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Table of Contents

1. 693 relations: A. P. Elkin, AACTA Awards, Aaron Fa'aoso, Aaron Pedersen, Aṉangu, ABC News (Australia), ABC TV (Australian TV channel), Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission, Aboriginal Australians, Aboriginal Centre for the Performing Arts, Aboriginal deaths in custody, Aboriginal History, Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976, Aboriginal Land Rights Commission, Aboriginal Memorial, Aboriginal Protection Board, Aboriginal sites of New South Wales, Aboriginal Tasmanians, Aboriginal Tent Embassy, Aboriginal title, Aboriginal tracker, Aboriginal Victorians, Aborigines Progressive Association, Academic degree, Act of parliament, Adam Giles, Adam Goodes, Adelaide, Adelaide Park Lands, Aden Ridgeway, ADMIXTOOLS, Afghan cameleers in Australia, African Australians, Age adjustment, Agglutinative language, Albany Island, Albert Namatjira, Alcohol abuse, Aldo Massola, Alexis Wright, Alison Anderson, Allen & Unwin, Amnesty International, Ancestor, Ancient East Eurasians, Andamanese peoples, Anecdotal evidence, Anglican Church of Australia, Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities, Anita Heiss, ... Expand index (643 more) » « Shrink index

2. Indigenous peoples of Australia

A. P. Elkin

Adolphus Peter Elkin (27 March 1891 – 9 July 1979) was an Anglican clergyman, an influential Australian anthropologist during the mid twentieth century and a proponent of the assimilation of Indigenous Australians.

See Indigenous Australians and A. P. Elkin

AACTA Awards

The Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts Awards, known as the AACTA Awards, are presented annually by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts (AACTA).

See Indigenous Australians and AACTA Awards

Aaron Fa'aoso

Aaron Fa'aoso is an Australian actor, screenwriter and producer, known for his roles in East West 101, The Straits (which he also wrote and produced) and Black Comedy.

See Indigenous Australians and Aaron Fa'aoso

Aaron Pedersen

Aaron Pedersen (born 24 November 1970) is an Aboriginal Australian television and film actor.

See Indigenous Australians and Aaron Pedersen

Aṉangu

Aṉangu is the name used by members of several Aboriginal Australian groups, roughly approximate to the Western Desert cultural bloc, to describe themselves.

See Indigenous Australians and Aṉangu

ABC News (Australia)

ABC News, also known as ABC News and Current Affairs and overseas as ABC Australia, is a public news service produced by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.

See Indigenous Australians and ABC News (Australia)

ABC TV (Australian TV channel)

ABC TV, formerly known as ABC1, is an Australian national public television network.

See Indigenous Australians and ABC TV (Australian TV channel)

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission

The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) (1990–2005) was the Australian Government body through which Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders were formally involved in the processes of government affecting their lives, established under the Hawke government in 1990.

See Indigenous Australians and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission

Aboriginal Australians

Aboriginal Australians are the various Indigenous peoples of the Australian mainland and many of its islands, excluding the ethnically distinct people of the Torres Strait Islands. Indigenous Australians and Aboriginal Australians are indigenous peoples of Australia.

See Indigenous Australians and Aboriginal Australians

Aboriginal Centre for the Performing Arts

The Aboriginal Centre for the Performing Arts (ACPA) is a national Australian institution for the culturally sensitive training of Aboriginal Australian and Torres Strait Islander people in the performing arts.

See Indigenous Australians and Aboriginal Centre for the Performing Arts

Aboriginal deaths in custody

Aboriginal deaths in custody is a political and social issue in Australia.

See Indigenous Australians and Aboriginal deaths in custody

Aboriginal History

Aboriginal History is an annual peer-reviewed academic journal published as an open access journal by Aboriginal History Inc and ANU Press.

See Indigenous Australians and Aboriginal History

Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976

The Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 (ALRA) is Australian federal government legislation that provides the basis upon which Aboriginal Australian people in the Northern Territory can claim rights to land based on traditional occupation.

See Indigenous Australians and Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976

Aboriginal Land Rights Commission

The Aboriginal Land Rights Commission, also known as the Woodward Royal Commission, was a Royal Commission that existed from 1973 to 1974 with the purpose to inquire into appropriate ways to recognise Aboriginal land rights in the Northern Territory of Australia.

See Indigenous Australians and Aboriginal Land Rights Commission

Aboriginal Memorial

The Aboriginal Memorial is a work of contemporary Indigenous Australian art from the late 1980s, and comprises 200 decorated hollow log coffins (also known as memorial poles, dupun, ḻarrakitj and other terms).

See Indigenous Australians and Aboriginal Memorial

Aboriginal Protection Board

Aboriginal Protection Board, also known as Aborigines Protection Board, Board for the Protection of Aborigines, Aborigines Welfare Board (and in later sources, incorrectly as Aboriginal Welfare Board), and similar names, refers to a number of historical Australian state-run institutions with the function of regulating the lives of Aboriginal Australians.

See Indigenous Australians and Aboriginal Protection Board

Aboriginal sites of New South Wales

Aboriginal sites of New South Wales consist of a large number of places in the Australian state of New South Wales where it is still possible to see visible signs of the activities and culture of the Australian Aboriginals who previously occupied these areas.

See Indigenous Australians and Aboriginal sites of New South Wales

Aboriginal Tasmanians

The Aboriginal Tasmanians (Palawa kani: Palawa or Pakana) are the Aboriginal people of the Australian island of Tasmania, located south of the mainland.

See Indigenous Australians and Aboriginal Tasmanians

Aboriginal Tent Embassy

The Aboriginal Tent Embassy is a permanent protest occupation site as a focus for representing the political rights of Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islander people.

See Indigenous Australians and Aboriginal Tent Embassy

Aboriginal title

Aboriginal title is a common law doctrine that the land rights of indigenous peoples to customary tenure persist after the assumption of sovereignty to that land by another colonising state.

See Indigenous Australians and Aboriginal title

Aboriginal tracker

Aboriginal trackers were enlisted by Europeans in the years following British colonisation of Australia, to assist them in exploring the Australian landscape.

See Indigenous Australians and Aboriginal tracker

Aboriginal Victorians

Aboriginal Victorians, the Aboriginal Australians of Victoria, Australia, occupied the land for tens of thousands of years prior to European settlement.

See Indigenous Australians and Aboriginal Victorians

Aborigines Progressive Association

The Aborigines Progressive Association (APA) was an Aboriginal Australian rights organisation in New South Wales that was founded and run by William Ferguson and Jack Patten from 1937 to 1944, and was then revived from 1963 until around 1970 by Herbert Groves.

See Indigenous Australians and Aborigines Progressive Association

Academic degree

An academic degree is a qualification awarded to a student upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, usually at a college or university.

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Act of parliament

An act of parliament, as a form of primary legislation, is a text of law passed by the legislative body of a jurisdiction (often a parliament or council).

See Indigenous Australians and Act of parliament

Adam Giles

Adam Graham Giles (né Romer; born 10 April 1973) is an Australian former politician and former Chief Minister of the Northern Territory (2013–2016) as well as the former leader of the Country Liberal Party (CLP) in the unicameral Northern Territory Parliament.

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Adam Goodes

Adam Roy Goodes (born 8 January 1980) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Sydney Swans in the Australian Football League (AFL).

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Adelaide

Adelaide (Tarntanya) is the capital and most populous city of South Australia, and the fifth-most populous city in Australia. "Adelaide" may refer to either Greater Adelaide (including the Adelaide Hills) or the Adelaide city centre. The demonym Adelaidean is used to denote the city and the residents of Adelaide.

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Adelaide Park Lands

The Adelaide Park Lands comprise the figure-eight configuration of land, spanning both banks of the River Torrens between Hackney and Thebarton, which encloses and separates the City of Adelaide area (including both the Adelaide city centre and North Adelaide) from the surrounding suburbia of greater metropolitan Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia.

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Aden Ridgeway

Aden Derek Ridgeway (born 18 September 1962) is an Australian former politician.

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ADMIXTOOLS

ADMIXTOOLS (or AdmixTools) is a software package that is primarily used for analyzing admixture in population genetics.

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Afghan cameleers in Australia

Afghan cameleers in Australia, also known as "Afghans" (افغانان) or "Ghans" (غانز), were camel drivers who worked in Outback Australia from the 1860s to the 1930s.

See Indigenous Australians and Afghan cameleers in Australia

African Australians

African Australians are Australians descended from the any peoples of Sub-Saharan Africa, including naturalised Australians who are immigrants from various regions in Sub-Saharan Africa and descendants of such immigrants.

See Indigenous Australians and African Australians

Age adjustment

In epidemiology and demography, age adjustment, also called age standardization, is a technique used to allow statistical populations to be compared when the age profiles of the populations are quite different.

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Agglutinative language

An agglutinative language is a type of synthetic language with morphology that primarily uses agglutination.

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Albany Island

Albany Island or Pabaju is an island off the north-eastern coast of Cape York Peninsula in the Adolphus Channel of Queensland, Australia.

See Indigenous Australians and Albany Island

Albert Namatjira

Albert Namatjira (born Elea Namatjira; 28 July 1902 – 8 August 1959) was an Arrernte painter from the MacDonnell Ranges in Central Australia, widely considered one of the most notable Australian artists.

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Alcohol abuse

Alcohol abuse encompasses a spectrum of alcohol-related substance abuse, ranging from the consumption of more than 2 drinks per day on average for men, or more than 1 drink per day on average for women, to binge drinking or alcohol use disorder.

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Aldo Massola

Aldo Massola (9 September 1910 – 6 July 1975) was an Italian-Australian anthropologist, a curator at the National Museum of Victoria in Melbourne from 1954 to 1964, who overcame scandal in his personal life to author a number of influential books about Aboriginal Victorians.

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Alexis Wright

Alexis Wright (born 25 November 1950) is a Waanyi (Aboriginal Australian) writer best known for winning the Miles Franklin Award for her 2006 novel Carpentaria and for being the first writer to win the Stella Prize twice, in 2018 for her "collective memoir" of Leigh Bruce "Tracker" Tilmouth and in 2024 for Praiseworthy.

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Alison Anderson

Alison Nampitjinpa Anderson (born 28 January 1958) is an Australian politician.

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Allen & Unwin

George Allen & Unwin was a British publishing company formed in 1911 when Sir Stanley Unwin purchased a controlling interest in George Allen & Co.

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Amnesty International

Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom.

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Ancestor

An ancestor, also known as a forefather, fore-elder, or a forebear, is a parent or (recursively) the parent of an antecedent (i.e., a grandparent, great-grandparent, great-great-grandparent and so forth).

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Ancient East Eurasians

The term Ancient East Eurasian, alternatively also known as East Eurasian or Eastern Eurasian, is used in population genomics to describe the genetic ancestry and phylogenetic relationship of diverse populations primarily living in the Asia-Pacific region, belonging to the "Eastern Eurasian clade" of human genetic diversity, and which can be associated with the Initial Upper Paleolithic (IUP) wave, following the Out of Africa migration (>60kya).

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Andamanese peoples

The Andamanese are the various indigenous peoples of the Andaman Islands, part of India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the union territory in the southeastern part of the Bay of Bengal.

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Anecdotal evidence

Anecdotal evidence is evidence based only on personal observation, collected in a casual or non-systematic manner.

See Indigenous Australians and Anecdotal evidence

Anglican Church of Australia

The Anglican Church of Australia, formerly known as the Church of England in Australia and Tasmania, is a Christian church in Australia and an autonomous church of the Anglican Communion.

See Indigenous Australians and Anglican Church of Australia

Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities

Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities (AMRRIC) is an Australian organisation that works alongside Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to coordinate and facilitate sustainable, culturally-sensitive, professional animal health programs.

See Indigenous Australians and Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities

Anita Heiss

Anita Marianne Heiss (born 1968) is an Aboriginal Australian author, poet, cultural activist and social commentator.

See Indigenous Australians and Anita Heiss

Annexation

Annexation, in international law, is the forcible acquisition and assertion of legal title over one state's territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory.

See Indigenous Australians and Annexation

ANU Press

ANU Press (or Australian National University Press; originally ANU E Press) is a new university press (NUP) that publishes open-access books, textbooks and journals.

See Indigenous Australians and ANU Press

Anxiety

Anxiety is an emotion which is characterised by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil and includes feelings of dread over anticipated events.

See Indigenous Australians and Anxiety

Apology to Australia's Indigenous peoples

On 13 February 2008, the Parliament of Australia issued a formal apology to Indigenous Australians for forced removals of Australian Indigenous children (often referred to as the Stolen Generations) from their families by Australian federal and state government agencies.

See Indigenous Australians and Apology to Australia's Indigenous peoples

Arena (Australian publishing co-operative)

Arena is an independent Australian critical and radical publishing cooperative that has been continuously producing writings since its founding in 1963.

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Arnhem Land

Arnhem Land is a historical region of the Northern Territory of Australia.

See Indigenous Australians and Arnhem Land

Arrernte people

The Arrernte people, sometimes referred to as the Aranda, Arunta or Arrarnta, are a group of Aboriginal Australian peoples who live in the Arrernte lands, at Mparntwe (Alice Springs) and surrounding areas of the Central Australia region of the Northern Territory. Many still speak one of the various Arrernte dialects.

See Indigenous Australians and Arrernte people

Art Gallery of New South Wales

The Art Gallery of New South Wales (AGNSW), founded as the New South Wales Academy of Art in 1872 and known as the National Art Gallery of New South Wales between 1883 and 1958, is located in The Domain, Sydney, Australia.

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Arthur Beetson

Arthur Henry "Artie" Beetson OAM (21 January 1945 – 1 December 2011 article at dailytelegraph.com.au) was an Australian rugby league footballer and coach.

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Arthur Phillip

Arthur Phillip (11 October 1738 – 31 August 1814) was a British Royal Navy officer who served as the first governor of the Colony of New South Wales.

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Ashleigh Barty

Ashleigh Jacinta Barty (born 24 April 1996) is an Australian former professional tennis player and cricketer.

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Assault

An assault is the illegal act of causing physical harm or unwanted physical contact to another person, or, in some legal definitions, the threat or attempt to do so.

