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History of Nigeria

Index History of Nigeria

The history of Nigeria can be traced to prehistoric settlers (Nigerians) living in the area as early as 1100 BC. [1]

249 relations: Abia State, Aboh, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Action Group (Nigeria), Addis Ababa, Adiele Afigbo, Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello, Ahmadu Bello University, Ala (odinani), All Nigeria Peoples Party, All People's Party (Nigeria), Alliance for Democracy (Nigeria), Amina, Anambra State, Anioma people, Archaeology, Aro Confederacy, Aro people, Aro-Ibibio Wars, Arochukwu, Askia Mohammad I, Atiku Abubakar, Awka, Bayajidda (mythology), Bayelsa State, Benue River, Biafra, Bida Emirate, Boko Haram, Borgu, Borno State, Bristol, British Empire, Buka Suka Dimka, C. Odumegwu Ojukwu, Calabar, Calabar River, Carthage, Central Intelligence Agency, Ceramic, Chad Basin, Charles Thurstan Shaw, Christianity in Nigeria, Chukwu, City-state, Conflict in the Niger Delta, Constituent assembly, Country, Daura, ..., Daurama, Djenné, Efik people, Ekiti State, Elizabeth II, Emmanuel Ifeajuna, Encyclopedia of African History, England, Eri (king), Ernest Shonekan, Ezaa people, Federal government of Nigeria, Ferrous metallurgy, Fertility, First Nigerian Republic, Fossil, Fourth Nigerian Republic, Fula people, Gao Empire, Gbagyi people, George Taubman Goldie, Ghana Empire, Gold, Goodluck Jonathan, Hadejia, Hausa Kingdoms, Hausa people, Hegemony, Henna, Historiography of the British Empire, History of Africa, History of Lagos, History of the Yoruba people, History of West Africa, Hunter-gatherer, Ibadan School, Ibini Ukpabi, Ibrahim Babangida, Ife, Igala people, Igbo culture, Igbo people, Igbo-Ukwu, Igboland, Igbuzo, Ilorin, Infrastructure, Iran–Iraq War, Iron Age, Islam, Islam in Nigeria, Islamic culture, Ivory, J. F. Ade Ajayi, Jaja Wachuku, Jihad, Jihadism, Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi, Jos Plateau, Jukun people (West Africa), Kabara, Daura, Kainji Dam, Kanem–Bornu Empire, Kano, Kano Chronicle, Katsina, Kebbi Emirate, Ken Saro-Wiwa, Kenneth Dike, King, Kingdom of Benin, Kingdom of Nri, Kingdom of Warri, Kola nut, Kwararafa, Lagos, Lagos Colony, Lake Chad, Landslide victory, Leather, List of heads of state of Nigeria, Liverpool, Mali Empire, Mediterranean Sea, Metalworking, Moshood Abiola, Mosque, Mother goddess, Muhammadu Buhari, Murtala Mohammed, Muslim, Napoleon, Narcotic, National Archives of Nigeria, National Assembly (Nigeria), National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons, National Democratic Coalition (Nigeria), National Party of Nigeria, National Republican Convention, National Security Commission of the Communist Party of China, Neo-Marxism, Neolithic, Niger Coast Protectorate, Niger River, Nigeria, Nigeria Labour Congress, Nigerian Army, Nigerian Civil War, Nigerian general election, 2007, Nigerian National Democratic Party, Nile, Nnamdi Azikiwe, Nok culture, North Africa, Obafemi Awolowo, Odi massacre, Odinani, Oduduwa, Ogun State, Ohafia, Oladipo Diya, Olorun, Olusegun Obasanjo, Ondo State, Onitsha, Oracle, Oral history, Owerri, Oyo Empire, Oyo State, Parliament, Pastoralism, Patrilineality, People's Democratic Party (Nigeria), Points of the compass, Political history, Port Harcourt, Portuguese Empire, President of Nigeria, Prime Minister of Nigeria, Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy, Rano, Royal Niger Company, Saburi Biobaku, Sahara, Sahel, Salt, Samuel Akintola, Sani Abacha, Sayfawa dynasty, Second Nigerian Republic, Secret trial, Senegal River, Shehu Shagari, Slavery, Slavery in Africa, Smelting, Social Democratic Party (Nigeria), Sokoto Caliphate, Songhai Empire, Sonni Ali, Speaker (politics), Subsistence agriculture, Sudan, Taboo, Taruga, Terracotta, Textile, Theocracy, Third Nigerian Republic, Timbuktu, Timeline of Ibadan, Timeline of Kano, Timeline of Lagos, Timeline of Port Harcourt, Trans-Saharan trade, Tuareg people, Ulama, Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, United Kingdom, United States Department of State, University of Ibadan, Upper Nile (state), Usman dan Fodio, West Africa, World War II, Ya'qubi, Yakubu Gowon, Yauri Emirate, Yom Kippur War, Yoruba people, Yoruba religion, Yorubaland, Zamfara State, Zaria, 1966 anti-Igbo pogrom, 1966 Nigerian counter-coup, 1966 Nigerian coup d'état, 4th millennium BC. Expand index (199 more) »

Abia State

Abia is a state in the south eastern part of Nigeria.

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Aboh

Aboh or Abo, is a city in Delta State of Nigeria.

