Faster access than browser!
149 relations: Act of Independence of Lithuania, Adam Jerzy Czartoryski, Adam Ulam, Alexander I of Russia, Alfonsas Eidintas, Andrzej Duda, Andrzej Nowak (historian), Andrzej Paczkowski, Anna M. Cienciala, Artis Pabriks, Aviel Roshwald, Balance of power (international relations), Balkans, Baltic Entente, Baltic Sea, Baltic states, Battlegroup (army), Belarus, Black Sea, Bloodlands, Bolsheviks, Bug River, Bulgaria, Catherine the Great, Caucasus, Central Europe, Coat of arms of Poland, Columbia Encyclopedia, Czech Republic, Czechoslovakia, Dmitry Merezhkovsky, Douglas Reed, Dzerkalo Tyzhnia, East Prussia, Eastern Europe, Emperor, Encyclopædia Britannica, English language, Estonia, European Union, Federation, Finland, France, Galicia (Eastern Europe), Gediminids, Geopolitics, George Sanford (political scientist), Giedroyc Doctrine, Google Books, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, ..., Greece, Greek–Yugoslav confederation, Gwiazda Polarna, Hôtel Lambert, Hellenoturkism, Hungary, Imperialism, Intermediate Region, Internetowa encyklopedia PWN, Interwar period, Italy, Jadwiga of Poland, Jagiellonian dynasty, January Uprising, Janusz Cisek, Józef Beck, Józef Piłsudski, Kiev, Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569), Kościuszko Uprising, Kresy, Latin, Latvia, Lithuania, Little Entente, Lviv, Marek Jan Chodakiewicz, Margaret MacMillan, Marian Kamil Dziewanowski, May Coup (Poland), Michael (archangel), Military alliance, Minsk, Napoleonic Wars, Nation state, National Democracy, NATO, NATO Response Force, Nazi Germany, Norman Davies, November Uprising, Pahonia, Pan-Slavism, Paris, Partitions of Poland, Paul I of Russia, Piotr Łossowski, Poland, Polish government-in-exile, Polish Underground State, Polish–Czechoslovak border conflicts, Polish–Czechoslovak confederation, Polish–Georgian alliance, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Polish–Lithuanian union, Polish–Lithuanian War, Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite Commonwealth, Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth, Polish–Romanian Alliance, Polish–Soviet War, Polish–Ukrainian War, Polonization, President of Poland, Prometheism, Revolutions of 1848, Roman Dmowski, Romania, Russia, Russian Civil War, Russian Empire, Ruthenia, Scandinavia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Slavs, Soviet Union, Sphere of influence, Teutonic Order, Three Seas Initiative, Timothy D. Snyder, Treaty of Warsaw (1920), Triple Entente, Ukraine, Unitary state, University of Gdańsk, Viktor Yushchenko, Visegrád Group, Volhynia, Warsaw Pact, Władysław II Jagiełło, Władysław Sikorski, West Ukrainian People's Republic, White movement, Winter War, World War I, World War II, Yohanan Cohen, Young Poland, Yugoslavia. Expand index (99 more) »
Act of Independence of Lithuania
The Act of Reinstating Independence of Lithuania (Lietuvos Valstybės atkūrimo aktas) or Act of 16 February was signed by the Council of Lithuania on 16 February 1918, proclaiming the restoration of an independent State of Lithuania, governed by democratic principles, with Vilnius as its capital.
New!!: Intermarium and Act of Independence of Lithuania · See more »
Adam Jerzy Czartoryski
Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski (Аdomas Jurgis Čartoriskis, also known as Adam George Czartoryski in English; 14 January 177015 July 1861) was a Polish nobleman, statesman and author.
New!!: Intermarium and Adam Jerzy Czartoryski · See more »
Adam Ulam
Adam Bruno Ulam (8 April 1922 – 28 March 2000) was a Polish-American historian of Jewish descent and political scientist at Harvard University.
New!!: Intermarium and Adam Ulam · See more »
Alexander I of Russia
Alexander I (Александр Павлович, Aleksandr Pavlovich; –) reigned as Emperor of Russia between 1801 and 1825.
New!!: Intermarium and Alexander I of Russia · See more »
Alfonsas Eidintas
Alfonsas Eidintas (b. 4 January 1952 in Vaiguva, Kelmė District Municipality, Lithuania) is a historian, diplomat and novelist.
New!!: Intermarium and Alfonsas Eidintas · See more »
Andrzej Duda
Andrzej Sebastian Duda (born 16 May 1972) is a Polish politician as well as the sixth and current President of Poland, holding the office since 6 August 2015.
New!!: Intermarium and Andrzej Duda · See more »
Andrzej Nowak (historian)
Andrzej Nowak (born 1960) is a Polish historian and publicist.
New!!: Intermarium and Andrzej Nowak (historian) · See more »
Andrzej Paczkowski
Prof.