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Atherton Tableland

The Atherton Tableland is a fertile plateau, which is part of the Great Dividing Range in Queensland, Australia.

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Attorney-General of Australia

The attorney-general of Australia (AG) is the minister of state and chief law officer of the Commonwealth of Australia charged with overseeing federal legal affairs and public security as the head of the Attorney-General’s Department.

See Indigenous Australians and Attorney-General of Australia

AustLit

AustLit: The Australian Literature Resource (also known as AustLit: Australian Literature Gateway; and AustLit: The Resource for Australian Literature), is the national bio-bibliographical database of Australian Literature.

See Indigenous Australians and AustLit

Australasia

Australasia is a subregion of Oceania, comprising Australia, New Zealand, and some neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean.

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Australasian Legal Information Institute

The Australasian Legal Information Institute (AustLII) is an institution operated jointly by the Faculties of Law of the University of Technology Sydney and the University of New South Wales.

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Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.

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Australia (continent)

The continent of Australia, sometimes known in technical contexts by the names Sahul, Australia-New Guinea, Australinea, Oceania, or Meganesia to distinguish it from the country of Australia, is located within the Southern and Eastern hemispheres.

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Australia and New Zealand School of Government

The Australia and New Zealand School of Government (ANZSOG) is an educational institution that teaches strategic management and high-level policy to public sector leaders.

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Australia Day

Australia Day is the official national day of Australia.

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Australia men's national rugby union team

The Australia men's national rugby union team, nicknamed the Wallabies, is the representative men's national team in the sport of rugby union for the nation of Australia.

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Australia national rugby league team

The Australian national rugby league team, the Kangaroos, have represented Australia in senior men's rugby league football competitions since the establishment of the game in Australia in 1908.

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Australian Aboriginal cricket team in England in 1868

In 1868, a cricket team composed of Aboriginal Australians toured England between May and October of that year, being the first organised group of Australian sportspeople to travel overseas.

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Australian Aboriginal English

Australian Aboriginal English (AAE or AbE) is a cover term used for the complex, rule-governed varieties of English used by a large section of the Indigenous Australian (Aboriginal Australian and Torres Strait Islander) population as a result of colonisation.

See Indigenous Australians and Australian Aboriginal English

Australian Aboriginal fibrecraft

Australian Aboriginal fibrecraft refers to the various ways Aboriginal Australians create fibres traditionally.

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Australian Aboriginal flag

The Australian Aboriginal flag is the official flag of Aboriginal Australians.

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Australian Aboriginal identity

Aboriginal Australian identity, sometimes known as Aboriginality, is the perception of oneself as Aboriginal Australian, or the recognition by others of that identity.

See Indigenous Australians and Australian Aboriginal identity

Australian Aboriginal kinship

Aboriginal Australian kinship comprises the systems of Aboriginal customary law governing social interaction relating to kinship in traditional Aboriginal cultures.

See Indigenous Australians and Australian Aboriginal kinship

Australian Aboriginal languages

The Indigenous languages of Australia number in the hundreds, the precise number being quite uncertain, although there is a range of estimates from a minimum of around 250 (using the technical definition of 'language' as non-mutually intelligible varieties) up to possibly 363.

See Indigenous Australians and Australian Aboriginal languages

Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology

Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology is the sacred spirituality represented in the stories performed by Aboriginal Australians within each of the language groups across Australia in their ceremonies.

See Indigenous Australians and Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology

Australian Aboriginal sacred site

An Australian Aboriginal sacred site is a place deemed significant and meaningful by Aboriginal Australians based on their beliefs.

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Australian Army

The Australian Army is the principal land warfare force of Australia, a part of the Australian Defence Force (ADF) along with the Royal Australian Navy and the Royal Australian Air Force.

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Australian Broadcasting Corporation

The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), is the national broadcaster of Australia.

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Australian Bureau of Statistics

The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) is an Australian Government agency that collects and analyses statistics on economic, population, environmental, and social issues to advise the Australian Government.

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Australian Capital Territory

The Australian Capital Territory (ACT), known as the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) until 1938, is a federal territory of Australia.

See Indigenous Australians and Australian Capital Territory

Australian English

Australian English (AusE, AusEng, AuE, AuEng, en-AU) is the set of varieties of the English language native to Australia.

See Indigenous Australians and Australian English

Australian Football League

The Australian Football League (AFL) is the pre-eminent and only fully professional competition of Australian rules football.

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Australian frontier wars

The Australian frontier wars were the violent conflicts between Indigenous Australians (including both Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders) and primarily British settlers during the colonial period of Australia.

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Australian Government

The Australian Government, also known as the Commonwealth Government or the Federal Government, is the national executive government of the Commonwealth of Australia, a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy.

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Australian House of Representatives

The Australian House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Australia, the upper house being the Senate.

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Australian Human Rights Commission

The Australian Human Rights Commission is the national human rights institution of Australia, established in 1986 as the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (HREOC) and renamed in 2008.

See Indigenous Australians and Australian Human Rights Commission

Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet

The Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet, formerly National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Clearinghouse, is an internet resource that collects, collates, interprets, and presents evidence-derived knowledge on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health in Australia.

See Indigenous Australians and Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet

Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies

The Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS), established as the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies (AIAS) in 1964, is an independent Australian Government statutory authority.

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Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) is Australia's national agency for information and statistics on Australia's health and welfare.

See Indigenous Australians and Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

Australian Kriol

Australian Kriol also known as Roper
 River 
Kriol,
 Fitzroy
 Valley
 Kriol, 
Northern 
Australian
 Creole or Aboriginal
 English is an English-based creole language that developed from a pidgin used initially in the region of Sydney and Newcastle in New South Wales, Australia, in the early days of European colonisation.

See Indigenous Australians and Australian Kriol

Australian Labor Party

The Australian Labor Party (ALP), also known simply as Labor or the Labor Party, is the major centre-left political party in Australia and one of two major parties in Australian politics, along with the centre-right Liberal Party of Australia.

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Australian Law Reform Commission

The Australian Law Reform Commission (often abbreviated to ALRC) is an Australian independent statutory body established to conduct reviews into the law of Australia.

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Australian megafauna

The term Australian megafauna refers to the megafauna in Australia during the Pleistocene Epoch.

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Australian Museum

The Australian Museum is a heritage-listed museum at 1 William Street, Sydney central business district, New South Wales, Australia.

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Australian National University

The Australian National University (ANU) is a public research university and member of the Group of Eight, located in Canberra, the capital of Australia.

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Australian of the Year

The Australian of the Year is a national award conferred on an Australian citizen by the National Australia Day Council, a not-for-profit Australian Government-owned social enterprise.

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Australian outback literature of the 20th century

Many poets and novelists and specialised writers (missionaries, anthropologists, historians etc.) have written about the Australian outback from first-hand experience.

See Indigenous Australians and Australian outback literature of the 20th century

Australian rules football

Australian rules football, also called Australian football or Aussie rules, or more simply football or footy, is a contact sport played between two teams of 18 players on an oval field, often a modified cricket ground.

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Australian Senate

The Australian Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of Australia, the lower house being the House of Representatives.

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Australo-Melanesian

Australo-Melanesians (also known as Australasians or the Australomelanesoid, Australoid or Australioid race) is an outdated historical grouping of various people indigenous to Melanesia and Australia.

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Baiame

In Australian Aboriginal mythology, Baiame (or Biame, Baayami, Baayama or Byamee) is the creator god and sky father in the Dreaming of several Aboriginal Australian peoples of south-eastern Australia, such as the Wonnarua, Kamilaroi, Guringay, Eora, Darkinjung, and Wiradjuri peoples.

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Bamboo

Bamboos are a diverse group of mostly evergreen perennial flowering plants making up the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae.

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Bangarra Dance Theatre

Bangarra Dance Theatre is an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander dance company focused on contemporary dance.

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Banknotes of the Australian dollar

The notes of the Australian dollar were first issued by the Reserve Bank of Australia on 14 February 1966, when Australia changed to decimal currency and replaced the pound with the dollar.

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Bark painting

Bark painting is an Australian Aboriginal art form, involving painting on the interior of a strip of tree bark.

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Bathurst Island (Northern Territory)

Bathurst Island (Iwaidja: Nguyu) is one of the Tiwi Islands in the Northern Territory off the northern coast of Australia along with Melville Island.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.

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Ben Wyatt (politician)

Benjamin Sana Wyatt (born 1 April 1974) is an Australian politician who was the Labor Party member for the seat of Victoria Park in the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 2006 to 2021.

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Bennelong

Woollarawarre Bennelong (1764 – 3 January 1813), also spelt Baneelon, was a senior man of the Eora, an Aboriginal Australian people of the Port Jackson area, at the time of the first British settlement in Australia in 1788.

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Bess Price

Bess Nungarrayi Price (born 22 October 1960) is an Aboriginal Australian activist and politician.

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Better in Blak

Better in Blak is the debut studio album by Australian singer-songwriter Thelma Plum, released on 12 July 2019 through Warner Music Australia.

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Bill Shorten

William Richard Shorten (born 12 May 1967) is an Australian politician and former trade unionist serving as the current Minister for Government Services and Minister for the National Disability Insurance Scheme since 2022.

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Bipartisanship

Bipartisanship, sometimes referred to as nonpartisanship, is a political situation, usually in the context of a two-party system (especially those of the United States and some other western countries), in which opposing political parties find common ground through compromise.

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Black Comedy (TV series)

Black Comedy is an Australian television sketch comedy program produced by Scarlett Pictures which first screened on ABC on 5 November 2014.

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Black War

The Black War was a period of violent conflict between British colonists and Aboriginal Tasmanians in Tasmania from the mid-1820s to 1832 that precipitated the near extermination of the indigenous population.

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Blackbirding

Blackbirding is the coercion and/or deception of people or kidnapping to work as slaves or poorly paid labourers in countries distant from their native land.

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Blackfella

Blackfella (also blackfellah, blackfulla, black fella, or black fellah) is an informal term in Australian English to refer to Indigenous Australians, in particular Aboriginal Australians, most commonly among themselves.

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Blackfella Films

Blackfella Films is an Australian documentary and narrative film production company is Sydney, founded in 1992 by Rachel Perkins.

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Blood quantum laws

Blood quantum laws or Indian blood laws are laws in the United States that define Native American status by fractions of Native American ancestry.

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Blue Water Empire

Blue Water Empire is a three-part Australian dramatised-documentary series aired on ABC TV in 2019, which gives an insight into the history of the Torres Strait Islands.

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Bob Hawke

Robert James Lee Hawke (9 December 1929 – 16 May 2019) was an Australian politician and trade unionist who served as the 23rd prime minister of Australia from 1983 to 1991.

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Boomerang

A boomerang is a thrown tool typically constructed with airfoil sections and designed to spin about an axis perpendicular to the direction of its flight.

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Botany Bay

Botany Bay (Dharawal: Kamay) is an open oceanic embayment, located in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, south of the Sydney central business district.

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Boxing

Boxing is a combat sport and martial art.

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Briggs (rapper)

Adam Briggs (born 28 August 1986), who performs as Briggs and self-describes as Senator Briggs (although not a member of the Australian Senate), is an Aboriginal Australian rapper, record label owner, comedy writer, actor, and author.

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Bringing Them Home

Bringing Them Home is the 1997 Australian Report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from Their Families.

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Brisbane

Brisbane (Meanjin) is the capital of the state of Queensland and the third-most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a population of approximately 2.6 million.

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British colonisation of South Australia

British colonisation of South Australia describes the planning and establishment of the colony of South Australia by the British government, covering the period from 1829, when the idea was raised by the then-imprisoned Edward Gibbon Wakefield, to 1842, when the South Australia Act 1842 changed the form of government to a Crown colony.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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British subject

The term "British subject" has several different meanings depending on the time period.

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Bruce Pascoe

Bruce Pascoe (born 1947) is an Australian writer of literary fiction, non-fiction, poetry, essays and children's literature.

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Bryan Brown

Bryan Neathway Brown AM (born 23 June 1947) is an Australian actor.

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Buka cloak

A buka (also boka or booka) is a cloak traditionally worn by Noongar peoples, the Indigenous peoples of south-west Western Australia, and by the Indigenous peoples of South Australia.

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Bullroarer

The bullroarer, rhombus, or turndun, is an ancient ritual musical instrument and a device historically used for communicating over great distances.

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Bunjil

Bunjil, also spelt Bundjil, is a creator deity, culture hero and ancestral being, often depicted as a wedge-tailed eagle in Australian Aboriginal mythology of some of the Aboriginal peoples of Victoria.

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Bushranger

Bushrangers were armed robbers who hid from authorities in the bush of the British colonies in Australia.

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Cabinet of Australia

The Cabinet of Australia, also known as the Federal Cabinet, is the chief decision-making body of the Australian government.

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Canberra

Canberra is the capital city of Australia.

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Cannabis

Cannabis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cannabaceae.

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Cannes Film Festival

The Cannes Film Festival (Festival de Cannes), until 2003 called the International Film Festival (Festival international du film), is an annual film festival held in Cannes, France, which previews new films of all genres, including documentaries, from all around the world.

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Canoe

A canoe is a lightweight narrow water vessel, typically pointed at both ends and open on top, propelled by one or more seated or kneeling paddlers facing the direction of travel and using paddles.

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Cape York Peninsula

Cape York Peninsula is a peninsula located in Far North Queensland, Australia.

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Carol Martin (politician)

Carol Anne Martin (née Pilkington; born 13 October 1957) is a former Australian politician who served as a Labor Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia between 2001 and 2013, representing the seat of Kimberley.

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Cathy Freeman

Catherine Astrid Salome Freeman (born 16 February 1973) is an Aboriginal Australian former sprinter, who specialised in the 400 metres event.

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Cattle station

In Australia and New Zealand, a cattle station is a large farm (station is equivalent to the American ranch), the main activity of which is the rearing of cattle.

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Cave of Altamira

The Cave of Altamira (Cueva de Altamira) is a cave complex, located near the historic town of Santillana del Mar in Cantabria, Spain.

