Istanbul and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan

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Difference between Istanbul and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan

Istanbul vs. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan

Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey, straddling the Bosporus Strait, the boundary between Europe and Asia. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician who is the 12th and current president of Turkey since 2014.

Alevism

Alevism (Alevilik;; Ələvilik) is a heterodox and syncretic Islamic tradition, whose adherents follow the mystical Islamic teachings of Haji Bektash Veli, who supposedly taught the teachings of the Twelve Imams, whilst incorporating some traditions from Tengrism.

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Anadolu Agency

Anadolu Agency (Anadolu Ajansı,; abbreviated AA) is a state-run news agency headquartered in Ankara, Turkey.

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Ankara

Ankara, historically known as Ancyra and Angora, is the capital of Turkey. Located in the central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5.1 million in its urban center and 5.8 million in Ankara Province, making it Turkey's second-largest city after Istanbul, but first by the urban area (4,130 km2). Serving as the capital of the ancient Celtic state of Galatia (280–64 BC), and later of the Roman province with the same name (25 BC–7th century), Ankara has various Hattian, Hittite, Lydian, Phrygian, Galatian, Greek, Persian, Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman archeological sites. The Ottomans made the city the capital first of the Anatolia Eyalet (1393 – late 15th century) and then the Angora Eyalet (1827–1864) and the Angora Vilayet (1867–1922). The historical center of Ankara is a rocky hill rising over the left bank of the Ankara River, a tributary of the Sakarya River. The hill remains crowned by the ruins of Ankara Castle. Although few of its outworks have survived, there are well-preserved examples of Roman and Ottoman architecture throughout the city, the most remarkable being the 20 BC Temple of Augustus and Rome that boasts the Monumentum Ancyranum, the inscription recording the. On 23 April 1920, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey was established in Ankara, which became the headquarters of the Turkish National Movement during the Turkish War of Independence. Ankara became the new Turkish capital upon the establishment of the Republic on 29 October 1923, succeeding in this role as the former Turkish capital Istanbul following the fall of the Ottoman Empire. The government is a prominent employer, but Ankara is also an important commercial and industrial city located at the center of Turkey's road and railway networks. The city gave its name to the Angora wool shorn from Angora rabbits, the long-haired Angora goat (the source of mohair), and the Angora cat. The area is also known for its pears, honey and Muscat grapes. Although situated in one of the driest regions of Turkey and surrounded mostly by steppe vegetation (except for the forested areas on the southern periphery), Ankara can be considered a green city in terms of green areas per inhabitant, at per head.

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Ankara–Istanbul high-speed railway

The Ankara–Istanbul high-speed railway (Ankara–İstanbul yüksek hızlı demiryolu), is a long high-speed railway linking Ankara and Istanbul in Turkey.

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Armenian genocide

The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I.

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İmam Hatip school

In Turkey, an İmam Hatip school (imam hatip okulu, 'hatip' coming from Arabic khatib) is a secondary education institution.

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İzmir

İzmir is a metropolitan city on the west coast of Anatolia, and capital of İzmir Province.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.

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Beyoğlu

Beyoğlu (script) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey.

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Binali Yıldırım

Binali Yıldırım (born 20 December 1955) is a Turkish politician who served as the 27th and last prime minister of Turkey from 2016 to 2018 and Speaker of the Grand National Assembly from 2018 to 2019.

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Black Sea

The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia.

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Bosporus

The Bosporus or Bosphorus Strait (Istanbul strait, colloquially Boğaz) is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Istanbul, Turkey.

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Caliphate

A caliphate or khilāfah (خِلَافَةْ) is a monarchical form of government (initially elective, later absolute) that originated in the 7th century Arabia, whose political identity is based on a claim of succession to the Islamic State of Muhammad and the identification of a monarch called caliph (خَلِيفَةْ) as his heir and successor.

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Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey

The Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (CBRT) (Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası, TCMB) is the central bank of Turkey.