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Abubakar Tafawa Balewa

Alhaji Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, KBE (December 1912 – 15 January 1966) was a Nigerian politician, and the first prime minister of an independent Nigeria.

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Action Group (Nigeria)

The Action Group (AG) was a Nigerian political party established in Ibadan on March 21, 1951, by Chief Obafemi Awolowo.

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Addis Ababa

Addis Ababa (አዲስ አበባ,, "new flower"; or Addis Abeba (the spelling used by the official Ethiopian Mapping Authority); Finfinne "natural spring") is the capital and largest city of Ethiopia.

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Adiele Afigbo

Adiele Eberechukwu Afigbo (22 November 1937 – 9 March 2009) was a Nigerian historian known for the history and historiography of Africa, more particularly Igbo history and the history of Southeastern Nigeria.

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Agriculture

Agriculture is the cultivation of land and breeding of animals and plants to provide food, fiber, medicinal plants and other products to sustain and enhance life.

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Ahmadu Bello

Alhaji Sir Ahmadu Bello KBE (June 12, 1910 – January 15, 1966) was a Nigerian politician who was the first and only premier of the Northern Nigeria region.

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Ahmadu Bello University

Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) is a federal government research university in Zaria, Kaduna State.

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Ala (odinani)

Ala (also known as Ani, Ana, Ale, and Ali in varying Igbo dialects) is the female Alusi (deity) of the earth, morality, fertility and creativity in Odinani.

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All Nigeria Peoples Party

The All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) was a political party in Nigeria.

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All People's Party (Nigeria)

The All People's Party (APP) is a former Nigerian political party.

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Alliance for Democracy (Nigeria)

The Alliance for Democracy was a progressive opposition political party in Nigeria.

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Amina

Amina (also Aminatu; d. 1610) was a Hausa warrior queen of Zazzau (now Zaria), in what is now in the north-west region of Nigeria.

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Anambra State

Anambra is a state in southeastern Nigeria.

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Anioma people

Anioma people are Igbo people located primarily in Delta State, Nigeria.

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Archaeology

Archaeology, or archeology, is the study of humanactivity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.

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Aro Confederacy

The Aro Confederacy (1690–1902) was a political union orchestrated by the Aro people, Igbo subgroup, centered in Arochukwu in present-day southeastern Nigeria.

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Aro people

The Aro people or Aros are an Igbo subgroup mixed with Akpa and Ibibio ancestry that originated from the Arochukwu kingdom in present-day Abia state, Nigeria.

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Aro-Ibibio Wars

The Aro-Ibibio Wars were a series of conflicts between the Aro people (subgroup of the Igbo) and several Ibibio groups in present-day Southeastern Nigeria from 1630 to 1720.

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Arochukwu

Arochukwu, sometimes referred to as Arochuku or Aro-Okigbo, (pronounced Aruchukwu) is the third largest city in Abia State (after Aba and Umuahia) in southeastern Nigeria and homeland of the Igbo subgroup, Aro people.

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Askia Mohammad I

Askia Muhammad I (ca. 1443 – 1538), born Muhammad Ture or Mohamed Toure in Futa Tooro, later called Askia, also known as Askia the Great, was an emperor, military commander, and political reformer of the Songhai Empire in the late 15th century.

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Atiku Abubakar

Atiku Abubakar, GCON (born 25 November 1946) is a Nigerian politician, businessman and philanthropist, who served as the second elected vice-president of Nigeria from 1999 to 2007, on the platform of the People's Democratic Party (PDP), with President Olusegun Obasanjo.

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Awka

Awka is the capital of Anambra State, Nigeria with an estimated population of 301,657 Nigerian census.

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Bayajidda (mythology)

"Bayajidda (Hausa: Bàyā̀jiddà) is the eponymous ancestor of the Hausa people of Nigeria and Niger.

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Bayelsa State

Bayelsa is a state in southern Nigeria in the core Niger Delta region, between Delta State and Rivers State.

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Benue River

The Benue River (la Bénoué), previously known as the Chadda River or Tchadda, is the major tributary of the Niger River.

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Biafra

Biafra, officially the Republic of Biafra, was a secessionist state in West Africa which existed from 30 May 1967 to January 1970; it was made up of the states in the Eastern Region of Nigeria.

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Bida Emirate

The Bida Emirate is a traditional state in Nigeria, a successor to the old Nupe Kingdom, with its headquarters in Bida, Niger State.

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Boko Haram

The Islamic State in West Africa (abbreviated as ISWA or ISWAP), formerly known as Jamā'at Ahl as-Sunnah lid-Da'wah wa'l-Jihād (جماعة أهل السنة للدعوة والجهاد, "Group of the People of Sunnah for Preaching and Jihad") and commonly known as Boko Haram until March 2015, is a jihadist militant organization based in northeastern Nigeria, also active in Chad, Niger and northern Cameroon.

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Borgu

Borgu (Borgou) is a region in north-west Nigeria and in the northern Republic of Benin.

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Borno State

Borno, also known as Borno State, is a state in north-eastern Nigeria.

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Bristol

Bristol is a city and county in South West England with a population of 456,000.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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Buka Suka Dimka

Lieutenant Colonel Buka Suka Dimka (Died May 15, 1976) was a Nigerian Army officer who played a leading role in the February 13, 1976 abortive military coup against the government of General Murtala Ramat Mohammed.

