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Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts

Index Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts

Since the partition of British India in 1947 and creation of modern states of India and Pakistan, the two South Asian countries have been involved in four wars, including one undeclared war, and many border skirmishes and military stand-offs. [1]

192 relations: Aakraman, Aftermath of the 2008 Mumbai attacks, Aftermath of World War II, Air Force Day (Pakistan), Ajay Devgn, All-India Muslim League, Alpha Bravo Charlie, Amitabh Bachchan, Angar Wadi, Annexation of Junagadh, Arabian Sea, Azad Kashmir, Bangladesh, Bangladesh Liberation War, Battle of Longewala, BBC, Bobby Deol, Bollywood, Bombay Presidency, Border (1997 film), Border Security Force, Breguet Atlantic, Burhan Wani, Chagai-I, Chagai-II, Chetan Anand (director), Chief of the Army Staff (India), Coast guard, Conventional warfare, Daily Times (Pakistan), Deewaar (2004 film), Defence Day (Pakistan), Demobilization, Dominion of India, East Pakistan, East Pakistan Air Operations, 1971, Economy of Pakistan, Farhan Akhtar, Ghazi Shaheed, Gilgit-Baltistan, Government of Sindh, Govind Nihalani, Gujarat, Hari Singh, Herald (Pakistan), Hindi, Hindustan Ki Kasam, Hizbul Mujahideen, HMS Eagle (R05), India, ..., India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015), India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–present), India–Pakistan maritime trespassing, India–Pakistan relations, Indian Air Force, Indian Army, Indian independence movement, Indian National Congress, Indian Ocean, Indo-Pakistani Air War of 1965, Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, Instrument of Accession, Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir), Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir, Inter-Services Intelligence, Inter-Services Public Relations, International Court of Justice, J. Om Prakash, J. P. Dutta, Jaish-e-Mohammed, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir (princely state), Jawaharlal Nehru, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Junagadh, Kala Chitta Range, Kargil district, Kargil Vijay Diwas, Kargil War, Kashmir, Kashmir conflict, Kashmir Valley, Kirana Hills, Kupwara district, Kurukshetra (2008 film), Laag (TV series), Ladakh, Lakshya (film), Lashkar-e-Taiba, Library of Congress Country Studies, Line of Control, List of terrorist incidents in India, List of wars involving India, List of wars involving Pakistan, LOC Kargil, London Review of Books, Maharaja, Maharao, Major Ravi, Mani Shankar, Maritime boundary, Meghna Gulzar, Milan Luthria, Mohanlal, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Mumbai, Munir Ahmad Khan, My Life (Bill Clinton autobiography), Nawaz Sharif, Neelam Valley District, Northern Light Infantry, Nuclear doctrine of Pakistan, Nuclear warfare, Operation Brasstacks, Operation Chengiz Khan, Operation Dwarka, Operation Gibraltar, Operation Meghdoot, Operation Searchlight, Pakistan, Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism, Pakistan Army, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, Pakistan Naval Air Arm, Pakistan Naval Air Arm Atlantique shootdown, Pakistan Navy, Pakistan Rangers, Pakistani Instrument of Surrender, Pakistani nationalism, Param Vir Chakra (film), Partition of India, Patriotic hacking, PDF, PNS Ghazi, Pokhran-II, Pre-emptive nuclear strike, Presidencies and provinces of British India, Princely state, Prisoner of war, Punjab, Pakistan, Raazi, Random House, Rann of Kutch, Rauf Khalid, Shashi Kapoor, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Shoaib Mansoor, Siachen conflict, Siachen Glacier, Simla Agreement, Sindh, Sipahi Maqbool Hussain, Sir Creek, Smiling Buddha, Tango Charlie, Tashkent Declaration, Territorial waters, The Express Tribune, The Ghazi Attack, The Globe and Mail, The Hindu, TNT equivalent, Trespass, Two-nation theory, UN mediation of the Kashmir dispute, Undeclared war, United Nations Security Council, United Nations Security Council Resolution 47, United States, Urdu, USS Enterprise (CVN-65), Victory day of Bangladesh, Vijay Diwas (India), Vijeta (1982 film), War film, West Pakistan, Yahya Khan, Yale University Press, Youm-e-Takbir, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, 1971 (2007 film), 1971 Bangladesh genocide, 1971: Beyond Borders, 2001 Indian Parliament attack, 2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff, 2008 Indo-Pakistani standoff, 2008 Mumbai attacks, 2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish, 2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes, 2016 Uri attack. Expand index (142 more) »

Aakraman

Aakraman is a 1975 Hindi war film, produced by Jagdish Kumar and directed by J. Om Prakash.

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Aftermath of the 2008 Mumbai attacks

In the aftermath of the 2008 Mumbai attacks, there were multiple and far-ranging events that were observed.

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Aftermath of World War II

The Aftermath of World War II was the beginning of an era defined by the decline of all great powers except for the Soviet Union and the United States, and the simultaneous rise of two superpowers: the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States of America (USA).

