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252 relations: Absolute risk reduction, Acetylcysteine, Acupuncture, Adipose tissue, Adjuvant therapy, Adoption, Adriana Iliescu, Adultery, Advanced maternal age, American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Angelman syndrome, Antepartum bleeding, Anti-Müllerian hormone, Antioxidant, Antral follicle, Anxiety disorder, Aspirin, Assisted reproductive technology, Assisted zona hatching, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Autism, Autoimmune disease, Autologous endometrial coculture, Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, Beginning of human personhood, Binge drinking, Bioethics, Biomarker (medicine), Birth control, Birth defect, Birth weight, Blastocyst, Body mass index, Bone age, Breast cancer, Caesarean section, Catheter, Catholic Church, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cerebral palsy, Cervical cancer, Chazakah, Chemotherapy, Childbirth, Childhood cancer, Cleft lip and cleft palate, Clinical commissioning group, Cochrane (organisation), Comet assay, Complications of pregnancy, ..., Confidence interval, Confounding, Congenital heart defect, Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, Copyright Clause, Corpus luteum, Costa Rica, Cryopreservation, Cumulus oophorus, Cytoplasm, Depression (mood), Designer baby, Developmental disability, DNA fragmentation, Donor Sibling Registry, Ectopic pregnancy, Egg cell, Egg donation, Eliezer Waldenberg, Embryo, Embryo cryopreservation, Embryo culture, Embryo donation, Embryo quality, Embryo splitting, Embryo transfer, Embryology, Endometrial cancer, Equality Act 2010, Ernestine Gwet Bell, Escapism, Esophageal atresia, Estradiol, European Court of Human Rights, Evans v United Kingdom, Fallopian tube, Female infertility, Fertilisation, Fertility clinic, Fertility tourism, Final maturation induction, FMR1, Folate, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Food and Drug Administration, Gamete donation, Gamete intrafallopian transfer, General anaesthesia, Genetic disorder, Genome, Genomic imprinting, Gestational diabetes, Gonadotropin, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist, Good tissue practice, Growth hormone, Growth medium, Gynecologic ultrasonography, Healthcare in Bedfordshire, Healthcare in Essex, Healthcare in Somerset, Hepatitis B, Hindu, HIV/AIDS, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Human chorionic gonadotropin, Human embryogenesis, Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, Human fertilization, Human leukocyte antigen, Human sexual activity, Hydrosalpinx, Hypertension, Hypertensive disease of pregnancy, Impaired fasting glucose, Imperforate anus, Implant (medicine), Implantation (human embryo), In vitro, In vitro fertilisation, India, Infertility, Inositol, Insemination, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, Islam, Jacob M. Appel, Judaism and sexuality, Karna, Kolkata, Labor induction, Laparoscopy, Laura Chinchilla, Live birth (human), Louise Brown, Luteal support, Luteinizing hormone, Major depressive disorder, Male infertility, Masturbation, Melatonin, Membrana granulosa, Menopause, Meta-analysis, Metabolome, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Miscarriage, Mitochondrial replacement therapy, Mitochondrion, Mosaic (genetics), Multiple birth, Natalie Suleman, National Health Service (England), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Natural family planning, Nature (journal), Neuroticism, NHS treatments blacklist, Niddah, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, North Coast Women's Care Medical Group, Inc. v. Superior Court, Nuclear DNA, Odds ratio, Ogikubo, Tokyo, One-child policy, Oocyte cryopreservation, Oocyte selection, Orthodox Judaism, Ovarian cancer, Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, Ovary, Pandava, Patrick Steptoe, Perinatal mortality, Petri dish, Population control, Potential person, Prader–Willi syndrome, Pregnancy, Pregnancy rate, Preimplantation genetic diagnosis, Premature rupture of membranes, Prenatal sex discernment, Preterm birth, Procedural sedation and analgesia, Progesterone, Progestin, Pronucleus, Proteome, Publication bias, Punya (Hinduism), Radio-frequency identification, Randomized controlled trial, Reciprocal IVF, Reform Judaism, Relative risk, Risk factor, Robert Edwards (physiologist), Royal Oldham Hospital, Royton, Salpingectomy, Savior sibling, Selenium, Semen, Semen quality, Sex linkage, Sex ratio, Sex selection, Small for gestational age, Soul, Sperm, Sperm donation, Sperm washing, Spermatozoon, Stem cell, Stem cell controversy, Stillbirth, Subhash Mukhopadhyay (physician), Suleman octuplets, Surrogacy, Systematic review, Tennessee, Teratospermia, Third-party reproduction, Thyroid disease, Time-lapse embryo imaging, Time-lapse microscopy, Tobacco smoking, Transcriptome, Transvaginal oocyte retrieval, Unintended consequences, Uterus, Vagina, Venous thrombosis, Vertically transmitted infection, Victoria (Australia), Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Zinc, Zygote. Expand index (202 more) »
Absolute risk reduction
In epidemiology, the absolute risk reduction, risk difference or absolute effect is the change in the risk of an outcome of a given treatment or activity in relation to a comparison treatment or activity.