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Cave painting

In archaeology, cave paintings are a type of parietal art (which category also includes petroglyphs, or engravings), found on the wall or ceilings of caves.

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Census in Australia

The Census in Australia, officially the Census of Population and Housing, is the national census in Australia that occurs every five years.

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Central Australia

Central Australia, also sometimes referred to as the Red Centre, is an inexactly defined region associated with the geographic centre of Australia.

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Charles Lawrence (cricketer)

Charles Lawrence (16 December 1828 – 20 December 1916) was an English cricketer, who played for Scotland, Ireland, Surrey and England.

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Charles Perkins (Aboriginal activist)

Charles Nelson Perkins, usually known as Charlie Perkins (16 June 1936 – 19 October 2000), was an Aboriginal Australian activist, soccer player and administrator.

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Chickenpox

Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable disease caused by the initial infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV), a member of the herpesvirus family.

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Chief Minister of the Northern Territory

The chief minister of the Northern Territory is the head of government of the Northern Territory.

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Child abuse

Child abuse (also called child endangerment or child maltreatment) is physical, sexual, emotional and/or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child, especially by a parent or a caregiver.

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Chris Kenny

Chris Kenny (born 28 September 1962) is an Australian conservative political commentator, author and former political adviser.

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Christian Gottlieb Teichelmann

Christian Gottlieb Teichelmann (15 December 1807 – 31 May 1888), also spelt Christian Gottlob Teichelmann, was a Lutheran missionary who worked among Australian Aboriginal people in South Australia.

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Christian mission

A Christian mission is an organized effort to carry on evangelism or other activities, such as educational or hospital work, in the name of the Christian faith.

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Christianity

Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

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Christianity in Australia

Christianity is the largest religion in Australia, with a total of 43.9% of the nation-wide population identifying with a Christian denomination in the 2021 census.

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Christine Anu

Christine Anu (born 15 March 1970) is an Australian singer, songwriter and actress.

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Clamor Wilhelm Schürmann

Clamor Wilhelm Schürmann (7 June 1815 – 3 March 1893) was a Lutheran missionary who emigrated to Australia and did fundamental pioneering work, together with his colleague Christian Gottlieb Teichelmann, on recording some Australian languages in South Australia.

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Clan

A clan is a group of people united by actual or perceived kinship and descent.

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Clapstick

Clapsticks, also spelt clap sticks and also known as bilma, bimli, clappers, musicstick or just stick, are a traditional Australian Aboriginal instrument.

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Cleverman (TV series)

Cleverman is an Australian television drama program based on an original concept by Ryan Griffen.

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Closing the Gap

The Closing the Gap framework is a strategy by the Commonwealth and state and territory governments of Australia that aims to reduce disparity between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and non-Indigenous Australians on key health, education and economic opportunity targets.

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Colonialism

Colonialism is the pursuing, establishing and maintaining of control and exploitation of people and of resources by a foreign group.

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Colony of New South Wales

The Colony of New South Wales was a colony of the British Empire from 1788 to 1901, when it became a State of the Commonwealth of Australia.

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Colony of Queensland

The Colony of Queensland was a colony of the British Empire from 1859 to 1901, when it became a State in the federal Commonwealth of Australia on 1 January 1901.

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Color photography

Color photography is photography that uses media capable of capturing and reproducing colors.

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Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902

The Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902 (Cth) was an Act of the Parliament of Australia which set out who was entitled to vote in Australian federal elections.

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Commonwealth Games

The Commonwealth Games is a quadrennial international multi-sport event among athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations, which consists mostly, but not exclusively, of territories of the former British Empire.

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Commonwealth Law Reports

The Commonwealth Law Reports (CLR) are the authorised reports of decisions of the High Court of Australia.

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Commonwealth v Tasmania

Commonwealth v Tasmania (popularly known as the Tasmanian Dam Case) was a significant Australian court case, decided in the High Court of Australia on 1 July 1983.

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Constitution of Australia

The Constitution of Australia (also known as the Commonwealth Constitution) is the fundamental law that governs the political structure of Australia.

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Cooktown, Queensland

Cooktown is a coastal town and locality in the Shire of Cook, Queensland, Australia.

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Coranderrk

Coranderrk was an Aboriginal reserve run by the Victorian government between 1863 and 1924, located around north-east of Melbourne.

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Corroboree

A corroboree is a generic word for a meeting of Australian Aboriginal peoples.

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Cosmos (Australian magazine)

Cosmos (subtitled The Science of Everything) is a science magazine published in Adelaide, South Australia, by CSIRO Publishing that covers science globally.

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Council of Australian Governments

The Council of Australian Governments (COAG) was the primary intergovernmental forum in Australia from 1992 to 2020.

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Country Liberal Party

The Country Liberal Party of the Northern Territory (CLP), commonly known as the Country Liberals, is a centre-right political party in Australia's Northern Territory.

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Criminal justice

Criminal justice is the delivery of justice to those who have been accused of committing crimes.

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Culture

Culture is a concept that encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups.

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Culture of Europe

The culture of Europe is diverse, and rooted in its art, architecture, traditions, cuisines, music, folklore, embroidery, film, literature, economics, philosophy and religious customs.

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Cunt

Cunt is a vulgar word for the vulva.

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Darnley Island (Queensland)

Darnley Island or Erub in the native Papuan language, Meriam Mir, is an island formed by volcanic action and situated in the eastern section of the Torres Strait, Queensland, Australia.

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Darwin, Northern Territory

Darwin (Larrakia) is the capital city of the Northern Territory, Australia.

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David Gulpilil

David Dhalatnghu Gulpilil (1 July 1953 – 29 November 2021) was an Australian actor and dancer.

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David Unaipon

David Ngunaitponi (28 September 1872 – 7 February 1967), known as David Unaipon, was an Aboriginal Australian preacher, inventor, and author.

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Day of Mourning (Australia)

The Day of Mourning was a protest held by Aboriginal Australians on 26 January 1938, the 150th anniversary of the arrival of the First Fleet, which marked the beginning of the colonisation of Australia.

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De jure

In law and government, de jure describes practices that are legally recognized, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality.

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Dead Heart

Dead Heart is a 1996 Australian film.

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Deborah Mailman

Deborah Jane Mailman (born 14 July 1972) is an Australian television and film actress, and singer.

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Declension

In linguistics, declension (verb: to decline) is the changing of the form of a word, generally to express its syntactic function in the sentence, by way of some inflection.

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Demonym

A demonym or gentilic is a word that identifies a group of people (inhabitants, residents, natives) in relation to a particular place.

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Denisovan

The Denisovans or Denisova hominins) are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic human that ranged across Asia during the Lower and Middle Paleolithic, and lived, based on current evidence, from 285 to 25 thousand years ago.

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Destiny Deacon

Destiny Deacon HonFRPS (1 January 1957 – 23 May 2024) was an Australian photographer, broadcaster, political activist and media artist.

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Dharug

The Dharug or Darug people, are an Aboriginal Australian people, who share strong ties of kinship and, in pre-colonial times, lived as skilled hunters in family groups or clans, scattered throughout much of what is modern-day Sydney.

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Didgeridoo

The didgeridoo (also spelt didjeridu, among other variants) is a wind instrument, played with vibrating lips to produce a continuous drone while using a special breathing technique called circular breathing.

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Dingo

The dingo (either included in the species Canis familiaris, or considered one of the following independent taxa: Canis familiaris dingo, Canis dingo, or Canis lupus dingo) is an ancient (basal) lineage of dog found in Australia.

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Dioscorea bulbifera

Dioscorea bulbifera (commonly known as the air potato, air yam, bitter yam, cheeky yam, potato yam, aerial yam, and parsnip yam) is a species of true yam in the yam family, Dioscoreaceae.

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Dirawong

In Australian Aboriginal mythology (specifically Bundjalung, from the northern New South Wales coast and South-East Queensland) Dirawong is a goanna Ancestral Being who taught humans how to live on the land, as well as important ceremonies and rituals.

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Director of National Parks

Director of National Parks is a Commonwealth corporate entity responsible for the management of a portfolio of terrestrial and marine protected areas proclaimed under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act).

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Disadvantage

In policy debate, a disadvantage (here abbreviated as DA) is an argument that a team brings up against a policy action that is being considered.

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Djab Wurrung people

The Djab Wurrung, also spelt Djabwurrung, Tjapwurrung, Tjap Wurrung, or Djapwarrung, people are Aboriginal Australians whose country is the volcanic plains of central Victoria from the Mount William Range of Gariwerd in the west to the Pyrenees range in the east encompassing the Wimmera River flowing north and the headwaters of the Hopkins River flowing south.

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Dome

A dome is an architectural element similar to the hollow upper half of a sphere.

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Douglas Nicholls

Sir Douglas Ralph Nicholls (9 December 1906 – 4 June 1988) was a prominent Aboriginal Australian from the Yorta Yorta people.

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Dyad (sociology)

In sociology, a dyad is a group of two people, the smallest possible social group.

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East Asian people

East Asian people (also East Asians or Northeast Asians) are the people from East Asia, which consists of China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan.

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Ecology

Ecology is the natural science of the relationships among living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment.

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Eddie Mabo

Edward Koiki Mabo (29 June 1936 – 21 January 1992) was an Indigenous Australian man from the Torres Strait Islands known for his role in campaigning for Indigenous land rights in Australia, in particular the landmark decision of the High Court of Australia that recognised that indigenous rights to land had continued after the British Crown acquired sovereignty and that the international law doctrine of terra nullius was not applicable to Australian domestic law.

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Elections in Australia

Elections in Australia take place periodically to elect the legislature of the Commonwealth of Australia, as well as for each Australian state and territory and for local government councils.

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Electoral division of Tiwi

Tiwi was an electoral division of the Legislative Assembly in Australia's Northern Territory.

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Elizabeth Durack

Elizabeth Durack Clancy CMG, OBE (6 July 1915 – 25 May 2000) was a Western Australian artist and writer.

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Encyclopædia Britannica

The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

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Ernie Bridge

Ernest Francis Bridge, AM (15 December 193631 March 2013) was an Australian parliamentarian and country music singer.

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Ernie Dingo

Ernest Ashley Dingo AM (born 31 July 1956) is an Indigenous Australian actor, television presenter and comedian, originating from the Yamatji people of the Murchison region of Western Australia.

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Evonne Goolagong Cawley

Evonne Fay Goolagong Cawley (née Goolagong; born 31 July 1951) is an Australian former world No. 1 tennis player.

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Fanny Cochrane Smith

Fanny Cochrane Smith (née Cochrane; December 1834 – 24 February 1905) was an Aboriginal Tasmanian, born in December 1834.

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Federal Court of Australia

The Federal Court of Australia is an Australian superior court which has jurisdiction to deal with most civil disputes governed by federal law (with the exception of family law matters), along with some summary (less serious) and indictable (more serious) criminal matters.

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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a group of conditions that can occur in a person who is exposed to alcohol during gestation.

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Fire-stick farming

Fire-stick farming, also known as cultural burning and cool burning, is the practice of Aboriginal Australians regularly using fire to burn vegetation, which has been practised for thousands of years.

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First Australians

First Australians is an Australian historical documentary series produced by Blackfella Films over the course of six years, and first aired on SBS TV in October 2008.

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First Fleet

The First Fleet was a fleet of 11 British ships that took the first British colonists and convicts to Australia.

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Flinders University

Flinders University is a public research university based in Adelaide, South Australia, with a footprint extending across 11 locations in South Australia and the Northern Territory.

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Flying Boomerangs

The Flying Boomerangs are the underage Indigenous Australian Australian rules football team for men (the underage women's team is known as the Woomeras).

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Francis James Gillen

Francis James Gillen (28 October 1855 – 5 June 1912), also known as Frank Gillen and F. J. Gillen, was an early Australian anthropologist and ethnologist.

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Frank Brennan (priest)

Frank Tenison Brennan is an Australian Jesuit priest, human rights lawyer and academic.

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Fraser government

The Fraser government was the federal executive government of Australia led by Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser.

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Fred Schepisi

Frederic Alan Schepisi (Kael, Pauline (1984). Taking It All In. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. p. 55. born 26 December 1939) is an Australian film director, producer and screenwriter.

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Freedom Ride (Australia)

The Freedom Ride of 1965 was a journey undertaken by a group of Aboriginal Australians in a bus across New South Wales, led by Charles Perkins.

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From Little Things Big Things Grow

"From Little Things Big Things Grow" is a protest song recorded by Australian artists Paul Kelly & The Messengers on their 1991 album Comedy, and by Kev Carmody (with Kelly) on his 1993 album Bloodlines.

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Galarrwuy Yunupingu

Galarrwuy Yunupingu (30 June 1948 – 3 April 2023), also known as James Galarrwuy Yunupingu and Dr Yunupingu, was an Indigenous Australian activist who was a leader in the Aboriginal Australian community.

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Gary Foley

Gary Edward Foley (born 1950) is an Aboriginal Australian activist of the Gumbaynggirr people, academic, writer and actor.

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Gary Sweet

Gary Sweet (born 22 May 1957) is an Australian film and television actor known for his roles in Alexandra's Project (as Steve), Police Rescue (as Sergeant "Mickey" McClintock), Cody (as Cody), Big Sky (as Chris Manning), Bodyline (as Donald Bradman), Stingers (as DI Luke Harris) and House Husbands (as Lewis Crabb).

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Gavin Wanganeen

Gavin Adrian Wanganeen (born 18 June 1973) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Essendon Football Club and Port Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL), and also for the Port Adelaide Magpies in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL).

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Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia

Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia is the study of the genetics and archaeogenetics of the ethnic groups of South Asia.

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Genocide

Genocide is the intentional destruction of a people, either in whole or in part.

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Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu

Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu (22 January 1971 – 25 July 2017), commonly known as Gurrumul and also referred to since his death as Dr G. Yunupingu, was a Yolŋu Aboriginal Australian musician.

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George III

George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 25 October 1760 until his death in 1820.

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George VI

George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952.

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Ghil'ad Zuckermann

Ghil'ad Zuckermann (גלעד צוקרמן) is an Israeli-born language revivalist and linguist who works in contact linguistics, lexicology and the study of language, culture and identity.