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Air Force Day (Pakistan)

Air Force Day (یوم فضائیه or Youm-e-Fizaya) is celebrated in Pakistan as a national day on 7 September, after the annual celebration of the Defence Day.

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Ajay Devgn

Vishal Devgn (born 2 April 1969), known professionally as Ajay Devgn, is an Indian film actor, director and producer.

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All-India Muslim League

The All-India Muslim League (popularised as Muslim League) was a political party established during the early years of the 20th century in the British Indian Empire.

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Alpha Bravo Charlie

Alpha Bravo Charlie (Urdu: الفا براوو چارلی) is an action and thriller Pakistani drama, produced by ISPR and directed by Pakistani drama and film director Shoaib Mansoor.

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Amitabh Bachchan

Amitabh Bachchan (born 11 October 1942) is an Indian film actor, producer, television host, and former politician.

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Angar Wadi

Angar Wadi (انگار وادی) is a Pakistani television play/drama.

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Annexation of Junagadh

Junagadh was a princely state of British India, located in what is now Gujarat, outside but under the suzerainty of British India.

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Arabian Sea

The Arabian Sea, also known as Sea of Oman, is a region of the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by the Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel and the Arabian Peninsula, and on the east by India.

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Azad Kashmir

Azad Jammu and Kashmir (آزاد جموں و کشمیر Āzād Jammū̃ o Kaśmīr, translation: Free Jammu and Kashmir), abbreviated as AJK and commonly known as Azad Kashmir, is a nominally self-governing polity administered by Pakistan.

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Bangladesh

Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ, lit. "The country of Bengal"), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ), is a country in South Asia.

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Bangladesh Liberation War

The Bangladesh Liberation War (মুক্তিযুদ্ধ), also known as the Bangladesh War of Independence, or simply the Liberation War in Bangladesh, was a revolution and armed conflict sparked by the rise of the Bengali nationalist and self-determination movement in what was then East Pakistan during the 1971 Bangladesh genocide.

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Battle of Longewala

The Battle of Longewala (4–7 December 1971) was one of the first major engagements in the western sector during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, fought between assaulting Pakistani forces and Indian defenders at the Indian border post of Longewala, in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan state in India.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.

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Bobby Deol

Bobby Deol (born Vijay Singh Deol on 27 January 1969) is an Indian actor who works in Hindi films.

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Bollywood

Hindi cinema, often metonymously referred to as Bollywood, is the Indian Hindi-language film industry, based in the city of Mumbai (formerly Bombay), Maharashtra, India.

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Bombay Presidency

The Bombay Presidency, also known as Bombay and Sind from 1843 to 1936 and the Bombay Province, was an administrative subdivision (presidency) of British India.

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Border (1997 film)

Border is a 1997 Indian war film based on the Battle of Longewala during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, produced and directed by J. P. Dutta.

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Border Security Force

The Border Security Force (BSF) is the primary border guarding force of India.

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Breguet Atlantic

The Breguet Br.1150 Atlantic is a long-range maritime patrol aircraft designed and manufactured by Breguet Aviation.

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Burhan Wani

Burhan Muzaffar Wani was the commander of a Kashmiri militant group Hizbul Mujahideen.

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Chagai-I

Chagai-I is the code name of five simultaneous underground nuclear tests conducted by Pakistan at 15:15 hrs PST on 28 May 1998.

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Chagai-II

Chagai-II is the codename assigned to the second atomic test conducted by Pakistan, carried out on 30 May 1998 in the Kharan Desert in Balochistan Province of Pakistan.

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Chetan Anand (director)

Chetan Anand (3 January 1921 – 6 July 1997) was a Hindi film producer, screenwriter and director from India, whose debut film, Neecha Nagar, was awarded the Palme d'Or (Best Film) award at the first ever Cannes Film Festival in 1946.

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Chief of the Army Staff (India)

The Chief of the Army Staff is the commander and usually the highest-ranking officer of the Indian Army.

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Coast guard

A coast guard or coastguard is a maritime security organization of a particular country.

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Conventional warfare

Conventional warfare is a form of warfare conducted by using conventional weapons and battlefield tactics between two or more states in open confrontation.

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Daily Times (Pakistan)

The Daily Times (DT) is an English-language Pakistani newspaper.

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Deewaar (2004 film)

Deewaar is a 2004 Indian Hindi war film directed by Milan Luthria, produced by Gaurang Doshi and written by S. Gopala Reddy.

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Defence Day (Pakistan)

Defence Day (یوم دفاع ALA-LC) is a public holiday that is celebrated as national day to commemorate in the memory of Pakistan's successful defence against India that marked the ceasefire in the 1965 war on 6 September.

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Demobilization

Demobilization or demobilisation (see spelling differences) is the process of standing down a nation's armed forces from combat-ready status.

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Dominion of India

Between gaining independence from the United Kingdom on 15 August 1947 and the proclamation of a republic on 26 January 1950, India was an independent dominion in the British Commonwealth of Nations with king George VI as its head of state.

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East Pakistan

East Pakistan was the eastern provincial wing of Pakistan between 1955 and 1971, covering the territory of the modern country Bangladesh.

