Table of Contents
324 relations: Abdessalam Jalloud, Abdul Ati al-Obeidi, Aboriginal Australians, Abu Sayyaf, Addis Ababa, African National Congress, Ahmed al-Senussi, AIJAC, Al Jazeera Arabic, Al Jazeera English, Al Jazeera Media Network, Al-Watiya Air Base, Allahu Akbar (anthem), Almighty Black P. Stone Nation, Amazonian Guard, Amnesty International, Ange-Félix Patassé, Anti-Gaddafi forces, Anti-imperialism, Anti-Zionism, Anwar Sadat, Aouzou Strip, Apartheid, Apocalypticism, Arab Australians, Arab Cold War, Arab nationalism, Arab socialism, Arab Socialist Union (Egypt), Arab Socialist Union (Libya), Arab Spring, Arabic, Arabic grammar, Arabs, Armed Forces of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Arms Control Association, Atheism, Authoritarianism, Ba'athist Iraq, Baghdadi Mahmudi, Basic People's Congress (political), Battle of Tripoli (2011), BBC News, Benghazi, Berber languages, Bill Clinton, Bill Hartley (activist), Black people, Black September Organization, Blaise Compaoré, ... Expand index (274 more) »
- 1969 establishments in Libya
- 1970s in Libya
- 1980s in Libya
- 1990s in Libya
- 2000s in Libya
- 2011 disestablishments in Libya
- 20th century in Libya
- 21st century in Libya
- Islamism in Libya
- Socialism in Libya
Abdessalam Jalloud
Abdessalam Jalloud (‘Abd al-Salmān Julūd) (born 15 December 1944) is a Libyan former politician and military officer who served as the Prime Minister of Libya from 16 July 1972 to 2 March 1977, under the government of Muammar Gaddafi.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Abdessalam Jalloud
Abdul Ati al-Obeidi
Abdul Ati al-Obeidi (ʿAbd al-ʿĀṭī al-ʿUbayyidī; 10 October 1939 – 16 September 2023) was a Libyan politician and diplomat.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Abdul Ati al-Obeidi
Aboriginal Australians
Aboriginal Australians are the various Indigenous peoples of the Australian mainland and many of its islands, excluding the ethnically distinct people of the Torres Strait Islands.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Aboriginal Australians
Abu Sayyaf
Abu Sayyaf (جماعة أبو سياف;, ASG), officially known by the Islamic State as the Islamic State – East Asia Province, is a Jihadist militant and pirate group that followed the Wahhabi doctrine of Sunni Islam.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Abu Sayyaf
Addis Ababa
Addis Ababa (fountain of hot mineral water, new flower) is the capital and largest city of Ethiopia.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Addis Ababa
African National Congress
The African National Congress (ANC) is a political party in South Africa.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and African National Congress
Ahmed al-Senussi
Prince Ahmed Al-Zubair al-Senussi, also known as Zubeir Ahmed El-Sharif (أحمد الزبير الشريف السنوسي; born 1934) is a Libyan member of the Senussi house and a member of the National Transitional Council representing political prisoners.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Ahmed al-Senussi
AIJAC
The Australia/Israel & Jewish Affairs Council (AIJAC), represents the interests of the Australian Jewish community to government, politicians, media and other community groups and organisations through research, commentary and analysis.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and AIJAC
Al Jazeera Arabic
Al Jazeera Arabic (الجزيرة) is a Qatari state-owned Arabic-language news television network.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Al Jazeera Arabic
Al Jazeera English
Al Jazeera English (AJE; lit) is a 24-hour English-language news channel operating under Al Jazeera Media Network, which is partially funded by the government of Qatar.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Al Jazeera English
Al Jazeera Media Network
Al Jazeera Media Network (AJMN; The Peninsula) is a private-media conglomerate headquartered at Wadi Al Sail, Doha, funded in part by the government of Qatar.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Al Jazeera Media Network
Al-Watiya Air Base
al-Watiya Air Base also known as Okba Ibn Nafa Air Base is a military airport in the Nuqat al Khams district of western Libya.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Al-Watiya Air Base
Allahu Akbar (anthem)
"Allahu Akbar" (God Is the Greatest) is an Egyptian pro-military patriotic song composed by songwriter Abdalla Shams El-Din in 1954 and written by poet Mahmoud El-Sherif in 1955.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Allahu Akbar (anthem)
Almighty Black P. Stone Nation
The Almighty Black P. Stone Nation (often abbreviated as BPS, BPSN, Black Peace Stones, Black P. Stones, Stones, or Moes) is an American street gang founded in Chicago.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Almighty Black P. Stone Nation
Amazonian Guard
The Amazonian Guard (also the "Amazons") was an unofficial name given by Western journalists to an all-female elite cadre of bodyguards officially known as The Revolutionary Nuns (الراهبات الثوريات, ar-rāhibāt ath-thawriyyāt), tasked with protecting the late, former leader of the Libyan Jamahiriya, Muammar Gaddafi.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Amazonian Guard
Amnesty International
Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Amnesty International
Ange-Félix Patassé
Ange-Félix Patassé (25 January 1937 – 5 April 2011) was a Central African politician who was president of the Central African Republic from 1993 until 2003, when he was deposed by the rebel leader François Bozizé in the 2003 coup d'état.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Ange-Félix Patassé
Anti-Gaddafi forces
The anti-Gaddafi forces, also known as the Libyan opposition or Libyan rebels, were Libyan groups that opposed and militarily defeated the government of Muammar Gaddafi during the First Libyan Civil War in 2011, killing him in the process.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Anti-Gaddafi forces
Anti-imperialism
Anti-imperialism in political science and international relations is opposition to imperialism or neocolonialism.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Anti-imperialism
Anti-Zionism
Anti-Zionism is opposition to Zionism.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Anti-Zionism
Anwar Sadat
Muhammad Anwar es-Sadat (25 December 1918 – 6 October 1981) was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the third president of Egypt, from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Anwar Sadat
Aouzou Strip
The Aouzou Strip (Qiṭāʿ Awzū, Bande d'Aozou) is a strip of land in northern Chad that lies along the border with Libya, extending south to a depth of about 100 kilometers into Chad's Borkou, Ennedi Ouest, Ennedi Est, and Tibesti Regions for an area of 114,000 km2.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Aouzou Strip
Apartheid
Apartheid (especially South African English) was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 to the early 1990s.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Apartheid
Apocalypticism
Apocalypticism is the religious belief that the end of the world is imminent, even within one's own lifetime.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Apocalypticism
Arab Australians
Arab Australians (عرب أستراليا) refers to Australian citizens or residents with ancestry from the Middle East and North Africa, regardless of their ethnic origins.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Arab Australians
Arab Cold War
The Arab Cold War (الحرب العربية الباردة al-ḥarb al-`arabiyyah al-bāridah) was a political rivalry in the Arab world from the early 1950s to the late 1970s and a part of the wider Cold War.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Arab Cold War
Arab nationalism
Arab nationalism (al-qawmīya al-ʿarabīya) is a political ideology asserting that Arabs constitute a single nation.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Arab nationalism
Arab socialism
Arab socialism (Al-Ishtirākīya Al-‘Arabīya) is a political ideology based on the combination of pan-Arabism and socialism.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Arab socialism
Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)
The Arab Socialist Union (الاتحاد الاشتراكي العربي) was an Egyptian political party based on the principles of Nasserism and Arab socialism.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)
Arab Socialist Union (Libya)
The Libyan Arab Socialist Union was a Libyan political party from 1971 to 1977 based on the principles of Nasserist Arab socialism.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Arab Socialist Union (Libya)
Arab Spring
The Arab Spring (ar-rabīʻ al-ʻarabī) or the First Arab Spring (to distinguish from the Second Arab Spring) was a series of anti-government protests, uprisings and armed rebellions that spread across much of the Arab world in the early 2010s.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Arab Spring
Arabic
Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, or عَرَبِيّ, or) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Arabic
Arabic grammar
Arabic grammar (النَّحْوُ العَرَبِيُّ) is the grammar of the Arabic language.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Arabic grammar
Arabs
The Arabs (عَرَب, DIN 31635:, Arabic pronunciation), also known as the Arab people (الشَّعْبَ الْعَرَبِيّ), are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Arabs
Armed Forces of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
The Armed Forces of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya consisted of the Libyan Army, Libyan Air Force and the Libyan Navy and other services including the People's Militia. History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Armed Forces of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya are 1969 establishments in Libya and 2011 disestablishments in Libya.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Armed Forces of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Arms Control Association
The Arms Control Association is a United States-based nonpartisan membership organization founded in 1971, with the self-stated mission of "promoting public understanding of and support for effective arms control policies." The group publishes the monthly magazine Arms Control Today.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Arms Control Association
Atheism
Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Atheism
Authoritarianism
Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political status quo, and reductions in democracy, separation of powers, civil liberties, and the rule of law.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Authoritarianism