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Gibson Desert

The Gibson Desert is a large desert in Western Australia, largely in an almost pristine state.

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Gillard government

The Gillard government was the Government of Australia led by the 27th prime minister of Australia, Julia Gillard, of the Australian Labor Party.

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Gippsland

Gippsland (pronounced) is a rural region that makes up the southeastern part of Victoria, Australia, mostly comprising the coastal plains to the rainward (southern) side of the Victorian Alps (the southernmost section of the Great Dividing Range).

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God in Christianity

In Christianity, God is the eternal, supreme being who created and preserves all things.

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Gorden Tallis

Gorden James Tallis (born 27 July 1973), also known by the nickname of "Raging Bull" for his on-field aggression, is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s.

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Gordon Bremer

Sir James John Gordon Bremer (26 September 1786 – 14 February 1850) was a British Royal Navy officer.

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Gough Whitlam

Edward Gough Whitlam (11 July 191621 October 2014) was the 21st prime minister of Australia, serving from 1972 to 1975.

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Grand Slam (tennis)

The Grand Slam in tennis is the achievement of winning all four major championships in one discipline in a calendar year.

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Gulf of Carpentaria

The Gulf of Carpentaria is a sea off the northern coast of Australia.

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Gunaikurnai people

The Gunaikurnai or Gunai/Kurnai people, also referred to as the Gunnai or Kurnai, are an Aboriginal Australian nation of south-east Australia.

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Gwion Gwion rock paintings

The Gwion Gwion rock paintings, Gwion figures, Kiro Kiro or Kujon (also known as the Bradshaw rock paintings, Bradshaw rock art, Bradshaw figures and the Bradshaws) are one of the two major regional traditions of rock art found in the north-west Kimberley region of Western Australia.

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Half-caste

Half-caste is a term used for individuals of multiracial descent.

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Haplogroup C-B477

Haplogroup C-B477, also known as Haplogroup C1b2, is a Y-chromosome haplogroup.

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Haplogroup K2

Haplogroup K2, also known as K-M526 and formerly known as K(xLT) and MNOPS, is a human Y-DNA haplogroup.

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Haplogroup K2b1 (Y-DNA)

Haplogroup K2b1, known sometimes as haplogroup MS, is a human Y-DNA haplogroup, defined by SNPs P397 and P399.

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Haplogroup M (mtDNA)

Haplogroup M is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

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Haplogroup M-P256

Haplogroup M, also known as M-P256 and Haplogroup K2b1b (previously K2b1d) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.

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Haplogroup N (mtDNA)

Haplogroup N is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) clade.

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Haplogroup Q-M242

Haplogroup Q or Q-M242 is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.

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Haplogroup R (Y-DNA)

Haplogroup R, or R-M207, is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.

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Haplogroup S-B254

Haplogroup S also known as S-B254 is a human Y-DNA haplogroup, defined by the SNPs B254 and Z33355.

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Harold Holt

Harold Edward Holt (5 August 190817 December 1967) was an Australian politician and lawyer who served as the 17th prime minister of Australia from 1966 until his disappearance and presumed death in 1967.

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Hepatitis C virus

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small (55–65 nm in size), enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae.

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Hermannsburg School

The Hermannsburg School is an art movement, or art style, which began at the Hermannsburg Mission in the 1930s.

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Hermannsburg, Northern Territory

Hermannsburg, also known as Ntaria, is an Aboriginal community in Ljirapinta Ward of the MacDonnell Shire in the Northern Territory of Australia,; west southwest of Alice Springs, on the Finke River, in the traditional lands of the Western Arrarnta people.

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High Court of Australia

The High Court of Australia is the apex court of the Australian legal system.

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Hip hop music

Hip hop or hip-hop, also known as rap and formerly as disco rap, is a genre of popular music that originated in the early 1970s from the African American community.

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History of anthropometry

The history of anthropometry includes its use as an early tool of anthropology, use for identification, use for the purposes of understanding human physical variation in paleoanthropology and in various attempts to correlate physical with racial and psychological traits.

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History of Australia

The history of Australia is the history of the land and peoples which now comprise the Commonwealth of Australia.

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History of Australia (1788–1850)

The history of Australia from 1788 to 1850 covers the early British colonial period of Australia's history.

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Howard government

The Howard government refers to the federal executive government of Australia led by Prime Minister John Howard between 11 March 1996 and 3 December 2007.

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Human skin color

Human skin color ranges from the darkest brown to the lightest hues.

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Humpy

A humpy, also known as a gunyah, wurley, wurly, wurlie, mia-mia, wiltija, is a small, temporary shelter, traditionally used by Australian Aboriginal people.

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Hunter-gatherer

A hunter-gatherer or forager is a human living in a community, or according to an ancestrally derived lifestyle, in which most or all food is obtained by foraging, that is, by gathering food from local naturally occurring sources, especially wild edible plants but also insects, fungi, honey, bird eggs, or anything safe to eat, and/or by hunting game (pursuing and/or trapping and killing wild animals, including catching fish).

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Hut

A hut is a small dwelling, which may be constructed of various local materials.

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Hyacinth Tungutalum

Hyacinth Gabriel Tungutalum (14 August 1946 – 7 April 2009) was an Australian politician and the first Indigenous Australian to be elected to the Northern Territory parliament.

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IF Magazine

IF Magazine, also known as Inside Film, IF: Australia's Filmmaker Magazine, and IF: The Magazine for Independent Filmmakers, is an Australian print and online trade publication for screen-content professionals in Australia and New Zealand.

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Income

Income is the consumption and saving opportunity gained by an entity within a specified timeframe, which is generally expressed in monetary terms.

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Indigenous All Stars (rugby league)

The Indigenous Australian rugby league team (also known as the Indigenous All Stars or Indigenous Dreamtime team) is a rugby league football team that represents Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders.

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Indigenous All-Stars (Australian rules football)

The Indigenous All-Stars (known as for sponsorship reasons Qantas Kickstart Indigenous All-Stars and formerly known as the Aboriginal All-Stars) is an Australian rules football team composed of players that identify as Indigenous Australian or with an indigenous culture.

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Indigenous Australian art

Indigenous Australian art includes art made by Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders, including collaborations with others.

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Indigenous Australian customary law

Indigenous Australian customary law refers to the legal systems and practices uniquely belonging to Indigenous Australians of Australia, that is, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

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Indigenous Australians and crime

Indigenous Australians are both convicted of crimes and imprisoned at a disproportionately higher rate in Australia, as well as being over-represented as victims of crime.

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Indigenous Coordination Centres

Indigenous Coordination Centres or ICCs are regional offices of the Australian Government Office of Indigenous Policy Coordination.

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Indigenous land rights in Australia

In Australia, Indigenous land rights or Aboriginal land rights are the rights and interests in land of Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islander people; the term may also include the struggle for those rights.

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Indigenous Law Centre

The Indigenous Law Centre (ILC), formerly the Aboriginal Law Research Unit and Aboriginal Law Centre, is part of the Law Faculty at the University of New South Wales.

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Indigenous people of New Guinea

The indigenous peoples of Western New Guinea in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, commonly called Papuans, are Melanesians.

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Indigenous peoples of Oceania

The Indigenous peoples of Oceania are Aboriginal Australians, Papuans, and Austronesians (Melanesians,Including Torres Strait Islanders Micronesians, and Polynesians).

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Indigenous Protected Area

An Indigenous Protected Area (IPA) is a class of protected area used in Australia; each is formed by voluntary agreement with Indigenous Australians, and declared by Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islander representative organisations.

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Indigenous rights

Indigenous rights are those rights that exist in recognition of the specific condition of indigenous peoples.

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Indigenous Team of the Century

The Indigenous Team of the Century was selected in 2005 to recognise the role of Indigenous Australians in Australian rules football.

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IndigenousX

IndigenousX is an Australian Aboriginal owned and operated independent media company founded in 2012 by Gamilaroi man Luke Pearson.

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Indonesian archipelago

The Indonesian archipelago (Kepulauan Indonesia) is a vast and diverse collection of over 17,000 to 18,000 islands located between the Indian and Pacific Oceans in Southeast Asia and Oceania.

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Infant mortality

Infant mortality is the death of an infant before the infant's first birthday.

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Infection

An infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce.

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Inhalant

Inhalants are a broad range of household and industrial chemicals whose volatile vapors or pressurized gases can be concentrated and breathed in via the nose or mouth to produce intoxication, in a manner not intended by the manufacturer.

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Initial Upper Paleolithic

The Initial Upper Paleolithic (also IUP) covers the first stage of the Upper Paleolithic, during which modern human populations expanded throughout Eurasia.

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Injalak Arts

Injalak Arts, formerly known as Injalak Arts and Crafts, is a non-profit, community-owned Aboriginal art centre located in Gunbalanya, around east of Darwin in West Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory of Australia.

See Indigenous Australians and Injalak Arts

Internet Archive

The Internet Archive is an American nonprofit digital library founded in 1996 by Brewster Kahle.

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Irreligion in Australia

Atheism, agnosticism, scepticism, freethought, secular humanism or general irreligion are increasing in Australia.

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Ivan Sen

Ivan Sen (born 1972) is an Indigenous Australian filmmaker.

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Jack Davis (playwright)

Jack Leonard Davis (11 March 1917 – 17 March 2000) was an Australian 20th-century Aboriginal playwright, poet and Aboriginal Australian activist.

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Jacqui Lambie

Jacquiline Louise Lambie (born 26 February 1971) is an Australian politician who is the leader and founder of the Jacqui Lambie Network (JLN).

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James Cook

Captain James Cook (– 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, cartographer and naval officer famous for his three voyages between 1768 and 1779 in the Pacific Ocean and to New Zealand and Australia in particular.

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Jardwadjali

The Jardwadjali (Yartwatjali), also known as the Jaadwa, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the state of Victoria, whose traditional lands occupy the lands in the upper Wimmera River watershed east to Gariwerd (Grampians) and west to Lake Bringalbert.

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Jarijari

The Nyeri Nyeri (also known as Jarijari) is an indigenous Australian people whose traditional territory is in the Mallee region of Victoria.

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Jean Aileen Little

Jean Aileen Little OAM, née Ling (also known as Jean Jans from her first marriage, born 1941) is an Australian Aboriginal leader and community advocate from Mapoon in the Far North Queensland.

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Jedda

Jedda, released in the UK as Jedda the Uncivilised, is a 1955 Australian film written, produced and directed by Charles Chauvel.

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Jenny Macklin

Jennifer Louise Macklin (born 29 December 1953) is an Australian former politician.

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Jessica Mauboy

Jessica Hilda Mauboy (born 4 August 1989) is an Australian singer.

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Jimi Bani

Jimi Bani is an Indigenous Australian actor, known for his portrayal of land rights activist Eddie Mabo in the 2012 tele-movie Mabo, several television series, and theatre performances.

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John Bede Polding

John Bede Polding, OSB (18 November 1794 in 16 March 1877) was the first Roman Catholic Archbishop of Sydney, Australia.

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John Howard

John Winston Howard (born 26 July 1939) is an Australian former politician who served as the 25th prime minister of Australia from 1996 to 2007.

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Johnny Mullagh

Johnny Mullagh (born Unaarrimin; 13 August 1841 – 14 August 1891) was an Australian cricketer from Victoria who was the leading player on the famous 1868 Aboriginal cricket tour of England.

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Josephine Cashman

Josephine Amy Cashman is an Aboriginal Australian lawyer and entrepreneur, of Warrimay heritage.

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June Oscar

June Oscar is an Australian Aboriginal woman of Bunuba descent, Indigenous rights activist, community health and welfare worker, film and theatre, and since 2017 and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner.

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Juvenile detention in the Northern Territory

Juvenile detention in the Northern Territory is administered by Territory Families, since a departmental reorganisation following the Labor victory at the August 2016 Northern Territory general election.

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Kakadu National Park

Kakadu National Park is a protected area in the Northern Territory of Australia, southeast of Darwin.

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Kalaw Lagaw Ya

Kalau Lagau Ya, Kalaw Lagaw Ya, Kala Lagaw Ya, or the Western Torres Strait language (also several other names, see below) is the language indigenous to the central and western Torres Strait Islands, Queensland, Australia.

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Karla Grant

Karla Grant is an Australian presenter, producer and journalist for the SBS's national Indigenous current affairs program Living Black, focusing on issues concerning Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities within Australia.

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Kaurna

The Kaurna people (also Coorna, Kaura, Gaurna and other variations) are a group of Aboriginal people whose traditional lands include the Adelaide Plains of South Australia.

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Kaurna language

Kaurna is a Pama-Nyungan language historically spoken by the Kaurna peoples of the Adelaide Plains of South Australia.

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Keating government

The Keating government was the federal executive government of Australia led by Prime Minister Paul Keating of the Australian Labor Party from 1991 to 1996.

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Ken Wyatt

Kenneth George Wyatt (born 4 August 1952) is an Australian former politician.

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Kev Carmody

Kevin Daniel Carmody (born 1946), better known by his stage name Kev Carmody, is an Aboriginal Australian singer-songwriter and musician, a Murri man from northern Queensland.

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Kevin Gilbert (author)

Kevin John Gilbert (10 July 1933 – 1 April 1993) was an Aboriginal Australian author, activist, artist, poet, playwright and printmaker.

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Kevin Rudd

Kevin Michael Rudd (born 21 September 1957) is an Australian diplomat and former politician who served as the 26th prime minister of Australia from 2007 to 2010 and June to September 2013.

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Kidney disease

Kidney disease, or renal disease, technically referred to as nephropathy, is damage to or disease of a kidney.

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Kim Scott

Kim Scott (born 18 February 1957) is an Australian novelist of Aboriginal Australian ancestry.

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Kimberley (Western Australia)

The Kimberley is the northernmost of the nine regions of Western Australia.

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Koori

Koori (also spelt koorie, goori or goorie) is a demonym for Aboriginal Australians from a region that approximately corresponds to southern New South Wales and Victoria.

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Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park

Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park is a national park on the northern side of Sydney in New South Wales, Australia.