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East Pakistan Air Operations, 1971

East Pakistan Air Operations covers activity of the Pakistan Air Force and Pakistan Army Aviation units in erstwhile East Pakistan during the Bangladesh Liberation War and the interdiction, air defense, ground support, and logistics missions flown by the Bangladesh Air Force, Indian Air Force and Indian Navy Aviation wing in support of the Indian Amry and Mukti Bahini in the eastern theater of the Indo-Pakistani conflict of 1971.

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Economy of Pakistan

The economy of Pakistan is the 25th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP), and 42nd largest in terms of nominal gross domestic product.

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Farhan Akhtar

Farhan Akhtar (born 9 January 1974) is an Indian film director, screenwriter, producer, actor, playback singer and television host.

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Ghazi Shaheed

Ghazi Shaheed is a 1998 thriller drama film based on the disasters that befell the PNS ''Ghazi'' on Bay of Bengal.

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Gilgit-Baltistan

Gilgit-Baltistan, formerly known as the Northern Areas, is the northernmost administrative territory in Pakistan.

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Government of Sindh

The Government of Sindh (سنڌ سرڪار) is the provincial government of the province of Sindh, Pakistan.

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Govind Nihalani

Govind Nihalani (born 19 December 1940) is an Indian film director, cinematographer, screenwriter and producer, known for his works in Hindi cinema.

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Gujarat

Gujarat is a state in Western India and Northwest India with an area of, a coastline of – most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula – and a population in excess of 60 million.

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Hari Singh

Hari Singh (September 1895 – 26 April 1961) was the last ruling Maharaja of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir in India.

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Herald (Pakistan)

The Herald is a monthly magazine of politics and current affairs published in Karachi, Pakistan.

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Hindi

Hindi (Devanagari: हिन्दी, IAST: Hindī), or Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: मानक हिन्दी, IAST: Mānak Hindī) is a standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language.

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Hindustan Ki Kasam

Hindustan Ki Kasam (The Oath of Hindustan) is a 1973 war movie based on Operation Cactus Lilly in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 directed by Chetan Anand, who has previously made the popular war film Haqeeqat (1964) on the Sino-Indian War, the film however didn't perform well commercially.

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Hizbul Mujahideen

Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (حزب المجاھدین, Ḥizb al-Mujāhidīn, meaning "Party of Holy Warriors" or "Party of Mujahideen") is a Kashmiri separatist militant organization founded by Muhammad Ahsan Dar in September 1989.

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HMS Eagle (R05)

HMS Eagle was an of the Royal Navy, in service 1951–1972.

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015)

The India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015) were a series of armed skirmishes and firing exchanges between the Border Security Force and Pakistan Rangers along the Line of Control (LoC) in the disputed Kashmir region, as well as Punjab.

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India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–present)

On 29 September 2016, border skirmishes between India and Pakistan began following reported "surgical strikes" by India against militant launch pads across the Line of Control in Pakistani-administered Azad Kashmir.

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India–Pakistan maritime trespassing

India–Pakistan maritime trespassing refers to the frequent trespassing and violation of respective national territorial waters of India and Pakistan in peacetime.

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India–Pakistan relations

Relations between India and Pakistan have been complex and largely hostile due to a number of historical and political events.

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Indian Air Force

The Indian Air Force (IAF; IAST: Bhāratīya Vāyu Senā) is the air arm of the Indian armed forces.

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Indian Army

The Indian Army is the land-based branch and the largest component of the Indian Armed Forces.

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Indian independence movement

The Indian independence movement encompassed activities and ideas aiming to end the East India Company rule (1757–1857) and the British Indian Empire (1857–1947) in the Indian subcontinent.

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Indian National Congress

The Indian National Congress (INC, often called Congress Party) is a broadly based political party in India.

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Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering (approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface).

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Indo-Pakistani Air War of 1965

The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 saw the Indian and Pakistani Air Forces engaged in large-scale aerial combat against each other for the first time since the Partition of India in 1947.