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C. Odumegwu Ojukwu

Chief Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu (4 November 1933 – 26 November 2011) was a Nigerian military officer and politician who served as the military governor of the Eastern Region of Nigeria in 1966 and the leader of the breakaway Republic of Biafra from 1967 to 1970.

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Calabar

Calabar (also referred to as "Canaan City") is a city in Cross River State, in south southern Nigeria.

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Calabar River

The Calabar River in Cross River State, Nigeria flows from the north past the city of Calabar, joining the larger Cross River about to the south.

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Carthage

Carthage (from Carthago; Punic:, Qart-ḥadašt, "New City") was the center or capital city of the ancient Carthaginian civilization, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now the Tunis Governorate in Tunisia.

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Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States federal government, tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT).

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Ceramic

A ceramic is a non-metallic solid material comprising an inorganic compound of metal, non-metal or metalloid atoms primarily held in ionic and covalent bonds.

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Chad Basin

The Chad Basin is the largest endorheic basin in Africa, centered on Lake Chad.

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Charles Thurstan Shaw

Charles Thurstan Shaw CBE FBA FSA (27 June 1914 – 8 March 2013), The Telegraph (UK), 9 March 2013 was an English archaeologist, the first trained specialist to work in what was then British West Africa.

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Christianity in Nigeria

Christians in Nigeria comprise 40% of the population.

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Chukwu

Chukwu is the supreme being of the Igbo religion.

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City-state

A city-state is a sovereign state, also described as a type of small independent country, that usually consists of a single city and its dependent territories.

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Conflict in the Niger Delta

The current conflict in the Niger Delta first arose in the early 1990s over tensions between foreign oil corporations and a number of the Niger Delta's minority ethnic groups who feel they are being exploited, particularly the Ogoni and the Ijaw.

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Constituent assembly

A constituent assembly or constitutional assembly is a body or assembly of popularly elected representatives composed for the purpose of drafting or adopting a document called the constitution.

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Country

A country is a region that is identified as a distinct national entity in political geography.

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Daura

Daura is a town and Local Government Area in Katsina State, northern Nigeria.

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Daurama

Daurama or Magajiya Daurama (c. 9th century) was a ruler of the Hausa Nation, as the Last Kabara of Daura she presided over the upheaval that saw a transference of power from the matriarchal royal system of the Hausa people.

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Djenné

Djenné (also Djénné, Jenné and Jenne) is a town and an urban commune in the Inland Niger Delta region of central Mali.

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Efik people

The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southeastern Nigeria, in the southern part of Cross River State.

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Ekiti State

Ekiti is a state in western Nigeria, declared a state on 1st of October 1996 alongside five other states in the country by the military under the dictatorship of General Sani Abacha.

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Elizabeth II

Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms.

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Emmanuel Ifeajuna

Emmanuel Arinze Ifeajuna (1935 – 25 September 1967) was a Nigerian army major and high jumper who played a principal role in the January 15, 1966 military coup.

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Encyclopedia of African History

The Encyclopedia of African History is a three-volume work dedicated to African history.

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England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

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Eri (king)

Eri is said to be the original legendary cultural head of the Umu-eri groups of the Igbo people.

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Ernest Shonekan

Chief Ernest Adegunle Oladeinde Shonekan (born 9 May 1936 in Lagos, Colonial Nigeria) is a British-trained Nigerian lawyer, industrialist, politician and traditional chieftain.

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Ezaa people

Ezaa/Ezza is an Igbo sub-group, in southeastern Nigeria.

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Federal government of Nigeria

The Federal Government of Nigeria is the federal government for the Federal Republic of Nigeria, a federation in West Africa, composed of 36 states, who share sovereignty with the federal government and 1 federal territory administered solely by the federal government.

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Ferrous metallurgy

Ferrous metallurgy is the metallurgy of iron and its alloys.

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Fertility

Fertility is the natural capability to produce offspring.

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First Nigerian Republic

The First Republic was the republican government of Nigeria between 1963 and 1966 governed by the first republican constitution.

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Fossil

A fossil (from Classical Latin fossilis; literally, "obtained by digging") is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.

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Fourth Nigerian Republic

The Fourth Republic is the republican government of Nigeria.

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Fula people

The Fula people or Fulani or Fulany or Fulɓe (Fulɓe; Peul; Fulani or Hilani; Fula; Pël; Fulaw), numbering between 40 and 50 million people in total, are one of the largest ethnic groups in the Sahel and West Africa, widely dispersed across the region.

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Gao Empire

The Gao Empire precedes that of the Songhai Empire in the region of the Middle Niger.

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Gbagyi people

Gbagyi or Gbari (plural - Agbagyi) is the name and the language of Gbagyi/Gbari ethnic group who are predominantly found in Central Nigeria, with a population of about 15 million people.

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George Taubman Goldie

Sir George Dashwood Taubman Goldie (20 May 1846 – 20 August 1925) was a Manx administrator who played a major role in the founding of Nigeria.

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Ghana Empire

The Ghana Empire (700 until 1240), properly known as Awkar (Ghana or Ga'na being the title of its ruler), was located in the area of present-day southeastern Mauritania and western Mali.

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Gold

Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from aurum) and atomic number 79, making it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally.

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Goodluck Jonathan

Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan (born 20 November 1957)Lawson Heyford,, The Source (Lagos), 11 December 2006.

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Hadejia

Hadejia (also Hadeja, previously Biram) is a Hausa town in eastern Jigawa State, northern Nigeria.