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Lake Mungo

Lake Mungo is a dry lake located in New South Wales, Australia.

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Lake Mungo remains

The Lake Mungo remains are three prominent sets of human remains that are possibly Aboriginal Australian: Lake Mungo 1 (also called Mungo Woman, LM1, and ANU-618), Lake Mungo 3 (also called Mungo Man, Lake Mungo III, and LM3), and Lake Mungo 2 (LM2).

See Indigenous Australians and Lake Mungo remains

Lance Franklin

Lance Franklin (born 30 January 1987), also known as Buddy Franklin, is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played in the Australian Football League (AFL).

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Language family

A language family is a group of languages related through descent from a common ancestral language or parental language, called the proto-language of that family.

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Language revitalization

Language revitalization, also referred to as language revival or reversing language shift, is an attempt to halt or reverse the decline of a language or to revive an extinct one.

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Lascaux

Lascaux (Grotte de Lascaux, "Lascaux Cave") is a network of caves near the village of Montignac, in the department of Dordogne in southwestern France.

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Last Glacial Period

The Last Glacial Period (LGP), also known as the Last glacial cycle, occurred from the end of the Last Interglacial to the beginning of the Holocene, years ago, and thus corresponds to most of the timespan of the Late Pleistocene.

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Latin

Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Laurie Daley

Laurie William Daley AM (born 20 October 1969), also known by the nicknames of "Lozza" and "Loz", is an Australian professional rugby league football coach and a former player who played as a and in the late 1980s, 1990s, and early 2000s.

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Leah Purcell

Leah Maree Purcell (born 14 August 1970) is an Aboriginal Australian stage and film actress, playwright, film director, and novelist.

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Liberal Party of Australia

The Liberal Party of Australia is a centre-right political party in Australia.

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Life expectancy

Human life expectancy is a statistical measure of the estimate of the average remaining years of life at a given age.

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Linda Burney

Linda Jean Burney (born 25 April 1957) is an Australian politician and former teacher serving as the current minister for Indigenous Australians since 2022.

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Lineage (genetic)

A genetic lineage includes all descendants of a given genetic sequence, typically following a new mutation.

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Lionel Rose

Lionel Edmund Rose MBE (21 June 1948 – 8 May 2011) was an Australian professional boxer who competed from 1964 to 1976.

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List of Australian flags

This is a list of flags of different designs that have been used in Australia.

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List of Indigenous Australian firsts

Indigenous Australians are the original inhabitants of the Australian continent and nearby islands.

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List of Indigenous Australian politicians

This list of Indigenous Australian politicians includes Indigenous Australians who have been members of Australian legislaturesfederal, state or territory.

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List of laws concerning Indigenous Australians

A range of laws applying to or of specific relevance to Indigenous Australians.

See Indigenous Australians and List of laws concerning Indigenous Australians

List of massacres of Indigenous Australians

Colonial settlers frequently clashed with Indigenous people (on continental Australia) during and after the wave of mass immigration of Europeans into the continent, which began in the late 18th century and lasted until the early 20th.

See Indigenous Australians and List of massacres of Indigenous Australians

Little Children are Sacred

Little Children are Sacred, or Ampe Akelyernemane Meke Mekarle (derived from Arandic languages), is the report of a Board of Inquiry into the Protection of Aboriginal Children from Sexual Abuse, chaired by Rex Wild and Patricia Anderson.

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Living Archive of Aboriginal Languages

The Living Archive of Aboriginal Languages (LAAL) is a digital archive of literature in endangered languages of Australia, containing works in over forty Australian Aboriginal languages from the Northern Territory, Australia.

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Living Black

Living Black is a current affairs program aired on SBS, Australia, addressed primarily to the interests of Australia's indigenous community.

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London Missionary Society

The London Missionary Society was an interdenominational evangelical missionary society formed in England in 1795 at the instigation of Welsh Congregationalist minister Edward Williams.

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Longitudinal study

A longitudinal study (or longitudinal survey, or panel study) is a research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables (e.g., people) over long periods of time (i.e., uses longitudinal data).

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Luke Carroll

Luke Carroll is an Australian stage, television, and film actor.

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Lumad

The Lumad are a group of Austronesian indigenous peoples in the southern Philippines.

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Luminescence dating

Luminescence dating refers to a group of chronological dating methods of determining how long ago mineral grains were last exposed to sunlight or sufficient heating.

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Luritja

The Luritja or Loritja people, also known as Kukatja or Kukatja-Luritja, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Northern Territory.

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Lyndall Ryan

Lyndall Ryan, (14 April 1943 – 30 April 2024) was an Australian academic and historian.

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Mabo v Queensland (No 2)

Mabo v Queensland (No 2) (commonly known as the Mabo case or simply Mabo) is a landmark decision of the High Court of Australia that recognised the existence of Native Title in Australia.

See Indigenous Australians and Mabo v Queensland (No 2)

Mabuiag Island

Mabuiag, also known as "Mabuyag" and natively "Mabuyaagi", formerly "Jervis Island") is one of the Torres Strait Islands in Queensland, Australia. Mabuiag is also a town and locality in the Torres Strait Island Region local government area. In the, the locality of Mabuiag Island had a population of 253 people.

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Madjedbebe

Madjedbebe (formerly known as Malakunanja II) is a sandstone rock shelter in Arnhem Land, in the Northern Territory of Australia, possibly the oldest site of human habitation in Australia.

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Magabala Books

Magabala Books is an Indigenous publishing house based in Broome, Western Australia.

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Major depressive disorder

Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities.

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Makassan contact with Australia

Makassar people from the region of Sulawesi in Indonesia began visiting the coast of Northern Australia sometime around the middle of the 18th century, first in the Kimberley region, and some decades later in Arnhem Land.

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Makassar

Makassar, formerly Ujung Pandang, is the capital of the Indonesian province of South Sulawesi.

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Malarndirri McCarthy

Malarndirri Barbara Anne McCarthy (born 1970) is an Indigenous Australian politician and former journalist who has been a Senator for the Northern Territory since 2016.

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Malcolm Turnbull

Malcolm Bligh Turnbull (born 24 October 1954) is an Australian former politician and businessman who served as the 29th prime minister of Australia from 2015 to 2018.

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Mallee (region, Victoria)

The Mallee is a sub-region of Loddon Mallee covering the most north-westerly part of Victoria, Australia and is bounded by the South Australian and New South Wales borders.

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Marcia Ella-Duncan

Marcia Lynne Ella-Duncan OAM (born 1963) is a former Australian netball player.

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Marcia Langton

Marcia Lynne Langton (born 31 October 1951) is an Aboriginal Australian writer and academic.

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Margaret Preston

Margaret Rose Preston (29 April 1875 – 28 May 1963) was an Australian painter and printmaker who is regarded as one of Australia's leading modernists of the early 20th century.

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Marion Scrymgour

Marion Rose Scrymgour (born 13 September 1960) is an Australian politician and the current member of parliament (MP) for the federal seat of Lingiari.

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Mark Ella

Mark Gordon Ella, AM (born 5 June 1959) is an indigenous Australian former rugby union footballer.

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Marn Grook

Marn Grook, marn-grook or marngrook (also spelt Marn Gook) is the popular collective name for traditional Indigenous Australian football games played at gatherings and celebrations by sometimes more than 100 players.

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Māori electorates

In New Zealand politics, Māori electorates, colloquially known as the Māori seats (Ngā tūru Māori), are a special category of electorate that give reserved positions to representatives of Māori in the New Zealand Parliament.

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Measles

Measles is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable infectious disease caused by measles virus.

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Melaleuca

Melaleuca is a genus of nearly 300 species of plants in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae, commonly known as paperbarks, honey-myrtles, bottlebrushes or tea-trees (although the last name is also applied to species of Leptospermum).

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Melanesia

Melanesia is a subregion of Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

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Melanesians

Melanesians are the predominant and indigenous inhabitants of Melanesia, in an area stretching from New Guinea to the Fiji Islands.

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Melissa Lucashenko

Melissa Lucashenko is an Indigenous Australian writer of adult literary fiction and literary non-fiction, who has also written novels for teenagers.

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Melville Island (Northern Territory)

Melville Island (Tiwi: Yermalner) is an island in the eastern Timor Sea, off the coast of the Northern Territory, Australia.

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Mental health

Mental health encompasses emotional, psychological, and social well-being, influencing cognition, perception, and behavior.

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Meriam language

Meriam (Meriam Mìr; also Miriam, Meryam, Mer, Mir, Miriam-Mir, etc. and Eastern, Isten, Esten and Able Able) or the Eastern Torres Strait language is the language of the people of the small islands of Mer (Murray Island), Waier and Dauar, Erub (Darnley Island), and Ugar (Stephens Island) in the eastern Torres Strait, Queensland, Australia.

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Message stick

A message stick is a public communication device used by Aboriginal Australians.

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Methamphetamine

Methamphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity.

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Mick Dodson

Michael James Dodson (born 10 April 1950) is an Aboriginal Australian barrister, academic, and member of the Yawuru people in the Broome area of the southern Kimberley region of Western Australia.

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Mick Gooda

Mick Gooda is an Aboriginal Australian public servant.

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Miles Franklin Award

The Miles Franklin Literary Award is an annual literary prize awarded to "a novel which is of the highest literary merit and presents Australian life in any of its phases".

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Milirrpum v Nabalco Pty Ltd

Milirrpum v Nabalco Pty Ltd, also known as the Gove land rights case because its subject was land known as the Gove Peninsula in the Northern Territory, was the first litigation on native title in Australia, and the first significant legal case for Aboriginal land rights in Australia, decided on 27 April 1971.

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Millewa

The Millewa is a region of north western Victoria in Australia.

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Minister for Indigenous Australians

The Minister for Indigenous Australians in the Government of Australia is a position which holds responsibility for affairs affecting Indigenous Australians.

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Miranda Tapsell

Miranda Tapsell (born 11 December 1987) is a Larrakia Aboriginal Australian actress of both stage and screen, best known for her role as Cynthia in the Wayne Blair film The Sapphires and her 2015 performance as Martha Tennant in the Nine Network drama series Love Child.

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Missionary

A missionary is a member of a religious group who is sent into an area in order to promote its faith or provide services to people, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.

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Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

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Monash University

Monash University is a public research university based in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

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Motion of Reconciliation

The Motion of Reconciliation was a motion to the Australian Parliament introduced and passed on 26 August 1999.

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Mount Baga

Mount Baga (formerly Mount Jim Crow) is a trachyte plug that lies between Rockhampton and Yeppoon, Australia.

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Mungo National Park

Mungo National Park is a protected national park that is located in south-western New South Wales, in eastern Australia.

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Murdering Gully massacre

Murdering Gully, formerly known as Puuroyup to the Djargurd Wurrung people, is the site of an 1839 massacre of 35–40 people of the Tarnbeere Gundidj clan of the Djargurd Wurrung in the Camperdown district of Victoria, Australia.

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Murnong

The murnong or yam daisy is any of the plants Microseris walteri, Microseris lanceolata and Microseris scapigera, which are an important food source for many Aboriginal peoples in southern parts of Australia.

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Murrawarri Republic

The Murrawarri Republic is a micronation that declared its independence from Australia in 2013, that claims territory and sovereignty over an area straddling the border of the states of New South Wales and Queensland within Australia.

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Murray Island, Queensland

Murray Island (also known as Mer Island or Maer Island) in the Torres Strait Island Region, Queensland, Australia.

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Murray River

The Murray River (in South Australia: River Murray) (Ngarrindjeri: Millewa, Yorta Yorta: Dhungala (Tongala)) is a river in Southeastern Australia.

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Murri people

Murri is a demonym for Aboriginal Australians of modern-day Queensland and north-western New South Wales.

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Murri Rugby League Team

The Murri Rugby League Team is a representative side for Indigenous rugby league players that play in the annual Queensland Murri Rugby League Carnival.

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Murujuga

Murujuga, formerly known as Dampier Island and today usually known as the Burrup Peninsula, is an area in the Dampier Archipelago, in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, containing the town of Dampier.

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Museum of Contemporary Art Australia

The Museum of Contemporary Art Australia (MCA), formerly the Museum of Contemporary Art, Sydney, is located on George Street in The Rocks neighbourhood of Sydney.

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My Place (book)

My Place is an autobiography written by artist Sally Morgan in 1987.

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NAIDOC Week

NAIDOC Week is an Australian observance lasting from the first Sunday in July until the following Sunday.

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Nakkiah Lui

Nakkiah Lui is an Australian actor, writer and comedian.

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NAPLAN

The National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) is a series of tests focused on basic skills that are administered to Australian students in year 3, 5, 7 and 9.

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Nathan Jawai

Nathan Leon Jawai (born 10 October 1986) is an Australian professional basketball player for the Darwin Salties of the NBL1 North.

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National Basketball Association

The National Basketball Association (NBA) is a professional basketball league in North America composed of 30 teams (29 in the United States and 1 in Canada).

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National Gallery of Australia

The National Gallery of Australia (NGA), formerly the Australian National Gallery, is the national art museum of Australia as well as one of the largest art museums in Australia, holding more than 166,000 works of art.

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National Indigenous Australians Agency

The National Indigenous Australians Agency (NIAA) is an Australian Public Service agency of the Australian Government.

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National Indigenous Television

National Indigenous Television (NITV) is an Australian free-to-air television channel that broadcasts programming produced and presented largely by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

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National Indigenous Times

The National Indigenous Times (NIT) is an Indigenous Australian affairs website, originally published as a newspaper from February 2002.

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National Library of Australia

The National Library of Australia (NLA), formerly the Commonwealth National Library and Commonwealth Parliament Library, is the largest reference library in Australia, responsible under the terms of the National Library Act 1960 for "maintaining and developing a national collection of library material, including a comprehensive collection of library material relating to Australia and the Australian people", thus functioning as a national library.

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National Museum of Australia

The National Museum of Australia (NMA), in the national capital Canberra, preserves and interprets Australia's social history, exploring the key issues, people and events that have shaped the nation.

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Native title in Australia

Native title is the set of rights, recognised by Australian law, held by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander groups or individuals to land that derive from their maintenance of their traditional laws and customs.

