or other affiliation.
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Chu (state)
Chu (Old Chinese: *s-r̥aʔ) was a hegemonic, Zhou dynasty era state.
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Chulalongkorn
Phra Bat Somdet Phra Poraminthra Maha Chulalongkorn Phra Chunla Chom Klao Chao Yu Hua (พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมินทรมหาจุฬาลงกรณ์ พระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว), or Rama V (20 September 1853 – 23 October 1910), was the fifth monarch of Siam under the House of Chakri.
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Cochinchina
Cochinchina (Nam Kỳ; ''Kausangsin''.; Cochinchine) is a region encompassing the southern third of current Vietnam whose principal city is Saigon or Prey Nokor in Khmer.
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Communism
In political and social sciences, communism (from Latin communis, "common, universal") is the philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money and the state.
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Constitutional monarchy
A constitutional monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the sovereign exercises authority in accordance with a written or unwritten constitution.
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Corvée
Corvée is a form of unpaid, unfree labour, which is intermittent in nature and which lasts limited periods of time: typically only a certain number of days' work each year.
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Dali Kingdom
The Dali Kingdom, also known as the Dali State (Bai: Dablit Guaif), was a kingdom situated in modern Yunnan province, China from 937 until 1253 when it was conquered by the Mongols.
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Dângrêk Mountains
The Dângrêk Range (Khmer: ជួរភ្នំដងរែក, Chuor Phnom Dângrêk; ทิวเขาพนมดงรัก,,; Lao: Sayphou Damlek), meaning "Carrying-Pole Mountains" in Khmer, is a mountain range forming a natural border between Cambodia and Thailand.
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Dvaravati
The Dvaravati (ทวารวดี); (ទ្វារវត្តី - Tvearvottey) period lasted from around the 6th to the 11th century.
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Emerald Buddha
The Emerald Buddha (พระแก้วมรกต, or พระพุทธมหามณีรัตนปฏิมากร) is considered the palladium of the Kingdom of Thailand.
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Empire of Japan
The was the historical nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 to the enactment of the 1947 constitution of modern Japan.
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Entente Cordiale
The Entente Cordiale was a series of agreements signed on 8 April 1904 between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the French Republic which saw a significant improvement in Anglo-French relations.
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Ernest Doudart de Lagrée
Ernest Marc Louis de Gonzague Doudart de Lagrée (March 31, 1823 – March 12, 1868) was the leader of the French Mekong Expedition of 1866-1868.
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Ethnic groups in Europe
The Indigenous peoples of Europe are the focus of European ethnology, the field of anthropology related to the various indigenous groups that reside in the nations of Europe.
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Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
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Fa Ngum
Somdetch Brhat-Anya Fa Ladhuraniya Sri Sadhana Kanayudha Maharaja Brhat Rajadharana Sri Chudhana Negara ລາວ: ສົມເດັດ ພຣະບາດ ອັນຍາ ຟ້າ ລັດທຸຣັນຍາ ສຣີ ສັດຕະນາ ຄະນະຍຸດທາ ມະຫາຣາຊ໌ ພຣະບາດ ຣາຊະທໍຣະນາ ສຣີ ສັດຕະນະ ນະຄອນ, better known as Fa Ngum (Laotian: ຟ້າງູ່ມ; 1316 – 1393, born in Muang Sua, died in Nan), established the Lao kingdom of Lan Xang in 1354.
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First Indochina War
The First Indochina War (generally known as the Indochina War in France, and as the Anti-French Resistance War in Vietnam) began in French Indochina on 19 December 1946, and lasted until 20 July 1954.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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Francis Garnier
Marie Joseph François Garnier (Ngạc Nhi; 25 July 1839 – 21 December 1873) was a French officer, inspector of Indigenous Affairs of Cochinchina and explorer.
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Franco-Siamese War
The Franco-Siamese War of 1893 was a conflict between the French Third Republic and the Kingdom of Siam.
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Franco-Thai War
The Franco-Thai War (กรณีพิพาทอินโดจีน Guerre franco-thaïlandaise) (1940–1941) was fought between Thailand (Siam) and France over certain areas of French Indochina.
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Free France
Free France and its Free French Forces (French: France Libre and Forces françaises libres) were the government-in-exile led by Charles de Gaulle during the Second World War and its military forces, that continued to fight against the Axis powers as one of the Allies after the fall of France.
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French colonial empire
The French colonial empire constituted the overseas colonies, protectorates and mandate territories that came under French rule from the 16th century onward.
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French Indochina
French Indochina (previously spelled as French Indo-China) (French: Indochine française; Lao: ສະຫະພັນອິນດູຈີນ; Khmer: សហភាពឥណ្ឌូចិន; Vietnamese: Đông Dương thuộc Pháp/東洋屬法,, frequently abbreviated to Đông Pháp; Chinese: 法属印度支那), officially known as the Indochinese Union (French: Union indochinoise) after 1887 and the Indochinese Federation (French: Fédération indochinoise) after 1947, was a grouping of French colonial territories in Southeast Asia.
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French Indochina in World War II
In 1940, France was swiftly defeated by Nazi Germany, and colonial administration of French Indochina (modern-day Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia) passed to the pro-German Vichy French government.
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French people
The French (Français) are a Latin European ethnic group and nation who are identified with the country of France.
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French Protectorate of Laos
The French protectorate of Laos was a French protectorate forming part of the French Colonial Empire in Southeast Asia.
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French Union
The French Union was a political entity created by the French Fourth Republic to replace the old French colonial system, colloquially known as the "French Empire" (Empire Français).
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Funan
Funan, (ហ្វូណន - Fonon), (Phù Nam) or Nokor Phnom (នគរភ្នំ) was the name given by Chinese cartographers, geographers and writers to an ancient Indianised state—or, rather a loose network of states (Mandala)—located in mainland Southeast Asia centered on the Mekong Delta that existed from the first to sixth century CE.