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Hausa Kingdoms

The Hausa Kingdom, also known as Hausaland, was a collection of states started by the Hausa people, situated between the Niger River and Lake Chad (modern day northern Nigeria).

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Hausa people

The Hausa (autonyms for singular: Bahaushe (m), Bahaushiya (f); plural: Hausawa and general: Hausa; exonyms: Ausa) are one of the largest ethnic groups in Africa.

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Hegemony

Hegemony (or) is the political, economic, or military predominance or control of one state over others.

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Henna

Henna (حِنَّاء) is a dye prepared from the plant Lawsonia inermis, also known as hina, the henna tree, the mignonette tree, and the Egyptian privet, the sole species of the genus Lawsonia.

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Historiography of the British Empire

The historiography of the British Empire refers to the studies, sources, critical methods and interpretations used by scholars to develop a history of Britain's empire.

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History of Africa

The history of Africa begins with the emergence of hominids, archaic humans and – around 5.6 to 7.5 million years ago.

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History of Lagos

Lagos is the largest city and former capital of Nigeria and the largest megacity on the African continent in terms of population " Approx.

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History of the Yoruba people

The documented history of the Yoruba people begins with the Oyo Empire, which became dominant in the early 17th century.

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History of West Africa

The history of West Africa began with the first human settlements around 4,000 BCE.

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Hunter-gatherer

A hunter-gatherer is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals), in contrast to agricultural societies, which rely mainly on domesticated species.

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Ibadan School

The Ibadan School was the first, and for many years the dominant, school in the study of the history of Nigeria.

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Ibini Ukpabi

The Ibini Ukpabi was an oracle of the Aro Confederacy of what is now south eastern Nigeria.

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Ibrahim Babangida

Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida (born 17 August 1941), is a retired Nigerian Army General who was President of Nigeria from 27 August 1985 to 26 August 1993.

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Ife

Ife (Ifè, also Ilé-Ifẹ̀) is an ancient Yoruba city in south-western Nigeria.

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Igala people

The Igala are an ethnic group of Nigeria.

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Igbo culture

Igbo culture are the customs, practices and traditions of the Igbo people of southeastern Nigeria.

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Igbo people

The Igbo people (also Ibo," formerly also Iboe, Ebo, Eboe, Eboans, Heebo; natively Ṇ́dị́ Ìgbò) are an ethnic group native to the present-day south-central and southeastern Nigeria.

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Igbo-Ukwu

Igbo-Ukwu (Igbo: Great Igbo) is a town in the Nigerian state of Anambra in the southeastern part of the country.

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Igboland

Igboland (Standard), also known as Southeastern Nigeria, is the indigenous homeland of the Igbo people.

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Igbuzo

Igbuzo, also known as Ibusa is a community in Delta State, Nigeria, founded in 1450.

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Ilorin

Ilorin is the state capital of Kwara in Western Nigeria.

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Infrastructure

Infrastructure is the fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or other area, including the services and facilities necessary for its economy to function.

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Iran–Iraq War

The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq, beginning on 22 September 1980, when Iraq invaded Iran, and ending on 20 August 1988, when Iran accepted the UN-brokered ceasefire.

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Iron Age

The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age system, preceded by the Stone Age (Neolithic) and the Bronze Age.

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Islam

IslamThere are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or, and whether the a is pronounced, or (when the stress is on the first syllable) (Merriam Webster).

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Islam in Nigeria

Nigeria has the largest Muslim population in West Africa, with the Pew Research Center estimating that it is between 48.5% (2010) and 50.4% (2009).

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Islamic culture

Islamic culture is a term primarily used in secular academia to describe the cultural practices common to historically Islamic people -- i.e., the culture of the Islamicate.

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Ivory

Ivory is a hard, white material from the tusks (traditionally elephants') and teeth of animals, that can be used in art or manufacturing.

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J. F. Ade Ajayi

Jacob Festus Adeniyi Ajayi, commonly known as J. F. Ade Ajayi, (26 May 1929 – 9 August 2014) was a Nigerian historian and a member of the Ibadan school, a group of scholars interested in introducing African perspectives to African history and focusing on the internal historical forces that shaped African lives.

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Jaja Wachuku

Jaja Anucha Wachuku (1 January 1918 – 7 November 1996), a Royal Prince of Ngwaland, "descendant of 20 generations of African chiefs in the Igbo country of Eastern Nigeria", was a Pan-Africanist, and a Nigerian statesman, lawyer, politician, diplomat and humanitarian.

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Jihad

Jihad (جهاد) is an Arabic word which literally means striving or struggling, especially with a praiseworthy aim.

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Jihadism

The term "Jihadism" (also "jihadist movement", "jihadi movement" and variants) is a 21st-century neologism found in Western languages to describe Islamist militant movements perceived as military movements "rooted in Islam" and "existentially threatening" to the West.

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Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi

Johnson Thomas Umunnakwe Aguiyi-Ironsi (3 March 1924 – 29 July 1966) was a senior Nigerian military officer and the first Nigerian Military Head of State.

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Jos Plateau

The Jos Plateau is a plateau located near the centre of Nigeria.

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Jukun people (West Africa)

Jukun are an ethno-linguistic group or ethnic nation in West Africa.