Ba'athist Iraq
Ba'athist Iraq, officially the Iraqi Republic (1968–1992) and later the Republic of Iraq (1992–2003), was the Iraqi state between 1968 and 2003 under the rule of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Ba'athist Iraq are former socialist republics.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Ba'athist Iraq
Baghdadi Mahmudi
Baghdadi Ali Mahmudi (البغدادي علي المحمودي) (born 1945) is a Libyan politician who was Secretary of the General People's Committee (prime minister) of Libya from 5 March 2006 to as late as 1 September 2011, when he acknowledged the collapse of the GPCO and the ascendance of the National Transitional Council as a result of the Libyan Civil War.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Baghdadi Mahmudi
Basic People's Congress (political)
The Basic People's Congress, or Fundamental Popular Council (translit), was the smallest unit of government in Muammar Gaddafi's Libya.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Basic People's Congress (political)
Battle of Tripoli (2011)
The Battle of Tripoli (ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ), sometimes referred to as the Fall of Tripoli (سقوط طرابلس), was a military confrontation in Tripoli, Libya, between loyalists of Muammar Gaddafi, the longtime leader of Libya, and the National Transitional Council, which was attempting to overthrow Gaddafi and take control of the capital.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Battle of Tripoli (2011)
BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and BBC News
Benghazi
Benghazi (lit. Son of Ghazi) is the second-most-populous city in Libya as well as the largest city in Cyrenaica, with an estimated population of 1,207,250 in 2020.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Benghazi
Berber languages
The Berber languages, also known as the Amazigh languages or Tamazight, are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Berber languages
Bill Clinton
William Jefferson Clinton (né Blythe III; born August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd president of the United States from 1993 to 2001.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Bill Clinton
Bill Hartley (activist)
William Henry Hartley (26 October 1930 – 18 February 2006) was an Australian political activist who was State Secretary of the Victorian branch of the Australian Labor Party between 1965 and 1970.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Bill Hartley (activist)
Black people
Black is a racialized classification of people, usually a political and skin color-based category for specific populations with a mid- to dark brown complexion.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Black people
Black September Organization
The Black September Organization (BSO) (translit) was a Palestinian militant organization founded in 1970.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Black September Organization
Blaise Compaoré
Blaise Compaoré (born 3 February 1951)Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders (2003), page 76–77.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Blaise Compaoré
Blockade
A blockade is the act of actively preventing a country or region from receiving or sending out food, supplies, weapons, or communications, and sometimes people, by military force.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Blockade
BNET
BNET was an online magazine dedicated to issues of business management.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and BNET
BP
BP p.l.c. (formerly The British Petroleum Company p.l.c. and BP Amoco p.l.c.; stylised in all lowercase) is a British multinational oil and gas company headquartered in London, England.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and BP
Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution
The Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (الأخ القائد ومرشد الثورة الجماهرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الإشتراكية العظمى) was a title held by former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, who claimed to be merely a symbolic figurehead of the country's official governance structure.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution
Brussels
Brussels (Bruxelles,; Brussel), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest), is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels, which is the capital of Belgium.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Brussels
Ceasefire
A ceasefire (also known as a truce or armistice), also spelled cease fire (the antonym of 'open fire'), is a stoppage of a war in which each side agrees with the other to suspend aggressive actions, often due to mediation by a third party.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Ceasefire
Central African Empire
The Central African Empire (Empire centrafricain) was established on 4 December 1976 when the then-President of the Central African Republic, Jean-Bédel Bokassa, declared himself Emperor of Central Africa.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Central African Empire
Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Central Intelligence Agency
Chad
Chad, officially the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of North and Central Africa.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Chad
Chadian–Libyan War
The Chadian–Libyan War was a series of military campaigns in Chad between 1978 and 1987, fought between Libyan and allied Chadian forces against Chadian groups supported by France, with the occasional involvement of other foreign countries and factions. History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Chadian–Libyan War are 1980s in Libya.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Chadian–Libyan War
Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization
The Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization, officially the Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization, is the leader of the Executive Committee (EC) of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), the executive body of the PLO, which was established in 1964.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization
Charles Taylor (Liberian politician)
Charles McArthur Ghankay Taylor (born 28 January 1948) is a Liberian former politician and convicted war criminal who served as the 22nd president of Liberia from 2 August 1997 until his resignation on 11 August 2003 as a result of the Second Liberian Civil War and growing international pressure.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Charles Taylor (Liberian politician)
Chemical Weapons Convention
The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), officially the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction, is an arms control treaty administered by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), an intergovernmental organization based in The Hague, The Netherlands.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Chemical Weapons Convention
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and China
Civil and political rights
Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Civil and political rights
CNN
Cable News Network (CNN) is a multinational news channel and website operating from Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by the Manhattan-based media conglomerate Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and the first all-news television channel in the United States.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and CNN
Cold War
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, that started in 1947, two years after the end of World War II, and lasted until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Cold War
Columbia University Press
Columbia University Press is a university press based in New York City, and affiliated with Columbia University.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Columbia University Press
Communist Party of the Philippines
The Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP; Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas) is a far-left, Marxist–Leninist–Maoist revolutionary organization and communist party in the Philippines, formed by Jose Maria Sison on 26 December 1968.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Communist Party of the Philippines
Coronation
A coronation is the act of placement or bestowal of a crown upon a monarch's head.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Coronation
Crimes against humanity
Crimes against humanity are certain serious crimes committed as part of a large-scale attack against civilians.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Crimes against humanity
Cuba
Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba, Isla de la Juventud, archipelagos, 4,195 islands and cays surrounding the main island.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Cuba
Cultural Revolution in Libya
The Cultural Revolution (or People's Revolution) in Libya was a period of political and social change in Libya. History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Cultural Revolution in Libya are Islamism in Libya and socialism in Libya.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Cultural Revolution in Libya
Cyrenaica
Cyrenaica or Kyrenaika (Barqah, Kurēnaïkḗ, after the city of Cyrene), is the eastern region of Libya.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Cyrenaica
Daily Times (Nigeria)
The Daily Times was a Nigerian newspaper with headquarters in Lagos.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Daily Times (Nigeria)
Daniel Ortega
José Daniel Ortega Saavedra (born 11 November 1945) is a Nicaraguan politician and the 58th president of Nicaragua since 2007.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Daniel Ortega
Darfur
Darfur (Fur) is a region of western Sudan.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Darfur
Day of Revenge
The Day of Revenge (Yūm al-Intiqāmi) was a Libyan holiday celebrating the expulsion of Italians from Libyan soil in 1970.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Day of Revenge
De facto
De facto describes practices that exist in reality, regardless of whether they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and De facto
Declaration on the Establishment of the Authority of the People
The Declaration on the Establishment of the Authority of the People was brought into force on 2 March 1977 by the General People's Congress, under the auspices of Muammar Gaddafi, in the name of the Arab people of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.
