Logo
Unionpedia
Communication
Get it on Google Play
New! Download Unionpedia on your Android™ device!
Download
Faster access than browser!
 

Hypervalent molecule

Index Hypervalent molecule

A hypervalent molecule (the phenomenon is sometimes colloquially known as expanded octet) is a molecule that contains one or more main group elements apparently bearing more than eight electrons in their valence shells. [1]

81 relations: Ab initio, Ab initio quantum chemistry methods, Allyl group, Angewandte Chemie, Anthony Joseph Arduengo III, Atoms in molecules, Basis set (chemistry), Charge-shift bond, Chemical Reviews, Chemical Science (journal), Chemical Society Reviews, Chlorine trifluoride, Chlorite, Crotyl, Dess–Martin periodinane, Diazomethane, Dimethyl sulfoxide, Dimethylformamide, Electron, Electron shell, Electronegativity, Exothermic process, Fluorine, Gaussian (software), Georg Wittig, George C. Pimentel, Gilbert N. Lewis, Hermann Staudinger, Hexamethylphosphoramide, Hydride, Iodane, Iodine heptafluoride, Irving Langmuir, James Cullen Martin, Jay Kochi, Journal of Chemical Education, Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Lewis acids and bases, Ligand, Linear combination of atomic orbitals, Main-group element, Mesitylene, Methyl group, Molecular orbital, Molecular orbital theory, Molecule, Naphthalene, Nitrous oxide, Noble gas compound, ..., Octet rule, Organometallics, Organosulfur compounds, Orthonitrate, Ozone, Paul von Ragué Schleyer, Phenyl group, Phosphate, Phosphorane, Phosphorus, Phosphorus pentachloride, Phosphorus pentafluoride, Phosphorus trifluoride, Rate equation, Reaction rate, Reaction rate constant, Resonance (chemistry), Ronald Gillespie, Silicon, Sulfur hexafluoride, Tetrahedron Letters, Thermochemistry, Three-center four-electron bond, Trifluoromethyl, Trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry, Triiodide, Trimethylamine N-oxide, Valence (chemistry), Vinyl group, VSEPR theory, Xenon difluoride. Expand index (31 more) »

Ab initio

Ab initio is a Latin term meaning "from the beginning" and is derived from the Latin ab ("from") + initio, ablative singular of initium ("beginning").

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Ab initio · See more »

Ab initio quantum chemistry methods

Ab initio quantum chemistry methods are computational chemistry methods based on quantum chemistry.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Ab initio quantum chemistry methods · See more »

Allyl group

An allyl group is a substituent with the structural formula H2C.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Allyl group · See more »

Angewandte Chemie

Angewandte Chemie (meaning "Applied Chemistry") is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that is published by Wiley-VCH on behalf of the German Chemical Society (Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker).

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Angewandte Chemie · See more »

Anthony Joseph Arduengo III

Anthony Joseph Arduengo III is the Saxon Professor Emeritus of Chemistry at the University of Alabama, an adjunct professor at the Institute for Inorganic Chemistry of Braunschweig University of Technology in Germany, and co-founder of the StanCE coalition for sustainable chemistry based on woody biomass.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Anthony Joseph Arduengo III · See more »

Atoms in molecules

The quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) is a model of molecular and condensed matter electronic systems (such as crystals) in which the principal objects of molecular structure - atoms and bonds - are natural expressions of a system's observable electron density distribution function.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Atoms in molecules · See more »

Basis set (chemistry)

A basis set in theoretical and computational chemistry is a set of functions (called basis functions) that is used to represent the electronic wave function in the Hartree–Fock method or density-functional theory in order to turn the partial differential equations of the model into algebraic equations suitable for efficient implementation on a computer.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Basis set (chemistry) · See more »

Charge-shift bond

The charge-shift bond has been proposed as a new class of chemical bond that sits alongside the two familiar families of covalent and ionic bonds where electrons are shared or transferred respectively.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Charge-shift bond · See more »