New!!: Intermarium and Andrzej Paczkowski · See more »
Anna M. Cienciala
Anna Maria Cienciala (November 8, 1929 – December 24, 2014) was a Polish-American historian and author.
New!!: Intermarium and Anna M. Cienciala · See more »
Artis Pabriks
Artis Pabriks (born 22 March 1966) is a Latvian politician and a Member of the European Parliament.
New!!: Intermarium and Artis Pabriks · See more »
Aviel Roshwald
Aviel Roshwald is an American historian and Professor of history at Georgetown University.
New!!: Intermarium and Aviel Roshwald · See more »
Balance of power (international relations)
The balance of power theory in international relations suggests that national security is enhanced when military capability is distributed so that no one state is strong enough to dominate all others.
New!!: Intermarium and Balance of power (international relations) · See more »
Balkans
The Balkans, or the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographic area in southeastern Europe with various and disputed definitions.
New!!: Intermarium and Balkans · See more »
Baltic Entente
The Baltic Entente was based on Treaty of Good-Understanding and Co-operation signed between Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia on September 12, 1934 in Geneva.
New!!: Intermarium and Baltic Entente · See more »
Baltic Sea
The Baltic Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, enclosed by Scandinavia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Poland, Germany and the North and Central European Plain.
New!!: Intermarium and Baltic Sea · See more »
Baltic states
The Baltic states, also known as the Baltic countries, Baltic republics, Baltic nations or simply the Baltics (Balti riigid, Baltimaad, Baltijas valstis, Baltijos valstybės), is a geopolitical term used for grouping the three sovereign countries in Northern Europe on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
New!!: Intermarium and Baltic states · See more »
Battlegroup (army)
A battlegroup (British/Commonwealth term), or task force (U.S. term) in modern military theory is the basic building block of an army's fighting force.
New!!: Intermarium and Battlegroup (army) · See more »
Belarus
Belarus (Беларусь, Biełaruś,; Беларусь, Belarus'), officially the Republic of Belarus (Рэспубліка Беларусь; Республика Беларусь), formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia (Белоруссия, Byelorussiya), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest.
New!!: Intermarium and Belarus · See more »
Black Sea
The Black Sea is a body of water and marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean between Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Western Asia.
New!!: Intermarium and Black Sea · See more »
Bloodlands
Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin is a book by Yale historian Timothy D. Snyder, first published by Basic Books on October 28, 2010.
New!!: Intermarium and Bloodlands · See more »
Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists or Bolsheviki (p; derived from bol'shinstvo (большинство), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority"), were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903.
New!!: Intermarium and Bolsheviks · See more »
Bug River
The Bug River (Bug or Western Bug; Західний Буг, Zakhidnyy Buh, Захо́дні Буг, Zakhodni Buh; Западный Буг, Zapadnyy Bug) is a major European river which flows through three countries with a total length of.
New!!: Intermarium and Bug River · See more »
Bulgaria
Bulgaria (България, tr.), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (Република България, tr.), is a country in southeastern Europe.
New!!: Intermarium and Bulgaria · See more »
Catherine the Great
Catherine II (Russian: Екатерина Алексеевна Yekaterina Alekseyevna; –), also known as Catherine the Great (Екатери́на Вели́кая, Yekaterina Velikaya), born Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, was Empress of Russia from 1762 until 1796, the country's longest-ruling female leader.
New!!: Intermarium and Catherine the Great · See more »
Caucasus
The Caucasus or Caucasia is a region located at the border of Europe and Asia, situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea and occupied by Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia.
New!!: Intermarium and Caucasus · See more »
Central Europe
Central Europe is the region comprising the central part of Europe.
New!!: Intermarium and Central Europe · See more »
Coat of arms of Poland
The coat of arms of Poland is a white, crowned eagle with a golden beak and talons, on a red background.
New!!: Intermarium and Coat of arms of Poland · See more »
Columbia Encyclopedia
The Columbia Encyclopedia is a one-volume encyclopedia produced by Columbia University Press and in the last edition, sold by the Gale Group.
New!!: Intermarium and Columbia Encyclopedia · See more »
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic (Česká republika), also known by its short-form name Czechia (Česko), is a landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast.
New!!: Intermarium and Czech Republic · See more »
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia, or Czecho-Slovakia (Czech and Československo, Česko-Slovensko), was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until its peaceful dissolution into the:Czech Republic and:Slovakia on 1 January 1993.
New!!: Intermarium and Czechoslovakia · See more »
Dmitry Merezhkovsky
Dmitry Sergeyevich Merezhkovsky (p; – December 9, 1941) was a Russian novelist, poet, religious thinker, and literary critic.
New!!: Intermarium and Dmitry Merezhkovsky · See more »
Douglas Reed
Douglas Launcelot Reed (11 March 1895 – 26 August 1976) was a British journalist, playwright, novelist and author of a number of books of political analysis.