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Gautama Buddha
Gautama Buddha (c. 563/480 – c. 483/400 BCE), also known as Siddhārtha Gautama, Shakyamuni Buddha, or simply the Buddha, after the title of Buddha, was an ascetic (śramaṇa) and sage, on whose teachings Buddhism was founded.
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Germany
Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.
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Goodwood, North West
Goodwood is a town in Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality in the North West province of South Africa.
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Great Britain
Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe.
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Great Depression
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States.
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Greater India
The term Greater India is most commonly used to encompass the historical and geographic extent of all political entities of the Indian subcontinent, and the regions which are culturally linked to India or received significant Indian cultural influence.
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Guangdong
Guangdong is a province in South China, located on the South China Sea coast.
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Guangxi
Guangxi (pronounced; Zhuang: Gvangjsih), officially the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, is a Chinese autonomous region in South Central China, bordering Vietnam.
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Guangzhou
Guangzhou, also known as Canton, is the capital and most populous city of the province of Guangdong.
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Gunboat diplomacy
In international politics, gunboat diplomacy (or "Big Stick ideology" in U.S. history) refers to the pursuit of foreign policy objectives with the aid of conspicuous displays of naval powerimplying or constituting a direct threat of warfare, should terms not be agreeable to the superior force.
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Han dynasty
The Han dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China (206 BC–220 AD), preceded by the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD). Spanning over four centuries, the Han period is considered a golden age in Chinese history. To this day, China's majority ethnic group refers to themselves as the "Han Chinese" and the Chinese script is referred to as "Han characters". It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han, and briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) of the former regent Wang Mang. This interregnum separates the Han dynasty into two periods: the Western Han or Former Han (206 BC–9 AD) and the Eastern Han or Later Han (25–220 AD). The emperor was at the pinnacle of Han society. He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class. The Han Empire was divided into areas directly controlled by the central government using an innovation inherited from the Qin known as commanderies, and a number of semi-autonomous kingdoms. These kingdoms gradually lost all vestiges of their independence, particularly following the Rebellion of the Seven States. From the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 141–87 BC) onward, the Chinese court officially sponsored Confucianism in education and court politics, synthesized with the cosmology of later scholars such as Dong Zhongshu. This policy endured until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911 AD. The Han dynasty saw an age of economic prosperity and witnessed a significant growth of the money economy first established during the Zhou dynasty (c. 1050–256 BC). The coinage issued by the central government mint in 119 BC remained the standard coinage of China until the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD). The period saw a number of limited institutional innovations. To finance its military campaigns and the settlement of newly conquered frontier territories, the Han government nationalized the private salt and iron industries in 117 BC, but these government monopolies were repealed during the Eastern Han dynasty. Science and technology during the Han period saw significant advances, including the process of papermaking, the nautical steering ship rudder, the use of negative numbers in mathematics, the raised-relief map, the hydraulic-powered armillary sphere for astronomy, and a seismometer for measuring earthquakes employing an inverted pendulum. The Xiongnu, a nomadic steppe confederation, defeated the Han in 200 BC and forced the Han to submit as a de facto inferior partner, but continued their raids on the Han borders. Emperor Wu launched several military campaigns against them. The ultimate Han victory in these wars eventually forced the Xiongnu to accept vassal status as Han tributaries. These campaigns expanded Han sovereignty into the Tarim Basin of Central Asia, divided the Xiongnu into two separate confederations, and helped establish the vast trade network known as the Silk Road, which reached as far as the Mediterranean world. The territories north of Han's borders were quickly overrun by the nomadic Xianbei confederation. Emperor Wu also launched successful military expeditions in the south, annexing Nanyue in 111 BC and Dian in 109 BC, and in the Korean Peninsula where the Xuantu and Lelang Commanderies were established in 108 BC. After 92 AD, the palace eunuchs increasingly involved themselves in court politics, engaging in violent power struggles between the various consort clans of the empresses and empresses dowager, causing the Han's ultimate downfall. Imperial authority was also seriously challenged by large Daoist religious societies which instigated the Yellow Turban Rebellion and the Five Pecks of Rice Rebellion. Following the death of Emperor Ling (r. 168–189 AD), the palace eunuchs suffered wholesale massacre by military officers, allowing members of the aristocracy and military governors to become warlords and divide the empire. When Cao Pi, King of Wei, usurped the throne from Emperor Xian, the Han dynasty would eventually collapse and ceased to exist.
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Hanoi
Hanoi (or; Hà Nội)) is the capital of Vietnam and the country's second largest city by population. The population in 2015 was estimated at 7.7 million people. The city lies on the right bank of the Red River. Hanoi is north of Ho Chi Minh City and west of Hai Phong city. From 1010 until 1802, it was the most important political centre of Vietnam. It was eclipsed by Huế, the imperial capital of Vietnam during the Nguyễn Dynasty (1802–1945). In 1873 Hanoi was conquered by the French. From 1883 to 1945, the city was the administrative center of the colony of French Indochina. The French built a modern administrative city south of Old Hanoi, creating broad, perpendicular tree-lined avenues of opera, churches, public buildings, and luxury villas, but they also destroyed large parts of the city, shedding or reducing the size of lakes and canals, while also clearing out various imperial palaces and citadels. From 1940 to 1945 Hanoi, as well as the largest part of French Indochina and Southeast Asia, was occupied by the Japanese. On September 2, 1945, Ho Chi Minh proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). The Vietnamese National Assembly under Ho Chi Minh decided on January 6, 1946, to make Hanoi the capital of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. From 1954 to 1976, it was the capital of North Vietnam, and it became the capital of a reunified Vietnam in 1976, after the North's victory in the Vietnam War. October 2010 officially marked 1,000 years since the establishment of the city. The Hanoi Ceramic Mosaic Mural is a ceramic mosaic mural created to mark the occasion.