Demographics of Libya
Demographics of Libya is the demography of Libya, specifically covering population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, and religious affiliations, as well as other aspects of the Libyan population.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Demographics of Libya
Diplomacy
Diplomacy comprises spoken or written communication by representatives of state, intergovernmental, or non-governmental institutions intended to influence events in the international system.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Diplomacy
Direct democracy
Direct democracy or pure democracy is a form of democracy in which the electorate decides on policy initiatives without elected representatives as proxies.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Direct democracy
Disarmament of Libya
In 2003, Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi agreed to eliminate his country's weapons of mass destruction program, including a decades-old nuclear weapons program.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Disarmament of Libya
Dogfight
A dogfight, or dog fight, is an aerial battle between fighter aircraft conducted at close range.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Dogfight
Domestic responses to the Libyan civil war (2011)
During the early stages of the Libyan Civil War of 2011, the Gaddafi regime was still in power: but there was widespread withdrawal of support from that regime by influential persons and organisations within the country.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Domestic responses to the Libyan civil war (2011)
Douglas Farah
Douglas Farah is an American journalist, author and national security consultant.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Douglas Farah
East Germany
East Germany (Ostdeutschland), officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik,, DDR), was a country in Central Europe from its formation on 7 October 1949 until its reunification with West Germany on 3 October 1990. History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and East Germany are former socialist republics.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and East Germany
Eastern Bloc
The Eastern Bloc, also known as the Communist Bloc (Combloc), the Socialist Bloc, and the Soviet Bloc, was the unofficial coalition of communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America that were aligned with the Soviet Union and existed during the Cold War (1947–1991). History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Eastern Bloc are former socialist republics.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Eastern Bloc
Economy of Libya
The economy of Libya depends primarily on revenues from the petroleum sector, which represents over 95% of export earnings and 60% of GDP.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Economy of Libya
Egypt
Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Egypt
EgyptAir Flight 321
EgyptAir Flight 321 was a Cairo-Luxor Egyptian flight which was hijacked by three armed terrorists claiming to be from the Abd Al-Nasir Movement.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and EgyptAir Flight 321
Egyptian–Libyan War
The Egyptian–Libyan War, also known as the Four Day War (ḥarb al-ārbaʿ ʾayyām), was a short border war fought between Libya and Egypt that lasted from 21 to 24 July 1977.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Egyptian–Libyan War
Emperor of Central Africa
Emperor of Central Africa (Empereur de Centrafrique) was the title used by Jean-Bédel Bokassa from 4 December 1976, who was crowned on 4 December 1977 in a lavish ceremony that was estimated to cost the Central African Empire US$20 million (equivalent to $ million in). Although nominally a constitutional monarch, in practice Bokassa ruled with absolute power.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Emperor of Central Africa
Encyclopædia Britannica
The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Encyclopædia Britannica
Execution of Al-Sadek Hamed Al-Shuwehdy
Al-Sadek Hamed Al-Shuwehdy (or Sadiq Hamed Shwehdi) (c. 1954 – executed 1984) was a Libyan student and aeronautical engineer who was executed following a show trial in the basketball stadium in Benghazi, Libya.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Execution of Al-Sadek Hamed Al-Shuwehdy
Extraordinary rendition
Extraordinary rendition is a euphemism for state-sponsored kidnapping in another jurisdiction and transfer to a third state.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Extraordinary rendition
Fall of Kampala
The Fall of Kampala, also known as the Liberation of Kampala (Kiswahili: Kukombolewa kwa Kampala), was a battle during the Uganda–Tanzania War in 1979, in which the combined forces of Tanzania and the Uganda National Liberation Front (UNLF) attacked and captured the Ugandan capital, Kampala.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Fall of Kampala
Fatimah el-Sharif
Sayyida Fatimah el-Sharif (فاطمة الشريف), after marriage Fatimah as-Senussi (فاطمة السنوسي, 2 April 1911 – 3 October 2009), was Queen of Libya as the wife of King Idris from 1951 until the 1969 Libyan coup d'état.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Fatimah el-Sharif
Federation of American Scientists
The Federation of American Scientists (FAS) is an American nonprofit global policy think tank with the stated intent of using science and scientific analysis to attempt to make the world more secure.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Federation of American Scientists
Federation of Arab Republics
The Federation of Arab Republics (FAR; إتحاد الجمهوريات العربية) was an unsuccessful attempt by Muammar Gaddafi to merge Libya, Egypt and Syria in order to create a unified Arab state. History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Federation of Arab Republics are 1970s in Libya.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Federation of Arab Republics
Fezzan
Fezzan (Fezzan; فَزَّان|Fazzān; Phazania) is the southwestern region of modern Libya.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Fezzan
Fidel Castro
Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (13 August 1926 – 25 November 2016) was a Cuban revolutionary and politician who was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008, serving as the prime minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and president from 1976 to 2008.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Fidel Castro
FindArticles
FindArticles was a website which provided access to articles previously published in over 3,000 magazines, newspapers, journals, business reports and other sources.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and FindArticles
Foday Sankoh
Foday Saybana Sankoh (17 October 1937 – 29 July 2003) was a Sierra Leonean rebel leader who was the founder and commander of the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) rebel group, which was supported by Charles Taylor-led NPFL in the 11-year-long Sierra Leone Civil War, starting in 1991 and ending in 2002.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Foday Sankoh
Foreign Policy
Foreign Policy is an American news publication founded in 1970 focused on global affairs, current events, and domestic and international policy.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Foreign Policy
Foreign relations of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
The foreign relations of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi (1969–2011) underwent much fluctuation and change.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Foreign relations of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
François Tombalbaye
François Tombalbaye (فرنسوا تومبالباي; 15 June 1918 – 13 April 1975), also known as N'Garta Tombalbaye, was a Chadian politician who served as the first President of Chad from the country's independence in 1960 until his overthrow in 1975.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and François Tombalbaye
Free Aceh Movement
The Free Aceh Movement (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka, GAM; Geurakan Acèh Meurdèka / Gěrakan Aceh Měrdeka) was a separatist group seeking independence for the Aceh region of Sumatra, Indonesia.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Free Aceh Movement
Free trade agreement
A free trade agreement (FTA) or treaty is an agreement according to international law to form a free-trade area between the cooperating states.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Free trade agreement
Freedom
Freedom is the power or right to speak, act and change as one wants without hindrance or restraint.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Freedom
Freedom House
Freedom House is a non-profit organization based in Washington, D.C. It is best known for political advocacy surrounding issues of democracy, political freedom, and human rights.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Freedom House
Freedom of the Press (report)
Freedom of the Press was an annual report on media independence around the world, published between 1980 and 2017 by US-based non-governmental organization Freedom House.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Freedom of the Press (report)
French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle
Charles de Gaulle is the flagship of the French Navy.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle
Gaddafi loyalism
Gaddafi loyalism, in a wider political and social sense also known as the Green resistance, consists of sympathetic sentiment towards the overthrown government of Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed in October 2011, and his Third International Theory.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Gaddafi loyalism
Gamal Abdel Nasser
Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was an Egyptian military officer and politician who served as the second president of Egypt from 1954 until his death in 1970.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Gamal Abdel Nasser
Gérard Prunier
Gérard Prunier (born 14 October 1942 in Paris) is a French academic, historian, and consultant.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Gérard Prunier
General People's Committee
The General People's Committee (اللجنة الشعبية العامة, al-lajna ash-sha'biyya al-'āmma), often abbreviated as the GPCO, was the executive branch of the government of Libya, during the existence of Muammar Gaddafi's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and General People's Committee are 2011 disestablishments in Libya.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and General People's Committee
General People's Congress (Libya)
The General People's Congress (مؤتمر الشعب العامالليبي, Mu'tammar al-sha'ab al 'âmm), often abbreviated as the GPC, was the national legislature of Libya, during the existence of Muammar Gaddafi's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and General People's Congress (Libya) are 2011 disestablishments in Libya.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and General People's Congress (Libya)
Great Man-Made River
The Great Man-Made River (GMMR, an-nahr aṣ-ṣināʿiyy al-ʿaẓīm) is a network of pipes that supplies fresh water obtained from the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System fossil aquifer across Libya.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Great Man-Made River
Greenwood Publishing Group
Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. (GPG), also known as ABC-Clio/Greenwood (stylized ABC-CLIO/Greenwood), is an educational and academic publisher (middle school through university level) which is today part of ABC-Clio.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Greenwood Publishing Group
Grumman F-14 Tomcat
The Grumman F-14 Tomcat is an American carrier-capable supersonic, twin-engine, two-seat, twin-tail, all-weather-capable variable-sweep wing fighter aircraft.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Grumman F-14 Tomcat
Gulf of Sidra
The Gulf of Sidra (Khalij as-Sidra, also known as the Gulf of Sirte (Khalij Surt, is a body of water in the Mediterranean Sea on the northern coast of Libya, named after the oil port of Sidra or the city of Sirte. It was also historically known as the Great Sirte or Greater Syrtis (Syrtis Major; Σύρτις μεγάλη; contrasting with Syrtis Minor on the coast of Tunisia).