New!!: Intermarium and Douglas Reed · See more »
Dzerkalo Tyzhnia
Dzerkalo Tyzhnia (Дзеркало тижня; Зеркало недели, Zerkalo Nedeli), usually referred to in English as the Mirror Weekly, is one of Ukraine’s most influential analytical newspapers published weekly in Kiev, the nation's capital.
New!!: Intermarium and Dzerkalo Tyzhnia · See more »
East Prussia
East Prussia (Ostpreußen,; Prusy Wschodnie; Rytų Prūsija; Borussia orientalis; Восточная Пруссия) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1773 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871); following World War I it formed part of the Weimar Republic's Free State of Prussia, until 1945.
New!!: Intermarium and East Prussia · See more »
Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is the eastern part of the European continent.
New!!: Intermarium and Eastern Europe · See more »
Emperor
An emperor (through Old French empereor from Latin imperator) is a monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm.
New!!: Intermarium and Emperor · See more »
Encyclopædia Britannica
The Encyclopædia Britannica (Latin for "British Encyclopaedia"), published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
New!!: Intermarium and Encyclopædia Britannica · See more »
English language
English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.
New!!: Intermarium and English language · See more »
Estonia
Estonia (Eesti), officially the Republic of Estonia (Eesti Vabariik), is a sovereign state in Northern Europe.
New!!: Intermarium and Estonia · See more »
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.
New!!: Intermarium and European Union · See more »
Federation
A federation (also known as a federal state) is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central (federal) government.
New!!: Intermarium and Federation · See more »
Finland
Finland (Suomi; Finland), officially the Republic of Finland is a country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Norway to the north, Sweden to the northwest, and Russia to the east.
New!!: Intermarium and Finland · See more »
France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
New!!: Intermarium and France · See more »
Galicia (Eastern Europe)
Galicia (Ukrainian and Галичина, Halyčyna; Galicja; Czech and Halič; Galizien; Galícia/Kaliz/Gácsország/Halics; Galiția/Halici; Галиция, Galicija; גאַליציע Galitsiye) is a historical and geographic region in Central Europe once a small Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia and later a crown land of Austria-Hungary, the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, that straddled the modern-day border between Poland and Ukraine.
New!!: Intermarium and Galicia (Eastern Europe) · See more »
Gediminids
The Gediminids (Gediminaičiai, Giedyminowicze, Гедзімінавічы, Гедиміновичі, Гедиминовичи) were a dynasty of monarchs in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania that reigned from the 14th to the 16th century.
New!!: Intermarium and Gediminids · See more »
Geopolitics
Geopolitics (from Greek γῆ gê "earth, land" and πολιτική politikḗ "politics") is the study of the effects of geography (human and physical) on politics and international relations.
New!!: Intermarium and Geopolitics · See more »
George Sanford (political scientist)
George Sanford is a former professor of politics at the University of Bristol, England.
New!!: Intermarium and George Sanford (political scientist) · See more »
Giedroyc Doctrine
The Giedroyc doctrine (doktryna Giedroycia) or Giedroyc–Mieroszewski doctrine was a political doctrine that urged reconciliation among East-Central and East European countries.
New!!: Intermarium and Giedroyc Doctrine · See more »
Google Books
Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search and Google Print and by its codename Project Ocean) is a service from Google Inc. that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition (OCR), and stored in its digital database.
New!!: Intermarium and Google Books · See more »
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state that lasted from the 13th century up to 1795, when the territory was partitioned among the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and Austria.
New!!: Intermarium and Grand Duchy of Lithuania · See more »
Greece
No description.
New!!: Intermarium and Greece · See more »
Greek–Yugoslav confederation
The Greek-Yugoslav confederation or federation, or Balkan Union, was a political concept during World War II, sponsored by the United Kingdom and involving the Yugoslav government-in-exile and the Greek government-in-exile.
New!!: Intermarium and Greek–Yugoslav confederation · See more »
Gwiazda Polarna
Gwiazda Polarna (Polish for "Pole Star") is "America's oldest independent Polish-language newspaper." It has been published since 1908 in Stevens Point, Wisconsin.
New!!: Intermarium and Gwiazda Polarna · See more »
Hôtel Lambert
The Hôtel Lambert is a hôtel particulier, a grand mansion townhouse, on the Quai Anjou on the eastern tip of the Île Saint-Louis, in 4th arrondissement of Paris.
New!!: Intermarium and Hôtel Lambert · See more »
Hellenoturkism
Hellenoturkism is a political concept that encompasses two things: a) a fact of civilization i.e. the co-habitation and interdependence, since the 11th century A.D., of the Greek and Turkish peoples and cultures, and b) a political ideology based on the above civilizational phenomenon, which aims at establishing a Greek-Turkish political ensemble.