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Nature (journal)

Nature is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England.

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Negrito

The term Negrito refers to several diverse ethnic groups who inhabit isolated parts of Southeast Asia and the Andaman Islands.

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Neville Bonner

Neville Thomas Bonner AO (28 March 19225 February 1999) was an Australian politician, and the first Aboriginal Australian to become a member of the Parliament of Australia.

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New Guinea

New Guinea (Hiri Motu: Niu Gini; Papua, fossilized Nugini, or historically Irian) is the world's second-largest island, with an area of.

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New Holland (Australia)

New Holland (Nieuw-Holland) is a historical European name for mainland Australia.

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New South Wales

New South Wales (commonly abbreviated as NSW) is a state on the east coast of:Australia.

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New York University Press

New York University Press (or NYU Press) is a university press that is part of New York University.

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New Zealand

New Zealand (Aotearoa) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

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Ngangkari

Ngangkari are the traditional healers of the Anangu, the Aboriginal peoples who live mostly in the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (APY Lands) of South Australia and the Western Desert region, which includes parts of the Northern Territory and Western Australia.

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Ngarrindjeri language

Ngarrindjeri, also written Narrinyeri, Ngarinyeri and other variants, is the language of the Ngarrindjeri and related peoples of southern South Australia.

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Nine News

9News is the national news service of the Nine Network in Australia.

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Noel Pearson

Noel Pearson (born 25 June 1965) is an Australian lawyer and founder of the Cape York Partnership, an organisation promoting the economic and social development of Cape York.

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Nomad

Nomads are communities without fixed habitation who regularly move to and from areas.

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Noongar

The Noongar (also spelt Noongah, Nyungar, Nyoongar, Nyoongah, Nyungah, Nyugah, and Yunga) are Aboriginal Australian people who live in the south-west corner of Western Australia, from Geraldton on the west coast to Esperance on the south coast.

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Norman Tindale

Norman Barnett Tindale AO (12 October 1900 – 19 November 1993) was an Australian anthropologist, archaeologist, entomologist and ethnologist.

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Northern Australia

The unofficial geographic term Northern Australia includes those parts of Queensland and Western Australia north of latitude 26° and all of the Northern Territory.

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Northern Territory

The Northern Territory (abbreviated as NT; known formally as the Northern Territory of Australia and informally as the Territory) is an Australian internal territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia.

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Northern Territory Government

The Government of the Northern Territory of Australia, also referred to as the Northern Territory Government, the Government of the Northern Territory or simply the NT Government, is the executive branch of the Northern Territory.

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Northern Territory Legislative Assembly

The Legislative Assembly of the Northern Territory (informally known as the Parliament of the Northern Territory) is the unicameral legislature of the Northern Territory of Australia.

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Northern Territory National Emergency Response

The Northern Territory National Emergency Response, also known as "The Intervention" or the Northern Territory Intervention, and sometimes the abbreviation "NTER" (for Northern Territory Emergency Response) was a package of measures enforced by legislation affecting Indigenous Australians in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia, which lasted from 2007 until 2012.

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Northern Territory Special Reconnaissance Unit

The Northern Territory Special Reconnaissance Unit (NTSRU) was an irregular warfare unit of the Australian Army during World War II, composed mainly of Aboriginal people from the Northern Territory.

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Nova Peris

Nova Maree Peris (born 25 February 1971) is an Aboriginal Australian athlete and former politician.

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NSW Koori Knockout

The NSW Koori Rugby League Knockout carnival is one of the biggest Indigenous gatherings in Australia.

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Nunga

Nunga is a term of self-identification for Aboriginal Australians, originally used by Aboriginal people in the southern settled areas of South Australia, and now used throughout Adelaide and surrounding towns.

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Oceania

Oceania is a geographical region including Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.

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Ochre

Ochre, iron ochre, or ocher in American English, is a natural clay earth pigment, a mixture of ferric oxide and varying amounts of clay and sand.

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Old Parliament House, Canberra

Old Parliament House, formerly known as the Provisional Parliament House, was the seat of the Parliament of Australia from 1927 to 1988.

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Olympic flame

The Olympic flame is a symbol used in the Olympic movement.

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Olympic Games

The modern Olympic Games or Olympics (Jeux olympiques) are the leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions.

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Onge

The Onge (also Önge, Ongee, and Öñge) are an Andamanese ethnic group, indigenous to the Andaman Islands in Southeast Asia at the Bay of Bengal, currently administered by India.

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Oodgeroo Noonuccal

Oodgeroo Noonuccal (born Kathleen Jean Mary Ruska, later Kath Walker (3 November 192016 September 1993) was an Aboriginal Australian political activist, artist and educator, who campaigned for Aboriginal rights. Noonuccal was best known for her poetry, and was the first Aboriginal Australian to publish a book of verse.

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Opal (fuel)

Opal is a variety of low-aromatic 91 RON petrol developed in 2005 by BP Australia to combat the rising use of gasoline as an inhalant in remote Indigenous Australian communities.

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Oral history

Oral history is the collection and study of historical information about people, families, important events, or everyday life using audiotapes, videotapes, or transcriptions of planned interviews.

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Oral tradition

Oral tradition, or oral lore, is a form of human communication in which knowledge, art, ideas and culture are received, preserved, and transmitted orally from one generation to another.

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Pacific Islander

Pacific Islanders, Pasifika, Pasefika, Pacificans, or rarely Pacificers are the peoples of the Pacific Islands.

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Pama–Nyungan languages

The Pama–Nyungan languages are the most widespread family of Australian Aboriginal languages, containing 306 out of 400 Aboriginal languages in Australia.

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Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia (a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia).

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Papuan languages

The Papuan languages are the non-Austronesian languages spoken on the western Pacific island of New Guinea, as well as neighbouring islands in Indonesia, Solomon Islands, and East Timor.

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Papunya Tula

Papunya Tula, registered as Papunya Tula Artists Pty Ltd, is an artist cooperative formed in 1972 in Papunya, Northern Territory, owned and operated by Aboriginal people from the Western Desert of Australia.

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Parliament of Australia

The Parliament of Australia (officially the Parliament of the Commonwealth and also known as Federal Parliament) is the legislative body of the federal level of government of Australia.

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Parliament of Victoria

The Parliament of Victoria is the bicameral legislature of the Australian state of Victoria that follows a Westminster-derived parliamentary system.

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Parliament of Western Australia

The Parliament of Western Australia is the bicameral legislature of the Australian state of Western Australia, which constitutes the legislative branch of the state's political system.

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Pat Dodson

Patrick Lionel Djargun Dodson (born 29 January 1948) is an Australian indigenous rights activist and former politician.

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Pat Turner (Aboriginal activist)

Pat Turner (born 1952) is an Aboriginal Australian of Gudanji-Arrernte heritage who has worked as a civil administrator for policies which guarantee the right to self-determination for Indigenous people.

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Patty Mills

Patrick Sammie Mills (born 11 August 1988) is an Australian professional basketball player for the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association (NBA).

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Paul Kelly (Australian musician)

Paul Maurice Kelly (born 13 January 1955) is an Australian rock music singer-songwriter and guitarist.

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Pearl hunting

Pearl hunting, also known as pearling, is the activity of recovering or attempting to recover pearls from wild molluscs, usually oysters or mussels, in the sea or freshwater.

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Pemulwuy

Pemulwuy (/pɛməlwɔɪ/ ''PEM-əl-woy''; c. 1750 – c. 2 June 1802) was a Bidjigal warrior of the Dharug, an Aboriginal Australian people from New South Wales.

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Peter Weir

Peter Lindsay Weir (born 21 August 1944) is an Australian retired film director.

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Phalangeridae

The Phalangeridae are a family of mostly nocturnal marsupials native to Australia, New Guinea, and Eastern Indonesia, including the cuscuses, brushtail possums, and their close relatives.

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Philippines

The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.

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Phillip Noyce

Phillip Noyce (born April 29, 1950) is an Australian film and television director.

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Physical abuse

Physical abuse is any intentional act causing injury or trauma to another person or animal by way of bodily contact.

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Pintupi

The Pintupi are an Australian Aboriginal group who are part of the Western Desert cultural group and whose traditional land is in the area west of Lake Macdonald and Lake Mackay in Western Australia.

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Pintupi Nine

The Pintupi Nine are a group of nine Pintupi people who remained unaware of European colonisation of Australia and lived a traditional desert-dwelling life in Australia's Gibson Desert until 1984, when they made contact with their relatives near Kiwirrkurra.

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Pitjantjatjara

The Pitjantjatjara are an Aboriginal people of the Central Australian desert near Uluru.

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Poetry

Poetry (from the Greek word poiesis, "making") is a form of literary art that uses aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, literal or surface-level meanings.

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Polly Farmer

Graham Vivian "Polly" Farmer (10 March 1935 14 August 2019) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Geelong Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and the East Perth Football Club and West Perth Football Club in the Western Australian National Football League (WANFL).

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Polynesians

Polynesians are an ethnolinguistic group comprising closely related ethnic groups native to Polynesia, which encompasses the islands within the Polynesian Triangle in the Pacific Ocean.

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Pop music

Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form during the mid-1950s in the United States and the United Kingdom.

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Population pyramid

A population pyramid (age structure diagram) or "age-sex pyramid" is a graphical illustration of the distribution of a population (typically that of a country or region of the world) by age groups and sex; it typically takes the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing.

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Possum-skin cloak

Possum-skin cloaks were a form of clothing worn by Aboriginal people in the south-east of Australia – present-day Victoria, South Australia and New South Wales.

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Post-traumatic stress disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental and behavioral disorder that develops from experiencing a traumatic event, such as sexual assault, warfare, traffic collisions, child abuse, domestic violence, or other threats on a person's life or well-being.

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Preamble

A preamble is an introductory and expressionary statement in a document that explains the document's purpose and underlying philosophy.

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (often abbreviated PNAS or PNAS USA) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal.

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Proposed 2013 Australian constitutional referendum

An Australian constitutional referendum was planned, and then abandoned, in 2013.

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Protector of Aborigines

The Australian colonies and in the nineteenth century created offices involved in dealing with indigenous people in the jurisdictions.

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Psychological abuse

Psychological abuse, often known as emotional abuse or psychological violence, is a form of abuse characterized by a person subjecting or exposing another person to a behavior that may result in psychological trauma, including anxiety, chronic depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder amongst other psychological problems.

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Public inquiry

A public inquiry, also known as a tribunal of inquiry, government inquiry, or simply inquiry, is an official review of events or actions ordered by a government body.

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Quadrant (magazine)

Quadrant is a conservative Australian literary, cultural, and political journal, which publishes both online and printed editions.

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Queensland

Queensland (commonly abbreviated as Qld) is a state in northeastern Australia, the second-largest and third-most populous of the Australian states.

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Queensland Council of Unions

The Queensland Council of Unions (QCU) is the peak body of trade union organisations, also known as a labour council, in Queensland, Australia.

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Queensland Government

The Queensland Government is the state government of Queensland, Australia, a parliamentary constitutional monarchy.

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Rabbit-Proof Fence

Rabbit-Proof Fence is a 2002 Australian drama film directed and produced by Phillip Noyce based on the 1996 book Follow the Rabbit-Proof Fence by Doris Pilkington Garimara.

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Rachel Perkins

Rachel Perkins (born 1970) is an Australian film and television director, producer, and screenwriter.

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Racism

Racism is discrimination and prejudice against people based on their race or ethnicity.

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Racism in Australia

Racism in Australia comprises negative attitudes and views on race or ethnicity which are held by various people and groups in Australia, and have been reflected in discriminatory laws, practices and actions (including violence) at various times in the history of Australia against racial or ethnic groups.

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Radio National

Radio National, known on-air as RN, is an Australia-wide public service broadcasting radio network run by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC).

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Rainbow Serpent

The Rainbow Serpent or Rainbow Snake is a common deity often seen as the creator God, known by numerous names in different Australian Aboriginal languages by the many different Aboriginal peoples.

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Reconciliation in Australia

Reconciliation in Australia is a process which officially began in 1991, focused on the improvement of relations between the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples of Australia and the rest of the population.

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Reconciliation Place

Reconciliation Place is an urban landscape design in the Parliamentary Triangle Canberra, Australia dedicated to reconciliation between Australia's Indigenous peoples and the mainly European settler population.

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Repatriation and reburial of human remains

The repatriation and reburial of human remains is a current issue in archaeology and museum management on the holding of human remains.

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ResearchGate

ResearchGate is a European commercial social networking site for scientists and researchers to share papers, ask and answer questions, and find collaborators.

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Reserved political positions

Several politico-constitutional arrangements use reserved political positions, especially when endeavoring to ensure the rights of women, minorities or other segments of society, or preserving a political balance of power.

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Respiratory disease

Respiratory diseases, or lung diseases, are pathological conditions affecting the organs and tissues that make gas exchange difficult in air-breathing animals.

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Returned and Services League of Australia

The Returned and Services League of Australia, known as RSL, RSL Australia and RSLA, is an independent support organisation for people who have served or are serving in the Australian Defence Force.

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Riji

Riji are the pearl shells traditionally worn by Aboriginal men in the north-west part of Australia, around present day Broome.

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Riverina

The Riverina is an agricultural region of southwestern New South Wales, Australia.

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Robert Jabanungga

Robert (Bobby) Mellor Granites Jabanungga AKA Robert Kantilla, Robert Japanangka, Robert Japananga, Robert Jabanunga Kantilla (1946–1985) was a TV actor, Aboriginal dancer and musician best known for playing the didgeridoo at many Canberra festivals as well as national and international events.

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Robert M. W. Dixon

Robert Malcolm Ward "Bob" Dixon (born 25 January 1939, in Gloucester, England) is a Professor of Linguistics in the College of Arts, Society, and Education and The Cairns Institute, James Cook University, Queensland.

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Robert Tudawali

Robert Tudawali (1929 – 26 July 1967), also known as Bobby Wilson and Bob Wilson, was an Australian actor and Indigenous activist.

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Rockhampton

Rockhampton is a city in the Rockhampton Region of Central Queensland, Australia.