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Gulf of Sidra
Hasan as-Senussi
Sayyid Hasan ar-Rida al-Mahdi as-Senussi (August 1928 – 28 April 1992) was the Crown Prince of the Kingdom of Libya from 26 October 1956 to 1 September 1969, when the Libyan coup d'état resulted in the monarchy being abolished.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Hasan as-Senussi
Hebrew language
Hebrew (ʿÎbrit) is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Hebrew language
Henry Kissinger
Henry Alfred Kissinger (May 27, 1923November 29, 2023) was an American diplomat and political scientist who served as the United States secretary of state from 1973 to 1977 and national security advisor from 1969 to 1975, in the presidential administrations of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Henry Kissinger
Hermann Eilts
Hermann Frederick Eilts (March 23, 1922 – October 12, 2006) was a United States Foreign Service Officer and diplomat.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Hermann Eilts
Hissène Habré
Hissène Habré (Arabic: حسين حبري Ḥusaīn Ḥabrī, Chadian Arabic:;; 13 August 1942 – 24 August 2021), also spelled Hissen Habré, was a Chadian politician and convicted war criminal who served as the 5th president of Chad from 1982 until he was deposed in 1990.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Hissène Habré
Hosni Mubarak
Muhammad Hosni El Sayed Mubarak (4 May 1928 – 25 February 2020) was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the fourth president of Egypt from 1981 to 2011.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Hosni Mubarak
Houari Boumédiène
Houari Boumédiène (translit; born Mohammed ben Brahim Boukherouba; 23 August 1932 – 27 December 1978) was an Algerian military officer and politician who served as Chairman of the Revolutionary Council of Algeria from 19 June 1965 until 12 December 1976 and thereafter as the second president of Algeria until his death in 1978.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Houari Boumédiène
Human rights in Libya
Human rights in Libya is the record of human rights upheld and violated in various stages of Libya's history.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Human rights in Libya
Hutchinson Heinemann
Hutchinson Heinemann is a British publishing firm founded in 1887.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Hutchinson Heinemann
Idi Amin
Idi Amin Dada Oumee (30 May 192816 August 2003) was a Ugandan military officer and politician who served as the third president of Uganda from 1971 to 1979.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Idi Amin
Idris of Libya
Muhammad Idris bin Muhammad al-Mahdi as-Senussi (Idrīs; 13 March 1890 – 25 May 1983) was a Libyan political and religious leader who was King of Libya from 24 December 1951 until his ouster in the 1 September 1969 coup d'état.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Idris of Libya
Idriss Déby
Idriss Déby Itno (إدريس ديبي; 18 June 1952 – 20 April 2021) was a Chadian politician and military officer who was the 6th president of Chad from 1991 until his death in 2021 during the Northern Chad offensive.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Idriss Déby
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
The Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (or IRB;, CISR), established in 1989 by an Act of Parliament, is an independent administrative tribunal that is responsible for making decisions on immigration and refugee matters.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
International Court of Justice
The International Court of Justice (ICJ; Cour internationale de justice, CIJ), or colloquially the World Court, is the only international court that adjudicates general disputes between nations, and gives advisory opinions on international legal issues.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and International Court of Justice
International Criminal Court
The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal seated in The Hague, Netherlands.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and International Criminal Court
International reactions to the Libyan civil war (2011)
The international reactions to the Libyan Civil War were the responses to the series of protests and military confrontations occurring in Libya against the government of Libya and its ''de facto'' head of state Muammar Gaddafi.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and International reactions to the Libyan civil war (2011)
Irish Naval Service
The Naval Service (An tSeirbhís Chabhlaigh) is the maritime component of the Defence Forces of Ireland and is one of the three branches of the Irish Defence Forces.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Irish Naval Service
Irish Republican Army
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) is a name used by various resistance organisations in Ireland throughout the 20th and 21st centuries.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Irish Republican Army
Islam
Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Islam
Islam in Libya
Islam is the dominant religion in Libya, with 97% of Libyans following Sunni Islam.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Islam in Libya
Islamic Legion
The Islamic Legion (الفيلق الإسلامي al-Faylaq ul-'IslāmiyyuG. Prunier, Darfur: The Ambiguous Genocide, p. 45) (Islamic Pan-African Legion) was a Libyan-sponsored pan-Arabist and pan-Islamist paramilitary force, created in 1972.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Islamic Legion
Islamic socialism
Islamic socialism is a political philosophy that incorporates Islamic principles into socialism.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Islamic socialism
Islamism
Islamism (also often called political Islam) refers to a broad set of religious and political ideological movements.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Islamism
Italian language
Italian (italiano,, or lingua italiana) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Italian language
Janjaweed
The Janjaweed (Janjawīd; also transliterated Janjawid) are an Arab nomad militia group from the Sahel region that operates in Sudan, particularly in Darfur, and eastern Chad.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Janjaweed
Japanese Red Army
The was a militant communist organization active from 1971 to 2001.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Japanese Red Army
Jean-Bédel Bokassa
Jean-Bédel Bokassa (22 February 1921 – 3 November 1996) was a Central African political and military leader.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Jean-Bédel Bokassa
Jeff Fort
Jeff Fort (born February 20, 1947),, chicagomag.com; accessed July 15, 2020.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Jeff Fort
Jumhuriya
Jumhūriyyah (جمهورية) is the word for "republic" in the Arabic language.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Jumhuriya
Khamis Brigade
The Khamis Brigade, formally the 32nd Reinforced Brigade of the Armed People, was a regime security brigade of the Libyan Armed Forces loyal to Muammar Gaddafi, the official leader of Libya from 1969 until 2011.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Khamis Brigade
Killing of Muammar Gaddafi
The killing of Muammar Gaddafi took place on 20 October 2011 after the Battle of Sirte.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Killing of Muammar Gaddafi
Kim Jong Il
Kim Jong Il (born Yuri Irsenovich Kim; 16 February 1941 or 1942 – 17 December 2011) was a North Korean politician who was the second supreme leader of North Korea.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Kim Jong Il
Kingdom of Libya
The Kingdom of Libya (translit; Regno di Libia), known as the United Kingdom of Libya from 1951 to 1963, was a constitutional monarchy in North Africa that came into existence upon independence on 24 December 1951 and lasted until a bloodless coup d'état on 1 September 1969.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Kingdom of Libya
Kurdish nationalism
Kurdish nationalism is a nationalist political movement which asserts that Kurds are a nation and espouses the creation of an independent Kurdistan from Iran, Iraq, Syria, Armenia and Turkey.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Kurdish nationalism
Kurdistan National Congress
The Kurdistan National Congress (Kurdish: Kongreya Neteweyî ya Kurdistanê, KNC or KNK) is a multi-national platform of Kurdish groups and parties of all tendencies, which aims for the independence of Kurdistan.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Kurdistan National Congress
Libya
Libya, officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Libya
Libyan Air Force
The Libyan Air Force (القوات الجوية الليبية) is the branch of the Libyan Armed Forces responsible for aerial warfare.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Libyan Air Force
Libyan Arabic
Libyan Arabic (Lībī), also called Sulaimitian Arabic by scholars, is a variety of Arabic spoken in Libya, and neighboring countries.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Libyan Arabic
Libyan Army (1951–2011)
The Libyan Army was the branch of the Armed Forces of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, the Libyan Arab Republic and the Kingdom of Libya responsible for ground warfare.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Libyan Army (1951–2011)
Libyan civil war (2011)
The Libyan civil war, also known as the First Libyan Civil War, was an armed conflict in 2011 in the North African country of Libya that was fought between forces loyal to Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and rebel groups that were seeking to oust his government.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Libyan civil war (2011)
Libyan dinar
The dinar (دينار; sign: LD in Latin, ل.د in Arabic; code: LYD) is the official currency of Libya.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Libyan dinar
Libyan People's Court
The Libyan People's Court is an emergency tribunal founded in Libya after the revolution of 1 September 1969. History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Libyan People's Court are 1969 establishments in Libya.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Libyan People's Court
Libyan Revolutionary Command Council
The Revolutionary Command Council was the twelve-person governing body that ruled the Libyan Arab Republic after the 1969 Libyan coup d'état by the Free Officers Movement, which overthrew the Senussi monarchy of King Idris I. The council's chairman was Muammar Gaddafi, who had the most influence and served as Libya's de facto head of state as Revolutionary Chairman of the Libyan Arab Republic and commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Libyan Revolutionary Command Council
Lisa Anderson
Lisa Anderson (born October 16, 1950) is an American political scientist and the former President of the American University in Cairo (AUC).
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Lisa Anderson
List of heads of state of Chad
This is a list of heads of state of Chad since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and List of heads of state of Chad
List of national mottos
This article lists state and national mottos for the world's nations.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and List of national mottos
Lockerbie
Lockerbie (Locarbaidh) is a town in Dumfries and Galloway, south-western Scotland.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Lockerbie
Lockheed C-130 Hercules
The Lockheed C-130 Hercules is an American four-engine turboprop military transport aircraft designed and built by Lockheed (now Lockheed Martin).
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Lockheed C-130 Hercules
Lod Airport massacre
The Lod Airport massacre was a terrorist attack that occurred on 30 May 1972.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Lod Airport massacre
London Review of Books
The London Review of Books (LRB) is a British literary magazine published bimonthly (twice a month) that features articles and essays on fiction and non-fiction subjects, which are usually structured as book reviews.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and London Review of Books
Maghrebis
Maghrebis or Maghrebians (translit) are the inhabitants of the Maghreb region of North Africa.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Maghrebis
Mahmud Suleiman Maghribi
Mahmud Sulayman al-Maghribi (محمود سليمان المغربي) (29 November 1935 – 17 July 2009) was the Prime Minister of Libya from 8 September 1969 to 16 January 1970.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Mahmud Suleiman Maghribi
Māori people
Māori are the indigenous Polynesian people of mainland New Zealand (Aotearoa).
