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118 relations: A. C. Gimson, Advanced and retracted tongue root, Adyghe language, Alexander John Ellis, Alexander Melville Bell, Alveolar and postalveolar approximants, Alveolar clicks, American Speech, Americanist phonetic notation, Apical consonant, Approximant consonant, Aspirated consonant, Back-released velar click, Bilabial clicks, Bilabial trill, Breve, Cardinal vowels, Close central rounded vowel, Close central unrounded vowel, Close-mid back unrounded vowel, Close-mid central rounded vowel, Close-mid central unrounded vowel, Co-articulated consonant, Communication Monographs, Creaky voice, Creative Commons license, Daniel Jones (phonetician), David Abercrombie (linguist), DejaVu fonts, Dental and alveolar lateral flaps, Dental clicks, Dental, alveolar and postalveolar trills, Distinctive feature, Dot (diacritic), Doulos SIL, Downstep, Ejective consonant, Emphatic consonant, Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, English Phonotypic Alphabet, Epiglottal stop, Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet, Extra-short, Fricative consonant, Glottal stop, Henry Sweet, Implosive consonant, International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association, International Phonetic Alphabet, International Phonetic Association, ..., Isaac Pitman, Isosceles trapezoid, J. C. Catford, John Samuel Kenyon, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, Khoisan languages, Kiel, Labialization, Labiodental approximant, Labiodental flap, Labiodental nasal, Laminal consonant, Language Sciences, Lateral clicks, Lateral release (phonetics), Linguolabial consonant, Mid central vowel, Murmured voice, Nasal release, Nasal vowel, Near-close back rounded vowel, Near-close front rounded vowel, Near-close front unrounded vowel, Obsolete and nonstandard symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet, Ogonek, Open central unrounded vowel, Open-mid central rounded vowel, Open-mid central unrounded vowel, Otto Jespersen, Palaeotype alphabet, Palatalization (phonetics), Paris, Paul Passy, Pharyngealization, R-colored vowel, Retroflex approximant, Retroflex consonant, Romic alphabet, Roundedness, Semivowel, Spoken language, Tenseness, The World's Writing Systems, Tie (typography), Tilde, TIPA (software), Tone letter, Transactions of the Philological Society, Unreleased stop, Upstep, Velarization, Visible Speech, Voiced bilabial fricative, Voiced dental and alveolar lateral fricatives, Voiced labiodental fricative, Voiced palatal fricative, Voiced pharyngeal fricative, Voiced velar approximant, Voiced velar fricative, Voiced velar lateral approximant, Voiced velar lateral fricative, Voiceless bilabial fricative, Voiceless epiglottal trill, Voiceless labialized velar approximant, Voiceless palatal lateral fricative, Voiceless pharyngeal fricative, Voiceless velar lateral fricative, West Germany. Expand index (68 more) »
A. C. Gimson
Alfred Charles "Gim" Gimson (7 June 1917 – 22 April 1985) was an English phonetician.
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Advanced and retracted tongue root
In phonetics, advanced tongue root and retracted tongue root, abbreviated ATR or RTR, are contrasting states of the root of the tongue during the pronunciation of vowels in some languages, especially in Western and Eastern Africa but also in Kazakh and Mongolian.