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Rolf de Heer

Rolf de Heer (born 4 May 1951) is a Dutch Australian film director.

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Ron Merkel

Ronald Merkel is an Australian jurist, who was formerly a Judge of the Federal Court of Australia.

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Rosalie Kunoth-Monks

Rosalie Lynette Kunoth-Monks (4 January 193726 January 2022), also known as Ngarla Kunoth, was an Australian film actress, Aboriginal activist and politician.

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Rottnest Island

Rottnest Island (Wadjemup), often colloquially referred to as "Rotto", is a island off the coast of Western Australia, located west of Fremantle.

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Royal Society of Tasmania

The Royal Society of Tasmania (RST) was formed in 1843.

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Rugby league

Rugby league football, commonly known as rugby league in English-speaking countries and rugby XIII in non-Anglophone Europe and South America, and referred to colloquially as football, footy or league in its heartlands, is a full-contact sport played by two teams of thirteen players on a rectangular field measuring wide and long with H-shaped posts at both ends.

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Rugby union

Rugby union football, commonly known simply as rugby union or more often just rugby, is a close-contact team sport that originated at Rugby School in England in the first half of the 19th century.

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Sahul

Sahul, also called Sahul-land, Meganesia, Papualand and Greater Australia, was a paleocontinent that encompassed the modern-day landmasses of mainland Australia, Tasmania, New Guinea, and the Aru Islands.

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Sally Morgan (artist)

Sally Jane Morgan (née Milroy; born 1951) is an Australian Aboriginal author, dramatist, and artist.

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Sally Riley (producer)

Sally Riley is an Australian filmmaker, writer, producer and media executive, Head of Scripted Production at the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC).

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ScienceDaily

ScienceDaily is an American website launched in 1995 that aggregates press releases and publishes lightly edited press releases (a practice called churnalism) about science, similar to Phys.org and EurekAlert!.

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Scott Morrison

Scott John Morrison (born 13 May 1968) is an Australian former politician who served as the 30th prime minister of Australia from 2018 to 2022.

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Screen Australia

Screen Australia is the Australian Federal Government's key funding body for the Australian screen production industry, created under the Screen Australia Act 2008.

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Second Morrison ministry

The second Morrison ministry (Liberal–National Coalition) was the 72nd ministry of the Australian Government.

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Section 127 of the Constitution of Australia

Section 127 of the Constitution of Australia was the final section within Chapter VII (dealing with miscellaneous matters) of the Australian Constitution, and excluded Indigenous Australians from population counts for constitutional purposes.

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Section 25 of the Constitution of Australia

Section 25 of the Constitution of Australia is a provision of the Constitution of Australia headed "Provision as to races disqualified from voting" and providing that "For the purposes of the last section, if by the law of any State all persons of any race are disqualified from voting at elections for the more numerous House of the Parliament of the State, then, in reckoning the number of the people of the State or of the Commonwealth, persons of that race resident in that State shall not be counted.".

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Section 51(xxvi) of the Constitution of Australia

Section 51(xxvi) of the Constitution of Australia,(xxvi).

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Self-determination

Self-determination refers to a people's right to form its own political entity, and internal self-determination is the right to representative government with full suffrage.

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Self-harm

Self-harm is intentional conduct that is considered harmful to oneself.

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Sexual abuse

Sexual abuse or sex abuse, also referred to as molestation, is abusive sexual behavior by one person upon another.

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Shadow cabinet of Australia

In Australian federal politics, the shadow cabinet is the opposition's equivalent to the federal cabinet.

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Shari Sebbens

Shari Sebbens is an Aboriginal Australian actress and stage director, known for her debut film role in The Sapphires (2012), as well as many stage and television performances.

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Sheep station

A sheep station is a large property (station, the equivalent of a ranch) in Australia or New Zealand, whose main activity is the raising of sheep for their wool and/or meat.

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Sketch comedy

Sketch comedy comprises a series of short, amusing scenes or vignettes, called "sketches", commonly between one and ten minutes long, performed by a group of comic actors or comedians.

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Slavery in Australia

Slavery in Australia has existed in various forms from colonisation in 1788 to the present day.

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Smallpox

Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus (often called smallpox virus), which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus.

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Social security in Australia

Social security, in Australia, refers to a system of social welfare payments provided by Australian Government to eligible Australian citizens, permanent residents, and limited international visitors.

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Society

A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.

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Songline

A songline, also called dreaming track, is one of the paths across the land (or sometimes the sky) within the animist belief systems of the Aboriginal cultures of Australia.

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Soundtrack

A soundtrack is a recorded audio signal accompanying and synchronised to the images of a book, drama, motion picture, radio program, television program, or video game; colloquially, a commercially released soundtrack album of music as featured in the soundtrack of a film, video, or television presentation; or the physical area of a film that contains the synchronised recorded sound.

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South Australia

South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia.

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South Sulawesi

South Sulawesi (Sulawesi Selatan) is a province in the southern peninsula of Sulawesi, Indonesia.

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South West Aboriginal Land and Sea Council

The South West Aboriginal Land and Sea Council (SWALSC) is the organisation that represents the Noongar people, the Aboriginal Australians of the southwest corner of Western Australia.

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Sovereign Yidindji Government

The Sovereign Yidindji Government or Yidindji Tribal Nation is an Aboriginal Australian micro-nation that claims to exercise Australian Aboriginal sovereignty.

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Special Broadcasting Service

The Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) is an Australian hybrid-funded public service broadcaster.

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Spinifex people

The Pila Nguru, often referred to in English as the Spinifex people, are an Aboriginal Australian people of Western Australia, whose lands extend to the border with South Australia and to the north of the Nullarbor Plain.

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Sprachbund

A sprachbund (Sprachbund, lit. "language federation"), also known as a linguistic area, area of linguistic convergence, or diffusion area, is a group of languages that share areal features resulting from geographical proximity and language contact.

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Stan Grant (journalist)

Stan Grant (born 30 September 1963) is an Australian journalist, writer and radio and television presenter, since the 1990s.

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Standing ovation

A standing ovation is a form of applause where members of a seated audience stand up while applauding, often after extraordinary performances of particularly high acclaim.

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States and territories of Australia

The states and territories are the second level of government of Australia.

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Stilt house

Stilt houses (also called pile dwellings or lake dwellings) are houses raised on stilts (or piles) over the surface of the soil or a body of water.

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Stockman (Australia)

In Australia, a stockman (plural stockmen) is a person who looks after the livestock on a station, traditionally on horse.

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Stolen Generations

The Stolen Generations (also known as Stolen Children) were the children of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent who were removed from their families by the Australian federal and state government agencies and church missions, under acts of their respective parliaments.

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Stone Age

The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make stone tools with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface.

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Stringybark

A stringybark can be any of the many Eucalyptus species which have thick, fibrous bark.

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Stronger Futures policy

The Stronger Futures policy was a multifaceted social policy of the Australian government concerning the Aboriginal population of the Northern Territory.

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Substance abuse

Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is the use of a drug in amounts or by methods that are harmful to the individual or others.

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Suicide

Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death.

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Sweet Country (2017 film)

Sweet Country is a 2017 Australian drama film, directed by Warwick Thornton.

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Sydney rock engravings

Sydney rock engravings, or Sydney rock art, are a form of Australian Aboriginal rock art in the sandstone around Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, that consist of carefully drawn images of people, animals, or symbols.

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Tara June Winch

Tara June Winch (born 2 December 1983) is an Australian writer.

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Tasmania

Tasmania (palawa kani: lutruwita) is an island state of Australia.

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Teetotalism

Teetotalism is the practice or promotion of total personal abstinence from the consumption of alcohol, specifically in alcoholic drinks.

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Television show

A television show, TV program, or simply a TV show, is the general reference to any content produced for viewing on a television set that is traditionally broadcast via over-the-air, satellite, or cable.

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Ten Canoes

Ten Canoes is a 2006 Australian historical drama/docudrama film directed by Rolf de Heer and Peter Djigirr and starring Crusoe Kurddal.

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Tennis

Tennis is a racket sport that is played either individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles).

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Terra nullius

Terra nullius (plural terrae nullius) is a Latin expression meaning "nobody's land".

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Tertiary education

Tertiary education, also referred to as third-level, third-stage or post-secondary education, is the educational level following the completion of secondary education.

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Thatching

Thatching is the craft of building a roof with dry vegetation such as straw, water reed, sedge (Cladium mariscus), rushes, heather, or palm branches, layering the vegetation so as to shed water away from the inner roof.

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The Advertiser (Adelaide)

The Advertiser is a daily tabloid format newspaper based in the city of Adelaide, South Australia.

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The Age

The Age is a daily newspaper in Melbourne, Australia, that has been published since 1854.

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The Canberra Times

The Canberra Times is a daily newspaper in Canberra, Australia, which is published by Australian Community Media.

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The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith (film)

The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith is a 1978 Australian drama film directed, written and produced by Fred Schepisi, and starring Tom E. Lewis (billed at the time as Tommy Lewis), Freddy Reynolds and Ray Barrett.

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The Conversation (website)

The Conversation is a network of nonprofit media outlets publishing news stories and research reports online, with accompanying expert opinion and analysis.

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The Dreaming

The Dreaming, also referred to as Dreamtime, is a term devised by early anthropologists to refer to a religio-cultural worldview attributed to Australian Aboriginal beliefs.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The Herald (Melbourne)

The Herald was a morning – and later – evening broadsheet newspaper published in Melbourne, Australia, from 3 January 1840 to 5 October 1990.

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The Last Wave

The Last Wave (also released in the United States as Black Rain) is a 1977 Australian mystery drama film directed by Peter Weir.

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The Straits

The Straits is an Australian television drama series for ABC1 filmed in Cairns, the Torres Strait Islands and other Far North Queensland locations.

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The Sydney Morning Herald

The Sydney Morning Herald (SMH) is a daily tabloid newspaper published in Sydney, Australia, and owned by Nine.

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The Tracker (2002 film)

The Tracker is a 2002 Australian drama film/meat pie Western directed and written by Rolf de Heer and starring David Gulpilil, Gary Sweet and Damon Gameau.

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Thelma Plum

Thelma Amelina Plumbe (born 21 December 1994), known professionally as Thelma Plum, is an Aboriginal Australian singer, songwriter, guitarist and musician from Delungra, New South Wales.

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Thomas Keneally

Thomas Michael Keneally, AO (born 7 October 1935) is an Australian novelist, playwright, essayist, and actor.

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Thomas Mitchell (explorer)

Sir Thomas Livingstone Mitchell (15 June 1792 – 5 October 1855), often called Major Mitchell, was a Scottish surveyor and explorer of Southeastern Australia.

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Thursday Island

Thursday Island, colloquially known as TI, or in the Kawrareg dialect, Waiben or Waibene, is an island of the Torres Strait Islands, an archipelago of at least 274 small islands in the Torres Strait.

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Tiwi Islands

The Tiwi Islands (Ratuati Irara meaning "two islands") are part of the Northern Territory, Australia, to the north of Darwin adjoining the Timor Sea.

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Tiwi people

The Tiwi people (or Tunuvivi) are one of the many Aboriginal groups of Australia.

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Tobacco smoking

Tobacco smoking is the practice of burning tobacco and ingesting the resulting smoke.

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Tom Calma

Thomas Edwin Calma, (born 1953), is an Aboriginal Australian human rights and social justice campaigner, and 2023 senior Australian of the Year.

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Tom Wills

Thomas Wentworth Wills (19 August 1835 – 2 May 1880) was an Australian sportsman who is credited with being Australia's first cricketer of significance and a founder of Australian rules football.

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Top End

The Top End of Australia's Northern Territory is a geographical region encompassing the northernmost section of the Northern Territory, which aside from the Cape York Peninsula is the northernmost part of the Australian continent.

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Top End Wedding

Top End Wedding is a 2019 Australian romantic comedy film directed by Wayne Blair, starring Miranda Tapsell and Gwilym Lee.

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Torres Strait

The Torres Strait, also known as Zenadh Kes (ˈzen̪ad̪ kes), is a strait between Australia and the Melanesian island of New Guinea.

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Torres Strait Creole

Torres Strait Creole (Yumplatok), also known as Torres Strait Pidgin, Brokan/Broken, Cape York Creole, Lockhart Creole, Kriol, Papuan, Broken English, Blaikman, Big Thap, Pizin, and Ailan Tok, is an English-based creole language (a variety of Pidgin English) spoken on several Torres Strait Islands of Queensland, Australia; Northern Cape York; and south-western coastal Papua New Guinea (PNG).

See Indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Creole

Torres Strait English

Torres Strait English (called by its speakers T.I. English) is a dialect of the English language spoken by the people of various backgrounds (indigenous Torres Strait Islanders, Malay, Filipino, European, Japanese, etc.) born and raised on Thursday Island and neighbouring islands in Torres Strait, North Queensland, Australia.

See Indigenous Australians and Torres Strait English

Torres Strait Islander flag

The Torres Strait Islander flag is the official flag of the Torres Strait Islanders, an Indigenous people of Australia.

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Torres Strait Islanders

Torres Strait Islanders are the Indigenous Melanesian people of the Torres Strait Islands, which are part of the state of Queensland, Australia.

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Torres Strait Islands

The Torres Strait Islands are an archipelago of at least 274 small islands in the Torres Strait, a waterway separating far northern continental Australia's Cape York Peninsula and the island of New Guinea.

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Torres Strait Light Infantry Battalion

The Torres Strait Light Infantry Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army during the Second World War.

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Total Control (TV series)

Total Control is an Australian television political drama series first screened on ABC TV in October 2019.

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Trans-Fly languages

The Trans-Fly languages are a small family of Papuan languages proposed by Timothy Usher, that are spoken in the region of the Fly River.

See Indigenous Australians and Trans-Fly languages

Transgenerational trauma

Transgenerational trauma is the psychological and physiological effects that the trauma experienced by people has on subsequent generations in that group.

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Treaty of Waitangi

The Treaty of Waitangi (Te Tiriti o Waitangi), sometimes referred to as Te Tiriti, is a document of central importance to the history of New Zealand, its constitution, and its national mythos.