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Māori people
Mecca
Mecca (officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah) is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia and the holiest city according to Islam.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Mecca
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Mediterranean Sea
Memorandum of understanding
A memorandum of understanding (MoU) is a type of agreement between two (bilateral) or more (multilateral) parties.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Memorandum of understanding
Mengistu Haile Mariam
Mengistu Haile Mariam (መንግሥቱ ኀይለ ማርያም, pronunciation:; born 21 May 1937) is an Ethiopian former politician and former military officer who was the head of state of Ethiopia from 1977 to 1991 and General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Ethiopia from 1984 to 1991.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Mengistu Haile Mariam
Mercenary
A mercenary, also called a merc, soldier of fortune, or hired gun, is a private individual who joins an armed conflict for personal profit, is otherwise an outsider to the conflict, and is not a member of any other official military.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Mercenary
MI6
The Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), commonly known as MI6 (Military Intelligence, Section 6), is the foreign intelligence service of the United Kingdom, tasked mainly with the covert overseas collection and analysis of human intelligence on foreign nationals in support of its Five Eyes partners.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and MI6
Michigan State University
Michigan State University (Michigan State or MSU) is a public land-grant research university in East Lansing, Michigan.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Michigan State University
Middle East Eye
Middle East Eye (MEE) is a UK-based news website founded in 2014 that covers the Middle East and North Africa.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Middle East Eye
Middle East Forum
The Middle East Forum (MEF) is an American conservative 501(c)(3) think tank founded in 1990 by Daniel Pipes, who serves as its president.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Middle East Forum
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23
The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 (Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-23; NATO reporting name: Flogger) is a variable-geometry fighter aircraft, designed by the Mikoyan-Gurevich design bureau in the Soviet Union.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25
The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25 (Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-25; NATO reporting name: Foxbat) is a supersonic interceptor and reconnaissance aircraft that is among the fastest military aircraft to enter service.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25
Military communications
Military communications or military signals involve all aspects of communications, or conveyance of information, by armed forces.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Military communications
Military dictatorship
A military dictatorship, or a military regime, is a type of dictatorship in which power is held by one or more military officers.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Military dictatorship
Mixed economy
A mixed economy is an economic system that accepts both private businesses and nationalized government services, like public utilities, safety, military, welfare, and education.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Mixed economy
Mohamed Abu al-Qasim al-Zwai
Mohamed Abu al-Qasim al-Zwai (born 14 May 1952) is a Libyan politician who was the last Secretary General of Libya's General People's Congress and thus the country's nominal head of state from 2010 until 2011.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Mohamed Abu al-Qasim al-Zwai
Moro Islamic Liberation Front
The Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF; جبهة تحرير مورو الإسلامية Jabhat Taḥrīr Moro al-ʾIslāmiyyah) is an Islamist group based in Mindanao, Philippines, seeking an autonomous region of the Moro people from the central government.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Moro Islamic Liberation Front
Muammar Gaddafi
Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi (20 October 2011) was a Libyan revolutionary, politician and political theorist who ruled Libya from 1969 until his assassination by rebel forces in 2011.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Muammar Gaddafi
Mukhabarat el-Jamahiriya
Mukhabarat el-Jamahiriya (مخابرات الجماهيرية) (Intelligence of the Jamahiriya) was the national intelligence service of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Mukhabarat el-Jamahiriya
Munich massacre
The Munich massacre was a terrorist attack carried out during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, by eight members of the Palestinian militant organization Black September.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Munich massacre
Murder of Yvonne Fletcher
The murder of Yvonne Fletcher, a Metropolitan Police officer, occurred on 17 April 1984, when she was fatally wounded by a shot fired from the Libyan embassy on St James's Square, London, by an unknown gunman.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Murder of Yvonne Fletcher
Mustard gas
Mustard gas or sulfur mustard are names commonly used for the organosulfur chemical compound bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, which has the chemical structure S(CH2CH2Cl)2, as well as other species.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Mustard gas
Nasserism
Nasserism is an Arab nationalist and Arab socialist political ideology based on the thinking of Gamal Abdel Nasser, one of the two principal leaders of the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and Egypt's second President.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Nasserism
Nation state
A nation-state is a political unit where the state, a centralized political organization ruling over a population within a territory, and the nation, a community based on a common identity, are congruent.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Nation state
National Emblem of Libya
Since 2011, Libya currently does not have an official national emblem.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and National Emblem of Libya
National Transitional Council
The National Transitional Council (NTC) was a transitional government established in the 2011 Libyan civil war.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and National Transitional Council
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 32 member states—30 European and 2 North American.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and NATO
Nawaz Sharif
Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif (Urdu:; born 25 December 1949) is a Pakistani businessman and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan for three non-consecutive terms.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Nawaz Sharif
Nelson Mandela
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (born Rolihlahla Mandela; 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid activist, politician, and statesman who served as the first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Nelson Mandela
New People's Army
The New People's Army (Bagong Hukbong Bayan), abbreviated NPA or BHB, is the armed wing of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP).
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and New People's Army
No-fly zone
A no-fly zone, also known as a no-flight zone (NFZ), or air exclusion zone (AEZ), is a territory or area established by a military power over which certain aircraft are not permitted to fly.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and No-fly zone
Nonpartisanship
Nonpartisanship, also known as nonpartisanism, is a lack of affiliation with, and a lack of bias towards, a political party.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Nonpartisanship
North Korea
North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and North Korea
Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System
The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System (NSAS) is the world's largest known fossil water aquifer system.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System
Oil and gas reserves and resource quantification
Oil and gas reserves denote discovered quantities of crude oil and natural gas (oil or gas '''fields''') that can be profitably produced/recovered from an approved development.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Oil and gas reserves and resource quantification
One-party state
A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system or single-party system is a governance structure in which only a single political party controls the ruling system.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and One-party state
OPEC
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is an organization enabling the co-operation of leading oil-producing and oil-dependent countries in order to collectively influence the global oil market and maximize profit.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and OPEC
Operation Juniper Shield
Operation Juniper Shield, formerly known as Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara (OEF-TS), is the military operation conducted by the United States and partner nations in the Saharan and Sahel regions of Africa, consisting of counterterrorism efforts and policing of arms and drug trafficking across central Africa.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Operation Juniper Shield
Operation Odyssey Dawn
Operation Odyssey Dawn was the U.S. code name for the American role in the international military operation in Libya to enforce United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 during the initial period of 19–31 March 2011, which continued afterwards under NATO command as Operation Unified Protector.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Operation Odyssey Dawn
Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries
The Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) is a multi-governmental organization headquartered in Kuwait which coordinates energy policies among oil-producing Arab states.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries
Pakistan
Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Pakistan
Palestine Liberation Organization
The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO; منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية) is a Palestinian nationalist coalition that is internationally recognized as the official representative of the Palestinian people; i.e. the globally dispersed population, not just those in the Palestinian territories who are represented by the Palestinian Authority.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Palestine Liberation Organization
Pan Am Flight 103
Pan Am Flight 103 (PA103/PAA103) was a regularly scheduled Pan Am transatlantic flight from Frankfurt to Detroit via a stopover in London and another in New York City.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Pan Am Flight 103
Pan-Africanism
Pan-Africanism is a worldwide movement that aims to encourage and strengthen bonds of solidarity between all indigenous peoples and diasporas of African ancestry.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Pan-Africanism
Pan-Arabism
Pan-Arabism (al-wiḥda al-ʿarabīyyah) is a pan-nationalist ideology that espouses the unification of all Arab people in a single nation-state, consisting of all Arab countries of West Asia and North Africa from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, which is referred to as the Arab world.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Pan-Arabism
Patrick Seale
Patrick Abram Seale (7 May 1930 – 11 April 2014) was a British journalist and author who specialised in the Middle East.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Patrick Seale
People's republic
People's republic is an official title that is mostly used by current and former communist states, as well as other left-wing governments.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and People's republic
Petroleum
Petroleum or crude oil, also referred to as simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Petroleum
Polisario Front
The Polisario Front, Frente Polisario, Frelisario or simply Polisario (from the Spanish acronym of Frente Popular de Liberación de Saguía el Hamra y Río de Oro), is a rebel Sahrawi nationalist liberation movement claiming Western Sahara.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Polisario Front
Politics of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
From 1969 to early 2011, the politics of Libya were determined de facto by Muammar Gaddafi, who had been in power since his overthrow of the Kingdom of Libya in 1969.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Politics of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