New!!: Intermarium and Hellenoturkism · See more »
Hungary
Hungary (Magyarország) is a country in Central Europe that covers an area of in the Carpathian Basin, bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Austria to the northwest, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest, and Slovenia to the west.
New!!: Intermarium and Hungary · See more »
Imperialism
Imperialism is a policy that involves a nation extending its power by the acquisition of lands by purchase, diplomacy or military force.
New!!: Intermarium and Imperialism · See more »
Intermediate Region
The Intermediate Region is an established geopolitical model set forth in the 1970s by the Greek historian Dimitri Kitsikis, professor at the University of Ottawa in Canada.
New!!: Intermarium and Intermediate Region · See more »
Internetowa encyklopedia PWN
Internetowa encyklopedia PWN (Polish for Internet PWN Encyclopedia) is a free online Polish-language encyclopedia published by Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
New!!: Intermarium and Internetowa encyklopedia PWN · See more »
Interwar period
In the context of the history of the 20th century, the interwar period was the period between the end of the First World War in November 1918 and the beginning of the Second World War in September 1939.
New!!: Intermarium and Interwar period · See more »
Italy
Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.
New!!: Intermarium and Italy · See more »
Jadwiga of Poland
Jadwiga, also known as Hedwig (Hedvig; 1373/4 – 17 July 1399), was the first female monarch of the Kingdom of Poland, reigning from 16 October 1384 until her death.
New!!: Intermarium and Jadwiga of Poland · See more »
Jagiellonian dynasty
The Jagiellonian dynasty was a royal dynasty, founded by Jogaila (the Grand Duke of Lithuania, who in 1386 was baptized as Władysław, married Queen regnant (also styled "King") Jadwiga of Poland, and was crowned King of Poland as Władysław II Jagiełło. The dynasty reigned in several Central European countries between the 14th and 16th centuries. Members of the dynasty were Kings of Poland (1386–1572), Grand Dukes of Lithuania (1377–1392 and 1440–1572), Kings of Hungary (1440–1444 and 1490–1526), and Kings of Bohemia (1471–1526). The personal union between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (converted in 1569 with the Treaty of Lublin into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) is the reason for the common appellation "Poland–Lithuania" in discussions about the area from the Late Middle Ages onward. One Jagiellonian briefly ruled both Poland and Hungary (1440–44), and two others ruled both Bohemia and Hungary (1490–1526) and then continued in the distaff line as a branch of the House of Habsburg. The Polish "Golden Age", the period of the reigns of Sigismund I and Sigismund II, the last two Jagiellonian kings, or more generally the 16th century, is most often identified with the rise of the culture of Polish Renaissance. The cultural flowering had its material base in the prosperity of the elites, both the landed nobility and urban patriciate at such centers as Kraków and Gdańsk.
New!!: Intermarium and Jagiellonian dynasty · See more »
January Uprising
The January Uprising (Polish: powstanie styczniowe, Lithuanian: 1863 m. sukilimas, Belarusian: Паўстанне 1863-1864 гадоў, Польське повстання) was an insurrection instigated principally in the Russian Partition of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth against its occupation by the Russian Empire.
New!!: Intermarium and January Uprising · See more »
Janusz Cisek
Janusz Waldemar Cisek (born 1955 in Stalowa Wola) is a Polish historian, academic lecturer, former executive director of the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America in New York City and of the Polish Army Museum in Warsaw, and former Polish under-secretary of state at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
New!!: Intermarium and Janusz Cisek · See more »
Józef Beck
Józef Beck (4 October 1894 – 5 June 1944) was a Polish statesman who served the Second Republic of Poland as a diplomat and military officer, and was a close associate of Józef Piłsudski.
New!!: Intermarium and Józef Beck · See more »
Józef Piłsudski
Józef Klemens Piłsudski (5 December 1867 – 12 May 1935) was a Polish statesman; he was Chief of State (1918–22), "First Marshal of Poland" (from 1920), and de facto leader (1926–35) of the Second Polish Republic as the Minister of Military Affairs.
New!!: Intermarium and Józef Piłsudski · See more »
Kiev
Kiev or Kyiv (Kyiv; Kiyev; Kyjev) is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper.
New!!: Intermarium and Kiev · See more »
Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)
The Kingdom of Poland (Polish: Królestwo Polskie; Latin: Regnum Poloniae) and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania joined in a personal union established by the Union of Krewo (1385).
New!!: Intermarium and Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569) · See more »
Kościuszko Uprising
The Kościuszko Uprising was an uprising against Imperial Russia and the Kingdom of Prussia led by Tadeusz Kościuszko in the Commonwealth of Poland and the Prussian partition in 1794.
New!!: Intermarium and Kościuszko Uprising · See more »
Kresy
Kresy Wschodnie or Kresy (Eastern Borderlands, or Borderlands) was the Eastern part of the Second Polish Republic during the interwar period constituting nearly half of the territory of the state.
