Table of Contents
93 relations: Amount of substance, Avogadro's law, Boltzmann constant, Bose gas, Bose–Einstein statistics, Boson, Boyle temperature, Boyle's law, Bulk modulus, Carbon dioxide, Chain rule, Charles's law, Chemical potential, Compressibility factor, Condensation, Degenerate energy levels, Density, Deposition (phase transition), Diatomic molecule, Dimensionless quantity, Drude model, Elastic collision, Enthalpy, Entropy, Equation of state, Equipartition theorem, Exact differential, Fermi gas, Fermi–Dirac statistics, Fermion, Fluid, Free electron model, Gas, Gas constant, Gas in a box, Gas laws, Gibbs free energy, Heat capacity, Heat capacity ratio, Helmholtz free energy, Hydrogen, Ideal gas law, Intermolecular force, Internal energy, International System of Units, Joule, Joule–Thomson effect, Kelvin, Kinetic energy, Kinetic theory of gases, ... Expand index (43 more) »
Amount of substance
In chemistry, the amount of substance (symbol n) in a given sample of matter is defined as a ratio between the number of elementary entities (N) and the Avogadro constant (NA).
See Ideal gas and Amount of substance
Avogadro's law
Avogadro's law (sometimes referred to as Avogadro's hypothesis or Avogadro's principle) or Avogadro-Ampère's hypothesis is an experimental gas law relating the volume of a gas to the amount of substance of gas present.
See Ideal gas and Avogadro's law
Boltzmann constant
The Boltzmann constant is the proportionality factor that relates the average relative thermal energy of particles in a gas with the thermodynamic temperature of the gas.
See Ideal gas and Boltzmann constant
Bose gas
An ideal Bose gas is a quantum-mechanical phase of matter, analogous to a classical ideal gas.
Bose–Einstein statistics
In quantum statistics, Bose–Einstein statistics (B–E statistics) describes one of two possible ways in which a collection of non-interacting identical particles may occupy a set of available discrete energy states at thermodynamic equilibrium.
See Ideal gas and Bose–Einstein statistics
Boson
In particle physics, a boson is a subatomic particle whose spin quantum number has an integer value (0, 1, 2,...). Bosons form one of the two fundamental classes of subatomic particle, the other being fermions, which have odd half-integer spin (...). Every observed subatomic particle is either a boson or a fermion.
Boyle temperature
The Boyle temperature is formally defined as the temperature for which the second virial coefficient, B_(T), becomes zero.
See Ideal gas and Boyle temperature
Boyle's law
Boyle's law, also referred to as the Boyle–Mariotte law or Mariotte's law (especially in France), is an empirical gas law that describes the relationship between pressure and volume of a confined gas.
Bulk modulus
The bulk modulus (K or B or k) of a substance is a measure of the resistance of a substance to bulk compression.
See Ideal gas and Bulk modulus
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula.
See Ideal gas and Carbon dioxide
Chain rule
In calculus, the chain rule is a formula that expresses the derivative of the composition of two differentiable functions and in terms of the derivatives of and.
Charles's law
Charles' law (also known as the law of volumes) is an experimental gas law that describes how gases tend to expand when heated.
See Ideal gas and Charles's law
Chemical potential
In thermodynamics, the chemical potential of a species is the energy that can be absorbed or released due to a change of the particle number of the given species, e.g. in a chemical reaction or phase transition.
See Ideal gas and Chemical potential
Compressibility factor
In thermodynamics, the compressibility factor (Z), also known as the compression factor or the gas deviation factor, describes the deviation of a real gas from ideal gas behaviour.
See Ideal gas and Compressibility factor
Condensation
Condensation is the change of the state of matter from the gas phase into the liquid phase, and is the reverse of vaporization.
See Ideal gas and Condensation
Degenerate energy levels
In quantum mechanics, an energy level is degenerate if it corresponds to two or more different measurable states of a quantum system.
See Ideal gas and Degenerate energy levels
Density
Density (volumetric mass density or specific mass) is a substance's mass per unit of volume.
Deposition (phase transition)
Deposition is the phase transition in which gas transforms into solid without passing through the liquid phase.
See Ideal gas and Deposition (phase transition)
Diatomic molecule
Diatomic molecules are molecules composed of only two atoms, of the same or different chemical elements.