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Acetylcysteine
Acetylcysteine, also known as N-acetylcysteine (NAC), is a medication that is used to treat paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose, and to loosen thick mucus in individuals with cystic fibrosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Acupuncture
Acupuncture is a form of alternative medicine in which thin needles are inserted into the body.
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Adipose tissue
In biology, adipose tissue, body fat, or simply fat is a loose connective tissue composed mostly of adipocytes.
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Adjuvant therapy
Adjuvant therapy, also known as adjunct therapy, add-on therapy, and adjuvant care, is therapy that is given in addition to the primary or initial therapy to maximize its effectiveness.
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Adoption
Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents, and, in so doing, permanently transfers all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from the biological parent or parents.
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Adriana Iliescu
Adriana Iliescu (born May 31, 1938) is a retired Romanian university lecturer and author of children's novels.
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Adultery
Adultery (from Latin adulterium) is extramarital sex that is considered objectionable on social, religious, moral, or legal grounds.
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Advanced maternal age
Advanced maternal age, in a broad sense, is the instance of a woman being of an older age at a stage of reproduction, although there are various definitions of specific age and stage of reproduction.
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American Society for Reproductive Medicine
The American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) is a multidisciplinary organization dedicated to the advancement of the science and practice of reproductive medicine.
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Angelman syndrome
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a genetic disorder that mainly affects the nervous system.
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Antepartum bleeding
Antepartum bleeding, also known as antepartum haemorrhage or prepartum hemorrhage, is genital bleeding during pregnancy after the 20th to 24th week of pregnancy up to delivery.
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Anti-Müllerian hormone
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), also known as Müllerian-inhibiting hormone (MIH), is a glycoprotein hormone structurally related to inhibin and activin from the transforming growth factor beta superfamily, whose key roles are in growth differentiation and folliculogenesis.
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Antioxidant
Antioxidants are molecules that inhibit the oxidation of other molecules.
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Antral follicle
An antral follicle (or secondary follicle) is an ovarian follicle during a certain latter stage of folliculogenesis.
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Anxiety disorder
Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by significant feelings of anxiety and fear.
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Aspirin
Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a medication used to treat pain, fever, or inflammation.
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Assisted reproductive technology
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is the technology used to achieve pregnancy in procedures such as fertility medication, in vitro fertilization and surrogacy.
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Assisted zona hatching
Assisted zona hatching (AZH) is a procedure of assisted reproductive technology in which a small hole is made in the zona pellucida, using a micromanipulator, thereby facilitating for zona hatching to occur.
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental disorder of the neurodevelopmental type.
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Autism
Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by troubles with social interaction and communication and by restricted and repetitive behavior.
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Autoimmune disease
An autoimmune disease is a condition arising from an abnormal immune response to a normal body part.
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Autologous endometrial coculture
Autologous Endometrial Coculture is a technique of assisted reproductive technology.
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Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome
Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (abbreviated BWS) is an overgrowth disorder usually present at birth, characterized by an increased risk of childhood cancer and certain congenital features.
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Beginning of human personhood
The beginning of human personhood is the moment when a human is first recognized as a person.
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Binge drinking
Binge drinking, or heavy episodic drinking, is a modern epithet for drinking alcoholic beverages with an intention of becoming intoxicated by heavy consumption of alcohol over a short period of time.
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Bioethics
Bioethics is the study of the ethical issues emerging from advances in biology and medicine.
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Biomarker (medicine)
In medicine, a biomarker is a measurable indicator of the severity or presence of some disease state.
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Birth control
Birth control, also known as contraception and fertility control, is a method or device used to prevent pregnancy.
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Birth defect
A birth defect, also known as a congenital disorder, is a condition present at birth regardless of its cause.
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Birth weight
Birth weight is the body weight of a baby at its birth.
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Blastocyst
The blastocyst is a structure formed in the early development of mammals.
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Body mass index
The body mass index (BMI) or Quetelet index is a value derived from the mass (weight) and height of an individual.
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Bone age
Bone age is the degree of maturation of a child's bones.
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Breast cancer
Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue.
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Caesarean section
Caesarean section, also known as C-section or caesarean delivery, is the use of surgery to deliver one or more babies.
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Catheter
In medicine, a catheter is a thin tube made from medical grade materials serving a broad range of functions.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the leading national public health institute of the United States.
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Cerebral palsy
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of permanent movement disorders that appear in early childhood.
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Cervical cancer
Cervical cancer is a cancer arising from the cervix.
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Chazakah
Chazakah (Hebrew חזקה, khazakah, legal acquisition by right of possession) is a Midrashic and Talmudic concept, the presumption of ownership of a personal status (such as being of kohen or levite status) or of land, or tangible property.
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Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy (often abbreviated to chemo and sometimes CTX or CTx) is a type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents) as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen.