New!!: Intermarium and Kresy · See more »
Latin
Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
New!!: Intermarium and Latin · See more »
Latvia
Latvia (or; Latvija), officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika), is a sovereign state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe.
New!!: Intermarium and Latvia · See more »
Lithuania
Lithuania (Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Baltic region of northern-eastern Europe.
New!!: Intermarium and Lithuania · See more »
Little Entente
The Little Entente was an alliance formed in 1920 and 1921 by Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia with the purpose of common defense against Hungarian revanchism and the prevention of a Habsburg restoration.
New!!: Intermarium and Little Entente · See more »
Lviv
Lviv (Львів; Львов; Lwów; Lemberg; Leopolis; see also other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine and the seventh-largest city in the country overall, with a population of around 728,350 as of 2016.
New!!: Intermarium and Lviv · See more »
Marek Jan Chodakiewicz
Marek Jan Chodakiewicz (born 1962 in Warsaw, Poland) is a Polish-American historian specializing in East Central European history of the 19th and 20th century.
New!!: Intermarium and Marek Jan Chodakiewicz · See more »
Margaret MacMillan
Margaret Olwen MacMillan, (born 23 December 1943) is a Canadian historian and professor at the University of Oxford.
New!!: Intermarium and Margaret MacMillan · See more »
Marian Kamil Dziewanowski
Marian Kamil Dziewanowski (May 1913, Zhytomyr – 18 February 2005, Milwaukee, Wisconsin) was a historian of Poland, Russia and modern Europe.
New!!: Intermarium and Marian Kamil Dziewanowski · See more »
May Coup (Poland)
The May Coup d'État (Przewrót majowy or zamach majowy) was a coup d'état carried out in Poland by Marshal Józef Piłsudski between 12 and 14 May 1926.
New!!: Intermarium and May Coup (Poland) · See more »
Michael (archangel)
Michael (translit; translit; Michahel;ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ, translit) is an archangel in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
New!!: Intermarium and Michael (archangel) · See more »
Military alliance
A military alliance is an international agreement concerning national security, when the contracting parties agree to mutual protection and support in case of a crisis that has not been identified in advance.
New!!: Intermarium and Military alliance · See more »
Minsk
Minsk (Мінск,; Минск) is the capital and largest city of Belarus, situated on the Svislach and the Nyamiha Rivers.
New!!: Intermarium and Minsk · See more »
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European powers formed into various coalitions, financed and usually led by the United Kingdom.
New!!: Intermarium and Napoleonic Wars · See more »
Nation state
A nation state (or nation-state), in the most specific sense, is a country where a distinct cultural or ethnic group (a "nation" or "people") inhabits a territory and have formed a state (often a sovereign state) that they predominantly govern.
New!!: Intermarium and Nation state · See more »
National Democracy
National Democracy (Narodowa Demokracja, also known from its abbreviation ND as "Endecja") was a Polish political movement active from the second half of the 19th century under the foreign partitions of the country until the end of the Second Polish Republic.
New!!: Intermarium and National Democracy · See more »
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord; OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 29 North American and European countries.
New!!: Intermarium and NATO · See more »
NATO Response Force
The NATO Response Force (NRF) is a high readiness force comprising land, air, sea and special forces units capable of being deployed quickly on operations wherever needed.
New!!: Intermarium and NATO Response Force · See more »
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).
New!!: Intermarium and Nazi Germany · See more »
Norman Davies
Ivor Norman Richard Davies (born 8 June 1939) is a British-Polish historian noted for his publications on the history of Europe, Poland and the United Kingdom.
New!!: Intermarium and Norman Davies · See more »
November Uprising
The November Uprising (1830–31), also known as the Polish–Russian War 1830–31 or the Cadet Revolution, was an armed rebellion in the heartland of partitioned Poland against the Russian Empire.
New!!: Intermarium and November Uprising · See more »
Pahonia
The Pahonia (Паго́ня, transliteration: Pahonia,; Pogoń, Vytis, literally: "Pursuer") is the historical coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, variation of which is being used as a current coat of arms of Lithuania.
New!!: Intermarium and Pahonia · See more »
Pan-Slavism
Pan-Slavism, a movement which crystallized in the mid-19th century, is the political ideology concerned with the advancement of integrity and unity for the Slavic-speaking peoples.
New!!: Intermarium and Pan-Slavism · See more »
Paris
Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.
New!!: Intermarium and Paris · See more »
Partitions of Poland
The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 123 years.
New!!: Intermarium and Partitions of Poland · See more »
Paul I of Russia
Paul I (Па́вел I Петро́вич; Pavel Petrovich) (–) reigned as Emperor of Russia between 1796 and 1801.