See Ideal gas and Diatomic molecule
Dimensionless quantity
Dimensionless quantities, or quantities of dimension one, are quantities implicitly defined in a manner that prevents their aggregation into units of measurement.
See Ideal gas and Dimensionless quantity
Drude model
The Drude model of electrical conduction was proposed in 1900 by Paul Drude to explain the transport properties of electrons in materials (especially metals).
Elastic collision
In physics, an elastic collision is an encounter (collision) between two bodies in which the total kinetic energy of the two bodies remains the same.
See Ideal gas and Elastic collision
Enthalpy
Enthalpy is the sum of a thermodynamic system's internal energy and the product of its pressure and volume.
Entropy
Entropy is a scientific concept that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty.
Equation of state
In physics and chemistry, an equation of state is a thermodynamic equation relating state variables, which describe the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions, such as pressure, volume, temperature, or internal energy.
See Ideal gas and Equation of state
Equipartition theorem
In classical statistical mechanics, the equipartition theorem relates the temperature of a system to its average energies.
See Ideal gas and Equipartition theorem
Exact differential
In multivariate calculus, a differential or differential form is said to be exact or perfect (exact differential), as contrasted with an inexact differential, if it is equal to the general differential dQ for some differentiable function Q in an orthogonal coordinate system (hence Q is a multivariable function whose variables are independent, as they are always expected to be when treated in multivariable calculus).
See Ideal gas and Exact differential
Fermi gas
A Fermi gas is an idealized model, an ensemble of many non-interacting fermions.
Fermi–Dirac statistics
Fermi–Dirac statistics is a type of quantum statistics that applies to the physics of a system consisting of many non-interacting, identical particles that obey the Pauli exclusion principle.
See Ideal gas and Fermi–Dirac statistics
Fermion
In particle physics, a fermion is a particle that follows Fermi–Dirac statistics.
Fluid
In physics, a fluid is a liquid, gas, or other material that may continuously move and deform (flow) under an applied shear stress, or external force.
Free electron model
In solid-state physics, the free electron model is a quantum mechanical model for the behaviour of charge carriers in a metallic solid.
See Ideal gas and Free electron model
Gas
Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter.
Gas constant
The molar gas constant (also known as the gas constant, universal gas constant, or ideal gas constant) is denoted by the symbol or.
See Ideal gas and Gas constant
Gas in a box
In quantum mechanics, the results of the quantum particle in a box can be used to look at the equilibrium situation for a quantum ideal gas in a box which is a box containing a large number of molecules which do not interact with each other except for instantaneous thermalizing collisions.
See Ideal gas and Gas in a box
Gas laws
The laws describing the behaviour of gases under fixed pressure, volume, amount of gas, and absolute temperature conditions are called Gas Laws.
Gibbs free energy
In thermodynamics, the Gibbs free energy (or Gibbs energy as the recommended name; symbol G) is a thermodynamic potential that can be used to calculate the maximum amount of work, other than pressure-volume work, that may be performed by a thermodynamically closed system at constant temperature and pressure.
See Ideal gas and Gibbs free energy
Heat capacity
Heat capacity or thermal capacity is a physical property of matter, defined as the amount of heat to be supplied to an object to produce a unit change in its temperature.
See Ideal gas and Heat capacity
Heat capacity ratio
In thermal physics and thermodynamics, the heat capacity ratio, also known as the adiabatic index, the ratio of specific heats, or Laplace's coefficient, is the ratio of the heat capacity at constant pressure to heat capacity at constant volume.
See Ideal gas and Heat capacity ratio
Helmholtz free energy
In thermodynamics, the Helmholtz free energy (or Helmholtz energy) is a thermodynamic potential that measures the useful work obtainable from a closed thermodynamic system at a constant temperature (isothermal).
See Ideal gas and Helmholtz free energy
Hydrogen
Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol H and atomic number 1.
Ideal gas law
The ideal gas law, also called the general gas equation, is the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas.
See Ideal gas and Ideal gas law
Intermolecular force
An intermolecular force (IMF) (or secondary force) is the force that mediates interaction between molecules, including the electromagnetic forces of attraction or repulsion which act between atoms and other types of neighbouring particles, e.g. atoms or ions.