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Hariphunchai
Hariphunchai or Haribhunjaya (from หริภุญชัย, ហរិបុញ្ជ័យ Hariponhchey, in turn from Haribhuñjaya) was a Mon kingdom in the north of present Thailand in the centuries before the Thais moved into the area.
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Hlai languages
The Hlai languages are a primary branch of the Kra–Dai language family spoken in the mountains of central and south-central Hainan in China, not to be confused with the colloquial name for the Leizhou branch of Min Chinese.
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Hmong people
The Hmong/Mong (RPA: Hmoob/Moob) are an indigenous people in Asia.
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Ho Chi Minh trail
The Hồ Chí Minh trail (also known in Vietnam as the "Trường Sơn trail") was a logistical system that ran from the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) to the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) through the kingdoms of Laos and Cambodia.
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Hoabinhian
The term Hòa Bình culture (Văn hóa Hòa Bình, in French culture de Hoà Bình) was first used by French archaeologists working in Northern Vietnam to describe Holocene period archaeological assemblages excavated from rock shelters.
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Homo erectus
Homo erectus (meaning "upright man") is an extinct species of archaic humans that lived throughout most of the Pleistocene geological epoch.
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Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens is the systematic name used in taxonomy (also known as binomial nomenclature) for the only extant human species.
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Imperial Japanese Army
The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA; Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun; "Army of the Greater Japanese Empire") was the official ground-based armed force of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945.
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Indochina
Indochina, originally Indo-China, is a geographical term originating in the early nineteenth century and referring to the continental portion of the region now known as Southeast Asia.
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International Agreement on the Neutrality of Laos
The International Agreement on the Neutrality of Laos is an international agreement signed in Geneva on July 23, 1962 between 14 states including Laos.
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Internment
Internment is the imprisonment of people, commonly in large groups, without charges or intent to file charges, and thus no trial.
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Iron Age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age system, preceded by the Stone Age (Neolithic) and the Bronze Age.
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Isan
Isan (Isan/อีสาน,; also written as Isaan, Isarn, Issarn, Issan, Esan, or Esarn; from Pali ऐशान aiśāna or Sanskrit ऐशान aiśāna "northeast") consists of 20 provinces in the northeastern region of Thailand.
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Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina
The Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina, known as Meigo Sakusen (Operation Bright Moon), was a Japanese operation that took place on 9 March 1945 towards the end of World War II.
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Jayavarman II
Jayavarman II (ជ័យវរ្ម័នទី២) (c. 770–835) was a 9th-century king of Cambodia, widely recognized as the founder of the Khmer Empire, the dominant civilisation on the Southeast Asian mainland until the mid 15th century.
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Journal of the Siam Society
The Journal of the Siam Society is an academic journal on Thai studies published in English by the Siam Society.
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Kalasin
Kalasin (กาฬสินธุ์) is a town (thesaban mueang) in northeast Thailand, the capital of Kalasin Province.
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Katang people
The Katang (Kataang) are an ethnic group predominantly living in Laos.
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Katay Don Sasorith
Katay Don Sasorith (July 12, 1904 – December 29, 1959) was a Laos nationalist, politician, author, and the 8th Prime Minister of Laos (October 25, 1954–March 21, 1956).
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Kaysone Phomvihane
Kaysone Phomvihane (ໄກສອນ ພົມວິຫານ) (13 December 1920 – 21 November 1992) was the leader of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party from 1955 until his death in 1992.
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Khmer Empire
The Khmer Empire (Khmer: ចក្រភពខ្មែរ: Chakrphup Khmer or អាណាចក្រខ្មែរ: Anachak Khmer), officially the Angkor Empire (Khmer: អាណាចក្រអង្គរ: Anachak Angkor), the predecessor state to modern Cambodia ("Kampuchea" or "Srok Khmer" to the Khmer people), was a powerful Hindu-Buddhist empire in Southeast Asia.
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Khmer people
Khmer people (ខ្មែរ,, Northern Khmer pronunciation) are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to Cambodia, accounting for 97.6% of the country's 15.9 million people.
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Khmu people
The Khmu (Khmu:; ຂະມຸ; ขมุ; Khơ Mú;; ခမူ) are an ethnic group of Southeast Asia.
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Khon Kaen
Khon Kaen (ขอนแก่น) is one of the four major cities of Isan, Thailand, also known as the "big four of Isan", the others being Udon Thani, Nakhon Ratchasima, and Ubon Ratchathani.
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Khong Island
Khong Island or Don Khong is the largest island and the seat of administration in the Si Phan Don riverine archipelago located in the Mekong River, Khong District, Champasak Province, southern Laos.
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Khorat Plateau
The Khorat Plateau (ที่ราบสูงโคราช) is a plateau in the northeastern Isan region of Thailand.
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Khun Borom
Khun Borom (ขุนบรม) or Khoun Bourôm (ຂຸນບູຣົມ) is a legendary progenitor of the Tai-speaking peoples, considered by the Lao to be the father of their race.
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Kingdom of Champasak
The Kingdom of Champasak (Lao: ຈຳປາສັກ) or Bassac, (1713–1946) was a Lao kingdom under Nokasad, a grandson of King Sourigna Vongsa, the last king of Lan Xang; and son-in-law of the Cambodian King Chey Chettha IV.
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Kingdom of Laos
The Kingdom of Laos was a constitutional monarchy that ruled Laos beginning with its independence on 9 November 1953.
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Kingdom of Luang Phrabang
The Kingdom of Luang Phrabang was formed in 1707 as a result of the split of the Kingdom of Lan Xang.
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Kingdom of Vientiane
Kingdom of Vientiane was formed in 1707 as a result of the split of the Kingdom of Lan Xang.