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Childbirth
Childbirth, also known as labour and delivery, is the ending of a pregnancy by one or more babies leaving a woman's uterus by vaginal passage or C-section.
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Childhood cancer
Childhood cancer (also known as pediatric cancer) is cancer in a child.
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Cleft lip and cleft palate
Cleft lip and cleft palate, also known as orofacial cleft, is a group of conditions that includes cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), and both together (CLP).
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Clinical commissioning group
Clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) are NHS organisations set up by the Health and Social Care Act 2012 to organise the delivery of NHS services in England.
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Cochrane (organisation)
Cochrane is a non-profit, non-governmental organization formed to organize medical research findings so as to facilitate evidence-based choices about health interventions faced by health professionals, patients, and policy makers.
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Comet assay
The single cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE, also known as comet assay) is an uncomplicated and sensitive technique for the detection of DNA damage at the level of the individual eukaryotic cell.
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Complications of pregnancy
Complications of pregnancy are health problems that are caused by pregnancy.
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Confidence interval
In statistics, a confidence interval (CI) is a type of interval estimate, computed from the statistics of the observed data, that might contain the true value of an unknown population parameter.
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Confounding
In statistics, a confounder (also confounding variable, confounding factor or lurking variable) is a variable that influences both the dependent variable and independent variable causing a spurious association.
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Congenital heart defect
A congenital heart defect (CHD), also known as a congenital heart anomaly or congenital heart disease, is a problem in the structure of the heart that is present at birth.
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Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation
Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation is a technique used in assisted reproduction involving the use of fertility medications to induce ovulation by multiple ovarian follicles.
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Copyright Clause
The Copyright Clause (also known as the Intellectual Property Clause, Copyright and Patent Clause, or the Progress Clause) describes an enumerated power listed in the United States Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 8).
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Corpus luteum
The corpus luteum (Latin for "yellow body"; plural corpora lutea) is a temporary endocrine structure in female ovaries and is involved in the production of relatively high levels of progesterone, moderate levels of estradiol, inhibin A and small amounts of estrogen.
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Costa Rica
Costa Rica ("Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica (República de Costa Rica), is a country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and Ecuador to the south of Cocos Island.
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Cryopreservation
Cryo-preservation or cryo-conservation is a process where organelles, cells, tissues, extracellular matrix, organs or any other biological constructs susceptible to damage caused by unregulated chemical kinetics are preserved by cooling to very low temperatures (typically −80 °C using solid carbon dioxide or −196 °C using liquid nitrogen).
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Cumulus oophorus
The cumulus oophorus (Latin cumulus.
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Cytoplasm
In cell biology, the cytoplasm is the material within a living cell, excluding the cell nucleus.
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Depression (mood)
Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person's thoughts, behavior, tendencies, feelings, and sense of well-being.
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Designer baby
A designer baby is a human embryo which has been genetically modified, usually following guidelines set by the parent or scientist, to produce desirable traits.
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Developmental disability
Developmental disability is a diverse group of chronic conditions that are due to mental or physical impairments that arise before adulthood.
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DNA fragmentation
DNA fragmentation is the separation or breaking of DNA strands into pieces.
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Donor Sibling Registry
The Donor Sibling Registry is a website and non-profit US organization serving donor offspring, sperm donors, egg donors and other donor conceived people.
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Ectopic pregnancy
Ectopic pregnancy is a complication of pregnancy in which the embryo attaches outside the uterus.
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Egg cell
The egg cell, or ovum (plural ova), is the female reproductive cell (gamete) in oogamous organisms.
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Egg donation
Egg donation is the process by which a woman donates eggs to enable another woman to conceive as part of an assisted reproduction treatment or for biomedical research.
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Eliezer Waldenberg
Eliezer Yehuda Waldenberg (הרב אליאזר יהודה וולדנברג, December 10, 1915 – November 21, 2006) was a rabbi, posek, and dayan in Jerusalem.
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Embryo
An embryo is an early stage of development of a multicellular diploid eukaryotic organism.
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Embryo cryopreservation
Cryopreservation of embryos is the process of preserving an embryo at sub-zero temperatures, generally at an embryogenesis stage corresponding to pre-implantation, that is, from fertilisation to the blastocyst stage.
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Embryo culture
Embryo culture is a component of ''in vitro'' fertilisation where in resultant embryos are allowed to grow for some time in an artificial medium.
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Embryo donation
Embryo donation is a form of third party reproduction.
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Embryo quality
Embryo quality is the ability of an embryo to perform successfully in terms of conferring a high pregnancy rate and/or resulting in a healthy person.
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Embryo splitting
Embryo splitting may refer to.
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Embryo transfer
Embryo transfer refers to a step in the process of assisted reproduction in which embryos are placed into the uterus of a female with the intent to establish a pregnancy.
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Embryology
Embryology (from Greek ἔμβρυον, embryon, "the unborn, embryo"; and -λογία, -logia) is the branch of biology that studies the prenatal development of gametes (sex cells), fertilization, and development of embryos and fetuses.