Chemical Reviews

Chemical Reviews is peer-reviewed scientific journal published twice per month by the American Chemical Society.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Chemical Reviews · See more »

Chemical Science (journal)

Chemical Science is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of chemistry.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Chemical Science (journal) · See more »

Chemical Society Reviews

Chemical Society Reviews is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Royal Society of Chemistry, for review articles on topics of current interest in chemistry.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Chemical Society Reviews · See more »

Chlorine trifluoride

Chlorine trifluoride is an interhalogen compound with the formula ClF3.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Chlorine trifluoride · See more »

Chlorite

The chlorite ion, or chlorine dioxide anion, is.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Chlorite · See more »

Crotyl

A crotyl group is an organic functional group with the formula RCH2CH.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Crotyl · See more »

Dess–Martin periodinane

Dess–Martin periodinane (DMP) is a chemical reagent used to oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Dess–Martin periodinane · See more »

Diazomethane

Diazomethane is the chemical compound CH2N2, discovered by German chemist Hans von Pechmann in 1894.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Diazomethane · See more »

Dimethyl sulfoxide

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH3)2SO.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Dimethyl sulfoxide · See more »

Dimethylformamide

Dimethylformamide is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2NC(O)H.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Dimethylformamide · See more »

Electron

The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol or, whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Electron · See more »

Electron shell

In chemistry and atomic physics, an electron shell, or a principal energy level, may be thought of as an orbit followed by electrons around an atom's nucleus.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Electron shell · See more »

Electronegativity

Electronegativity, symbol ''χ'', is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons (or electron density) towards itself.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Electronegativity · See more »

Exothermic process

In thermodynamics, the term exothermic process (exo-: "outside") describes a process or reaction that releases energy from the system to its surroundings, usually in the form of heat, but also in a form of light (e.g. a spark, flame, or flash), electricity (e.g. a battery), or sound (e.g. explosion heard when burning hydrogen).

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Exothermic process · See more »

Fluorine

Fluorine is a chemical element with symbol F and atomic number 9.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Fluorine · See more »

Gaussian (software)

Gaussian is a general purpose computational chemistry software package initially released in 1970 by John Pople and his research group at Carnegie Mellon University as Gaussian 70.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Gaussian (software) · See more »

Georg Wittig

Georg Wittig (June 16, 1897 – August 26, 1987) was a German chemist who reported a method for synthesis of alkenes from aldehydes and ketones using compounds called phosphonium ylides in the Wittig reaction.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Georg Wittig · See more »

George C. Pimentel

George Claude Pimentel (May 2, 1922 – June 18, 1989) was the inventor of the chemical laser.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and George C. Pimentel · See more »

Gilbert N. Lewis

Gilbert Newton Lewis (October 25 (or 23), 1875 – March 23, 1946) was an American physical chemist known for the discovery of the covalent bond and his concept of electron pairs; his Lewis dot structures and other contributions to valence bond theory have shaped modern theories of chemical bonding.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Gilbert N. Lewis · See more »

Hermann Staudinger

Hermann Staudinger (23 March 1881 – 8 September 1965) was a German organic chemist who demonstrated the existence of macromolecules, which he characterized as polymers.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Hermann Staudinger · See more »

Hexamethylphosphoramide

Hexamethylphosphoramide, often abbreviated HMPA, is a phosphoramide (i.e. an amide of phosphoric acid) with the formula This colorless liquid is a useful polar aprotic solvent and additive in organic synthesis.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Hexamethylphosphoramide · See more »

Hydride

In chemistry, a hydride is the anion of hydrogen, H−, or, more commonly, it is a compound in which one or more hydrogen centres have nucleophilic, reducing, or basic properties.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Hydride · See more »

Iodane

Iodanes are chemical compounds containing hypervalent iodine.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Iodane · See more »