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Kong Le
Captain (later Major General) Kong Le (6 March 1934 – 17 January 2014) was a paratrooper in the Royal Lao Army.
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Kra languages
The Kra languages (Chinese: Gēyāng, 仡央, short for '''Ge'''lao–Bu'''yang''') are a branch of the Kra–Dai language family spoken in southern China (Yunnan, Guangxi, Hainan) and in northern Vietnam.
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Kra–Dai languages
The Kra–Dai languages (also known as Tai–Kadai, Daic and Kadai) are a language family of tonal languages found in southern China, Northeast India and Southeast Asia.
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Kublai Khan
Kublai (Хубилай, Hubilai; Simplified Chinese: 忽必烈) was the fifth Khagan (Great Khan) of the Mongol Empire (Ikh Mongol Uls), reigning from 1260 to 1294 (although due to the division of the empire this was a nominal position).
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Lamphun
Lamphun (ลำพูน) is a town (thesaban mueang) in northern Thailand, capital of Lamphun Province.
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Lan Na
The Lan Na or Lanna Kingdom (95px,, "Kingdom of a Million Rice Fields"; อาณาจักรล้านนา,,; ອານາຈັກລ້ານນາ, ဇင္းမယ္ျပည္, or), also known as Lannathai, was an Indianized state centered in present-day Northern Thailand from the 13th to 18th centuries.
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Lan Xang
The Lao Kingdom of Lan Xang Hom Khao (ຮົ່ມຂາວ;; "Million Elephants and White Parasols") existed as a unified kingdom from 1354 to 1707.
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Lao Issara
The Lao Issara (“Free Laos”) was an anti-French, non-communist nationalist movement formed on October 12, 1945 by Prince Phetsarath.
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Lao language
Lao, sometimes referred to as Laotian (ລາວ 'Lao' or ພາສາລາວ 'Lao language') is a tonal language of the Kra–Dai language family.
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Lao Loum
The Lao Loum (ລາວລຸ່ມ; ลาวลุ่ม) is an official Lao People's Democratic Republic designation for lowland dwelling Tai peoples, including the majority Lao people.
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Lao people
The Lao are a Tai ethnic group native to Southeast Asia, who speak the eponymous language of the Tai–Kadai group.
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Lao rebellion (1826–28)
The Lao rebellion (also known as Anouvong's Rebellion) was an attempt by King Anouvong (Xaiya Sethathirath V) of the Kingdom of Vientiane to end the suzerainty of Siam and recreate the former kingdom of Lan Xang.
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Lao Sung
Lao Sung or more commonly Lao Soung (Laotian: ລາວສູງ) is an official Laotian designation for highland dwelling peoples in Laos (the others being the Lao Loum and the Lao Theung).
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Lao Theung
The Lao Theung or Lao Thoeng (Lao: ລາວເທິງ) is one of the traditional divisions of ethnic groups living in Laos (the others being the Lao Loum and the Lao Soung).
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Laos
Laos (ລາວ,, Lāo; Laos), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ, Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao; République démocratique populaire lao), commonly referred to by its colloquial name of Muang Lao (Lao: ເມືອງລາວ, Muang Lao), is a landlocked country in the heart of the Indochinese peninsula of Mainland Southeast Asia, bordered by Myanmar (Burma) and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southwest and Thailand to the west and southwest.
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Laotian Civil War
The Laotian Civil War (1959–75) was fought between the Communist Pathet Lao (including many North Vietnamese of Lao ancestry) and the Royal Lao Government, with both sides receiving heavy external support in a proxy war between the global Cold War superpowers.
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Lạc Việt
The Lạc Việt (pinyin: Luòyuè) were an ancient conglomeration of Yue tribes that inhabited what is today Guangxi in Southern China and the lowland plains of Northern Vietnam, particularly the marshy, agriculturally rich area of the Red River Delta.
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Lê Hi Tông
Lê Hi Tông (1663 - 1716) was the Annamese tenth emperor of Revival Lê dynasty.
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Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the de facto national library of the United States.
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Library of Congress Country Studies
The Country Studies are works published by the Federal Research Division of the United States Library of Congress, freely available for use by researchers.
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Loanword
A loanword (also loan word or loan-word) is a word adopted from one language (the donor language) and incorporated into another language without translation.
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Lower Paleolithic
The Lower Paleolithic (or Lower Palaeolithic) is the earliest subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age.
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Luang Namtha
Louang Namtha, M. Luang Nam Tha (Lao: ມ. ຫລວງນໍ້າທາ) is the capital of Luang Namtha Province in northern Laos.
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Luang Prabang
Louangphabang, (Lao: ຫລວງພະບາງ) or Luang Phabang (pronounced), commonly transliterated into Western languages from the pre-1975 Lao spelling ຫຼວງພຣະບາງ (ຣ.
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Mainland Southeast Asia
Mainland Southeast Asia, also known as the Indochinese Peninsula and previously as Indochina, is the continental portion of Southeast Asia east of India and south of China that is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east.
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Malay Peninsula
The Malay Peninsula (Tanah Melayu, تانه ملايو; คาบสมุทรมลายู,, မလေး ကျွန်းဆွယ်, 马来半岛 / 馬來半島) is a peninsula in Southeast Asia.
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Mandala (political model)
Maṇḍala is a Sanskrit word that means "circle".
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Martin Stuart-Fox
Martin Stuart-Fox (born 1939) is a retired Australian professor and journalist who writes about the history of Southeast Asia, primarily Laos.
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Medang Kingdom
The Medang Empire or Mataram Kingdom was a Javanese Hindu–Buddhist kingdom that flourished between the 8th and 11th centuries.
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Megalith
A megalith is a large stone that has been used to construct a structure or monument, either alone or together with other stones.
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Mekong
The Mekong is a trans-boundary river in Southeast Asia.