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Kabara, Daura

"Kabara" and or "Magajiya" is the title used by the matriarchal monarchs that ruled the Hausa people in prehistoric times.

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Kainji Dam

Kainji Dam is a dam across the Niger River in Niger State of Northern Nigeria.

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Kanem–Bornu Empire

The Kanem–Bornu Empire was an empire that existed in modern Chad and Nigeria.

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Kano

Kano is the state capital of Kano State in North West, Nigeria.

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Kano Chronicle

The Kano Chronicle is a written account of the history of the Hausa people who inhabit northern Nigeria.

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Katsina

Katsina is a city (formerly a city-state) and a Local Government Area in northern Nigeria and is the capital of Katsina State.

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Kebbi Emirate

The Kebbi Emirate, also known as the Argungu Emirate is a traditional state based on the town of Argungu in Kebbi State, Nigeria.

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Ken Saro-Wiwa

Kenule Beeson "Ken" Saro-Wiwa (10 October 1941 – 10 November 1995) was a Nigerian writer, television producer, environmental activist, and winner of the Right Livelihood Award and the Goldman Environmental Prize.

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Kenneth Dike

Kenneth Onwuka Dike (17 December 1917 – 26 October 1983) was an Igbo Nigerian historian and the first Nigerian Vice-Chancellor of the nation's premier college, the University of Ibadan.

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King

King, or King Regnant is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts.

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Kingdom of Benin

The Kingdom of Benin, also known as the Benin Kingdom, was a pre-colonial kingdom in what is now southern Nigeria.

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Kingdom of Nri

The Kingdom of Nri was a medieval polity.

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Kingdom of Warri

The Kingdom of Warri is a traditional state based on the town of Warri in Delta State, Nigeria.

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Kola nut

The kola nut is the fruit of the kola tree, a genus (Cola) of trees that are native to the tropical rainforests of Africa.

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Kwararafa

Kororofa (Kwararafa in Hausa diction) was a multiethnic state and/or confederacy centered along the Benue River valley in what is today central Nigeria.

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Lagos

Lagos is a city in the Nigerian state of Lagos.

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Lagos Colony

Lagos Colony was a British colonial possession centred on the port of Lagos in what is now southern Nigeria.

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Lake Chad

Lake Chad (French: Lac Tchad) is a historically large, shallow, endorheic lake in Africa, which has varied in size over the centuries.

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Landslide victory

A landslide victory is an electoral victory in a political system, when one candidate or party receives an overwhelming supermajority of the votes or seats in the elected body, thus utterly eliminating the opponents.

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Leather

Leather is a durable and flexible material created by tanning animal rawhides, mostly cattle hide.

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List of heads of state of Nigeria

This is a list of the heads of state of Nigeria, from independence in 1960 to the present day.

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Liverpool

Liverpool is a city in North West England, with an estimated population of 491,500 in 2017.

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Mali Empire

The Mali Empire (Manding: Nyeni or Niani; also historically referred to as the Manden Kurufaba, sometimes shortened to Manden) was an empire in West Africa from 1230 to 1670.

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Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa and on the east by the Levant.

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Metalworking

Metalworking is the process of working with metals to create individual parts, assemblies, or large-scale structures.

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Moshood Abiola

Chief Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola, GCFR (24 August 1937 – 7 July 1998) was a Nigerian Yoruba businessman, publisher, politician and aristocrat of the Yoruba Egba clan.

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Mosque

A mosque (from masjid) is a place of worship for Muslims.

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Mother goddess

A mother goddess is a goddess who represents, or is a personification of nature, motherhood, fertility, creation, destruction or who embodies the bounty of the Earth.

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Muhammadu Buhari

Muhammadu Buhari is the President of Nigeria, in office since 2015.

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Murtala Mohammed

Murtala Rufai Ramat Muhammed (November 8, 1938 – February 13, 1976) was the military ruler (Head of the Federal Military Government) of Nigeria from 1975 until his assassination in 1976.

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Muslim

A Muslim (مُسلِم) is someone who follows or practices Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion.

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Napoleon

Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Narcotic

The term narcotic (from ancient Greek ναρκῶ narkō, "to make numb") originally referred medically to any psychoactive compound with sleep-inducing properties.

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National Archives of Nigeria

The National Archives of Nigeria is headquartered in Abuja, Nigeria, with branches in Enugu, Ibadan, and Kaduna.

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National Assembly (Nigeria)

The National Assembly of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is a bicameral legislature established under section 4 of the Nigerian Constitution.

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National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons

The National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC), was a Nigerian political party from 1944 to 1966, during the period leading up to independence and immediately following independence.

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National Democratic Coalition (Nigeria)

The National Democratic Coalition (NADECO) was formed on May 15, 1994 by a broad coalition of Nigerian democrats, who called on the military government of Sani Abacha to step down in favor of the winner of the June 12, 1993 election, M. K. O. Abiola.

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National Party of Nigeria

The National Party of Nigeria (NPN) (now defunct) was the dominant political party in Nigeria during the Second Republic (1979–1983).

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National Republican Convention

The National Republican Convention was a Nigerian political party established by the government of General Ibrahim Babangida and ultimately disbanded by the incoming military regime of General Sani Abacha in 1993.