Iodine heptafluoride

Iodine heptafluoride, also known as iodine(VII) fluoride or iodine fluoride, is an interhalogen compound with the chemical formula IF7.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Iodine heptafluoride · See more »

Irving Langmuir

Irving Langmuir (January 31, 1881 – August 16, 1957) was an American chemist and physicist.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Irving Langmuir · See more »

James Cullen Martin

James Cullen Martin (January 14, 1928 – April 20, 1999) was an American chemist.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and James Cullen Martin · See more »

Jay Kochi

Jay Kazuo Kochi (1927–2008) was a physical organometallic chemist who held lectureship at Harvard University, and faculty positions at Case Institute of Technology, 1962-1969, (now Case Western Reserve University), Indiana University, 1969 to 1984, and the University of Houston, 1984 to 2008.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Jay Kochi · See more »

Journal of Chemical Education

The Journal of Chemical Education is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal available in both print and electronic versions.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Journal of Chemical Education · See more »

Journal of Organometallic Chemistry

The Journal of Organometallic Chemistry is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier, covering research on organometallic chemistry.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Journal of Organometallic Chemistry · See more »

Journal of the American Chemical Society

The Journal of the American Chemical Society (also known as JACS) is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1879 by the American Chemical Society.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Journal of the American Chemical Society · See more »

Lewis acids and bases

A Lewis acid is a chemical species that contains an empty orbital which is capable of accepting an electron pair from a Lewis base to form a Lewis adduct.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Lewis acids and bases · See more »

Ligand

In coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule (functional group) that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Ligand · See more »

Linear combination of atomic orbitals

A linear combination of atomic orbitals or LCAO is a quantum superposition of atomic orbitals and a technique for calculating molecular orbitals in quantum chemistry.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Linear combination of atomic orbitals · See more »

Main-group element

In chemistry and atomic physics, the main group is the group of elements whose lightest members are represented by helium, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine as arranged in the periodic table of the elements.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Main-group element · See more »

Mesitylene

Mesitylene or 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene is a derivative of benzene with three methyl substituents positioned symmetrically around the ring.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Mesitylene · See more »

Methyl group

A methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms — CH3.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Methyl group · See more »

Molecular orbital

In chemistry, a molecular orbital (MO) is a mathematical function describing the wave-like behavior of an electron in a molecule.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Molecular orbital · See more »

Molecular orbital theory

In chemistry, molecular orbital (MO) theory is a method for determining molecular structure in which electrons are not assigned to individual bonds between atoms, but are treated as moving under the influence of the nuclei in the whole molecule.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Molecular orbital theory · See more »

Molecule

A molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Molecule · See more »

Naphthalene

Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Naphthalene · See more »

Nitrous oxide

Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas or nitrous, is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen with the formula.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Nitrous oxide · See more »

Noble gas compound

Noble gas compounds are chemical compounds that include an element from the noble gases, group 18 of the periodic table.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Noble gas compound · See more »

Octet rule

The octet rule is a chemical rule of thumb that reflects observation that atoms of main-group elements tend to combine in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electron configuration as a noble gas.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Octet rule · See more »

Organometallics

Organometallics is a biweekly journal published by the American Chemical Society.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Organometallics · See more »

Organosulfur compounds

Organosulfur compounds are organic compounds that contain sulfur.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Organosulfur compounds · See more »

Orthonitrate

Orthonitrate is a tetrahedral oxoanion of nitrogen with the formula.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Orthonitrate · See more »

Ozone

Ozone, or trioxygen, is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Ozone · See more »

Paul von Ragué Schleyer

Paul von Ragué Schleyer (February 27, 1930 – November 21, 2014) was an American physical organic chemist of substantial significance whose research is cited with great frequency.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Paul von Ragué Schleyer · See more »

Phenyl group

In organic chemistry, the phenyl group or phenyl ring is a cyclic group of atoms with the formula C6H5.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Phenyl group · See more »

Phosphate

A phosphate is chemical derivative of phosphoric acid.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Phosphate · See more »