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Adyghe language
Adyghe (or; Adyghe: Адыгабзэ, Adygabzæ), also known as West Circassian (КӀахыбзэ, K’axybzæ), is one of the two official languages of the Republic of Adygea in the Russian Federation, the other being Russian. It is spoken by various tribes of the Adyghe people: Abzekh, Adamey, Bzhedug, Hatuqwai, Temirgoy, Mamkhegh, Natekuay, Shapsug, Zhaney and Yegerikuay, each with its own dialect. The language is referred to by its speakers as Adygebze or Adəgăbză, and alternatively transliterated in English as Adygean, Adygeyan or Adygei. The literary language is based on the Temirgoy dialect. There are apparently around 128,000 speakers of Adyghe in Russia, almost all of them native speakers. In total, some 300,000 speak it worldwide. The largest Adyghe-speaking community is in Turkey, spoken by the post Russian–Circassian War (circa 1763–1864) diaspora; in addition to that, the Adyghe language is spoken by the Cherkesogai in Krasnodar Krai. Adyghe belongs to the family of Northwest Caucasian languages. Kabardian (also known as East Circassian) is a very close relative, treated by some as a dialect of Adyghe or of an overarching Circassian language. Ubykh, Abkhaz and Abaza are somewhat more distantly related to Adyghe. The language was standardised after the October Revolution in 1917. Since 1936, the Cyrillic script has been used to write Adyghe. Before that, an Arabic-based alphabet was used together with the Latin.
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Alexander John Ellis
Alexander John Ellis, (14 June 1814 – 28 October 1890) was an English mathematician, philologist and early phonetician, who also influenced the field of musicology.
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Alexander Melville Bell
Alexander Melville Bell (1 March 18197 August 1905) was a teacher and researcher of physiological phonetics and was the author of numerous works on orthoepy and elocution.
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Alveolar and postalveolar approximants
The alveolar approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages.
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Alveolar clicks
The alveolar or postalveolar clicks are a family of click consonants found only in Africa and in the Damin ritual jargon of Australia.
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American Speech
American Speech is a quarterly academic journal of the American Dialect Society, established in 1925 and published by Duke University Press.
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Americanist phonetic notation
Americanist phonetic notation, also known as the North American Phonetic Alphabet or NAPA, is a system of phonetic notation originally developed by European and American anthropologists and language scientists (many of whom were students of Neogrammarians) for the phonetic and phonemic transcription of indigenous languages of the Americas and for languages of Europe.
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Apical consonant
An apical consonant is a phone (speech sound) produced by obstructing the air passage with the tip of the tongue.
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Approximant consonant
Approximants are speech sounds that involve the articulators approaching each other but not narrowly enough nor with enough articulatory precision to create turbulent airflow.
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Aspirated consonant
In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of breath that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents.
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Back-released velar click
A velar click, or more precisely a back-released velar click, is any of a family of click consonants found in paralinguistic use in several languages of Africa such as Wolof.
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Bilabial clicks
The labial or bilabial clicks are a family of click consonants that sound something like a smack of the lips.
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Bilabial trill
The bilabial trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Breve
A breve (less often;; neuter form of the Latin brevis “short, brief”) is the diacritic mark ˘, shaped like the bottom half of a circle.
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Cardinal vowels
Cardinal vowels are a set of reference vowels used by phoneticians in describing the sounds of languages.
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Close central rounded vowel
The close central rounded vowel, or high central rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages.
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Close central unrounded vowel
The close central unrounded vowel, or high central unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some languages.
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Close-mid back unrounded vowel
The close-mid back unrounded vowel, or high-mid back unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Close-mid central rounded vowel
The close-mid central rounded vowel, or high-mid central rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound.
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Close-mid central unrounded vowel
The close-mid central unrounded vowel, or high-mid central unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Co-articulated consonant
Co-articulated consonants or complex consonants are consonants produced with two simultaneous places of articulation.
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Communication Monographs
Communication Monographs is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on human communication.
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Creaky voice
In linguistics, creaky voice (sometimes called laryngealisation, pulse phonation, vocal fry, or glottal fry) is a special kind of phonation in which the arytenoid cartilages in the larynx are drawn together; as a result, the vocal folds are compressed rather tightly, becoming relatively slack and compact.
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Creative Commons license
A Creative Commons (CC) license is one of several public copyright licenses that enable the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted work.
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Daniel Jones (phonetician)
Daniel Jones (12 September 1881 – 4 December 1967) was a London-born British phonetician who studied under Paul Passy, professor of phonetics at the École des Hautes Études at the Sorbonne (University of Paris).