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Endometrial cancer
Endometrial cancer is a cancer that arises from the endometrium (the lining of the uterus or womb).
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Equality Act 2010
The Equality Act 2010 is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom, and has the same goals as the four major EU Equal Treatment Directives, whose provisions it mirrors and implements.
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Ernestine Gwet Bell
Ernestine Gwet Bell (born 1953) is an internationally known Cameroonian gynecologist.
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Escapism
Escapism is the avoidance of unpleasant, boring, arduous, scary, or banal aspects of daily life.
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Esophageal atresia
Esophageal atresia is a congenital medical condition (birth defect) that affects the alimentary tract. It causes the esophagus to end in a blind-ended pouch rather than connecting normally to the stomach. It comprises a variety of congenital anatomic defects that are caused by an abnormal embryological development of the esophagus. It is characterized anatomically by a congenital obstruction of the esophagus with interruption of the continuity of the esophageal wall.
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Estradiol
Estradiol (E2), also spelled oestradiol, is an estrogen steroid hormone and the major female sex hormone.
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European Court of Human Rights
The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR or ECtHR; Cour européenne des droits de l’homme) is a supranational or international court established by the European Convention on Human Rights.
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Evans v United Kingdom
Evans v. the United Kingdom was a key case at the European Court of Human Rights.
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Fallopian tube
The Fallopian tubes, also known as uterine tubes or salpinges (singular salpinx), are two very fine tubes lined with ciliated epithelia, leading from the ovaries of female mammals into the uterus, via the uterotubal junction.
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Female infertility
Female infertility refers to infertility in female humans.
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Fertilisation
Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, conception, fecundation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to initiate the development of a new individual organism.
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Fertility clinic
Fertility clinics are medical clinics that assist couples, and sometimes individuals, who want to become parents but for medical reasons have been unable to achieve this goal via the natural course.
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Fertility tourism
Fertility tourism or reproductive tourism is the practice of traveling to another country or jurisdiction for fertility treatment, and may be regarded as a form of medical tourism.
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Final maturation induction
Induction of final maturation of oocytes is a procedure that is usually performed as part of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation to render the oocytes fully developed and thereby resulting in optimal pregnancy chances.
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FMR1
FMR1 (fragile X mental retardation 1) is a human gene that codes for a protein called fragile X mental retardation protein, or FMRP.
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Folate
Folate, distinct forms of which are known as folic acid, folacin, and vitamin B9, is one of the B vitamins.
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Follicle-stimulating hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a gonadotropin, a glycoprotein polypeptide hormone.
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Food and Drug Administration
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments.
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Gamete donation
Gamete donation is the donation of gametes, either ova or sperm, and may thus refer to.
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Gamete intrafallopian transfer
Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) is a tool of assisted reproductive technology against infertility.
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General anaesthesia
General anaesthesia or general anesthesia (see spelling differences) is a medically induced coma with loss of protective reflexes, resulting from the administration of one or more general anaesthetic agents.
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Genetic disorder
A genetic disorder is a genetic problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome.
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Genome
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is the genetic material of an organism.
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Genomic imprinting
Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon that causes genes to be expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner.
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Gestational diabetes
Gestational diabetes is a condition in which a woman without diabetes develops high blood sugar levels during pregnancy.
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Gonadotropin
Gonadotropins are glycoprotein polypeptide hormones secreted by gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary of vertebrates.
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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist
A gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist) is a type of medication which affects gonadotropins and sex hormones.
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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists (GnRH antagonists) are a class of medications that antagonize the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRH receptor) and thus the action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
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Good tissue practice
Good tissue practice (GTP) is one of the "GxP" requirements derived from good manufacturing practice.
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Growth hormone
Growth hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin (or as human growth hormone in its human form), is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals.
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Growth medium
A growth medium or culture medium is a solid, liquid or semi-solid designed to support the growth of microorganisms or cells, or small plants like the moss Physcomitrella patens.
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Gynecologic ultrasonography
Gynecologic ultrasonography or gynecologic sonography refers to the application of medical ultrasonography to the female pelvic organs (specifically the uterus, the ovaries, and the Fallopian tubes) as well as the bladder, the adnexa, and the Pouch of Douglas.
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Healthcare in Bedfordshire
Healthcare in Bedfordshire is now the responsibility of Bedfordshire and Luton Clinical Commissioning Groups.
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Healthcare in Essex
Healthcare in Essex is now the responsibility of six Clinical Commissioning Groups: Basildon and Brentwood, Mid Essex, North East Essex, Southend, Thurrock and West Essex.
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Healthcare in Somerset
Healthcare in Somerset is now the responsibility of three Clinical Commissioning Groups covering Somerset, North Somerset and Bath and North East Somerset.
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Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver.
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Hindu
Hindu refers to any person who regards themselves as culturally, ethnically, or religiously adhering to aspects of Hinduism.