Phosphorane

A phosphorane (IUPAC name: λ5-phosphane) is a functional group in organophosphorus chemistry with pentavalent phosphorus.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Phosphorane · See more »

Phosphorus

Phosphorus is a chemical element with symbol P and atomic number 15.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Phosphorus · See more »

Phosphorus pentachloride

Phosphorus pentachloride is the chemical compound with the formula PCl5.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Phosphorus pentachloride · See more »

Phosphorus pentafluoride

Phosphorus pentafluoride, PF5, is a phosphorus halide.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Phosphorus pentafluoride · See more »

Phosphorus trifluoride

Phosphorus trifluoride (formula PF3), is a colorless and odorless gas.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Phosphorus trifluoride · See more »

Rate equation

The rate law or rate equation for a chemical reaction is an equation that links the reaction rate with the concentrations or pressures of the reactants and constant parameters (normally rate coefficients and partial reaction orders).

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Rate equation · See more »

Reaction rate

The reaction rate or rate of reaction is the speed at which reactants are converted into products.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Reaction rate · See more »

Reaction rate constant

In chemical kinetics a reaction rate constant or reaction rate coefficient, k, quantifies the rate of a chemical reaction.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Reaction rate constant · See more »

Resonance (chemistry)

In chemistry, resonance or mesomerism is a way of describing delocalized electrons within certain molecules or polyatomic ions where the bonding cannot be expressed by one single Lewis structure.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Resonance (chemistry) · See more »

Ronald Gillespie

Ronald James Gillespie, (born August 21, 1924 in London), a chemistry professor at McMaster University, specializes in the field of Molecular Geometry in Chemistry.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Ronald Gillespie · See more »

Silicon

Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Silicon · See more »

Sulfur hexafluoride

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is an inorganic, colorless, odorless, non-flammable, extremely potent greenhouse gas, and an excellent electrical insulator.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Sulfur hexafluoride · See more »

Tetrahedron Letters

Tetrahedron Letters is a weekly international journal for rapid publication of full original research papers in the field of organic chemistry.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Tetrahedron Letters · See more »

Thermochemistry

Thermochemistry is the study of the heat energy associated with chemical reactions and/or physical transformations.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Thermochemistry · See more »

Three-center four-electron bond

The 3-center 4-electron (3c–4e−) bond is a model used to explain bonding in certain hypervalent molecules such as tetratomic and hexatomic interhalogen compounds, sulfur tetrafluoride, the xenon fluorides, and the bifluoride ion.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Three-center four-electron bond · See more »

Trifluoromethyl

Trifluoromethyl is a functional group that has the formula -CF3.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Trifluoromethyl · See more »

Trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry

In chemistry a trigonal bipyramid formation is a molecular geometry with one atom at the center and 5 more atoms at the corners of a triangular dipyramid.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry · See more »

Triiodide

In chemistry, triiodide usually refers to the triiodide ion,.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Triiodide · See more »

Trimethylamine N-oxide

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)3NO.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Trimethylamine N-oxide · See more »

Valence (chemistry)

In chemistry, the valence or valency of an element is a measure of its combining power with other atoms when it forms chemical compounds or molecules.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Valence (chemistry) · See more »

Vinyl group

In chemistry, vinyl or ethenyl is the functional group with the formula −CH.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Vinyl group · See more »

VSEPR theory

Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory is a model used in chemistry to predict the geometry of individual molecules from the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and VSEPR theory · See more »

Xenon difluoride

Xenon difluoride is a powerful fluorinating agent with the chemical formula, and one of the most stable xenon compounds.

New!!: Hypervalent molecule and Xenon difluoride · See more »

Redirects here:

Expanded octet, Expansion of the octet, Hypercoordination, Hypervalence, Hypervalency, Hypervalent, Hypervalent bonding, Hypervalent compound, Hypervalent molecules, Octet expansion.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervalent_molecule

OutgoingIncoming
Hey! We are on Facebook now! »