President of Algeria
The president of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (translit) is the head of state and chief executive of Algeria, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Algerian People's National Armed Forces.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and President of Algeria
President of Uganda
The president of the Republic of Uganda is the head of state and the head of government of Uganda.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and President of Uganda
President of Zimbabwe
The president of Zimbabwe is the head of state of Zimbabwe and head of the executive branch of the government of Zimbabwe.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and President of Zimbabwe
Prime Minister of Pakistan
The prime minister of Pakistan (وزِیرِ اعظمپاکستان, romanized: Wazīr ē Aʿẓam) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Prime Minister of Pakistan
Provisional government
A provisional government, also called an interim government, an emergency government, a transitional government or provisional leadership, is a temporary government formed to manage a period of transition, often following state collapse, revolution, civil war, or some combination thereof.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Provisional government
Provisional Irish Republican Army
The Provisional Irish Republican Army (Provisional IRA), officially known as the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and informally known as the Provos, was an Irish republican paramilitary force that sought to end British rule in Northern Ireland, facilitate Irish reunification and bring about an independent republic encompassing all of Ireland.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Provisional Irish Republican Army
Purchasing power parity
Purchasing power parity (PPP) is a measure of the price of specific goods in different countries and is used to compare the absolute purchasing power of the countries' currencies.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Purchasing power parity
Red Army Faction
The Red Army Faction (RAF),See the section "Name" also known as the Baader–Meinhof Group or Baader–Meinhof Gang, was a West German far-left militant group founded in 1970 and active until 1998.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Red Army Faction
Red Brigades
The Red Brigades (Brigate Rosse, often abbreviated BR) was an Italian Marxist–Leninist armed militant guerilla group.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Red Brigades
Regime
In politics, a regime (also "régime") is the form of government or the set of rules, cultural or social norms, etc., that regulate the operation of a government or institution and its interactions with society.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Regime
Republic
A republic, based on the Latin phrase res publica ('public affair'), is a state in which political power rests with the public through their representatives—in contrast to a monarchy.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Republic
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People's Army (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de ColombiaEjército del Pueblo, FARC–EP or FARC) is a Marxist–Leninist guerrilla group involved in the continuing Colombian conflict starting in 1964.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
Revolutionary Guard Corps
The Libyan Revolutionary Guard Corps (Liwa Haris al-Jamahiriya), also known as the Jamahiriyyah Guard, was a paramilitary elite unit that played the role of key protection force of the regime of Muammar Gaddafi, until his death in October 2011.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Revolutionary Guard Corps
Revolutionary United Front
The Revolutionary United Front (RUF) was a rebel group that fought a failed eleven-year war in Sierra Leone, beginning in 1991 and ending in 2002.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Revolutionary United Front
Revolutionary Women's Formation
The Revolutionary Women's Formation (RWF) was a women's organization in Libya, founded in 1970. History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Revolutionary Women's Formation are 1970s in Libya.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Revolutionary Women's Formation
Riadh Sidaoui
Riadh Sidaoui (رياض الصيداوي) (born 14 May 1967) is a Swiss–Tunisian writer, journalist and political scientist.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Riadh Sidaoui
Robert Mugabe
Robert Gabriel Mugabe (21 February 1924 – 6 September 2019) was a Zimbabwean revolutionary and politician who served as Prime Minister of Zimbabwe from 1980 to 1987 and then as President from 1987 to 2017.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Robert Mugabe
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, and a component of His Majesty's Naval Service.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Royal Navy
RTÉ
i (Radio Television of Ireland; RTÉ) is an Irish public service broadcaster.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and RTÉ
Saddam Hussein
Saddam Hussein (28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was an Iraqi politician and revolutionary who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 1979 to 2003.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Saddam Hussein
Sahara
The Sahara is a desert spanning across North Africa.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Sahara
Sahel
The Sahel region or Sahelian acacia savanna is a biogeographical region in Africa.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Sahel
Salah Busir
Salah Masoud Busir (صالح مسعود بويصير, 1925 – February 21, 1973) was a Libyan politician, journalist, and historian.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Salah Busir
Scotland
Scotland (Scots: Scotland; Scottish Gaelic: Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Scotland
Second Republic of Uganda
The Second Republic of Uganda existed from 1971 to 1979, when Uganda was ruled by Idi Amin's military dictatorship.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Second Republic of Uganda
Senusiyya
The Senusiyya, Senussi or Sanusi (translit) are a Muslim political-religious Sufi order and clan in Libya and surrounding regions founded in Mecca in 1837 by the Grand Sanussi (السنوسي الكبير as-Sanūssiyy al-Kabīr), the Algerian Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sanusi.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Senusiyya
September 11 attacks
The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated Islamist terrorist suicide attacks carried out by al-Qaeda against the United States in 2001.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and September 11 attacks
Siad Barre
Mohammed Siad Barre (Maxamed Siyaad Barre, Osmanya script: 𐒑𐒖𐒄𐒖𐒑𐒗𐒆 𐒈𐒘𐒕𐒛𐒆 𐒁𐒖𐒇𐒇𐒗, محمد زياد بري Muhammad Siad Bariy; 6 October 1909 – 2 January 1995) was a Somali major general, politician and revolutionary who served as the third president of Somalia from 21 October 1969 to 26 January 1991.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Siad Barre
Sirte
Sirte (سِرْت), also spelled Sirt, Surt, Sert or Syrte, is a city in Libya.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Sirte
Socialism
Socialism is an economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Socialism
Somali Democratic Republic
The Somali Democratic Republic (Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya Soomaaliyeed; الجمهورية الديمقراطية الصومالية,; Repubblica Democratica Somala; was the name of the socialist totalitarian military government given to Somalia under President Major General Mohamed Siad Barre, after seizing power in a coup d'état on 21 October 1969.J. History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Somali Democratic Republic are former socialist republics.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Somali Democratic Republic
Somali National Movement
The Somali National Movement (Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed, الحركة الوطنية الصومالية) was one of the first and most important organized guerilla groups and Mujahideen groups that opposed the Siad Barre regime in the 1980s to the 1990s, as well as being the main anti-government faction during the Somaliland War of Independence.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Somali National Movement
Somali Salvation Democratic Front
Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF) (Jabhadda Diimuqraadiga Badbaadinta Soomaaliyeed), initially known as the Democratic Front for Salvation of Somalia, was a political and paramilitary umbrella organization in Somalia.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Somali Salvation Democratic Front
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and South Africa
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Soviet Union are former socialist republics.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Soviet Union
Special Court for Sierra Leone
The Special Court for Sierra Leone, or the "Special Court" (SCSL), also called the Sierra Leone Tribunal, was a judicial body set up by the government of Sierra Leone and the United Nations to "prosecute persons who bear the greatest responsibility for serious violations of international humanitarian law and Sierra Leonean law" committed in Sierra Leone after 30 November 1996 and during the Sierra Leone Civil War.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Special Court for Sierra Leone
Spoken language
A spoken language is a language produced by articulate sounds or (depending on one's definition) manual gestures, as opposed to a written language.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Spoken language
Stasi
The Ministry for State Security (Ministerium für Staatssicherheit,; abbreviated as "MfS"), commonly known as the italics, an abbreviation of Staatssicherheit, was the state security service and secret police of East Germany (the GDR) from 1950 to 1990.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Stasi
State Sponsors of Terrorism (U.S. list)
"State Sponsors of Terrorism" is a designation applied to countries that are alleged to have "repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism" per the United States Department of State.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and State Sponsors of Terrorism (U.S. list)
State visit
A state visit is a formal visit by a head of state (or representative of a head of state) to a foreign country, at the invitation of the head of state (or representative) of that foreign country, with the latter also acting as the official host for the duration of the state visit.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and State visit
Sterling area
The sterling area (or sterling bloc, legally scheduled territories) was a group of countries that either adopted or pegged their currencies to the pound sterling.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Sterling area
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa, Subsahara, or Non-Mediterranean Africa is the area and regions of the continent of Africa that lie south of the Sahara.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Sub-Saharan Africa
Sukhoi Su-17
The Sukhoi Su-17 (izdeliye S-32; NATO reporting name: Fitter) is a variable-sweep wing fighter-bomber developed for the Soviet military.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Sukhoi Su-17
Syria
Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Syria
Tahrir Square
Tahrir Square (Maydān at-Taḥrīr,; "Liberation Square"), also known as Martyr Square, is a public town square in downtown Cairo, Egypt.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Tahrir Square
Tajammu al-Arabi
Tajammu al-Arabi (Tajammuʿ al-ʻArabī), translated into English as Arab Gathering or Arab Alliance, was a Sudanese Arab tribal militia and political organization that operated in western Sudan and eastern Chad in the late 1980s under Libyan sponsorship.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Tajammu al-Arabi
Teda language
The Teda language, also known as Tedaga, Todaga, Todga, or Tudaga is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken by the Teda, a northern subgroup of the Toubou people who inhabit southern Libya, northern Chad and eastern Niger.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Teda language
The Australian
The Australian, with its Saturday edition The Weekend Australian, is a broadsheet newspaper published by News Corp Australia since 14 July 1964.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and The Australian
The Contemporary Review
The Contemporary Review is a British biannual, formerly quarterly, magazine.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and The Contemporary Review
The Daily Telegraph
The Daily Telegraph, known online and elsewhere as The Telegraph, is a British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed in the United Kingdom and internationally.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and The Daily Telegraph