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David Abercrombie (linguist)
David Abercrombie (19 December 1909 – 4 July 1992) was a British phonetician who established the Department of Phonetics at the University of Edinburgh.
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DejaVu fonts
The DejaVu fonts are modifications of the Bitstream Vera fonts designed for greater coverage of Unicode, as well as providing more styles.
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Dental and alveolar lateral flaps
The alveolar lateral flap is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Dental clicks
Dental (or more precisely denti-alveolar) clicks are a family of click consonants found, as constituents of words, only in Africa and in the Damin ritual jargon of Australia.
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Dental, alveolar and postalveolar trills
The alveolar trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in many spoken languages.
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Distinctive feature
In linguistics, a distinctive feature is the most basic unit of phonological structure that may be analyzed in phonological theory.
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Dot (diacritic)
When used as a diacritic mark, the term dot is usually reserved for the Interpunct (·), or to the glyphs 'combining dot above' (◌̇) and 'combining dot below' (◌̣) which may be combined with some letters of the extended Latin alphabets in use in Central European languages and Vietnamese.
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Doulos SIL
Doulos SIL is a serif typeface developed by SIL International, very similar to Times or Times New Roman.
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Downstep
Downstep is a phenomenon in tone languages in which if two syllables have the same tone (for example, both with a high tone or both with a low tone), the second syllable is lower in pitch than the first.
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Ejective consonant
In phonetics, ejective consonants are usually voiceless consonants that are pronounced with a glottalic egressive airstream.
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Emphatic consonant
In Semitic linguistics, an emphatic consonant is an obstruent consonant which originally contrasted with series of both voiced and voiceless obstruents.
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Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics
The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, first published in 1994, with a 2nd edition in 2006, is an encyclopedia of all matters related to language and linguistics.
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English Phonotypic Alphabet
The English Phonotypic Alphabet is a phonetic alphabet developed by Sir Isaac Pitman and Alexander John Ellis originally as an English language spelling reform.
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Epiglottal stop
The epiglottal or pharyngeal stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet
The extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet, also extIPA symbols for disordered speech or simply extIPA, are a set of letters and diacritics devised by the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association to augment the International Phonetic Alphabet for the phonetic transcription of disordered speech.
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Extra-short
The International Phonetic Alphabet uses a breve,, to indicate a speech sound (usually a vowel) with less than normal or extra short duration.
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Fricative consonant
Fricatives are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together.
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Glottal stop
The glottal stop is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages, produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract or, more precisely, the glottis.
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Henry Sweet
Henry Sweet (15 September 1845 – 30 April 1912) was an English philologist, phonetician and grammarian.
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Implosive consonant
Implosive consonants are a group of stop consonants (and possibly also some affricates) with a mixed glottalic ingressive and pulmonic egressive airstream mechanism.
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International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association
The International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association (ICPLA) is an international scholarly association dedicated to the study of speech disorders and language disorders.
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International Phonetic Alphabet
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet.
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International Phonetic Association
The International Phonetic Association (IPA; in French, Association phonétique internationale, API) is an organization that promotes the scientific study of phonetics and the various practical applications of that science.
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Isaac Pitman
Sir Isaac Pitman (4 January 1813 – 22 January 1897), was a teacher of the:English language who developed the most widely used system of shorthand, known now as Pitman shorthand.
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Isosceles trapezoid
In Euclidean geometry, an isosceles trapezoid (isosceles trapezium in British English) is a convex quadrilateral with a line of symmetry bisecting one pair of opposite sides.
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J. C. Catford
John Cunnison "Ian" Catford (26 March 1917 – 6 October 2009) was a Scottish linguist and phonetician of worldwide renown.
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John Samuel Kenyon
John Samuel Kenyon (July 26, 1874 – September 6, 1959) was an American linguist.