New!!: Intermarium and Paul I of Russia · See more »
Piotr Łossowski
Piotr Łossowski (born 1925) is a Polish historian and professor.
New!!: Intermarium and Piotr Łossowski · See more »
Poland
Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.
New!!: Intermarium and Poland · See more »
Polish government-in-exile
The Polish government-in-exile, formally known as the Government of the Republic of Poland in exile (Rząd Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na uchodźstwie), was the government in exile of Poland formed in the aftermath of the Invasion of Poland of September 1939, and the subsequent occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, which brought to an end the Second Polish Republic.
New!!: Intermarium and Polish government-in-exile · See more »
Polish Underground State
The Polish Underground State (Polskie Państwo Podziemne, also known as the Polish Secret State) is a collective term for the underground resistance organizations in Poland during World War II, both military and civilian, that were loyal to the Government of the Republic of Poland in exile in London.
New!!: Intermarium and Polish Underground State · See more »
Polish–Czechoslovak border conflicts
Border conflicts between Poland and Czechoslovakia began in 1918 between the Second Polish Republic and First Czechoslovak Republic, both freshly created states.
New!!: Intermarium and Polish–Czechoslovak border conflicts · See more »
Polish–Czechoslovak confederation
The Polish-Czechoslovak confederation, or federation, was a political concept from the time of World War II, supported by the Polish government-in-exile and, to a lesser extent, the United Kingdom and the United States.
New!!: Intermarium and Polish–Czechoslovak confederation · See more »
Polish–Georgian alliance
The Polish–Georgian alliance was a short-lived alliance (1920–1921) between the Second Polish Republic and the Democratic Republic of Georgia.
New!!: Intermarium and Polish–Georgian alliance · See more »
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, after 1791 the Commonwealth of Poland, was a dualistic state, a bi-confederation of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch, who was both the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania.
New!!: Intermarium and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth · See more »
Polish–Lithuanian union
The term Polish–Lithuanian Union refers to a series of acts and alliances between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania that lasted for prolonged periods of time and led to the creation of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth—the "Republic of the Two Nations"—in 1569 and eventually to the creation of a short-lived unitary state in 1791.
New!!: Intermarium and Polish–Lithuanian union · See more »
Polish–Lithuanian War
The Polish–Lithuanian War was an armed conflict between newly independent Lithuania and Poland in the aftermath of World War I. The conflict primarily concerned territorial control of the Vilnius Region, including Vilnius, and the Suwałki Region, including the towns of Suwałki, Augustów, and Sejny.
New!!: Intermarium and Polish–Lithuanian War · See more »
Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite Commonwealth was a proposed state that would have been based on a personal union between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Tsardom of Russia.
New!!: Intermarium and Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite Commonwealth · See more »
Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth (Rzeczpospolita Trojga Narodów, Commonwealth of Three Nations) was a proposed (but never actually formed) European state in the 17th century that would have replaced the existing Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
New!!: Intermarium and Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth · See more »
Polish–Romanian Alliance
The Polish–Romanian Alliance was a series of treaties signed in the interwar period by the Second Polish Republic and the Kingdom of Romania.
New!!: Intermarium and Polish–Romanian Alliance · See more »
Polish–Soviet War
The Polish–Soviet War (February 1919 – March 1921) was fought by the Second Polish Republic, Ukrainian People's Republic and the proto-Soviet Union (Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine) for control of an area equivalent to today's western Ukraine and parts of modern Belarus.
New!!: Intermarium and Polish–Soviet War · See more »
Polish–Ukrainian War
The Polish–Ukrainian War of 1918 and 1919 was a conflict between the Second Polish Republic and Ukrainian forces (both West Ukrainian People's Republic and Ukrainian People's Republic).
New!!: Intermarium and Polish–Ukrainian War · See more »
Polonization
Polonization (or Polonisation; polonizacja)In Polish historiography, particularly pre-WWII (e.g., L. Wasilewski. As noted in Смалянчук А. Ф. (Smalyanchuk 2001) Паміж краёвасцю і нацыянальнай ідэяй. Польскі рух на беларускіх і літоўскіх землях. 1864–1917 г. / Пад рэд. С. Куль-Сяльверставай. – Гродна: ГрДУ, 2001. – 322 с. (2004). Pp.24, 28.), an additional distinction between the Polonization (polonizacja) and self-Polonization (polszczenie się) has been being made, however, most modern Polish researchers don't use the term polszczenie się.
New!!: Intermarium and Polonization · See more »
President of Poland
The President of the Republic of Poland (Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, shorter form: Prezydent RP) is the head of state of Poland.
New!!: Intermarium and President of Poland · See more »
Prometheism
Prometheism or Prometheanism (Polish: Prometeizm) was a political project initiated by Poland's Józef Piłsudski.
New!!: Intermarium and Prometheism · See more »
Revolutions of 1848
The Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Spring of Nations, People's Spring, Springtime of the Peoples, or the Year of Revolution, were a series of political upheavals throughout Europe in 1848.