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Chora Church

The Chora Church or Kariye Mosque (Kariye Camii) is a former church, now converted to a mosque (for the second time), in the Edirnekapı neighborhood of Fatih district, Istanbul, Turkey.

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CNN

Cable News Network (CNN) is a multinational news channel and website operating from Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by the Manhattan-based media conglomerate Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and the first all-news television channel in the United States.

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CNN Türk

Cable News Network Türk (known as CNN Türk) is a Turkish pay television news channel, launched on 11 October 1999 as the local affiliate of American channel CNN.

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Conservatism

Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy and ideology that seeks to promote and preserve traditional institutions, customs, and values.

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Constitution of Turkey

The Constitution of Turkey, formally known as the Constitution of the Republic of Türkiye (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası), also known as the Constitution of 1982, is Turkey's fundamental law.

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Cumhuriyet

Cumhuriyet (English: "Republic") is the oldest up-market Turkish daily newspaper.

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Daily Sabah

The Daily Sabah is a Turkish pro-government daily newspaper, published in Turkey.

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Economy of Turkey

Turkey is a founding member of the OECD and G20.

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Ekrem İmamoğlu

Ekrem İmamoğlu (born 3 June 1971) is a Turkish businessman, real estate developer, and social democratic politician serving as the 32nd Mayor of Istanbul.

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Encyclopædia Britannica

The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

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Ethnic cleansing

Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial, or religious groups from a given area, with the intent of making the society ethnically homogeneous.

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Fenerbahçe S.K.

Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü (Fenerbahçe Sports Club), commonly known as Fenerbahçe or simply Fener, is a Turkish professional multi-sport club based in the Kadıköy district of Istanbul, Turkey.

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Frankfurt

Frankfurt am Main ("Frank ford on the Main") is the most populous city in the German state of Hesse.

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Gazete Duvar

Duvar is an online news portal which focuses mainly on Turkish politics.

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Gezi Park

Gezi Park is an urban park next to Taksim Square, in Istanbul's Beyoğlu district (historically known as Pera).

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Gezi Park protests

A wave of demonstrations and civil unrest in Turkey began on 28 May 2013, initially to contest the urban development plan for Istanbul's Taksim Gezi Park.

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Grand National Assembly of Turkey

The Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi), usually referred to simply as the TBMM or Parliament (Meclis or Parlamento), is the unicameral Turkish legislature.

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Hagia Sophia

Hagia Sophia ('Holy Wisdom'), officially the Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque (Ayasofya-i Kebir Cami-i Şerifi), is a mosque and former church serving as a major cultural and historical site in Istanbul, Turkey.

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Hürriyet

Hürriyet (Liberty) is a major Turkish newspaper, founded in 1948.

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Hürriyet Daily News

The Hürriyet Daily News, formerly Hürriyet Daily News and Economic Review and Turkish Daily News, is the oldest current English-language daily in Turkey, founded in 1961.

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Istanbul

Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey, straddling the Bosporus Strait, the boundary between Europe and Asia.

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Istanbul (1st electoral district)

Istanbul's first electoral district is one of three divisions of the Istanbul electoral district for the purpose of elections to Grand National Assembly of Turkey.

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Istanbul (electoral districts)

Istanbul is a Turkish province divided into three electoral districts of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey.

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June 2019 Istanbul mayoral election

The June 2019 Istanbul mayoral election was held on 23 June 2019.

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Justice and Development Party (Turkey)

The Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi,; AK PARTİ), abbreviated officially as AK Party in English, is a political party in Turkey self-describing as conservative-democratic.

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Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu

Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu (also referred to by his initials KK; born 17 December 1948) is a Turkish politician and former leader of the Republican People's Party (CHP).

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List of mayors of Istanbul

This is a list of mayors of Istanbul, Turkey.

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List of universities in Turkey

This is a list of universities in Turkey.

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Marmaray

Marmaray is a commuter rail line located in Istanbul, Turkey.