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HIV/AIDS
Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
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Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH) is an educational and trade publisher in the United States.
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Human chorionic gonadotropin
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced by the placenta after implantation.
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Human embryogenesis
Human embryogenesis is the process of cell division and cellular differentiation of the embryo that occurs during the early stages of development.
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Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority
The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) is an executive non-departmental public body of the Department of Health in the United Kingdom.
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Human fertilization
Human fertilization is the union of a human egg and sperm, usually occurring in the ampulla of the fallopian tube.
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Human leukocyte antigen
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system or complex is a gene complex encoding the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins in humans.
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Human sexual activity
Human sexual activity, human sexual practice or human sexual behaviour is the manner in which humans experience and express their sexuality.
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Hydrosalpinx
A hydrosalpinx is a distally blocked fallopian tube filled with serous or clear fluid.
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Hypertension
Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
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Hypertensive disease of pregnancy
Hypertensive disease of pregnancy, also known as maternal hypertensive disorder, is a group of diseases that includes preeclampsia, eclampsia, gestational hypertension, and chronic hypertension.
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Impaired fasting glucose
Impaired fasting glucose, or impaired fasting glycemia (IFG) is a type of prediabetes, in which a person's blood sugar levels during fasting are consistently above the normal range, but below the diagnostic cut-off for a formal diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.
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Imperforate anus
An imperforate anus or anorectal malformations (ARMs) are birth defects in which the rectum is malformed.
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Implant (medicine)
An implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing biological structure, support a damaged biological structure, or enhance an existing biological structure.
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Implantation (human embryo)
In humans, implantation is the stage of pregnancy at which the already fertilized egg adheres to the wall of the uterus.
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In vitro
In vitro (meaning: in the glass) studies are performed with microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules outside their normal biological context.
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In vitro fertilisation
In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a process of fertilisation where an egg is combined with sperm outside the body, in vitro ("in glass").
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India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
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Infertility
Infertility is the inability of a person, animal or plant to reproduce by natural means.
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Inositol
Myo-inositol, or simply inositol, is a carbocyclic sugar that is abundant in brain and other mammalian tissues, mediates cell signal transduction in response to a variety of hormones, neurotransmitters and growth factors and participates in osmoregulation It is a sugar alcohol with half the sweetness of sucrose (table sugar).
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Insemination
Insemination is the deliberate introduction of sperm into a female animal or plant for the purpose of impregnating or fertilizing the female for sexual reproduction.
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Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure in which a single sperm cell is injected directly into the cytoplasm of an egg.
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Islam
IslamThere are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or, and whether the a is pronounced, or (when the stress is on the first syllable) (Merriam Webster).
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Jacob M. Appel
Jacob M. Appel (born February 21, 1973) is an American author, poet, bioethicist, physician, lawyer and social critic.
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Judaism and sexuality
The Jewish tradition devotes considerable attention to sexuality.
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Karna
Karna (Sanskrit: कर्ण, IAST transliteration: Karṇa), originally known as Vasusena, is one of the central characters in the Hindu epic Mahābhārata, from ancient India.
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Kolkata
Kolkata (also known as Calcutta, the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal.
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Labor induction
Labor induction is the process or treatment that stimulates childbirth and delivery.
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Laparoscopy
Laparoscopy is an operation performed in the abdomen or pelvis through small incisions (usually 0.5–1.5 cm) with the aid of a camera.
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Laura Chinchilla
Laura Chinchilla Miranda (born 28 March 1959) is a Costa Rican politician who was President of Costa Rica from 2010 to 2014.
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Live birth (human)
In human reproduction, a live birth occurs when a fetus, whatever its gestational age, exits the maternal body and subsequently shows any sign of life, such as voluntary movement, heartbeat, or pulsation of the umbilical cord, for however brief a time and regardless of whether the umbilical cord or placenta are intact.
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Louise Brown
Louise Joy Brown (born 25 July 1978) is an English woman known for being the first human to have been born after conception by ''in vitro'' fertilisation, or IVF.
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Luteal support
Luteal support is the administration of medication, generally progesterone, progestins or GnRH agonists, to increase the success rate of implantation and early embryogenesis, thereby complementing and/or supporting the function of the corpus luteum.
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Luteinizing hormone
Luteinizing hormone (LH, also known as lutropin and sometimes lutrophin) is a hormone produced by gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland.
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Major depressive disorder
Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known simply as depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of low mood that is present across most situations.
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Male infertility
Male infertility refers to a male's inability to cause pregnancy in a fertile female.
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Masturbation
Masturbation is the sexual stimulation of one's own genitals for sexual arousal or other sexual pleasure, usually to the point of orgasm.
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Melatonin
Melatonin, also known as N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine, is a hormone that is produced by the pineal gland in animals and regulates sleep and wakefulness.