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Minh Mạng
Minh Mạng (25 May 1791 – 20 January 1841; born Nguyễn Phúc Đảm (chữ Hán: 阮福膽), also known as Nguyễn Phúc Kiểu) was the second emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty of Vietnam, reigning from 14 February 1820 until his death, on 20 January 1841.
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Mon people
The Mon (မောန် or မည်; မွန်လူမျိုး,; មន, มอญ) are an ethnic group from Myanmar living mostly in Mon State, Bago Region, the Irrawaddy Delta and along the southern border of Thailand and Myanmar.
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Mongkut
Phra Bat Somdet Phra Poramenthra Maha Mongkut Phra Chom Klao Chao Yu Hua (พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรมหามงกุฎ พระจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว), or Rama IV, known in English-speaking countries as King Mongkut (18 October 18041 October 1868), was the fourth monarch of Siam (Thailand) under the House of Chakri, ruling from 1851 to 1868.
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Muang Sing
Muang Sing or Mueang Sing (Lao: ເມືອງສີງ) is a small town and district (muang) in Luang Namtha Province, northwestern Laos, about 60 kilometres northwest of the town of Luang Namtha and 360 kilometres northwest of Vientiane.
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Mueang
Mueang (เมือง mɯ̄ang), Muang (ເມືອງ mɯ́ang), Mường or Mong (မိူင်း mə́ŋ) were pre-modern semi-independent city-states or principalities in Indochina, adjacent regions of Northeast India and Southern China, including what is now Thailand, Laos, Burma, Cambodia, parts of northern Vietnam, southern Yunnan, western Guangxi and Assam.
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Mun River
The Mun River (แม่น้ำมูล), sometimes spelled Moon River, is a tributary of the Mekong River.
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Myanmar
Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia.
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Nakhon Phanom
Nakhon Phanom (นครพนม) is a town (thesaban mueang) in north-eastern Thailand, capital of Nakhon Phanom Province.
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Nakhon Ratchasima
Nakhon Ratchasima (นครราชสีมา) is one of the four major cities of Isan, Thailand, known as the "big four of Isan".
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Nanning
Nanning (Zhuang: Namzningz) is the capital of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southern China.
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Nanyue
Nanyue or, or Nam Viet (Nam Việt) was an ancient kingdom that covered parts of northern Vietnam and the modern Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, and Yunnan.
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Nanzhao
Nanzhao, also spelled Nanchao or Nan Chao, was a polity that flourished in what is now southern China and Southeast Asia during the 8th and 9th centuries.
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Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European powers formed into various coalitions, financed and usually led by the United Kingdom.
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Neolithic
The Neolithic was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 10,200 BC, according to the ASPRO chronology, in some parts of Western Asia, and later in other parts of the world and ending between 4500 and 2000 BC.
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Nokasad
Nokasad (full name Somdetch Brhat Chao Jaya Sri Samudra Buddhangkura; alternate names Soi Si Samout Phouthong Koun; King of Champa Nagapurisiri or Nakhon Champa Nakhaburisi) (reckoned posthumously to have been born in 1693 as Prince (Chao) Nakasatra Sungaya or Nokasat Song) was a grandson of the last king of Lan Xang, King Sourigna Vongsa; and a son-in-law of the Cambodian King Chey Chettha IV.
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Nong Bua Lamphu
Nong Bua Lam Phu is a town in Thailand, capital of Nong Bua Lam Phu Province.
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Nong Khai
Nong Khai (เทศบาลเมืองหนองคาย, Thesaban Mueang Nong Khai (Nong Khai Town) or หนองคาย or Nong Khai) is a city in north-east Thailand.
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Nong Zhigao
Nong Zhigao (modern Zhuang language:;, Nùng Trí Cao) (1025–1055?) is a hero admired by the Nùng people of Vietnam, and Zhuang people of China.
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Northern Tai languages
The Northern Tai languages are an established branch of the Tai languages of Southeast Asia.
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Ong Keo
Ong Keo (องค์แก้ว) led Austroasiatic-speaking minorities (formerly called Mon-Khmer) in what in Thailand was called the Holy Man's Rebellion, where it was a widespread but short-lived cause.
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Opium
Opium (poppy tears, with the scientific name: Lachryma papaveris) is the dried latex obtained from the opium poppy (scientific name: Papaver somniferum).
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Oun Kham
Oun Kham (June 5, 1811 – December 15, 1895) was King of Luang Prabang during 1868-1887 and a second time between 1889 and 1895.
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Pa Chay Vue
Pa Chay Vue, (RPA: Paj Cai Vwj or Puas Cai Vwj), commonly referred to as Pa Chay or Batchai, led the Hmong people in the War of the Insane revolt against French rule in French Indochina from 1918 to 1921.
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Paknam incident
The Paknam Incident was a military engagement fought during the Franco-Siamese War in July 1893.
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Pakse
Pakse, or Pakxe (French: Paksé; Laotian: ປາກເຊ "mouth of the river"; ปากเซ), is the capital and most populous city of the southern Laotian province of Champasak, making it the second most populous city in Laos.
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Palladium (protective image)
A palladium or palladion is an image or other object of great antiquity on which the safety of a city or nation is said to depend.
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Paris Peace Accords
The Paris Peace Accords, officially titled the Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam, was a peace treaty signed on January 27, 1973, to establish peace in Vietnam and end the Vietnam War.
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Pathet Lao
The Pathet Lao (Lao: ປະເທດລາວ, "Lao Nation") was a communist political movement and organization in Laos, formed in the mid-20th century.
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Phùng Nguyên culture
The Phùng Nguyên culture of Vietnam (c. 2,000 - 1,500 BC) is a name given to a culture of the Bronze Age in Vietnam which takes its name from an archeological site in Phùng Nguyên, east of Việt Trì discovered in 1958.