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Indo-Pakistani War of 1965

The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 was a culmination of skirmishes that took place between April 1965 and September 1965 between Pakistan and India. The conflict began following Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar, which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to precipitate an insurgency against Indian rule. India retaliated by launching a full-scale military attack on West Pakistan. The seventeen-day war caused thousands of casualties on both sides and witnessed the largest engagement of armored vehicles and the largest tank battle since World War II. Hostilities between the two countries ended after a United Nations-mandated ceasefire was declared following diplomatic intervention by the Soviet Union and the United States, and the subsequent issuance of the Tashkent Declaration. Much of the war was fought by the countries' land forces in Kashmir and along the border between India and Pakistan. This war saw the largest amassing of troops in Kashmir since the Partition of British India in 1947, a number that was overshadowed only during the 2001–2002 military standoff between India and Pakistan. Most of the battles were fought by opposing infantry and armoured units, with substantial backing from air forces, and naval operations. Many details of this war, like those of other Indo-Pakistani Wars, remain unclear. India had the upper hand over Pakistan when the ceasefire was declared. "Satisfied that it had secured a strategic and psychological victory over Pakistan by frustrating its attempt to seize Kashmir by force, when the UN resolution was passed, India accepted its terms... with Pakistan's stocks of ammunition and other essential supplies all but exhausted, and with the military balance tipping steadily in India's favour." "Losses were relatively heavy—on the Pakistani side, twenty aircraft, 200 tanks, and 3,800 troops. Pakistan's army had been able to withstand Indian pressure, but a continuation of the fighting would only have led to further losses and ultimate defeat for Pakistan." Quote: The invading Indian forces outfought their Pakistani counterparts and halted their attack on the outskirts of Lahore, Pakistan's second-largest city. By the time the United Nations intervened on 22 September, Pakistan had suffered a clear defeat. Although the two countries fought to a standoff, the conflict is seen as a strategic and political defeat for Pakistan, "... the war itself was a disaster for Pakistan, from the first failed attempts by Pakistani troops to precipitate an insurgency in Kashmir to the appearance of Indian artillery within range of Lahore International Airport." – U.S. Department of State, – Interview with Steve Coll in United States House of Representatives 12 September 1994South Asia in World Politics By Devin T. Hagerty, 2005 Rowman & Littlefield,, p. 26 as it had neither succeeded in fomenting insurrection in Kashmir "... after some initial success, the momentum behind Pakistan's thrust into Kashmir slowed, and the state's inhabitants rejected exhortations from the Pakistani insurgents to join them in taking up arms against their Indian "oppressors." Pakistan's inability to muster support from the local Kashmiri population proved a disaster, both militarily and politically." nor had it been able to gain meaningful support at an international level. "Mao had decided that China would intervene under two conditions—that India attacked East Pakistan, and that Pakistan requested Chinese intervention. In the end, neither of them obtained." Internationally, the war was viewed in the context of the greater Cold War, and resulted in a significant geopolitical shift in the subcontinent. Before the war, the United States and the United Kingdom had been major material allies of both India and Pakistan, as their primary suppliers of military hardware and foreign developmental aid. During and after the conflict, both India and Pakistan felt betrayed by the perceived lack of support by the western powers for their respective positions; those feelings of betrayal were increased with the imposition of an American and British embargo on military aid to the opposing sides. As a consequence, India and Pakistan openly developed closer relationships with the Soviet Union and China, respectively. The perceived negative stance of the western powers during the conflict, and during the 1971 war, has continued to affect relations between the West and the subcontinent. In spite of improved relations with the U.S. and Britain since the end of the Cold War, the conflict generated a deep distrust of both countries within the subcontinent which to an extent lingers to this day."In retrospect, it is clear that the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 represented a watershed in the West's association with the subcontinent.""By extending the Cold War into South Asia, however, the United States did succeed in disturbing the subcontinent's established politico-military equilibrium, undermining British influence in the region, embittering relations between India and Pakistan and, ironically, facilitating the expansion of communist influence in the developing world." "The legacy of the Johnson arms cut-off remains alive today. Indians simply do not believe that America will be there when India needs military help... the legacy of the U.S. "betrayal" still haunts U.S.-Pakistan relations today.".

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Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military confrontation between India and Pakistan that occurred during the liberation war in East Pakistan from 3 December 1971 to the fall of Dacca (Dhaka) on 16 December 1971.

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Instrument of Accession

The Instrument of Accession was a legal document first introduced by the Government of India Act 1935 and used in 1947 to enable each of the rulers of the princely states under British paramountcy to join one of the new dominions of India or Pakistan created by the Partition of British India.

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Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir)

The Instrument of Accession is a legal document executed by Maharaja Hari Singh, ruler of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, on 26 October 1947.

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Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir

The insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir or the Kashmiri Insurgency (also known as Kashmir Intifada) is a conflict between various Kashmiri separatists and the Government of India.

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Inter-Services Intelligence

The Inter-Services Intelligence (بین الخدماتی مخابرات, abbreviated as ISI) is the premier intelligence agency of Pakistan, operationally responsible for gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world.

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Inter-Services Public Relations

The Inter-Services Public Relations (بین الخدماتی تعلقات عامہ; Reporting name:ISPR), is the media wing of the Pakistan Armed Forces which broadcasts and coordinates military news and information to the country's civilian media and the civic society.

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International Court of Justice

The International Court of Justice (abbreviated ICJ; commonly referred to as the World Court) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN).

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J. Om Prakash

Jay Om Prakash (born January 24, 1927 in Sialkot, Punjab, British India) is an Indian film producer and director.

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J. P. Dutta

Jyoti Prakash Dutta (born 3 October 1949) is an Indian Bollywood film producer and director.

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Jaish-e-Mohammed

Jaish-e-Mohammed (جيش محمد, literally "The Army of Muhammad", abbreviated as JeM) is a Deobandi: "Deobandis like Masood Azhar, a graduate of Jamia Binouria who later set up a jihadist outfit named Jaish-e-Muhammad (JeM) in 2000, reportedly at the behest of Pakistan's military establishment." jihadist: "as soon as he was freed, Masood Azhar was back in Pakistan where he founded a new jihadist movement, Jai-sh e Mohd Shaikh, which became one of the jihadist groups the ISI used in Kashmir and elsewhere." group active in Kashmir.