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National Security Commission of the Communist Party of China

The Central National Security Commission (abbreviated CNSC) of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was established at the 3rd Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee in November 2013, and was considered a "major regrouping of the top CCP power structure." The factors driving the establishment of the CNSC were security challenges faced by the Chinese Party-State, and the deficiencies of the current system The CNSC aims to consolidate political leadership of all components of the security apparatus controlled by the Communist Party, including those headed formerly by former Politburo Standing Committee member Zhou Yongkang.

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Neo-Marxism

Neo-Marxism is a broad term encompasing twentieth-century approaches that amend or extend Marxism and Marxist theory, typically by incorporating elements from other intellectual traditions such as critical theory, psychoanalysis, or existentialism (in the case of Jean-Paul Sartre).

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Neolithic

The Neolithic was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 10,200 BC, according to the ASPRO chronology, in some parts of Western Asia, and later in other parts of the world and ending between 4500 and 2000 BC.

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Niger Coast Protectorate

The Niger Coast Protectorate was a British protectorate in the Oil Rivers area of present-day Nigeria, originally established as the Oil Rivers Protectorate in 1884 and confirmed at the Berlin Conference the following year, renamed on 12 May 1893, and merged with the chartered territories of the Royal Niger Company on 1 January 1900 to form the Southern Nigeria Protectorate.

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Niger River

The Niger River is the principal river of West Africa, extending about.

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Nigeria

Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria is a federal republic in West Africa, bordering Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north.

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Nigeria Labour Congress

Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC) is an umbrella organization for trade unions in Nigeria.

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Nigerian Army

The Nigerian Army (NA) is the largest component of the Nigerian Armed Forces, and responsible for land warfare operations.

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Nigerian Civil War

The Nigerian Civil War, commonly known as the Biafran War (6 July 1967 – 15 January 1970), was a war fought between the government of Nigeria and the secessionist state of Biafra.

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Nigerian general election, 2007

The Nigerian general elections of 2007 were held on 14 April and 21 April 2007.

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Nigerian National Democratic Party

The Nigerian National Democratic Party (NNDP) was Nigeria's first political party.

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Nile

The Nile River (النيل, Egyptian Arabic en-Nīl, Standard Arabic an-Nīl; ⲫⲓⲁⲣⲱ, P(h)iaro; Ancient Egyptian: Ḥ'pī and Jtrw; Biblical Hebrew:, Ha-Ye'or or, Ha-Shiḥor) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa, and is commonly regarded as the longest river in the world, though some sources cite the Amazon River as the longest.

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Nnamdi Azikiwe

Chief Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe, PC, PhD (16 November 1904 – 11 May 1996), usually referred to as Nnamdi Azikiwe or Zik, was a Nigerian statesman who served as the first President of Nigeria from 1963 to 1966, holding the presidency throughout the Nigerian First Republic.

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Nok culture

The Nok culture is an early Iron Age population whose material remains are named after the Ham village of Nok in Kaduna State of Nigeria, where their famous terracotta sculptures were first discovered in 1928.

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North Africa

North Africa is a collective term for a group of Mediterranean countries and territories situated in the northern-most region of the African continent.

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Obafemi Awolowo

Chief Obafemi Jeremiah Oyeniyi Awolowo, GCFR (6 March 1909 – 9 May 1987), was a Nigerian nationalist and statesman who played a key role in Nigeria's independence movement, the First and Second Republics and the Civil War.

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Odi massacre

The Odi massacre was an attack carried out on November 20, 1999, by the Nigerian military on the predominantly Ijaw town of Odi in Bayelsa State.

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Odinani

Odinani comprises the traditional religious practices and cultural beliefs of the Igbo people of southern Nigeria.

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Oduduwa

Oduduwa, was not only the first ruler of a unified Ife, but also the progenitor of various independent royal dynasties in Yorubaland, and is today venerated as "the hero, the warrior, the leader and father of the Yoruba race".

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Ogun State

Ogun State is a state in southwestern Nigeria.

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Ohafia

Ohafia is a clan as well as a local government area in Abia State, Nigeria.

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Oladipo Diya

Donaldson Oladipo Diya (born 3 April 1944) is a retired Lt.

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Olorun

Olorun (Yoruba: Ọlọrun or Ọlọhun), literally the ruler of (or in) the Heavens, is the name given to one of the three manifestations of the Supreme God in the Yoruba pantheon.

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Olusegun Obasanjo

Chief Olusegun Mathew Okikiola Aremu Obasanjo, GCFR, Ph.D. (Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́; born 5 May 1937) is a former Nigerian Army general who was President of Nigeria from 1999 to 2007.

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Ondo State

Ondo or Ondo State is a state in Nigeria created on 3 February 1976 from the former Western State.

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Onitsha

Onitsha (or just Ọ̀nị̀chà) is a city located on the eastern bank of the Niger River, in Nigeria's Anambra State.

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Oracle

In classical antiquity, an oracle was a person or agency considered to provide wise and insightful counsel or prophetic predictions or precognition of the future, inspired by the god.

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Oral history

Oral history is the collection and study of historical information about individuals, families, important events, or everyday life using audiotapes, videotapes, or transcriptions of planned interviews.

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Owerri

Owerri is the capital of Imo State in Nigeria, set in the heart of Igboland.

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Oyo Empire

The Oyo Empire was a Yoruba empire of what is today Western and North central Nigeria.

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Oyo State

Oyo, usually referred to as Oyo State to distinguish it from the city of Oyo, is an inland state in south-western Nigeria, with its capital at Ibadan.