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Phetchaburi
Phetchaburi (เพชรบุรี) or Phet Buri is a town (thesaban mueang) in southern Thailand, capital of Phetchaburi Province.
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Phetsarath Ratanavongsa
Prince Phetsarath Ratanavongsa (Somdej Chao Maha Uparaja Pethsarath Ratanavongsa lit: His Highness (the) Vice-King Phetsarath Ratanavongsa) (ເພັຊຣາຊ; 19 January 1890 – 14 October 1959) was the 1st Prime Minister of Laos from 8 April to 20 October 1945, and was the first and last vice-king of the Kingdom of Laos.
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Phongsali
Phongsali or Phongsaly (ຜົ້ງສາລີ) is the capital of Phongsali Province, Laos.
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Phongsaly Province
Phôngsali (Lao ຜົ້ງສາລີ) is a province of Laos, located in the extreme north of the country.
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Photisarath
Photisarath (also spelled Phothisarath, Phothisarat, or Potisarat) (1501–1547) son of King Visoun of Lanxang, is considered to be the most devout of the Lao kings.
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Phoumi Nosavan
Major General Phoumi Nosavan (27 January 1920 – 1985)Stuart-Fox, pp.
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Phra Bang
The Phra Bang ("Royal Buddha Image in the Dispelling Fear mudra)," Lao (ພະ + ບາງ) is the palladium of Laos.
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Phuan people
The Phuan people (พวน), also known as Tai Phuan, Thai Puan (ไทพวน) or Lao Phuan, are a Theravada Buddhist Tai people spread out in small pockets over most of the northeastern Isan region with other groups scattered in central Thailand and Laos (Xieng Khouang Province).
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Plaek Phibunsongkhram
Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram (แปลก พิบูลสงคราม;; alternatively transcribed as Pibulsongkram or Pibulsonggram; 銮披汶·颂堪; 14 July 1897 – 11 June 1964), locally known as Chomphon Por (อมพล ป.), contemporarily known as Phibun (Pibul) in the West, was the longest serving 3rd Prime Minister of Thailand and fascist leader of Thailand from 1938 to 1944 and 1948 to 1957.
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Plain of Jars
The Plain of Jars (Lao: ທົ່ງໄຫຫິນ) is a megalithic archaeological landscape in Laos.
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Prachinburi
Prachinburi (ปราจีนบุรี) is a town (thesaban mueang) in central Thailand, capital of Prachinburi Province.
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Protectorate
A protectorate, in its inception adopted by modern international law, is a dependent territory that has been granted local autonomy and some independence while still retaining the suzerainty of a greater sovereign state.
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Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty, also known as the Qing Empire, officially the Great Qing, was the last imperial dynasty of China, established in 1636 and ruling China from 1644 to 1912.
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Ram Khamhaeng
King Ram Khamhaeng (พ่อขุนรามคำแหง;; c. 1237/1247 – 1298) was the third king of the Phra Ruang dynasty, ruling the Sukhothai Kingdom (a forerunner of the modern kingdom of Thailand) from 1279–1298, during its most prosperous era.
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Rama I
Phra Phutthayotfa Chulalok, born Thongduang and also known as Rama I (20 March 1737 – 7 September 1809), was the founder of Rattanakosin Kingdom and the first monarch of the reigning Chakri dynasty of Siam (now Thailand).
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Rama II of Siam
Phra Phutthaloetla Naphalai (พระพุทธเลิศหล้านภาลัย; 24 February 1767 – 21 July 1824) or Rama II was the second monarch of Siam under the Chakri dynasty, ruling from 1809 to 1824.
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Rama III
Nangklao (พระบาทสมเด็จพระนั่งเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว) or Rama III (31 March 1788 – 2 April 1851) was the third monarch of Siam under the House of Chakri, ruling from 21 July 1824 to 2 April 1851.
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Ratchaburi
Ratchaburi (ราชบุรี) or Rat Buri is a town (thesaban mueang) in western Thailand, capital of Ratchaburi Province.
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Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)
The Rattanakosin Kingdom (อาณาจักรรัตนโกสินทร์) is the fourth and present traditional centre of power in the history of Thailand (or Siam).
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Resident (title)
A Resident, or in full Resident Minister, is a government official required to take up permanent residence in another country.
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Roi Et
Roi Et is a town (thesaban mueang) in north-eastern Thailand, capital of Roi Et Province.
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Royal Lao Government
The Royal Lao Government was the ruling authority in the Kingdom of Laos from 1947 until the communist seizure of power in December 1975 and the proclamation of the Lao People's Democratic Republic.
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Salavan Province
Salavan (also Saravane, Lao: ສາລະວັນ) is a province of Laos, located in the south of the country.
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Sambor Prei Kuk
Sambor Prei Kuk (ប្រាសាទសំបូរព្រៃគុក - Prasat Sambor Prei Kuk) is an archaeological site in Cambodia located in Kampong Thom Province, north of Kampong Thom, the provincial capital, east of Angkor and north of Phnom Penh.
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Saraburi
Saraburi is a town (thesaban mueang) in central Thailand, capital of Saraburi Province.
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Sarcophagus
A sarcophagus (plural, sarcophagi) is a box-like funeral receptacle for a corpse, most commonly carved in stone, and usually displayed above ground, though it may also be buried.
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Savannakhet
Savannakhet, officially named Kaysone Phomvihane (ໄກສອນ ພົມວິຫານ; ไกสอน พมวิหาน) and previously known as Khanthabouli (ຄັນທະບູລີ), is a city in western Laos and the capital of the Savannakhet Province.
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Savannakhet Province
Savannakhét (Lao:ສະຫວັນນະເຂດ) is a province of Laos.
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Scorched earth
A scorched-earth policy is a military strategy that aims to destroy anything that might be useful to the enemy while it is advancing through or withdrawing from a location.