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Journal of the International Phonetic Association
The Journal of the International Phonetic Association (JIPA) is a peer-reviewed academic journal that appears three times a year.
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Khoisan languages
The Khoisan languages (also Khoesan or Khoesaan) are a group of African languages originally classified together by Joseph Greenberg.
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Kiel
Kiel is the capital and most populous city in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein, with a population of 249,023 (2016).
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Labialization
Labialization is a secondary articulatory feature of sounds in some languages.
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Labiodental approximant
The labiodental approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Labiodental flap
In phonetics, the labiodental flap is a speech sound found primarily in languages of Central Africa, such as Kera and Mangbetu.
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Labiodental nasal
The labiodental nasal is a type of consonantal sound.
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Laminal consonant
A laminal consonant is a phone produced by obstructing the air passage with the blade of the tongue, the flat top front surface just behind the tip of the tongue on the top.
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Language Sciences
Language Sciences is a peer-reviewed journal published six times a year by Elsevier.
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Lateral clicks
The lateral clicks are a family of click consonants found only in African languages.
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Lateral release (phonetics)
In phonetics, a lateral release is the release of a plosive consonant into a lateral consonant.
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Linguolabial consonant
Linguolabials or apicolabials are consonants articulated by placing the tongue tip or blade against the upper lip, which is drawn downward to meet the tongue.
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Mid central vowel
The mid central vowel (also known as schwa) is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Murmured voice
Murmur (also called breathy voice, whispery voice, soughing and susurration) is a phonation in which the vocal folds vibrate, as they do in normal (modal) voicing, but are adjusted to let more air escape which produces a sighing-like sound.
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Nasal release
In phonetics, a nasal release is the release of a stop consonant into a nasal.
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Nasal vowel
A nasal vowel is a vowel that is produced with a lowering of the velum so that air escapes both through the nose as well as the mouth, such as the French vowel.
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Near-close back rounded vowel
The near-close back rounded vowel, or near-high back rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some vocal languages.
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Near-close front rounded vowel
The near-close front rounded vowel, or near-high front rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Near-close front unrounded vowel
The near-close front unrounded vowel, or near-high front unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Obsolete and nonstandard symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) possesses a variety of obsolete and nonstandard symbols.
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Ogonek
The ogonek (Polish:, "little tail", the diminutive of ogon; nosinė, "nasal") is a diacritic hook placed under the lower right corner of a vowel in the Latin alphabet used in several European languages, and directly under a vowel in several Native American languages.
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Open central unrounded vowel
The open central unrounded vowel, or low central unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in many spoken languages.
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Open-mid central rounded vowel
The open-mid central rounded vowel, or low-mid central rounded vowel, is a vowel sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Open-mid central unrounded vowel
The open-mid central unrounded vowel, or low-mid central unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Otto Jespersen
Jens Otto Harry Jespersen or Otto Jespersen (16 July 1860 – 30 April 1943) was a Danish linguist who specialized in the grammar of the English language.
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Palaeotype alphabet
The Palaeotype alphabet is a phonetic alphabet used by Alexander John Ellis to describe the pronunciation of English.
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Palatalization (phonetics)
In phonetics, palatalization (also) or palatization refers to a way of pronouncing a consonant in which part of the tongue is moved close to the hard palate.
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Paris
Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.
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Paul Passy
Paul Édouard Passy (13 January 1859, Versailles21 March 1940, Bourg-la-Reine) was a French linguist, founder of the International Phonetic Association in 1886.
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Pharyngealization
Pharyngealization is a secondary articulation of consonants or vowels by which the pharynx or epiglottis is constricted during the articulation of the sound.
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R-colored vowel
In phonetics, an r-colored or rhotic vowel (also called a retroflex vowel, vocalic r, or a rhotacized vowel) is a vowel that is modified in a way that results in a lowering in frequency of the third formant.
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Retroflex approximant
The retroflex approximant is a type of consonant used in some languages.