See Ideal gas and Intermolecular force
Internal energy
The internal energy of a thermodynamic system is the energy contained within it, measured as the quantity of energy necessary to bring the system from its standard internal state to its present internal state of interest, accounting for the gains and losses of energy due to changes in its internal state, including such quantities as magnetization.
See Ideal gas and Internal energy
International System of Units
The International System of Units, internationally known by the abbreviation SI (from French Système international d'unités), is the modern form of the metric system and the world's most widely used system of measurement.
See Ideal gas and International System of Units
Joule
The joule (pronounced, or; symbol: J) is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI).
Joule–Thomson effect
In thermodynamics, the Joule–Thomson effect (also known as the Joule–Kelvin effect or Kelvin–Joule effect) describes the temperature change of a ''real'' gas or liquid (as differentiated from an ideal gas) when it is forced by a pressure difference through a valve or porous plug while keeping it insulated so that no heat is exchanged with the environment.
See Ideal gas and Joule–Thomson effect
Kelvin
The kelvin, symbol K, is the base unit of measurement for temperature in the International System of Units (SI).
Kinetic energy
In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the form of energy that it possesses due to its motion.
See Ideal gas and Kinetic energy
Kinetic theory of gases
The kinetic theory of gases is a simple classical model of the thermodynamic behavior of gases.
See Ideal gas and Kinetic theory of gases
Liquid
A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a nearly constant volume independent of pressure.
List of thermodynamic properties
In thermodynamics, a physical property is any property that is measurable, and whose value describes a state of a physical system.
See Ideal gas and List of thermodynamic properties
Maxwell relations
Flow chart showing the paths between the Maxwell relations. P is pressure, T temperature, V volume, S entropy, \alpha coefficient of thermal expansion, \kappa compressibility, C_V heat capacity at constant volume, C_P heat capacity at constant pressure. Maxwell's relations are a set of equations in thermodynamics which are derivable from the symmetry of second derivatives and from the definitions of the thermodynamic potentials.
See Ideal gas and Maxwell relations
Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution
In physics (in particular in statistical mechanics), the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution, or Maxwell(ian) distribution, is a particular probability distribution named after James Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann.
See Ideal gas and Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution
Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics
In statistical mechanics, Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics describes the distribution of classical material particles over various energy states in thermal equilibrium.
See Ideal gas and Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics
Metre
The metre (or meter in US spelling; symbol: m) is the base unit of length in the International System of Units (SI).
Molar mass
In chemistry, the molar mass (or molecular weight) of a chemical compound is defined as the ratio between the mass and the amount of substance (measured in moles) of any sample of the compound.
Mole (unit)
The mole (symbol mol) is a unit of measurement, the base unit in the International System of Units (SI) for amount of substance, a quantity proportional to the number of elementary entities of a substance.
Monatomic gas
In physics and chemistry, "monatomic" is a combination of the words "mono" and "atomic", and means "single atom".
See Ideal gas and Monatomic gas
Newtonian dynamics
In physics, Newtonian dynamics (also known as Newtonian mechanics) is the study of the dynamics of a particle or a small body according to Newton's laws of motion.
See Ideal gas and Newtonian dynamics
Nitrogen
Nitrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol N and atomic number 7.
Noble gas
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Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element; it has symbol O and atomic number 8.
Particle number
In thermodynamics, the particle number (symbol) of a thermodynamic system is the number of constituent particles in that system.
See Ideal gas and Particle number
Partition function (statistical mechanics)
In physics, a partition function describes the statistical properties of a system in thermodynamic equilibrium.
See Ideal gas and Partition function (statistical mechanics)
Pascal (unit)
The pascal (symbol: Pa) is the unit of pressure in the International System of Units (SI).
See Ideal gas and Pascal (unit)
Perfect gas
In physics and engineering, a perfect gas is a theoretical gas model that differs from real gases in specific ways that makes certain calculations easier to handle.
Phase transition
In physics, chemistry, and other related fields like biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another.
See Ideal gas and Phase transition
Photon gas
In physics, a photon gas is a gas-like collection of photons, which has many of the same properties of a conventional gas like hydrogen or neon – including pressure, temperature, and entropy.
Plasma (physics)
Plasma is one of four fundamental states of matter (the other three being solid, liquid, and gas) characterized by the presence of a significant portion of charged particles in any combination of ions or electrons.
See Ideal gas and Plasma (physics)
Point particle
A point particle, ideal particle or point-like particle (often spelled pointlike particle) is an idealization of particles heavily used in physics.
See Ideal gas and Point particle
Potential energy
In physics, potential energy is the energy held by an object because of its position relative to other objects, stresses within itself, its electric charge, or other factors.
See Ideal gas and Potential energy
Pressure
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.
Pressure measurement
Pressure measurement is the measurement of an applied force by a fluid (liquid or gas) on a surface.
See Ideal gas and Pressure measurement
Quantum mechanics
Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms.
See Ideal gas and Quantum mechanics
Real gas
Real gases are nonideal gases whose molecules occupy space and have interactions; consequently, they do not adhere to the ideal gas law.
Refrigerant
A refrigerant is a working fluid used in the refrigeration cycle of air conditioning systems and heat pumps where in most cases they undergo a repeated phase transition from a liquid to a gas and back again.
Sackur–Tetrode equation
The Sackur–Tetrode equation is an expression for the entropy of a monatomic ideal gas.
See Ideal gas and Sackur–Tetrode equation
Saha ionization equation
In physics, the Saha ionization equation is an expression that relates the ionization state of a gas in thermal equilibrium to the temperature and pressure.
See Ideal gas and Saha ionization equation
Solid
Solid is one of the four fundamental states of matter along with liquid, gas, and plasma.
Standard atmosphere (unit)
The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as Pa.
See Ideal gas and Standard atmosphere (unit)
Standard temperature and pressure
Standard temperature and pressure (STP) or Standard conditions for temperature and pressure are various standard sets of conditions for experimental measurements used to allow comparisons to be made between different sets of data.
See Ideal gas and Standard temperature and pressure
Statistical mechanics
In physics, statistical mechanics is a mathematical framework that applies statistical methods and probability theory to large assemblies of microscopic entities.
See Ideal gas and Statistical mechanics
Temperature
Temperature is a physical quantity that quantitatively expresses the attribute of hotness or coldness.
Thermal de Broglie wavelength
In physics, the thermal de Broglie wavelength (\lambda_, sometimes also denoted by \Lambda) is roughly the average de Broglie wavelength of particles in an ideal gas at the specified temperature.
See Ideal gas and Thermal de Broglie wavelength
Thermodynamic potential
A thermodynamic potential (or more accurately, a thermodynamic potential energy)ISO/IEC 80000-5, Quantities an units, Part 5 - Thermodynamics, item 5-20.4 Helmholtz energy, Helmholtz functionISO/IEC 80000-5, Quantities an units, Part 5 - Thermodynamics, item 5-20.5, Gibbs energy, Gibbs function is a scalar quantity used to represent the thermodynamic state of a system.
See Ideal gas and Thermodynamic potential
Thermodynamic system
A thermodynamic system is a body of matter and/or radiation separate from its surroundings that can be studied using the laws of thermodynamics.
See Ideal gas and Thermodynamic system
Thermodynamic temperature
Thermodynamic temperature is a quantity defined in thermodynamics as distinct from kinetic theory or statistical mechanics.
See Ideal gas and Thermodynamic temperature
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with heat, work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, entropy, and the physical properties of matter and radiation.
See Ideal gas and Thermodynamics
Third law of thermodynamics
The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a closed system at thermodynamic equilibrium approaches a constant value when its temperature approaches absolute zero.
See Ideal gas and Third law of thermodynamics
Volume (thermodynamics)
In thermodynamics, the volume of a system is an important extensive parameter for describing its thermodynamic state.
See Ideal gas and Volume (thermodynamics)
Water vapor
Water vapor, water vapour or aqueous vapor is the gaseous phase of water.
2019 redefinition of the SI base units
In 2019, four of the seven SI base units specified in the International System of Quantities were redefined in terms of natural physical constants, rather than human artifacts such as the standard kilogram.
See Ideal gas and 2019 redefinition of the SI base units
References
Also known as Boltzmann gas, Diatomic Ideal Gas, Ideal gases, Ideal-gas, Monatomic Ideal Gas.