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Parliament

In modern politics and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government.

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Pastoralism

Pastoralism is the branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock.

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Patrilineality

Patrilineality, also known as the male line, the spear side or agnatic kinship, is a common kinship system in which an individual's family membership derives from and is recorded through his or her father's lineage.

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People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)

The People's Democratic Party (PDP) is a major contemporary political party in Nigeria.

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Points of the compass

The points of the compass mark the divisions on a compass, which is primarily divided into four points: north, south, east, and west.

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Political history

Political history is the narrative and analysis of political events, ideas, movements, organs of government, voters, parties and leaders.

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Port Harcourt

Port Harcourt (Ikwerre: Ígúọ́cha; Pidgin: Po-ta-kot) is the capital and largest city of Rivers State, Nigeria.

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Portuguese Empire

The Portuguese Empire (Império Português), also known as the Portuguese Overseas (Ultramar Português) or the Portuguese Colonial Empire (Império Colonial Português), was one of the largest and longest-lived empires in world history and the first colonial empire of the Renaissance.

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President of Nigeria

The President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is the head of state and head of the national executive of Nigeria.

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Prime Minister of Nigeria

The Prime Minister of Nigeria was the head of government of Nigeria from 1960 to 1966.

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Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy

Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy, (Alexandra Helen Elizabeth Olga Christabel; born 25 December 1936) is a member of the British royal family.

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Rano

Rano is a Local Government Area in Kano State, Nigeria.

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Royal Niger Company

The Royal Niger Company was a mercantile company chartered by the British government in the nineteenth century.

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Saburi Biobaku

Saburi Oladeni Biobaku (1918–2001) was a Nigerian scholar, historian and politician who was among a set of Yoruba historians who followed the pioneering effort of Samuel Johnson in setting the foundations of Yoruba historiography and creating reference notes of indigenous African historical literature.

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Sahara

The Sahara (الصحراء الكبرى,, 'the Great Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic.

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Sahel

The Sahel is the ecoclimatic and biogeographic zone of transition in Africa between the Sahara to the north and the Sudanian Savanna to the south.

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Salt

Salt, table salt or common salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl), a chemical compound belonging to the larger class of salts; salt in its natural form as a crystalline mineral is known as rock salt or halite.

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Samuel Akintola

Chief Samuel Ládòkè Akíntọ́lá or "S.L.A."(July 6, 1910 – January 15, 1966) was a Nigerian politician, lawyer, aristocrat and orator who was born in Ogbomosho, of the then Western Region.

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Sani Abacha

Sani Abacha (20 September 1943 – 8 June 1998) was a Nigerian Army officer and politician who served as the ''de facto'' President of Nigeria from 1993 to 1998.

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Sayfawa dynasty

Sayfawa dynasty or more properly Sefuwa dynasty is the name of the kings (or mai, as they called themselves) of the Kanem–Bornu Empire, centered first in Kanem in western Chad, and then, after 1380, in Borno (today north-eastern Nigeria).

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Second Nigerian Republic

Following the assassination of Nigerian military Head of State, General Murtala Mohammed in 1976, his successor General Olusegun Obasanjo initiated the transition process to terminate military rule in 1979.

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Secret trial

A secret trial is a trial that is not open to the public, nor generally reported in the news, especially any in-trial proceedings.

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Senegal River

The Senegal River (نهر السنغال, Fleuve Sénégal) is a long river in West Africa that forms the border between Senegal and Mauritania.

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Shehu Shagari

Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari, (born February 25, 1925) served as the first and only President of Nigeria's Second Republic (1979–1983), after the handover of power by General Olusegun Obasanjo's military government.

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Slavery

Slavery is any system in which principles of property law are applied to people, allowing individuals to own, buy and sell other individuals, as a de jure form of property.

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Slavery in Africa

Slavery has historically been widespread in Africa, and still continues today in some countries.

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Smelting

Smelting is a process of applying heat to ore in order to melt out a base metal.

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Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)

The Social Democratic Party of Nigeria, popularly known as SDP, was established as a political party to encompass the ideals of a center left political organization.

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Sokoto Caliphate

The Sokoto Caliphate was an independent Islamic Sunni Caliphate, in West Africa.

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Songhai Empire

The Songhai Empire (also transliterated as Songhay) was a state that dominated the western Sahel in the 15th and 16th century.

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Sonni Ali

Sunni Ali, also known as Sunni Ali Ber, was born Ali Kolon.

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Speaker (politics)

The speaker of a deliberative assembly, especially a legislative body, is its presiding officer, or the chair.

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Subsistence agriculture

Subsistence agriculture is a self-sufficiency farming system in which the farmers focus on growing enough food to feed themselves and their entire families.

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Sudan

The Sudan or Sudan (السودان as-Sūdān) also known as North Sudan since South Sudan's independence and officially the Republic of the Sudan (جمهورية السودان Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān), is a country in Northeast Africa.

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Taboo

In any given society, a taboo is an implicit prohibition or strong discouragement against something (usually against an utterance or behavior) based on a cultural feeling that it is either too repulsive or dangerous, or, perhaps, too sacred for ordinary people.

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Taruga

Taruga is an archeological site in Nigeria famous for the artifacts of the Nok culture that have been discovered there, some dating to 600 BC, and for evidence of very early iron working.