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Tribal chief

A tribal chief, chieftain, or headman is the leader of a tribal society or chiefdom.

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Tribe

The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group.

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Trisha Morton-Thomas

Trisha Morton-Thomas, also known as Patricia Morton-Thomas, is an Anmatyerr woman born in the Northern Territory of Australia.

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Trove

Trove is an Australian online library database owned by the National Library of Australia in which it holds partnerships with source providers National and State Libraries Australia, an aggregator and service which includes full text documents, digital images, bibliographic and holdings data of items which are not available digitally, and a free faceted-search engine as a discovery tool.

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Truganini

Truganini (c.1812 – 8 May 1876), also known as Lalla Rookh and Lydgugee, was a woman famous for being widely described as the last "full-blooded" Aboriginal Tasmanian to survive British colonisation.

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Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB), also known colloquially as the "white death", or historically as consumption, is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria.

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Tuckiar v The King

Tuckiar v The King is a landmark 1934 judgment of the High Court of Australia.

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Type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes (T2D), formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin.

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Uluru

Uluru (Uluṟu), also known as Ayers Rock and officially gazetted as UluruAyers Rock, is a large sandstone monolith.

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Uluru Statement from the Heart

The Uluru Statement from the Heart is a 2017 petition to the people of Australia, written and endorsed by the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander leaders selected as delegates to the First Nations National Constitutional Convention.

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Un Certain Regard

Un Certain Regard (meaning 'a certain glance') is a section of the Cannes Film Festival's official selection.

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Uncontacted peoples

Uncontacted peoples are groups of indigenous peoples living without sustained contact with neighbouring communities and the world community.

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UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; pronounced) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture.

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University of Canberra

The University of Canberra (UC) is a public research university with its main campus located in Bruce, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory.

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University of Hawaiʻi Press

The University of Hawaiʻi Press is a university press that is part of the University of Hawaiʻi.

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University of Melbourne

The University of Melbourne (also colloquially known as Melbourne University) is a public research university located in Melbourne, Australia.

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University of Newcastle (Australia)

The University of Newcastle is a public university in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.

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University of Queensland

The University of Queensland (UQ or Queensland University) is a public research university located primarily in Brisbane, the capital city of the Australian state of Queensland.

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University of Sydney

The University of Sydney (USYD) is a public research university in Sydney, Australia.

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University of Waikato

The University of Waikato (Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato), established in 1964, is a public research university located in Hamilton, New Zealand.

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Upper Paleolithic

The Upper Paleolithic (or Upper Palaeolithic) is the third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age.

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Victimology

Victimology is the study of victimization, including the psychological effects on victims, the relationship between victims and offenders, the interactions between victims and the criminal justice system—that is, the police and courts, and corrections officials—and the connections between victims and other social groups and institutions, such as the media, businesses, and social movements.

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Victoria (state)

Victoria (commonly abbreviated as Vic) is a state in southeastern Australia.

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Victoria State Government

The Government of Victoria, also referred to as the Victorian Government, is the executive branch of the Australian state of Victoria.

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Vincent Lingiari

Vincent Lingiari (13 June 1908 or 1919 – 21 January 1988) was an Australian Aboriginal rights activist of the Gurindji people.

See Indigenous Australians and Vincent Lingiari

Vocational education

Vocational education is education that prepares people for a skilled craft as an artisan, trade as a tradesperson, or work as a technician.

See Indigenous Australians and Vocational education

Vonda Malone

Vonda Lisa Malone is a member of the Queensland Government Truth-telling and Healing Inquiry.

See Indigenous Australians and Vonda Malone

Wadawurrung

The Wadawurrung nation, also called the Wathaurong, Wathaurung, and Wadda Wurrung, are an Aboriginal Australian people living in the area near Melbourne, Geelong, and the Bellarine Peninsula in the state of Victoria.

See Indigenous Australians and Wadawurrung

Wakefield Press (Australia)

Wakefield Press is an independent publishing company based in the Adelaide suburb of Mile End, South Australia.

See Indigenous Australians and Wakefield Press (Australia)

Walkabout (film)

Walkabout is a 1971 adventure survival film directed by Nicolas Roeg and starring Jenny Agutter, Luc Roeg, and David Gulpilil.

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Walter Baldwin Spencer

Sir Walter Baldwin Spencer (23 June 1860 – 14 July 1929), commonly referred to as Sir Baldwin Spencer, was a British-Australian evolutionary biologist, anthropologist and ethnologist.

See Indigenous Australians and Walter Baldwin Spencer

Warlpiri people

The Warlpiri, sometimes referred to as Yapa, are a group of Aboriginal Australians defined by their Warlpiri language, although not all still speak it.

See Indigenous Australians and Warlpiri people

Warren Mundine

Nyunggai Warren Stephen Mundine (born 11 August 1956) is an Australian businessman, political strategist, advocate for Indigenous affairs, and former politician.

See Indigenous Australians and Warren Mundine

Warwick Thornton

Warwick Thornton is an Australian film director, screenwriter, and cinematographer.

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Watercolor painting

Watercolor (American English) or watercolour (British English; see spelling differences), also aquarelle (from Italian diminutive of Latin aqua 'water'), is a painting method"Watercolor may be as old as art itself, going back to the Stone Age when early ancestors combined earth and charcoal with water to create the first wet-on-dry picture on a cave wall." in which the paints are made of pigments suspended in a water-based solution.

See Indigenous Australians and Watercolor painting

Wave Hill Station

Wave Hill Station, most commonly referred to as Wave Hill, is a pastoral lease in the Northern Territory operating as a cattle station.

See Indigenous Australians and Wave Hill Station

Wave Hill walk-off

The Wave Hill walk-off, also known as the Gurindji strike, was a walk-off and strike by 200 Gurindji stockmen, house servants and their families, starting on 23 August 1966 and lasting for seven years.

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Wayne Blair (director)

Wayne Blair is an Australian writer, actor, and director.

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Welcome to Country

A Welcome to Country is a ritual or formal ceremony performed as a land acknowledgement at many events held in Australia.

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Western Australia

Western Australia (WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western third of the land area of the Australian continent.

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Western Australian Legislative Assembly

The Western Australian Legislative Assembly, or lower house, is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of Western Australia, an Australian state.

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Western Desert cultural bloc

The Western Desert cultural bloc (also capitalised, abbreviated to WDCB, or just Western Desert) is a cultural region in central Australia covering about, used to describe a group of linguistically and culturally similar Aboriginal Australian nations.

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William Barak

William Barak (March 1823 – 15 August 1903), named Beruk by his parents, the "last chief of the Yarra Yarra tribe", was the last traditional ngurungaeta (elder) of the Wurundjeri-willam clan, the pre-colonial inhabitants of present-day Melbourne, Australia.

See Indigenous Australians and William Barak

William Cooper (Aboriginal Australian)

William Cooper (18 December 1860 or 1861 – 29 March 1941) was an Aboriginal Australian political activist and community leader; the first to lead a national movement recognised by the Australian Government.

See Indigenous Australians and William Cooper (Aboriginal Australian)

William Dampier

William Dampier (baptised 5 September 1651; died March 1715) was an English explorer, pirate, privateer, navigator, and naturalist who became the first Englishman to explore parts of what is today Australia, and the first person to circumnavigate the world three times.

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Wiltja

Wiltjas are shelters made by the Pitjantjatjara, Yankunytjatjara and other Aboriginal Australian peoples.

See Indigenous Australians and Wiltja

Wimmera Southern Mallee (region)

The Victorian government's Wimmera Southern Mallee subregion is part of the Grampians region in western Victoria.

See Indigenous Australians and Wimmera Southern Mallee (region)

Windradyne

Windradyne (1800 – 21 March 1829) was an Aboriginal warrior and resistance leader of the Wiradjuri nation, in what is now central-western New South Wales, Australia; he was also known to the British settlers as Saturday.

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Woomera (spear-thrower)

A woomera is an Australian Aboriginal wooden spear-throwing device.

See Indigenous Australians and Woomera (spear-thrower)

World Archaeology

World Archaeology is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering all aspects of archaeology.

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World Digital Library

The World Digital Library (WDL) is an international digital library operated by UNESCO and the United States Library of Congress.

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World Vision Australia

World Vision Australia (WVA) is an ecumenical Christian non-governmental organisation based in Melbourne, Australia.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

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Wurundjeri

The Wurundjeri people are an Aboriginal people of the Woiwurrung language group, in the Kulin nation.

See Indigenous Australians and Wurundjeri

Yagan

Yagan (– 11 July 1833) was an Aboriginal Australian warrior from the Noongar people.

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Yarra Valley

The Yarra Valley is the region surrounding the Yarra River in Victoria, Australia.

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Year 12

Year 12 is an educational year group in schools in many countries including England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Australia and New Zealand.

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Yirrkala

Yirrkala is a small community in East Arnhem Region, Northern Territory, Australia, southeast of the large mining town of Nhulunbuy, on the Gove Peninsula in Arnhem Land.

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Yirrkala bark petitions

The Yirrkala bark petitions, sent by the Yolngu people, an Aboriginal Australian people of Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory, to the Australian Parliament in 1963, were the first traditional documents prepared by Indigenous Australians that were recognised by the Australian Parliament, and the first documentary recognition of Indigenous people in Australian law.

See Indigenous Australians and Yirrkala bark petitions

Yolŋu languages

Yolŋu Matha, meaning the 'Yolŋu tongue', is a linguistic family that includes the languages of the Yolngu (also known as the Yolŋu and Yuulngu languages), the indigenous people of northeast Arnhem Land in northern Australia.

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Yolngu

The Yolngu or Yolŋu are an aggregation of Aboriginal Australian people inhabiting north-eastern Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory of Australia.

See Indigenous Australians and Yolngu

Yorta Yorta

The Yorta Yorta, also known as Jotijota, are an Aboriginal Australian people who have traditionally inhabited the area surrounding the junction of the Goulburn and Murray Rivers in present-day north-eastern Victoria and southern New South Wales.

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Yothu Yindi

Yothu Yindi (Yolngu for "child and mother", pronounced) are an Australian musical group with Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal members, formed in 1986 as a merger of two bands formed in 1985 – a white rock group called the Swamp Jockeys, (Todd Williams, Michael Wyatt, Cal Williams, Stuart Kellaway, Andrew Bellety) and an unnamed Aboriginal folk group consisting of Mandawuy Yunupingu, Witiyana Marika, and Milkayngu Mununggur.

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Yvette Holt

Yvette Henry Holt (born 1971) is a contemporary Australian poet, essayist, academic, researcher and editor, she heralds from the Bidjara, Yiman and Wakaman nations of Queensland.

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1967 Australian referendum (Aboriginals)

The second question of the 1967 Australian referendum of 27 May 1967, called by the Holt government, related to Indigenous Australians.

See Indigenous Australians and 1967 Australian referendum (Aboriginals)

1974 Northern Territory general election

The first general election for the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly was held in the Northern Territory on Saturday 19 October 1974, and was won by the Country Liberal Party (CLP), formed a few months earlier from the merger of the territorial Country and Liberal parties.

See Indigenous Australians and 1974 Northern Territory general election

1999 Australian republic referendum

The Australian republic referendum held on 6 November 1999 was a two-question referendum to amend the Constitution of Australia.

See Indigenous Australians and 1999 Australian republic referendum

2000 Summer Olympics

The 2000 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the XXVII Olympiad, officially branded as Sydney 2000, and also known as the Games of the New Millennium, were an international multi-sport event held from 15 September to 1 October 2000 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

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2006 Cannes Film Festival

The 59th Cannes Film Festival was held from 17 to 28 May 2006.

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2007 Australian federal election

The 2007 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 24 November 2007.

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2010 Australian federal election

The 2010 Australian federal election was held on Saturday, 21 August 2010 to elect members of the 43rd Parliament of Australia.

See Indigenous Australians and 2010 Australian federal election

2016 Australian census

The 2016 Australian census was the 17th national population census held in Australia.

See Indigenous Australians and 2016 Australian census

2016 Australian federal election

The 2016 Australian federal election was a double dissolution election held on Saturday 2 July to elect all 226 members of the 45th Parliament of Australia, after an extended eight-week official campaign period.

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2018 South Australian state election

The 2018 South Australian state election to elect members to the 54th Parliament of South Australia was held on 17 March 2018.

See Indigenous Australians and 2018 South Australian state election

2021 Australian census

The 2021 Australian census, simply called the 2021 Census, was the eighteenth national Census of Population and Housing in Australia.

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2022 Australian federal election

The 2022 Australian federal election was held on Saturday 21 May 2022 to elect members of the 47th Parliament of Australia.

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400 metres

The 400 metres, or 400-meter dash, is a sprint event in track and field competitions.

See Indigenous Australians and 400 metres

See also

Indigenous peoples of Australia

• Aboriginal Australians
• Black women
• Desperate Measures (2013 Australian TV series)
• Hidden Generations
• History of Indigenous Australians
• Indigenous Australian people
• Indigenous Australian politics
• Indigenous Australians
• Indigenous rangers
• Land acknowledgement
• List of indigenous ranger groups
• Unduyamo

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_Australians

Also known as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander, Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people, Aboriginal relations, Australian Aboriginal relations, Australian First Nations, Australian Indigenous, Australian Indigenous people, Australian Native, Australian Natives, Australian governments and indigenous Australians, Australia’s Indigenous people, Black Fellows, Blackfellow, Blak culture, Blaktivism, Desert people, First Nations Australians, First Nations in Australia, First Nations of Australia, First Peoples of Australia, Freshwater people, Genetic history of indigenous Australians, Genetic history of indigenous peoples of Australia, Genetic studies on Indigenous Australians, Indigenous Australia, Indigenous Australian, Indigenous Australian communities, Indigenous Australian people, Indigenous Australian politics, Indigenous Australian sports, Indigenous Australians and suicide, Indigenous Australians criminality, Indigenous australains, Indigenous peoples of Australia, Indiginous Australians, Issues facing Indigenous Australians today, Native Australian, Native Australians, Rainforest people, Saltwater people.

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