New!!: Intermarium and Revolutions of 1848 · See more »
Roman Dmowski
Roman Stanisław Dmowski (9 August 1864 – 2 January 1939) was a Polish politician, statesman, and co-founder and chief ideologue of the right-wing National Democracy ("ND": in Polish, "Endecja") political movement.
New!!: Intermarium and Roman Dmowski · See more »
Romania
Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.
New!!: Intermarium and Romania · See more »
Russia
Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
New!!: Intermarium and Russia · See more »
Russian Civil War
The Russian Civil War (Grazhdanskaya voyna v Rossiyi; November 1917 – October 1922) was a multi-party war in the former Russian Empire immediately after the Russian Revolutions of 1917, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future.
New!!: Intermarium and Russian Civil War · See more »
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.
New!!: Intermarium and Russian Empire · See more »
Ruthenia
Ruthenia (Рѹ́сь (Rus) and Рѹ́сьскаѧ землѧ (Rus'kaya zemlya), Ῥωσία, Rus(s)ia, Ruscia, Ruzzia, Rut(h)enia, Roxolania, Garðaríki) is a proper geographical exonym for Kievan Rus' and other, more local, historical states.
New!!: Intermarium and Ruthenia · See more »
Scandinavia
Scandinavia is a region in Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural and linguistic ties.
New!!: Intermarium and Scandinavia · See more »
Slovakia
Slovakia (Slovensko), officially the Slovak Republic (Slovenská republika), is a landlocked country in Central Europe.
New!!: Intermarium and Slovakia · See more »
Slovenia
Slovenia (Slovenija), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene:, abbr.: RS), is a country in southern Central Europe, located at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes.
New!!: Intermarium and Slovenia · See more »
South Slavs
The South Slavs are a subgroup of Slavic peoples who speak the South Slavic languages.
New!!: Intermarium and South Slavs · See more »
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
New!!: Intermarium and Soviet Union · See more »
Sphere of influence
In the field of international relations, a sphere of influence (SOI) is a spatial region or concept division over which a state or organization has a level of cultural, economic, military, or political exclusivity, accommodating to the interests of powers outside the borders of the state that controls it.
New!!: Intermarium and Sphere of influence · See more »
Teutonic Order
The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem (official names: Ordo domus Sanctæ Mariæ Theutonicorum Hierosolymitanorum, Orden der Brüder vom Deutschen Haus der Heiligen Maria in Jerusalem), commonly the Teutonic Order (Deutscher Orden, Deutschherrenorden or Deutschritterorden), is a Catholic religious order founded as a military order c. 1190 in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem.
New!!: Intermarium and Teutonic Order · See more »
Three Seas Initiative
The Three Seas Initiative, also known as the Baltic, Adriatic, Black Sea (BABS) Initiative, is a forum of European Union countries in Central and Eastern Europe.
New!!: Intermarium and Three Seas Initiative · See more »
Timothy D. Snyder
Timothy David Snyder (born 1969) is an American author and historian specializing in the history of Central and Eastern Europe, and the Holocaust.
New!!: Intermarium and Timothy D. Snyder · See more »
Treaty of Warsaw (1920)
The Treaty of Warsaw (also the Polish-Ukrainian or Petliura-Piłsudski Alliance or Agreement) of April 1920 was a military-economical alliance between the Second Polish Republic, represented by Józef Piłsudski, and the Ukrainian People's Republic, represented by Symon Petliura, against Bolshevik Russia.
New!!: Intermarium and Treaty of Warsaw (1920) · See more »
Triple Entente
The Triple Entente (from French entente "friendship, understanding, agreement") refers to the understanding linking the Russian Empire, the French Third Republic, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente on 31 August 1907.
New!!: Intermarium and Triple Entente · See more »
Ukraine
Ukraine (Ukrayina), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast; Belarus to the northwest; Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively.
New!!: Intermarium and Ukraine · See more »
Unitary state
A unitary state is a state governed as a single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions (sub-national units) exercise only the powers that the central government chooses to delegate.
New!!: Intermarium and Unitary state · See more »
University of Gdańsk
The University of Gdańsk (Uniwersytet Gdański) is a public research university located in Gdańsk, Poland.
New!!: Intermarium and University of Gdańsk · See more »
Viktor Yushchenko
Viktor Andriyovych Yushchenko (Віктор Андрійович Ющенко,; born February 23, 1954) is a Ukrainian politician who was the third President of Ukraine from January 23, 2005 to February 25, 2010.
New!!: Intermarium and Viktor Yushchenko · See more »
Visegrád Group
The Visegrád Group, Visegrád Four, or V4 is a cultural and political alliance of four Central European statesthe Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia, that are members of the European Union (EU)for the purposes of advancing military, cultural, economic and energy cooperation with one another along with furthering their integration in the EU.