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Serfdom
Serfdom is the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism.
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Setthathirath
Setthathirath (ເສດຖາທິຣາດ; 1534–1571) or Xaysettha (ໄຊເສດຖາ; ไชยเชษฐาธิราช Chaiyachetthathirat) is considered one of the great leaders in Lao history.
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Shan States
Shan States and British Shan States (1885 - 1948) is an historic name for Minor Kingdoms (analogous to Princely state of British India) ruled by Saopha (similar to Thai royal title Chao Fa Prince or Princess) in large areas of today's Burma (Myanmar), China's Yunnan Province, Laos and Northern Thailand from the late 13th century until the mid-20th century.
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Siamese–Vietnamese War (1831–34)
The Siamese-Vietnamese War of 1831–1834, also known as the Siamese-Cambodian War of 1831–1834, started when Siam (Thailand) tried to conquer Cambodia and Southern Vietnam, but was repelled by Vietnam.
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Siamese–Vietnamese War (1841–45)
The 1841–1845 Siamese-Vietnamese War in Cambodia was a war between Vietnam (then under the rule of the Nguyen Dynasty) and Siam (Thailand) under the House of Chakkri.
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Sino-Tibetan languages
The Sino-Tibetan languages, in a few sources also known as Trans-Himalayan, are a family of more than 400 languages spoken in East Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia.
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Sip Song Chau Tai
The Sip Song Chau TaiOther spellings include: Sip Song Chau Thai, Sipsong Chuthai, Sipsong Chu Tai, Sip Song Chu Tai, Sipsongchuthai, Sip Song Chu Thai, Sipsong Chau Tai, Sip Song Chao Thai, Sipsong Chao Tai, Sipsongchutai, Sipsong Chao Thai.
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Sisaket (town)
Sisaket (ศรีสะเกษ) is the town (thesaban mueang) in northeast Thailand that is the capital of Sisaket Province.
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Sisavang Vong
Sisavang Phoulivong (or Sisavangvong, ພຣະບາທສົມເດັຈພຣະເຈົ້າມະຫາຊີວິຕສີສວ່າງວົງສ໌) (14 July 1885 – 29 October 1959) was king of the Kingdom of Luang Phrabang and later the Kingdom of Laos from 28 April 1904 until his death on 29 October 1959.
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Sourigna Vongsa
Sourigna Vongsa (ສຸຣິຍະວົງສາທັມມິກຣາດ) was the king of Lan Xang and during his period, it considered the golden age of Laos.
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Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia.
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Southward expansion of the Han dynasty
The Southward expansion of the Han dynasty were a series of Chinese military campaigns and expeditions in what is now modern Southern China and Northern Vietnam.
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Southwestern Tai languages
The Southwestern Tai, Southwestern Thai or Thais languages are an established branch of the Tai languages of Southeast Asia.
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Souvanna Phouma
Prince Souvanna Phouma (7 October 1901 – 10 January 1984) was the leader of the neutralist faction and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Laos several times (1951–1954, 1956–1958, 1960, and 1962–1975).
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Sovereignty
Sovereignty is the full right and power of a governing body over itself, without any interference from outside sources or bodies.
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Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්රී ලංකා; Tamil: இலங்கை Ilaṅkai), officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean to the southwest of the Bay of Bengal and to the southeast of the Arabian Sea.
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Steung Treng Province
Steung Treng, officially Stung Treng (ស្ទឹងត្រែង, "River of Reeds"; ຊຽງແຕງ Xiang Taeng; เชียงแตง Chiang Taeng "City of Melons"), is a province (khaet) of Cambodia located in the northeast.
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Stung Treng
Stung Treng (ស្ទឹងត្រែង), (ຊຽງແຕງ) is the capital of Stung Treng Province, Cambodia.
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Stupa
A stupa (Sanskrit: "heap") is a mound-like or hemispherical structure containing relics (śarīra - typically the remains of Buddhist monks or nuns) that is used as a place of meditation.
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Sukhothai Kingdom
The Kingdom of Sukhothai (สุโขทัย, Soo-Ker Ty) was an early kingdom in the area around the city Sukhothai, in north central Thailand.
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Suzerainty
Suzerainty (and) is a back-formation from the late 18th-century word suzerain, meaning upper-sovereign, derived from the French sus (meaning above) + -erain (from souverain, meaning sovereign).
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Tai Lue language
Tai Lue (Tai Lü:, kam tai lue) or Tai Lɯ, Tai Lü, Thai Lue, Tai Le, Xishuangbanna Dai (ภาษาไทลื้อ, phasa thai lue,; Lự or Lữ) is a Tai language of the Lu people, spoken by about 700,000 people in Southeast Asia.
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Tai peoples
Tai peoples refers to the population of descendants of speakers of a common Tai language, including sub-populations that no longer speak a Tai language.
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Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping Rebellion, also known as the Taiping Civil War or the Taiping Revolution, was a massive rebellion or total civil war in China that was waged from 1850 to 1864 between the established Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom under Hong Xiuquan.
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Taksin
Taksin the Great (สมเด็จพระเจ้าตากสินมหาราช) or the King of Thonburi (สมเด็จพระเจ้ากรุงธนบุรี,;; Teochew: Dên Chao; Vietnamese: Trịnh Quốc Anh) (April 17, 1734 – April 7, 1782) was the only King of the Thonburi Kingdom.
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Tam Pa Ling Cave
Tam Pa Ling (Cave of the Monkeys) is a cave in the Annamite Mountains in north-eastern Laos.
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Tang dynasty
The Tang dynasty or the Tang Empire was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.
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Thai language
Thai, Central Thai, or Siamese, is the national and official language of Thailand and the first language of the Central Thai people and vast majority Thai of Chinese origin.