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Retroflex consonant
A retroflex consonant is a coronal consonant where the tongue has a flat, concave, or even curled shape, and is articulated between the alveolar ridge and the hard palate.
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Romic alphabet
The Romic Alphabet, sometimes known as the Romic Reform, is a phonetic alphabet proposed by Henry Sweet.
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Roundedness
In phonetics, vowel roundedness refers to the amount of rounding in the lips during the articulation of a vowel.
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Semivowel
In phonetics and phonology, a semivowel or glide, also known as a non-syllabic vocoid, is a sound that is phonetically similar to a vowel sound but functions as the syllable boundary, rather than as the nucleus of a syllable.
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Spoken language
A spoken language is a language produced by articulate sounds, as opposed to a written language.
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Tenseness
In phonology, tenseness or tensing is, most broadly, the pronunciation of a sound with greater muscular effort or constriction than is typical.
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The World's Writing Systems
The World's Writing Systems is a reference book about the world's writing systems.
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Tie (typography)
The tie is a symbol in the shape of an arc similar to a large breve, used in Greek, phonetic alphabets, and Z notation.
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Tilde
The tilde (in the American Heritage dictionary or; ˜ or ~) is a grapheme with several uses.
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TIPA (software)
TIPA is a free software package providing International Phonetic Alphabet and other phonetic character capabilities for TeX and LaTeX.
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Tone letter
Tone letters are letters that represent the tones of a language, most commonly in languages with contour tones.
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Transactions of the Philological Society
Transactions of the Philological Society is a linguistics journal published three times a year by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Philological Society.
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Unreleased stop
A stop with no audible release, also known as an unreleased stop or an applosive, is a stop consonant with no release burst: no audible indication of the end of its occlusion (hold).
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Upstep
In linguistics, upstep is a phonemic or phonetic upward shift of tone between the syllables or words of a tonal language.
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Velarization
Velarization is a secondary articulation of consonants by which the back of the tongue is raised toward the velum during the articulation of the consonant.
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Visible Speech
Visible Speech is a system of phonetic symbols developed by Alexander Melville Bell in 1867 to represent the position of the speech organs in articulating sounds.
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Voiced bilabial fricative
The voiced bilabial fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Voiced dental and alveolar lateral fricatives
The voiced alveolar lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Voiced labiodental fricative
The voiced labiodental fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages.
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Voiced palatal fricative
The voiced palatal fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Voiced pharyngeal fricative
The voiced pharyngeal approximant or fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Voiced velar approximant
The voiced velar approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Voiced velar fricative
The voiced velar fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in various spoken languages.
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Voiced velar lateral approximant
The voiced velar lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in a very small number of spoken languages in the world.
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Voiced velar lateral fricative
The voiced velar lateral fricative is a very rare speech sound that can be found in Archi, a Northeast Caucasian language of Dagestan, in which it is clearly a fricative, although further forward than velars in most languages, and might better be called prevelar.
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Voiceless bilabial fricative
The voiceless bilabial fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Voiceless epiglottal trill
The voiceless epiglottal or pharyngeal trill, also analyzed as a fricative, is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Voiceless labialized velar approximant
The voiceless labialized velar (labiovelar) approximant (traditionally called a voiceless labiovelar fricative) is a type of consonantal sound, used in spoken languages.
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Voiceless palatal lateral fricative
The voiceless palatal lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in a few spoken languages.
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Voiceless pharyngeal fricative
The voiceless pharyngeal fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Voiceless velar lateral fricative
The voiceless velar lateral fricative is a very rare speech sound.
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West Germany
West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; Bundesrepublik Deutschland, BRD) in the period between its creation on 23 May 1949 and German reunification on 3 October 1990.
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Redirects here:
1989 IPA Convention, History of International Phonetic Alphabet, History of the IPA, History of the ipa, IPA Kiel Convention, International Phonetic Association Kiel Convention, Kiel Convention.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet