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Jammu

Jammu is the largest city in the Jammu Division and the winter capital of state of Jammu and Kashmir in India.

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Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir (ænd) is a state in northern India, often denoted by its acronym, J&K.

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Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)

Jammu and Kashmir was, from 1846 until 1952, a princely state of the British Empire in India and ruled by a Jamwal Rajput Dogra Dynasty.

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Jawaharlal Nehru

Jawaharlal Nehru (14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics before and after independence.

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John F. Kennedy School of Government

The John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University (also known as Harvard Kennedy School and HKS) is a public policy and public administration school, of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.

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Junagadh

Junagadh is the headquarters of Junagadh district in the Indian state of Gujarat.

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Kala Chitta Range

Kala Chitta Range (کالا چٹا) is a mountain range located in the Attock District of Punjab, Pakistan.

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Kargil district

Kargil is a district of Ladakh division in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.

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Kargil Vijay Diwas

Kargil Vijay Diwas, named after the success of Operation Vijay.

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Kargil War

The Kargil War (करगिल युद्ध, kargil yuddh, کرگل جنگ kargil jang), also known as the Kargil conflict, was an armed conflict between India and Pakistan that took place between May and July 1999 in the Kargil district of Kashmir and elsewhere along the Line of Control (LOC).

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Kashmir

Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent.

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Kashmir conflict

The Kashmir conflict is a territorial conflict primarily between India and Pakistan, having started just after the partition of India in 1947.

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Kashmir Valley

The Kashmir Valley, also known as the Vale of Kashmir, is a valley in the portion of the Kashmir region administered by India.

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Kirana Hills

The Kirana Hills is a small and extensive rocky mountain range located in Sargodha, Pakistan.

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Kupwara district

Kupwara District is located in Jammu and Kashmir, India.

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Kurukshetra (2008 film)

Kurukshetra is a 2008 Indian Malayalam war film written and directed by Major Ravi.

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Laag (TV series)

Laag (لاگ) was a 1998 Pakistani action crime drama serial, run by PTV between 1998-2000.

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Ladakh

Ladakh ("land of high passes") is a region in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir that currently extends from the Kunlun mountain range to the main Great Himalayas to the south, inhabited by people of Indo-Aryan and Tibetan descent.

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Lakshya (film)

Lakshya (English: Aim) is a 2004 Indian war-drama, directed by Farhan Akhtar and produced by Ritesh Sidhwani, starring Hrithik Roshan, Preity Zinta and Amitabh Bachchan in the lead roles.

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Lashkar-e-Taiba

Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT, لشکر طیبہ; literally Army of the Good, translated as Army of the Righteous, or Army of the Pure and alternatively spelled as Lashkar-e-Tayyiba, Lashkar-e-Toiba; Lashkar-e-Taiba; Lashkar-i-Tayyeba) is one of the largest and most active Islamic terrorism militant organizations in South Asia, operating mainly from Pakistan.

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Library of Congress Country Studies

The Country Studies are works published by the Federal Research Division of the United States Library of Congress, freely available for use by researchers.

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Line of Control

The term Line of Control (LoC) refers to the military control line between the Indian and Pakistani controlled parts of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir—a line which does not constitute a legally recognized international boundary, but is the de facto border.

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List of terrorist incidents in India

This is a list of terrorist incidents in India.

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List of wars involving India

This is a historical overview of armed conflicts involving India.

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List of wars involving Pakistan

The following is a list of armed conflicts involving the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

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LOC Kargil

LOC Kargil is 2003 Indian war drama film based on the Kargil War fought between India and Pakistan, produced and directed by J. P. Dutta under his J.P. Films Banner.

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London Review of Books

The London Review of Books (LRB) is a British journal of literary essays.

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Maharaja

Mahārāja (महाराज, also spelled Maharajah, Moharaja) is a Sanskrit title for a "great ruler", "great king" or "high king".

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Maharao

Maharao is a variation on the Indian (mainly Hindu) royal title Maharaja, also meaning 'Great king' in Hindi.

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Major Ravi

A.

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Mani Shankar

Mani Shankar is a Bollywood film director, holographic technology expert, writer and speaker.

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Maritime boundary

A maritime boundary is a conceptual division of the Earth's water surface areas using physiographic or geopolitical criteria.

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Meghna Gulzar

Meghna Gulzar (born 13 December 1973) is an Indian director of Hindi films, and is the only daughter of lyricist and poet Gulzar and actress Raakhee.

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Milan Luthria

Milan Luthria is an Indian film director who works in Hindi films.

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Mohanlal

Mohanlal Viswanathan (born 21 May 1960), known mononymously as Mohanlal, is an Indian actor, producer and playback singer who predominantly works in Malayalam cinema.

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Muhammad Ali Jinnah (محمد علی جناح ALA-LC:, born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai; 25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948) was a lawyer, politician, and the founder of Pakistan.