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Membrana granulosa
The larger ovarian follicles consist of an external fibrovascular coat, connected with the surrounding stroma of the ovary by a network of bloodvessels; and an internal coat, which consists of several layers of nucleated cells, called the membrana granulosa.
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Menopause
Menopause, also known as the climacteric, is the time in most women's lives when menstrual periods stop permanently, and they are no longer able to bear children.
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Meta-analysis
A meta-analysis is a statistical analysis that combines the results of multiple scientific studies.
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Metabolome
The metabolome refers to the complete set of small-molecule chemicals found within a biological sample.
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Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
The is a cabinet level ministry of the Japanese government.
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Miscarriage
Miscarriage, also known as spontaneous abortion and pregnancy loss, is the natural death of an embryo or fetus before it is able to survive independently.
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Mitochondrial replacement therapy
Mitochondrial replacement (MRT, sometimes called mitochondrial donation) is a special form of in vitro fertilisation in which the future baby's mitochondrial DNA comes from a third party.
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Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms.
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Mosaic (genetics)
In genetics, a mosaic, or mosaicism, involves the presence of two or more populations of cells with different genotypes in one individual, who has developed from a single fertilized egg.
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Multiple birth
A multiple birth is the culmination of one multiple pregnancy, wherein the mother delivers two or more offspring.
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Natalie Suleman
Natalie Denise Doud-Suleman (born Nadya Denise Suleman; July 11, 1975), known as Octomom in the media, is an American media personality who came to international attention when she gave birth to octuplets in January 2009.
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National Health Service (England)
The National Health Service (NHS) is the publicly funded national healthcare system for England and one of the four National Health Services for each constituent country of the United Kingdom.
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National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is an executive non-departmental public body of the Department of Health in the United Kingdom, which publishes guidelines in four areas.
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Natural family planning
Natural family planning (NFP) comprises the family planning methods approved by the Roman Catholic Church and some Protestant denominations for both achieving and postponing or avoiding pregnancy.
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Nature (journal)
Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.
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Neuroticism
Neuroticism is one of the Big Five higher-order personality traits in the study of psychology.
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NHS treatments blacklist
The NHS has produced lists of procedures of limited clinical effectiveness for many years, advising that they should not be carried out except in exceptional cases.
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Niddah
Niddah (or nidah; נִדָּה), in Judaism, describes a woman during menstruation, or a woman who has menstruated and not yet completed the associated requirement of immersion in a mikveh (ritual bath).
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Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin), administered by the Nobel Foundation, is awarded once a year for outstanding discoveries in the fields of life sciences and medicine.
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North Coast Women's Care Medical Group, Inc. v. Superior Court
North Coast Women's Care Medical Group vs.
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Nuclear DNA
Nuclear DNA, or nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (nDNA), is the DNA contained within the nucleus of a eukaryotic organism.
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Odds ratio
In statistics, the odds ratio (OR) is one of three main ways to quantify how strongly the presence or absence of property A is associated with the presence or absence of property B in a given population.
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Ogikubo, Tokyo
Ogikubo (荻窪) is a suburban, residential area of Tokyo in Suginami ward, approximately 8 km west of Shinjuku.
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One-child policy
The one-child policy, a part of the family planning policy, was a population planning policy of China.
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Oocyte cryopreservation
Human oocyte cryopreservation (egg freezing) is a procedure to preserve a woman's eggs (oocytes).
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Oocyte selection
Oocyte selection is a procedure that is performed prior to in vitro fertilization, in order to use oocytes with maximal chances of resulting in pregnancy.
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Orthodox Judaism
Orthodox Judaism is a collective term for the traditionalist branches of Judaism, which seek to maximally maintain the received Jewish beliefs and observances and which coalesced in opposition to the various challenges of modernity and secularization.
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Ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer is a cancer that forms in or on an ovary.
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Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a medical condition that can occur in some women who take fertility medication to stimulate egg growth, and in other women in very rare cases.
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Ovary
The ovary is an organ found in the female reproductive system that produces an ovum.
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Pandava
In the Mahabharata, a Hindu epic text, the Pandavas are the five acknowledged sons of Pandu, by his two wives Kunti and Madri, who was the princess of Madra.
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Patrick Steptoe
Patrick Christopher Steptoe CBE FRS (9 June 1913, Oxford, England – 21 March 1988, Canterbury) was a British obstetrician and gynaecologist and a pioneer of fertility treatment.
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Perinatal mortality
Perinatal mortality (PNM), also perinatal death, refers to the death of a fetus or neonate and is the basis to calculate the perinatal mortality rate.
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Petri dish
A Petri dish (sometimes spelled "Petrie Dish" and alternatively known as a Petri plate or cell-culture dish), named after the German bacteriologist Julius Richard Petri, is a shallow cylindrical glass or plastic lidded dish that biologists use to culture cellssuch as bacteriaor small mosses.
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Population control
Population control is the practice of artificially maintaining the size of any population.
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Potential person
In philosophy and bioethics, potential (future) person (in plural, sometimes termed potential people) has been defined as an entity which is not currently a person but which is capable of developing into a person, given certain biologically and/or technically possible conditions.