New!!: Intermarium and Visegrád Group · See more »
Volhynia
Volhynia, also Volynia or Volyn (Wołyń, Volýn) is a historic region in Central and Eastern Europe straddling between south-eastern Poland, parts of south-western Belarus, and western Ukraine.
New!!: Intermarium and Volhynia · See more »
Warsaw Pact
The Warsaw Pact, formally known as the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, was a collective defence treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland among the Soviet Union and seven Soviet satellite states of Central and Eastern Europe during the Cold War.
New!!: Intermarium and Warsaw Pact · See more »
Władysław II Jagiełło
Jogaila (later Władysław II JagiełłoHe is known under a number of names: Jogaila Algirdaitis; Władysław II Jagiełło; Jahajła (Ягайла). See also: Names and titles of Władysław II Jagiełło. (c. 1352/1362 – 1 June 1434) was the Grand Duke of Lithuania (1377–1434) and then the King of Poland (1386–1434), first alongside his wife Jadwiga until 1399, and then sole King of Poland. He ruled in Lithuania from 1377. Born a pagan, in 1386 he converted to Catholicism and was baptized as Władysław in Kraków, married the young Queen Jadwiga, and was crowned King of Poland as Władysław II Jagiełło. In 1387 he converted Lithuania to Christianity. His own reign in Poland started in 1399, upon the death of Queen Jadwiga, and lasted a further thirty-five years and laid the foundation for the centuries-long Polish–Lithuanian union. He was a member of the Jagiellonian dynasty in Poland that bears his name and was previously also known as the Gediminid dynasty in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The dynasty ruled both states until 1572,Anna Jagiellon, the last member of royal Jagiellon family, died in 1596. and became one of the most influential dynasties in late medieval and early modern Central and Eastern Europe. During his reign, the Polish-Lithuanian state was the largest state in the Christian world. Jogaila was the last pagan ruler of medieval Lithuania. After he became King of Poland, as a result of the Union of Krewo, the newly formed Polish-Lithuanian union confronted the growing power of the Teutonic Knights. The allied victory at the Battle of Grunwald in 1410, followed by the Peace of Thorn, secured the Polish and Lithuanian borders and marked the emergence of the Polish–Lithuanian alliance as a significant force in Europe. The reign of Władysław II Jagiełło extended Polish frontiers and is often considered the beginning of Poland's Golden Age.
New!!: Intermarium and Władysław II Jagiełło · See more »
Władysław Sikorski
Władysław Eugeniusz Sikorski (20 May 1881 – 4 July 1943) was a Polish military and political leader.
New!!: Intermarium and Władysław Sikorski · See more »
West Ukrainian People's Republic
The West Ukrainian People's Republic (Західноукраїнська Народна Республіка., Zakhidnoukrayins’ka Narodna Respublika, ZUNR) was a short-lived republic that existed in late 1918 and early 1919 in eastern Galicia.
New!!: Intermarium and West Ukrainian People's Republic · See more »
White movement
The White movement (p) and its military arm the White Army (Бѣлая Армія/Белая Армия, Belaya Armiya), also known as the White Guard (Бѣлая Гвардія/Белая Гвардия, Belaya Gvardiya), the White Guardsmen (Белогвардейцы, Belogvardeytsi) or simply the Whites (Белые, Beliye), was a loose confederation of Anti-Communist forces that fought the Bolsheviks, also known as the Reds, in the Russian Civil War (1917–1922/3) and, to a lesser extent, continued operating as militarized associations both outside and within Russian borders until roughly the Second World War.
New!!: Intermarium and White movement · See more »
Winter War
The Winter War was a military conflict between the Soviet Union (USSR) and Finland.
New!!: Intermarium and Winter War · See more »
World War I
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
New!!: Intermarium and World War I · See more »
World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
New!!: Intermarium and World War II · See more »
Yohanan Cohen
Yohanan Cohen (יוחנן כהן, 31 December 1917– May 20, 2013) was an Israeli politician and diplomat.
New!!: Intermarium and Yohanan Cohen · See more »
Young Poland
Young Poland (Młoda Polska) was a modernist period in Polish visual arts, literature and music, covering roughly the years between 1890 and 1918.
New!!: Intermarium and Young Poland · See more »
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija/Југославија; Jugoslavija; Југославија; Pannonian Rusyn: Югославия, transcr. Juhoslavija)Jugosllavia; Jugoszlávia; Juhoslávia; Iugoslavia; Jugoslávie; Iugoslavia; Yugoslavya; Югославия, transcr. Jugoslavija.
New!!: Intermarium and Yugoslavia · See more »
Redirects here:
Central European Union, Intermarum, Miedzymorze, Miedzymorze federation, Międzymorze, Three Seas nations, Three seas nations.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermarium