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Mumbai

Mumbai (also known as Bombay, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra.

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Munir Ahmad Khan

Munir Ahmad Khan (منير احمد خان; b. 20 May 1926 – 22 April 1999; ''NI'' ''HI''), was a Pakistani nuclear engineer and a nuclear physicist, who served as the chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) from 1972 to 1991.

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My Life (Bill Clinton autobiography)

My Life is a 2004 autobiography written by former President of the United States Bill Clinton, who left office on January 20, 2001.

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Nawaz Sharif

Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif (Urdu/میاں محمد نواز شریف, born 25 December 1949) is a Pakistani business magnate and former politician who has served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan for three non-consecutive terms, all of the three terms were unsuccessful.

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Neelam Valley District

The Neelam Valley (also spelt Neelum; وادیِ نیلم), is the northernmost region and district of Azad Kashmir in Pakistan.

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Northern Light Infantry

The Northern Light Infantry (reporting name: NLI) is a light infantry regiment in the Pakistan Army, based and currently headquartered in Gilgit, the capital of Gilgit–Baltistan.

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Nuclear doctrine of Pakistan

The Nuclear doctrine of Pakistan is a theoretical concept of military strategy that promotes deterrence by guaranteeing an immediate "massive retaliation" to an aggressive attack against the state.

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Nuclear warfare

Nuclear warfare (sometimes atomic warfare or thermonuclear warfare) is a military conflict or political strategy in which nuclear weaponry is used to inflict damage on the enemy.

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Operation Brasstacks

Operation Brasstacks was a codename of a major military exercise of the Indian Army in Rajasthan state of India, that took place in 1986 until its execution in 1987.

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Operation Chengiz Khan

Operation Chengiz Khan was the code name assigned to the preemptive strikes carried out by the Pakistani Air Force (PAF) on the forward airbases and radar installations of the Indian Air Force (IAF) on the evening of 3 December 1971, and marked the formal initiation of hostilities of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.

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Operation Dwarka

Operation Dwarka was a naval operation by the Pakistan Navy to attack the Indian coastal town of Dwarka on 7 September 1965.

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Operation Gibraltar

Operation Gibraltar was the codename given to the strategy of Pakistan to infiltrate Jammu and Kashmir, and start a rebellion against Indian rule.

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Operation Meghdoot

Operation Meghdoot (ऑपरेशन मेघदूत Ŏparēśan Meghdūt, lit. "Operation Cloud Messenger" after a famous Sanskrit poem by Kalidasa) was the code-name for the Indian Armed Forces operation to capture the Siachen Glacier in the Kashmir region, precipitating the Siachen Conflict.

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Operation Searchlight

Operation Searchlight was a planned military operation carried out by the Pakistan Army to curb the Bengali nationalist movement in the erstwhile East Pakistan in March 1971, which the Pakistani state justified on the basis of anti-Bihari violence by Bengalis in early March.

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Pakistan

Pakistan (پاکِستان), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاکِستان), is a country in South Asia.

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Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism

Pakistan has long been accused by its neighbours India and Afghanistan, and western nations like the United StatesInternational Terrorism: Threats and Responses: Hearings Before the Committee on the Judiciary By United States Congress House Committee on the Judiciary,, 1996, pp.

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Pakistan Army

Pakistan Army (پاک فوج Pak Fauj (IPA: pɑk fɒ~ɔd͡ʒ); Reporting name: PA) is the land-based force of the Pakistan Armed Forces.

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Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission

The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC; Urdu) is an independent governmental authority and a scientific research institution, concerned with research and development of nuclear power, promotion of nuclear science, energy conservation and the peaceful usage of nuclear technology.

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Pakistan Naval Air Arm

The Pakistan Naval Air Arm (unofficially Pakistan Naval Aviation) is the naval aviation and naval warfare service branch of the Pakistan Navy.

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Pakistan Naval Air Arm Atlantique shootdown

On 10 August 1999, a Breguet Atlantic maritime patrol aircraft of the Pakistan Naval Air Arm was shot down by a MiG 21 fighter of the Indian Air Force over the Rann of Kutch, on the border between India and Pakistan.

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Pakistan Navy

The Pakistan Navy (rtl; Pɑkistan Bahri'a) (reporting name: PN) is the naval warfare branch of the Pakistan Armed Forces, responsible for Pakistan's of coastline along the Arabian Sea, and the defence of important civilian harbours and military bases.

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Pakistan Rangers

The Pakistan Rangers (پاکستان رےنجرز) are a paramilitary law enforcement organization in Pakistan and have a primary mission of securing important sites such as Pakistan's International Border with India as well as employed in internal security operations, and providing assistance to the police in maintaining law and order.

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Pakistani Instrument of Surrender

The Pakistani Instrument of Surrender (পাকিস্তানের আত্মসমর্পণের দলিল, Pākistānēr Atmasamarpaṇēr Dalil) was a written agreement that enabled the surrender of the Pakistan Armed Forces on 16 December 1971 at the Ramna Race Course garden in Dhaka, thereby ending the Bangladesh Liberation War.