The Economist
The Economist is a British weekly newspaper published in printed magazine format and digitally.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and The Economist
The Green Book (Gaddafi)
The Green Book (الكتاب الأخضر) is a short book setting out the political philosophy of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi. History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and the Green Book (Gaddafi) are Islamism in Libya and socialism in Libya.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and The Green Book (Gaddafi)
The Guardian
The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and The Guardian
The New York Times
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and The New York Times
The Troubles
The Troubles (Na Trioblóidí) were an ethno-nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland that lasted for about 30 years from the late 1960s to 1998.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and The Troubles
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal (WSJ), also referred to simply as the Journal, is an American newspaper based in New York City, with a focus on business and finance.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and The Wall Street Journal
The Weekly Standard
The Weekly Standard was an American neoconservative political magazine of news, analysis, and commentary that was published 48 times per year.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and The Weekly Standard
Third International Theory
The Third International Theory (نظرية عالمية ثالثة), also known as the Third Universal Theory and Gaddafism, was the style of government proposed by Muammar Gaddafi on 15 April 1973 in his Zuwara speech, on which his government, the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, was officially based. History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Third International Theory are Islamism in Libya and socialism in Libya.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Third International Theory
Third World
The term "Third World" arose during the Cold War to define countries that remained non-aligned with either NATO or the Warsaw Pact.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Third World
Tomahawk (missile family)
The BGM-109 Tomahawk Land Attack Missile (TLAM) is a long-range, all-weather, jet-powered, subsonic cruise missile that is primarily used by the United States Navy and Royal Navy in ship and submarine-based land-attack operations.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Tomahawk (missile family)
Toyota War
The Toyota War, also known as the Great Toyota War, which took place in 1987 in Northern Chad and on the Chad–Libya border, was the last phase of the Chadian–Libyan War.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Toyota War
Trial in absentia
Trial in absentia is a criminal proceeding in a court of law in which the person being tried is not present.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Trial in absentia
Tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Tribe
Tripoli, Libya
Tripoli (translation) is the capital and largest city of Libya, with a population of about 1.183 million people in 2023.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Tripoli, Libya
Tunisian revolution
The Tunisian revolution, also called the Jasmine Revolution and Tunisian Revolution of Dignity, was an intensive 28-day campaign of civil resistance.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Tunisian revolution
Unitary state
A unitary state is a sovereign state governed as a single entity in which the central government is the supreme authority.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Unitary state
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and United Nations
United Nations Security Council
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international peace and security, recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly, and approving any changes to the UN Charter.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and United Nations Security Council
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973
Resolution 1973 was adopted by the United Nations Security Council on 17 March 2011 in response to the First Libyan Civil War.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973
United States Department of State
The United States Department of State (DOS), or simply the State Department, is an executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy and relations.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and United States Department of State
United States of Africa
The United States of Africa is a concept of a federation of some or all of the 54 sovereign states and two disputed states on the continent of Africa.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and United States of Africa
University of Colorado Boulder
The University of Colorado Boulder (CU Boulder, CU, or Colorado) is a public research university in Boulder, Colorado, United States.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and University of Colorado Boulder
Vanuatu
Vanuatu, officially the Republic of Vanuatu (République de Vanuatu; Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is an island country in Melanesia, located in the South Pacific Ocean.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Vanuatu
Vice admiral
Vice admiral is a senior naval flag officer rank, usually equivalent to lieutenant general and air marshal.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Vice admiral
Voice of America
Voice of America (VOA or VoA) is an international radio broadcasting state media agency owned by the United States of America.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Voice of America
Walla Zaman Ya Selahy
"" was the national anthem of the United Arab Republic (UAR), a federation of Egypt and Syria, from 1960.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Walla Zaman Ya Selahy
War in Darfur
The War in Darfur, also nicknamed the Land Cruiser War, was a major armed conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan that began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) rebel groups began fighting against the government of Sudan, which they accused of oppressing Darfur's non-Arab population.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and War in Darfur
War on terror
The war on terror, officially the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), is a global counterterrorist military campaign initiated by the United States following the September 11 attacks and is the most recent global conflict spanning multiple wars.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and War on terror
West Berlin discotheque bombing
On 5 April 1986, three people were killed and 229 injured when La Belle discothèque was bombed in the Friedenau locality (then part of Schöneberg, and since 2001 part of the merged district of Tempelhof-Schöneberg) of West Berlin.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and West Berlin discotheque bombing
Western Europe
Western Europe is the western region of Europe.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Western Europe
Western world
The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to various nations and states in the regions of Australasia, Western Europe, and Northern America; with some debate as to whether those in Eastern Europe and Latin America also constitute the West.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Western world
Wheelus Air Base
Wheelus Air Base was a United States Air Force base located in British-occupied Libya and the Kingdom of Libya from 1943 to 1970.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Wheelus Air Base
William E. Gortney
William Evans "Bill" Gortney (born September 25, 1955) is a retired United States Navy admiral who served as the sixth commander of United States Northern Command and the 23rd commander of North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD).
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and William E. Gortney
Workers Revolutionary Party (UK)
The Workers Revolutionary Party (WRP) is a Trotskyist group in Britain once led by Gerry Healy.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Workers Revolutionary Party (UK)
Workers' self-management
Workers' self-management, also referred to as labor management and organizational self-management, is a form of organizational management based on self-directed work processes on the part of an organization's workforce.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Workers' self-management
Yasser Arafat
Yasser Arafat (4 or 24 August 1929 – 11 November 2004), also popularly known by his kunya Abu Ammar, was a Palestinian political leader.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Yasser Arafat
Yom Kippur War
The Yom Kippur War, also known as the Ramadan War, the October War, the 1973 Arab–Israeli War, or the Fourth Arab–Israeli War, was an armed conflict fought from 6 to 25 October 1973, between Israel and a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and Yom Kippur War
1969 Libyan coup attempt
Having taken power in a coup three months earlier, Muammar Gaddafi faced a mutiny by army and interior ministers Moussa Ahmed and Adam Hawaz, both from the eastern Barqa region.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and 1969 Libyan coup attempt
1969 Libyan revolution
The 1969 Libyan revolution, also known as the al-Fateh Revolution or 1 September Revolution, was a coup d'état and revolution carried out by the Free Officers Movement, a group of Arab nationalist and Nasserist officers in the Libyan Army, which overthrew the Senussi monarchy of King Idris I and resulted in the formation of the Libyan Arab Republic. History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and 1969 Libyan revolution are Islamism in Libya and socialism in Libya.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and 1969 Libyan revolution
1970 expulsion of Italians from Libya
The expulsion of Italians from Libya took place following 21 July 1970, when the Libyan Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) issued a special law to "regain wealth stolen from the Libyan people by Italian oppressors", as stated by Muammar Gaddafi in a speech a few days later.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and 1970 expulsion of Italians from Libya
1972 Summer Olympics
The 1972 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad and officially branded as Munich 1972 (München 1972), were an international multi-sport event held in Munich, West Germany, from 26 August to 11 September 1972.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and 1972 Summer Olympics
1973 oil crisis
In October 1973, the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) announced that it was implementing a total oil embargo against the countries who had supported Israel at any point during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, which began after Egypt and Syria launched a large-scale surprise attack in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to recover the territories that they had lost to Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and 1973 oil crisis
1985 Rome and Vienna airport attacks
The Rome and Vienna airport attacks were two major terrorist attacks carried out on 27 December 1985.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and 1985 Rome and Vienna airport attacks
1986 United States bombing of Libya
The United States Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps carried out air strikes, code-named Operation El Dorado Canyon, against Libya on 15 April 1986 in retaliation for the West Berlin discotheque bombing ten days earlier, which U.S. President Ronald Reagan blamed on Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and 1986 United States bombing of Libya
1994 South African general election
General elections were held in South Africa between 26 and 29 April 1994.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and 1994 South African general election
20 minutes (France)
20 minutes (vingt minutes) is a free, daily newspaper aimed at commuters in France.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and 20 minutes (France)
2001 Central African Republic coup attempt
On the night of 27–28 May 2001 a coup attempt was carried out by commandos of the Central African Armed Forces who attempted to overthrow Ange-Félix Patassé.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and 2001 Central African Republic coup attempt
2011 Egyptian revolution
The 2011 Egyptian revolution, also known as the 25 January Revolution (translit), began on 25 January 2011 and spread across Egypt.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and 2011 Egyptian revolution
2011 military intervention in Libya
On 19 March 2011, a multi-state NATO-led coalition began a military intervention in Libya to implement United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 (UNSCR 1973), in response to events during the First Libyan Civil War.
See History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and 2011 military intervention in Libya
See also
1969 establishments in Libya
- Al-Thawra (Libya)
- Armed Forces of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
- History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
- Libyan People's Court
1970s in Libya
- 1971 in Libya
- 1972 in Libya
- 1973 in Libya
- 1975 in Libya
- 1977 in Libya
- 1978 in Libya
- 1979 in Libya
- Federation of Arab Republics
- History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
- Revolutionary Women's Formation
1980s in Libya
- 1980 in Libya
- 1981 in Libya
- 1982 in Libya
- 1984 in Libya
- 1986 in Libya
- 1987 in Libya
- 1988 in Libya
- 1989 in Libya
- Chadian–Libyan War
- History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
1990s in Libya
- 1990 in Libya
- 1991 in Libya
- 1992 in Libya
- 1993 in Libya
- 1994 in Libya
- 1995 in Libya
- 1996 in Libya
- 1997 in Libya
- 1998 in Libya
- 1999 in Libya
- History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
2000s in Libya
- 2000 in Libya
- 2001 in Libya
- 2002 in Libya
- 2003 in Libya
- 2004 in Libya
- 2005 in Libya
- 2006 in Libya
- 2007 in Libya
- 2008 in Libya
- 2009 in Libya
- History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
2011 disestablishments in Libya
- Armed Forces of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
- Bab al-Azizia
- Flag of Libya (1977–2011)
- General People's Committee
- General People's Congress (Libya)
- History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
- Legion Thoria
- National Liberation Army (Libya)
- Trucks and Bus Company
20th century in Libya
- Battle of Al-Rahiba
- Battle of Bir Bilal
- Battle of Bir Tabraz
- Battle of Gasr Bu Hadi
- Battle of Safsaf
- Battle of Wadi Marsit
- British Military Administration (Libya)
- Fezzan-Ghadames Military Territory
- First Battle of Sidi Abu Arqub (1915)
- History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
- Italian Libya
- Italian settlers in Libya
- Libyan-Syrian Union
- Senussi campaign
21st century in Libya
- History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
Islamism in Libya
- 1969 Libyan revolution
- Abu Salim Martyrs Brigade
- Cultural Revolution in Libya
- History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
- Homeland Party (Libya)
- Libyan Islamic Fighting Group
- Party of Reform and Development
- The Green Book (Gaddafi)
- Third International Theory
Socialism in Libya
- 1969 Libyan revolution
- Cultural Revolution in Libya
- Free Officers movement (Libya)
- History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
- The Green Book (Gaddafi)
- Third International Theory
References
Also known as Arab Republic of Libya, GSPLAJ, Gaddafi government, Gaddafi regime, Gaddafi's Libya, Gaddafist Libya, Government of Muammar Gaddafi, Great Socialist People's Arab Jamahiriya, Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977-2011), Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriyah, Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahriya, History of Jamahiriya Libya, History of Libya (1969-2011), History of Libya under Gaddafi, History of Libya under Muammar al-Gaddafi, History of Libya under the Gaddafi government, History of Libya under the Jamahiriya, History of Modern Libya, History under Muammar Gaddafi, Libya (1969-2011), Libya A.R., Libya AR, Libya Jamahiriya, Libya under Gaddafi, Libya under Muammar Gaddafi, Libyan A.R., Libyan AR, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Libyan Arab Jamahiriyah, Libyan Arab Jumhuriya, Libyan Arab Republic, Libyan Arab Republic (1969-1977), Libyan Arab Republic (1969-77), Libyan Jamahiriya, Muammar Gaddafi's Libya, Muammar Gaddafi's regime, SPLAJ, Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jumhuriya, The Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الإشتراكية, الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الإشتراكية العظمى.
, Blockade, BNET, BP, Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution, Brussels, Ceasefire, Central African Empire, Central Intelligence Agency, Chad, Chadian–Libyan War, Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization, Charles Taylor (Liberian politician), Chemical Weapons Convention, China, Civil and political rights, CNN, Cold War, Columbia University Press, Communist Party of the Philippines, Coronation, Crimes against humanity, Cuba, Cultural Revolution in Libya, Cyrenaica, Daily Times (Nigeria), Daniel Ortega, Darfur, Day of Revenge, De facto, Declaration on the Establishment of the Authority of the People, Demographics of Libya, Diplomacy, Direct democracy, Disarmament of Libya, Dogfight, Domestic responses to the Libyan civil war (2011), Douglas Farah, East Germany, Eastern Bloc, Economy of Libya, Egypt, EgyptAir Flight 321, Egyptian–Libyan War, Emperor of Central Africa, Encyclopædia Britannica, Execution of Al-Sadek Hamed Al-Shuwehdy, Extraordinary rendition, Fall of Kampala, Fatimah el-Sharif, Federation of American Scientists, Federation of Arab Republics, Fezzan, Fidel Castro, FindArticles, Foday Sankoh, Foreign Policy, Foreign relations of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi, François Tombalbaye, Free Aceh Movement, Free trade agreement, Freedom, Freedom House, Freedom of the Press (report), French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle, Gaddafi loyalism, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Gérard Prunier, General People's Committee, General People's Congress (Libya), Great Man-Made River, Greenwood Publishing Group, Grumman F-14 Tomcat, Gulf of Sidra, Hasan as-Senussi, Hebrew language, Henry Kissinger, Hermann Eilts, Hissène Habré, Hosni Mubarak, Houari Boumédiène, Human rights in Libya, Hutchinson Heinemann, Idi Amin, Idris of Libya, Idriss Déby, Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, International Court of Justice, International Criminal Court, International reactions to the Libyan civil war (2011), Irish Naval Service, Irish Republican Army, Islam, Islam in Libya, Islamic Legion, Islamic socialism, Islamism, Italian language, Janjaweed, Japanese Red Army, Jean-Bédel Bokassa, Jeff Fort, Jumhuriya, Khamis Brigade, Killing of Muammar Gaddafi, Kim Jong Il, Kingdom of Libya, Kurdish nationalism, Kurdistan National Congress, Libya, Libyan Air Force, Libyan Arabic, Libyan Army (1951–2011), Libyan civil war (2011), Libyan dinar, Libyan People's Court, Libyan Revolutionary Command Council, Lisa Anderson, List of heads of state of Chad, List of national mottos, Lockerbie, Lockheed C-130 Hercules, Lod Airport massacre, London Review of Books, Maghrebis, Mahmud Suleiman Maghribi, Māori people, Mecca, Mediterranean Sea, Memorandum of understanding, Mengistu Haile Mariam, Mercenary, MI6, Michigan State University, Middle East Eye, Middle East Forum, Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23, Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25, Military communications, Military dictatorship, Mixed economy, Mohamed Abu al-Qasim al-Zwai, Moro Islamic Liberation Front, Muammar Gaddafi, Mukhabarat el-Jamahiriya, Munich massacre, Murder of Yvonne Fletcher, Mustard gas, Nasserism, Nation state, National Emblem of Libya, National Transitional Council, NATO, Nawaz Sharif, Nelson Mandela, New People's Army, No-fly zone, Nonpartisanship, North Korea, Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System, Oil and gas reserves and resource quantification, One-party state, OPEC, Operation Juniper Shield, Operation Odyssey Dawn, Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, Pakistan, Palestine Liberation Organization, Pan Am Flight 103, Pan-Africanism, Pan-Arabism, Patrick Seale, People's republic, Petroleum, Polisario Front, Politics of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi, President of Algeria, President of Uganda, President of Zimbabwe, Prime Minister of Pakistan, Provisional government, Provisional Irish Republican Army, Purchasing power parity, Red Army Faction, Red Brigades, Regime, Republic, Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, Revolutionary Guard Corps, Revolutionary United Front, Revolutionary Women's Formation, Riadh Sidaoui, Robert Mugabe, Royal Navy, RTÉ, Saddam Hussein, Sahara, Sahel, Salah Busir, Scotland, Second Republic of Uganda, Senusiyya, September 11 attacks, Siad Barre, Sirte, Socialism, Somali Democratic Republic, Somali National Movement, Somali Salvation Democratic Front, South Africa, Soviet Union, Special Court for Sierra Leone, Spoken language, Stasi, State Sponsors of Terrorism (U.S. list), State visit, Sterling area, Sub-Saharan Africa, Sukhoi Su-17, Syria, Tahrir Square, Tajammu al-Arabi, Teda language, The Australian, The Contemporary Review, The Daily Telegraph, The Economist, The Green Book (Gaddafi), The Guardian, The New York Times, The Troubles, The Wall Street Journal, The Weekly Standard, Third International Theory, Third World, Tomahawk (missile family), Toyota War, Trial in absentia, Tribe, Tripoli, Libya, Tunisian revolution, Unitary state, United Nations, United Nations Security Council, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973, United States Department of State, United States of Africa, University of Colorado Boulder, Vanuatu, Vice admiral, Voice of America, Walla Zaman Ya Selahy, War in Darfur, War on terror, West Berlin discotheque bombing, Western Europe, Western world, Wheelus Air Base, William E. Gortney, Workers Revolutionary Party (UK), Workers' self-management, Yasser Arafat, Yom Kippur War, 1969 Libyan coup attempt, 1969 Libyan revolution, 1970 expulsion of Italians from Libya, 1972 Summer Olympics, 1973 oil crisis, 1985 Rome and Vienna airport attacks, 1986 United States bombing of Libya, 1994 South African general election, 20 minutes (France), 2001 Central African Republic coup attempt, 2011 Egyptian revolution, 2011 military intervention in Libya.