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Terracotta

Terracotta, terra cotta or terra-cotta (Italian: "baked earth", from the Latin terra cocta), a type of earthenware, is a clay-based unglazed or glazed ceramic, where the fired body is porous.

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Textile

A textile is a flexible material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres (yarn or thread).

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Theocracy

Theocracy is a form of government in which a deity is the source from which all authority derives.

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Third Nigerian Republic

The Third Republic was the planned republican government of Nigeria in 1993 which was to be governed by the Third Republican constitution.

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Timbuktu

Timbuktu, also spelt Tinbuktu, Timbuctoo and Timbuktoo (Tombouctou; Koyra Chiini: Tumbutu), is an ancient city in Mali, situated north of the Niger River.

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Timeline of Ibadan

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

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Timeline of Kano

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Kano, Nigeria.

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Timeline of Lagos

The following is a timeline of the history of the metropolis of Lagos, Nigeria.

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Timeline of Port Harcourt

This is a timeline of the history of Port Harcourt, the capital of Rivers State, Nigeria.

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Trans-Saharan trade

Trans-Saharan trade requires travel across the Sahara (north and south) to reach sub-Saharan Africa from the North African coast, Europe, to the Levant.

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Tuareg people

The Tuareg people (also spelt Twareg or Touareg; endonym: Kel Tamasheq, Kel Tagelmust) are a large Berber ethnic confederation.

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Ulama

The Arabic term ulama (علماء., singular عالِم, "scholar", literally "the learned ones", also spelled ulema; feminine: alimah and uluma), according to the Encyclopedia of Islam (2000), in its original meaning "denotes scholars of almost all disciplines".

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Umaru Musa Yar'Adua

Umaru Musa Yar'Adua (16 August 19515 May 2010) was the 13th president of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United States Department of State

The United States Department of State (DOS), often referred to as the State Department, is the United States federal executive department that advises the President and represents the country in international affairs and foreign policy issues.

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University of Ibadan

The University of Ibadan (UI) is the oldest Nigerian university, and is located five miles (8 kilometres) from the centre of the major city of Ibadan in Western Nigeria.

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Upper Nile (state)

Upper Nile was one of the states of South Sudan.

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Usman dan Fodio

Shaihu Usman dan Fodio, born Usuman ɓii Foduye, (also referred to as عثمان بن فودي, Shaikh Usman Ibn Fodio, Shehu Uthman Dan Fuduye, Shehu Usman dan Fodio or Shaikh Uthman Ibn Fodio) (15 December 1754, Senegal – 20 April 1817, Sokoto) was a religious teacher, writer and Islamic promoter, and the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate.

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West Africa

West Africa, also called Western Africa and the West of Africa, is the westernmost region of Africa.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Ya'qubi

Ahmad ibn Abu Ya'qub ibn Ja'far ibn Wahb Ibn Wadih al-Ya'qubi (died 897/8), known as Ahmad al-Ya'qubi, or Ya'qubi (اليعقوبي), was a Muslim geographer and perhaps the first historian of world culture in the Abbasid Caliphate.

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Yakubu Gowon

General Yakubu "Jack" Dan-Yumma Gowon (born 19 October 1934) is the former head of state (Head of the Federal Military Government) of Nigeria from 1966 to 1975.

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Yauri Emirate

Yauri (or Yawuri) is an emirate in Nigeria's Kebbi State, occupying the Yauri Local Government Area.

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Yom Kippur War

The Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War, or October War (or מלחמת יום כיפור,;,, or حرب تشرين), also known as the 1973 Arab–Israeli War, was a war fought from October 6 to 25, 1973, by a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria against Israel.

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Yoruba people

The Yoruba people (name spelled also: Ioruba or Joruba;, lit. 'Yoruba lineage'; also known as Àwon omo Yorùbá, lit. 'Children of Yoruba', or simply as the Yoruba) are an ethnic group of southwestern and north-central Nigeria, as well as southern and central Benin.

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Yoruba religion

The Yoruba religion comprises the traditional religious and spiritual concepts and practices of the Yoruba people.

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Yorubaland

Yorubaland is the cultural region of the Yoruba people in West Africa.

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Zamfara State

Zamfara is a state in northwestern Nigeria.

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Zaria

Zaria is a major city in Kaduna State in northern Nigeria, as well as being a Local Government Area.

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1966 anti-Igbo pogrom

The 1966 anti-Igbo pogrom was a series of massacres committed against Igbo people and other people of southern Nigerian origin living in northern Nigeria starting in May 1966 and reaching a peak after 29 September 1966.

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1966 Nigerian counter-coup

The Nigerian counter-coup of 1966, or the so-called "July Rematch", was the second of many military coups in Nigeria.

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1966 Nigerian coup d'état

The 1966 Nigerian coup d'état began on January 15, 1966, when mutinous Nigerian soldiers led by Kaduna Nzeogwu and Emmanuel Ifeajuna killed 22 people including the Prime Minister of Nigeria, many senior politicians, many senior Army officers (including their wives), and sentinels on protective duty.

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4th millennium BC

The 4th millennium BC spanned the years 4000 through 3001 BC.

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Redirects here:

British Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria, Cia activities in nigeria, History of Nigeria (1979-1999), History of Nigeria (1979-99), History of Nigeria (1979–1999), History of Nigeria (1979–99), History of nigeria, Nigeria/History, Nigerian history.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Nigeria

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