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Pakistani nationalism

Pakistani nationalism refers to the political, cultural, linguistic, historical, religious and geographical expression of patriotism by the people of Pakistan, of pride in the history, heritage and identity of Pakistan, and visions for its future.

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Param Vir Chakra (film)

Param Vir Chakra is a 1995 Bollywood war action film directed and written by Ashok Kaul.

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Partition of India

The Partition of India was the division of British India in 1947 which accompanied the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan.

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Patriotic hacking

Patriotic hacking is a term for computer hacking or system cracking in which citizens or supporters of a country, traditionally industrialized Western countries but increasingly developing countries, attempt to perpetrate attacks on, or block attacks by, perceived enemies of the state.

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PDF

The Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format developed in the 1990s to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.

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PNS Ghazi

PNS Ghazi (previously USS Diablo (SS-479); reporting name: Ghazi),, was a diesel-electric and the first fast-attack submarine of the Pakistan Navy, leased from the United States in 1963.

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Pokhran-II

Pokhran-II was the series of five nuclear bomb test explosions conducted by India at the Indian Army's Pokhran Test Range in May 1998.

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Pre-emptive nuclear strike

In nuclear strategy, a first strike is a preemptive surprise attack employing overwhelming force.

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Presidencies and provinces of British India

The Provinces of India, earlier Presidencies of British India and still earlier, Presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance in the subcontinent.

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Princely state

A princely state, also called native state (legally, under the British) or Indian state (for those states on the subcontinent), was a vassal state under a local or regional ruler in a subsidiary alliance with the British Raj.

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Prisoner of war

A prisoner of war (POW) is a person, whether combatant or non-combatant, who is held in custody by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict.

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Punjab, Pakistan

Punjab (Urdu, Punjabi:, panj-āb, "five waters") is Pakistan's second largest province by area, after Balochistan, and its most populous province, with an estimated population of 110,012,442 as of 2017.

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Raazi

Raazi (translation: Agree) is a 2018 Indian spy thriller film directed by Meghna Gulzar and produced by Vineet Jain, Karan Johar, Hiroo Yash Johar and Apoorva Mehta under the banners of Dharma Productions and Junglee Pictures.

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Random House

Random House is an American book publisher and the largest general-interest paperback publisher in the world.

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Rann of Kutch

The Rann of Kutch is a large area of salt marshes located mostly in Gujarat (primarily the Kutch district), India and the southern tip of Sindh, Pakistan.

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Rauf Khalid

Abdul Rauf Khalid (عبدالرؤف خالد; 19 December 1957 in Peshawar – 24 November 2011) was a Pakistani actor, filmmaker and television writer/director.

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Shashi Kapoor

Shashi Kapoor (born as Balbir Prithviraj Kapoor; 18 March 1938 – 4 December 2017) was an Indian film actor and producer.

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Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান);; (17 March 1920 – 15 August 1975), shortened as Sheikh Mujib or just Mujib, was a Bengali politician and statesman.

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Shoaib Mansoor

Shoaib Mansoor, (شعیب منصور; born 19 April 1952) is a Pakistani television and film director, writer, producer, lyricist and musician.

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Siachen conflict

The Siachen conflict, sometimes referred to as the Siachen War, was a military conflict between India and Pakistan over the disputed Siachen Glacier region in Kashmir.

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Siachen Glacier

The Siachen Glacier (Hindi: सियाचिन ग्लेशियर, Urdu: سیاچن گلیشیر) is a glacier located in the eastern Karakoram range in the Himalayas at about, just northeast of the point NJ9842 where the Line of Control between India and Pakistan ends.

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Simla Agreement

The Simla Agreement (or Shimla Agreement) was signed between India and Pakistan on 2 July 1972 in Simla, the capital city of Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.

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Sindh

Sindh (سنڌ; سِندھ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan, in the southeast of the country.

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Sipahi Maqbool Hussain

Siphai Maqbool Hussain co-produced by ISPR and Interflow Communications Limitedhttp://www.ispr.gov.pk/Archive&Press/Apr-2008/16-Apr-2008.htm is a Pakistani miniseries, aired during the month of April 2008, simultaneously on TV One and PTV, that narrates the true story of a Pakistani soldier, Maqbool Hussain, who was injured and taken prisoner by the Indian Army in the 1965 war and spent 40 years in Indian jails.

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Sir Creek

Sir Creek is a 96 km (60 mi) tidal estuary on the border of India and Pakistan.

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Smiling Buddha

Smiling BuddhaThis test has many code names.

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Tango Charlie

Tango Charlie is a 2005 Indian Hindi war film written and directed by Mani Shankar.

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Tashkent Declaration

The Tashkent Declaration was a peace agreement between India and Pakistan signed on 10 January 1966 that resolved the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.

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Territorial waters

Territorial waters or a territorial sea, as defined by the 2013 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is a belt of coastal waters extending at most from the baseline (usually the mean low-water mark) of a coastal state.

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The Express Tribune

The Express Tribune is a major daily English-language newspaper based in Pakistan.