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Prader–Willi syndrome
Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder due to loss of function of specific genes.
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Pregnancy
Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman.
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Pregnancy rate
Pregnancy rate is the success rate for getting pregnant.
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Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD or PIGD) is the genetic profiling of embryos prior to implantation (as a form of embryo profiling), and sometimes even of oocytes prior to fertilization.
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Premature rupture of membranes
Premature rupture of membranes (PROM), or pre-labor rupture of membranes, is a condition that can occur in pregnancy.
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Prenatal sex discernment
Prenatal sex discernment is the prenatal testing for discerning the sex of a fetus before birth.
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Preterm birth
Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age.
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Procedural sedation and analgesia
Procedural sedation and analgesia, previously referred to as conscious sedation, is defined as "a technique of administering sedatives or dissociative agents with or without analgesics to induce a state that allows the patient to tolerate unpleasant procedures while maintaining cardiorespiratory function.".
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Progesterone
Progesterone (P4) is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species.
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Progestin
A progestin is a type of medication which is used most commonly in hormonal birth control and menopausal hormone therapy.
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Pronucleus
A pronucleus (plural: pronuclei) is the nucleus of a sperm or an egg cell during the process of fertilization, after the sperm enters the ovum, but before the genetic material of the sperm and egg fuse.
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Proteome
The proteome is the entire set of proteins that is, or can be, expressed by a genome, cell, tissue, or organism at a certain time.
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Publication bias
Publication bias is a type of bias that occurs in published academic research.
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Punya (Hinduism)
Punya (Sanskrit: पुण्य) is a difficult word to translate; there is no equivalent English word to convey its exact intended meaning.
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Radio-frequency identification
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects.
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Randomized controlled trial
A randomized controlled trial (or randomized control trial; RCT) is a type of scientific (often medical) experiment which aims to reduce bias when testing a new treatment.
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Reciprocal IVF
Reciprocal IVF, also known as shared motherhood, partner IVF, co-IVF and ROPA (reception of oocytes from partner) is a method of family building that is used by couples who both possess female reproductive organs.
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Reform Judaism
Reform Judaism (also known as Liberal Judaism or Progressive Judaism) is a major Jewish denomination that emphasizes the evolving nature of the faith, the superiority of its ethical aspects to the ceremonial ones, and a belief in a continuous revelation not centered on the theophany at Mount Sinai.
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Relative risk
In statistics and epidemiology, relative risk or risk ratio (RR) is the ratio of the probability of an event occurring (for example, developing a disease, being injured) in an exposed group to the probability of the event occurring in a comparison, non-exposed group.
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Risk factor
In epidemiology, a risk factor is a variable associated with an increased risk of disease or infection.
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Robert Edwards (physiologist)
Sir Robert Geoffrey Edwards, (27 September 1925 – 10 April 2013) was an English physiologist and pioneer in reproductive medicine, and in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) in particular.
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Royal Oldham Hospital
The Royal Oldham Hospital is a NHS hospital in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England.
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Royton
Royton is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Greater Manchester, England, with a population of 21,284 in 2011.
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Salpingectomy
Salpingectomy refers to the surgical removal of a Fallopian tube.
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Savior sibling
A savior baby or savior sibling is a child who is born to provide an organ or cell transplant to a sibling that is affected with a fatal disease, such as cancer or Fanconi anemia, that can best be treated by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Selenium
Selenium is a chemical element with symbol Se and atomic number 34.
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Semen
Semen, also known as seminal fluid, is an organic fluid that may contain spermatozoa.
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Semen quality
Semen quality is a measure of the ability of semen to accomplish fertilization.
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Sex linkage
Sex linkage is the phenotypic expression of an allele related to the allosome (sex chromosome) of the individual.
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Sex ratio
The sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population.
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Sex selection
Sex selection is the attempt to control the sex of the offspring to achieve a desired sex.
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Small for gestational age
Small for gestational age (SGA) newborns are those who are smaller in size than normal for the gestational age, most commonly defined as a weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age.
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Soul
In many religious, philosophical, and mythological traditions, there is a belief in the incorporeal essence of a living being called the soul. Soul or psyche (Greek: "psychē", of "psychein", "to breathe") are the mental abilities of a living being: reason, character, feeling, consciousness, memory, perception, thinking, etc.
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Sperm
Sperm is the male reproductive cell and is derived from the Greek word (σπέρμα) sperma (meaning "seed").
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Sperm donation
Sperm donation is the provision (or "donation") by a man (known as a sperm donor) of his sperm (known as donor sperm), principally for it to be used in the artificial insemination of a woman or women who are not his sexual partners.
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Sperm washing
Sperm washing is the process in which individual sperms are separated from the semen.
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Spermatozoon
A spermatozoon (pronounced, alternate spelling spermatozoön; plural spermatozoa; from σπέρμα "seed" and ζῷον "living being") is a motile sperm cell, or moving form of the haploid cell that is the male gamete.