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Thai people
Thai people or the Thais (ชาวไทย), also known as Siamese (ไทยสยาม), are a nation and Tai ethnic group native to Southeast Asia, primarily living mainly Central Thailand (Siamese proper).
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Thailand
Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam, is a unitary state at the center of the Southeast Asian Indochinese peninsula composed of 76 provinces.
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Thakhek
Thakhek (Lao language: ທ່າແຂກ) is a town in south-central Laos on the Mekong River and facing Nakhon Phanom across the river in northeastern Thailand.
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Thakhek District
Thakhek is a district (muang) of Khammouane Province in mid Laos.
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The Black Book of Communism
The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression is a 1997 book by Stéphane Courtois, Nicolas Werth, Andrzej Paczkowski and several other European academics documenting a history of political repressions by Communist states, including genocides, extrajudicial executions, deportations, killing population in labor camps and artificially created famines.
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Theravada
Theravāda (Pali, literally "school of the elder monks") is a branch of Buddhism that uses the Buddha's teaching preserved in the Pāli Canon as its doctrinal core.
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Thonburi Kingdom
Kingdom of Thonburi (Thai: ธนบุรี) was a Siamese kingdom after the downfall of the Ayutthaya Kingdom by the Konbaung Burmese invader.
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Tonkin
Tonkin (historically Đàng Ngoài), also spelled Tongkin, Tonquin or Tongking, is in the Red River Delta Region of northern Vietnam.
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Toungoo dynasty
The Toungoo dynasty (တောင်ငူမင်းဆက်,; also spelt Taungoo dynasty) was the ruling dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from the mid-16th century to 1752.
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Ubon Ratchathani
Ubon Ratchathani (อุบลราชธานี) is one of the four major cities of Isan (Khorat/Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani, Udon Thani, and Khon Kaen), also known as the "big four of Isan".
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United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.
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United States Government Publishing Office
The United States Government Publishing Office (GPO) (formerly the Government Printing Office) is an agency of the legislative branch of the United States federal government.
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Vassal
A vassal is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe.
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Vat Phou
Vat Phou (or Wat Phu; ວັດພູ temple-mountain) is a ruined Khmer Hindu temple complex in southern Laos.
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Việt Minh
Việt Minh (abbreviated from Việt Nam độc lập đồng minh, French: "Ligue pour l'indépendance du Viêt Nam", English: “League for the Independence of Vietnam") was a national independence coalition formed at Pác Bó by Hồ Chí Minh on May 19, 1941.
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Vichy France
Vichy France (Régime de Vichy) is the common name of the French State (État français) headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II.
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Vientiane
Vientiane (ວຽງຈັນ/ວຽງຈັນທນ໌/ວຽງຈັນທະບູຣີ ສຼີສັຕນາຄຄນາຫຸຕ ວິສຸທທິຣັຕນຣາຊທານີ ບໍຣີຣົມຍ໌, Viang chan) is the capital and largest city of Laos, on the banks of the Mekong River near the border with Thailand.
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Vietnam
Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia.
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Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (Chiến tranh Việt Nam), also known as the Second Indochina War, and in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America (Kháng chiến chống Mỹ) or simply the American War, was a conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975.
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Vietnamese people
The Vietnamese people or the Kinh people (người Việt or người Kinh), are an ethnic group originating from present-day northern Vietnam.
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Visoun
Visoun (Vixun also Visunarat) was the king of Lan Xang from 1500 until 1520.
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War of the Insane
The War of the Insane or the Madman's War (Guerre du Fou) was a Hmong revolt against taxation in the French colonial administration in Indochina lasting from 1918 to 1921.
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White elephant (animal)
A white elephant (also albino elephant) is a rare kind of elephant, but not a distinct species.
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World Heritage site
A World Heritage site is a landmark or area which is selected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as having cultural, historical, scientific or other form of significance, and is legally protected by international treaties.
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World War I
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
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World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
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Xe Bang Fai River
The Xe Bang Fai River or Nam Xebangfai is a river of Laos.
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Xiangkhoang Plateau
The Xiangkhouang Plateau or Xiangkhoang Plateau, also known in French as Plateau du Tran-Ninh is a plateau in the north of Laos.
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Xiangkhouang Province
Xiangkhouang (Lao: ຊຽງຂວາງ, meaning "Horizontal City") is a province of Laos, located in the Xiangkhouang Plateau, north-east of the country.
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Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture
Xishuangbanna, Sibsongbanna, or Sipsong Panna, shortened to Banna (full name: Tham: ᩈᩥ᩠ᨷᩈ᩠ᩋᨦᨻᩢ᩠ᨶᨶᩣ; New Tai Lü script:;; สิบสองปันนา; ສິບສອງພັນນາ; သိပ်းသွင်ပၼ်းၼႃး; စစ်ဆောင်ပန္နား) is a Tai Lü autonomous prefecture in the extreme south of Yunnan, China.
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Yao people
The Yao people (its majority branch is also known as Mien;; người Dao) is a government classification for various minorities in China and Vietnam.
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Yasothon
Yasothon (ยโสธร) is a town on the Chi River in the north-eastern region of Thailand.
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Yue (state)
Yue (Old Chinese: *), also known as Yuyue, was a state in ancient China which existed during the first millennium BC the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods of China's Zhou dynasty in the modern provinces of Zhejiang, Shanghai, and Jiangsu.
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Yunnan
Yunnan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country.
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Zhejiang
, formerly romanized as Chekiang, is an eastern coastal province of China.
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Zhou dynasty
The Zhou dynasty or the Zhou Kingdom was a Chinese dynasty that followed the Shang dynasty and preceded the Qin dynasty.
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Redirects here:
Early History of Laos, Early history of Laos, History of laos, Laos, History, Laos/History, Laotian history, Prehistory of Laos.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Laos