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The Ghazi Attack

The Ghazi Attack (Ghazi in Telugu) is a 2017 Indian war film written, and directed by Sankalp Reddy.

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The Globe and Mail

The Globe and Mail is a Canadian newspaper printed in five cities in western and central Canada.

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The Hindu

The Hindu is an Indian daily newspaper, headquartered at Chennai.

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TNT equivalent

TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion.

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Trespass

Trespass is an area of criminal law or tort law broadly divided into three groups: trespass to the person, trespass to chattels and trespass to land.

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Two-nation theory

The two-nation theory is the basis of the creation of Pakistan.

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UN mediation of the Kashmir dispute

The United Nations has played an important role in maintaining peace and order in Jammu and Kashmir soon after the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947, when a dispute erupted between the two States on the question of Jammu and Kashmir.

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Undeclared war

An undeclared war is a military conflict between two or more nations without either side issuing a formal declaration of war.

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United Nations Security Council

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, charged with the maintenance of international peace and security as well as accepting new members to the United Nations and approving any changes to its United Nations Charter.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 47

The United Nations Security Council Resolution 47, adopted on April 21, 1948, concerns the resolution of the Kashmir conflict.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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Urdu

Urdu (اُردُو ALA-LC:, or Modern Standard Urdu) is a Persianised standard register of the Hindustani language.

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USS Enterprise (CVN-65)

USS Enterprise (CVN-65), formerly CVA(N)-65, is a decommissioned United States Navy aircraft carrier.

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Victory day of Bangladesh

Victory day (বিজয় দিবস Bijôy Dibôs) is a national holiday in Bangladesh celebrated on December 16 to commemorate the victory of the allied forces over the Pakistani forces in the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971.

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Vijay Diwas (India)

BIjoy dibosh: विजय दिवस, lit.

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Vijeta (1982 film)

Vijeta (English: The Victor) is a 1982 Indian coming-of-age Hindi film produced by Shashi Kapoor and directed by Govind Nihalani.

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War film

War film is a film genre concerned with warfare, typically about naval, air, or land battles, with combat scenes central to the drama.

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West Pakistan

West Pakistan (مغربی پاکستان,; পশ্চিম পাকিস্তান) was one of the two exclaves created at the formation of the modern State of Pakistan following the 1947 Partition of India.

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Yahya Khan

Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan (آغا محمد یحییٰ خان; 4 February 1917 – 10 August 1980), widely known as Yahya Khan,, was the third President of Pakistan, serving in this post from 25 March 1969 until turning over his presidency in December 1971.

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Yale University Press

Yale University Press is a university press associated with Yale University.

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Youm-e-Takbir

Youm-e-Takbir (یوم تکبیر; lit. The day of greatness) is celebrated as a national day in Pakistan on May 28 in commemoration of Chagai-I and Chagai-II when Pakistan detonated seven nuclear devices in response to India's five detonations of Pokhran-II in 1998, 17 days after the incident.

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Zulfikar Ali Bhutto

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (5 January 1928 – 4 April 1979) was a Pakistani politician who served as the 9th Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1973 to 1977, and prior to that as the 4th President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973.

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1971 (2007 film)

1971 is a 2007 Indian Hindi war drama film directed by Amrit Sagar, and written by Piyush Mishra and Amrit Sagar, based on a true story of prisoners of war after the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.

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1971 Bangladesh genocide

The genocide in Bangladesh began on 26 March 1971 with the launch of Operation Searchlight, as West Pakistan began a military crackdown on the Eastern wing of the nation to suppress Bengali calls for self-determination rights.

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1971: Beyond Borders

1971: Beyond Borders is a 2017 Indian war drama film written and directed by Major Ravi.

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2001 Indian Parliament attack

The 2001 Indian Parliament attack was a terrorist attack at the Parliament of India in New Delhi on 13 December 2001.

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2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff

The 2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff was a military standoff between India and Pakistan that resulted in the massing of troops on either side of the border and along the Line of Control (LoC) in the region of Kashmir.

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2008 Indo-Pakistani standoff

After the 2008 Mumbai attacks, The Globe and Mail, 11 April 2011 11:15 pm EDT Pakistan and the ISI were believed by India to be directly responsible behind the attacks, leading to strained relations between the two countries for a period of time.

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2008 Mumbai attacks

The 2008 Mumbai attacks (also referred to as 26/11) were a group of terrorist attacks that took place in November 2008, when 10 members of Lashkar-e-Taiba, an Islamic terrorist organisation based in Pakistan, carried out a series of 12 coordinated shooting and bombing attacks lasting four days across Mumbai.

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2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish

The 2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish was a series of incidents which took place during the months of July and August 2011 across the Line of Control in Kupwara District and Neelam Valley.

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2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes

The 2013 India–Pakistan border incidents was a series of armed skirmishes along the Line of Control (LoC) in the disputed Kashmir area.

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2016 Uri attack

The 2016 Uri attack was an attack by four heavily armed militants on 18 September 2016, near the town of Uri in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.

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Redirects here:

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts

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