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Stem cell
Stem cells are biological cells that can differentiate into other types of cells and can divide to produce more of the same type of stem cells.
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Stem cell controversy
The stem cell controversy is the consideration of the ethics of research involving the development, use, and destruction of human embryos.
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Stillbirth
Stillbirth is typically defined as fetal death at or after 20 to 28 weeks of pregnancy.
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Subhash Mukhopadhyay (physician)
Subhash Mukhopadhyay (Bengali: সুভাষ মুখোপাধ্যায়) (16 January 1931 – 19 June 1981) was a physician from Hazaribagh, Bihar (now in Jharkhand), India, who created the world's second and India's first child using in-vitro fertilisation, Durga who was born 67 days after the first IVF baby in United Kingdom.
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Suleman octuplets
The Suleman octuplets are six male and two female children conceived via in vitro fertilization (IVF) and subsequently born to Nadya Suleman on January 26, 2009, in Bellflower, California, United States.
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Surrogacy
Surrogacy is a method or agreement whereby a woman agrees to carry a pregnancy for another person or persons, who will become the newborn child's parent(s) after birth.
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Systematic review
Systematic reviews are a type of literature review that uses systematic methods to collect secondary data, critically appraise research studies, and synthesize studies.
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Tennessee
Tennessee (translit) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States.
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Teratospermia
Teratospermia or teratozoospermia is a condition characterized by the presence of sperm with abnormal morphology that affects fertility in males.
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Third-party reproduction
Third-party reproduction or donor-assisted reproduction is any human reproduction in which DNA or gestation is provided by a third party or donor other than the one or two parents who will raise the resulting child.
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Thyroid disease
Thyroid disease is a medical condition that affects the function of the thyroid gland (the endocrine organ found at the front of the neck that produces thyroid hormones).
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Time-lapse embryo imaging
Time-lapse embryo imaging is an emerging non-invasive embryo selection technique used in reproductive biology.
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Time-lapse microscopy
Time-lapse microscopy is time-lapse photography applied to microscopy.
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Tobacco smoking
Tobacco smoking is the practice of smoking tobacco and inhaling tobacco smoke (consisting of particle and gaseous phases).
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Transcriptome
The transcriptome is the set of all RNA molecules in one cell or a population of cells.
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Transvaginal oocyte retrieval
Transvaginal oocyte retrieval (TVOR), also referred to as oocyte retrieval (OCR), is a technique used in in vitro fertilization (IVF) in order to remove oocytes from the ovary of a woman, enabling fertilization outside the body.
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Unintended consequences
In the social sciences, unintended consequences (sometimes unanticipated consequences or unforeseen consequences) are outcomes that are not the ones foreseen and intended by a purposeful action.
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Uterus
The uterus (from Latin "uterus", plural uteri) or womb is a major female hormone-responsive secondary sex organ of the reproductive system in humans and most other mammals.
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Vagina
In mammals, the vagina is the elastic, muscular part of the female genital tract.
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Venous thrombosis
A venous thrombus is a blood clot (thrombus) that forms within a vein.
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Vertically transmitted infection
A vertically transmitted infection is an infection caused by pathogens (such as bacteria and viruses) that uses mother-to-child transmission, that is, transmission directly from the mother to an embryo, fetus, or baby during pregnancy or childbirth.
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Victoria (Australia)
Victoria (abbreviated as Vic) is a state in south-eastern Australia.
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Vitamin A
Vitamin A is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds that includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, and several provitamin A carotenoids (most notably beta-carotene).
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Vitamin C
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid and L-ascorbic acid, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.
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Vitamin E
Vitamin E is a group of eight compounds that include four tocopherols and four tocotrienols.
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Zinc
Zinc is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30.
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Zygote
A zygote (from Greek ζυγωτός zygōtos "joined" or "yoked", from ζυγοῦν zygoun "to join" or "to yoke") is a eukaryotic cell formed by a fertilization event between two gametes.
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Redirects here:
Artificial fertilisation, Artificial fertilization, Candice Reed, Co-incubation, Embryo culturing, Embryo destruction, Embryo selection, Extra embryos, Fertilization in vitro, Fresh IVF, I.V.F, IVF, IVF-ET, IVF/ICSI, In Vitro Fertilisation, In Vitro Fertilization, In Vitro fertilization, In vitro Fertilization, In vitro conception, In vitro fertilization, In-Vitro Fertilization, In-vitro fertilisation, In-vitro fertilization, Invitrio fertilisation, Invitrio fertilization, Invitro fertilisation, Invitro fertilization, Ivf, Ivf-et, Preimplantation screening, Sequential culture media, Sequential culture medium, Sequential media, Sequential medium, Test Tube Babies, Test tube babies, Test tube baby, Test-tube babies, Test-tube baby, Vitro fertilisation, Vitro fertilization.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro_fertilisation