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Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.

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Mehmed II

Mehmed II (translit; II.,; 30 March 14323 May 1481), commonly known as Mehmed the Conqueror (lit; Fâtih Sultan Mehmed), was twice the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from August 1444 to September 1446 and then later from February 1451 to May 1481.

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Milliyet

Milliyet (Turkish for "nationality") is a daily newspaper published in Istanbul, Turkey.

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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, also known as Mustafa Kemal Pasha until 1921, and Ghazi Mustafa Kemal from 1921 until the Surname Law of 1934 (1881 – 10 November 1938), was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first president from 1923 until his death in 1938.

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NTV (Turkish TV channel)

NTV is a Turkish nationwide television news channel owned by Doğuş Media Group.

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Ottoman Caliphate

The caliphate of the Ottoman Empire (office of the caliphate) was the claim of the heads of the Turkish Ottoman dynasty to be the caliphs of Islam in the late medieval and early modern era.

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Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries. The empire emerged from a ''beylik'', or principality, founded in northwestern Anatolia in 1299 by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. His successors conquered much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans by the mid-14th century, transforming their petty kingdom into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II, which marked the Ottomans' emergence as a major regional power. Under Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566), the empire reached the peak of its power, prosperity, and political development. By the start of the 17th century, the Ottomans presided over 32 provinces and numerous vassal states, which over time were either absorbed into the Empire or granted various degrees of autonomy. With its capital at Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Middle East and Europe for six centuries. While the Ottoman Empire was once thought to have entered a period of decline after the death of Suleiman the Magnificent, modern academic consensus posits that the empire continued to maintain a flexible and strong economy, society and military into much of the 18th century. However, during a long period of peace from 1740 to 1768, the Ottoman military system fell behind those of its chief European rivals, the Habsburg and Russian empires. The Ottomans consequently suffered severe military defeats in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, culminating in the loss of both territory and global prestige. This prompted a comprehensive process of reform and modernization known as the; over the course of the 19th century, the Ottoman state became vastly more powerful and organized internally, despite suffering further territorial losses, especially in the Balkans, where a number of new states emerged. Beginning in the late 19th century, various Ottoman intellectuals sought to further liberalize society and politics along European lines, culminating in the Young Turk Revolution of 1908 led by the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), which established the Second Constitutional Era and introduced competitive multi-party elections under a constitutional monarchy. However, following the disastrous Balkan Wars, the CUP became increasingly radicalized and nationalistic, leading a coup d'état in 1913 that established a one-party regime. The CUP allied with the Germany Empire hoping to escape from the diplomatic isolation that had contributed to its recent territorial losses; it thus joined World War I on the side of the Central Powers. While the empire was able to largely hold its own during the conflict, it struggled with internal dissent, especially the Arab Revolt. During this period, the Ottoman government engaged in genocide against Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks. In the aftermath of World War I, the victorious Allied Powers occupied and partitioned the Ottoman Empire, which lost its southern territories to the United Kingdom and France. The successful Turkish War of Independence, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk against the occupying Allies, led to the emergence of the Republic of Turkey in the Anatolian heartland and the abolition of the Ottoman monarchy in 1922, formally ending the Ottoman Empire.

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President of Turkey

The president of Turkey, officially the president of the Republic of Türkiye (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanı), is the head of state and head of government of Turkey.

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Provinces of Turkey

Turkiye is divided into 81 provinces (il).

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Refugees of the Syrian civil war in Turkey

Refugees of the Syrian civil war in Turkey are the Syrian refugees fleeing the Syrian civil war.

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Republican People's Party

The Republican People's Party (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi,, acronymized as CHP) is a Kemalist and social democratic political party in Turkey.

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Rize Province

Rize Province (Rize ili) is a province of northeast Turkey, on the eastern Black Sea coast between Trabzon and Artvin.

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Sözcü

Sözcü (English: Spokesperson) is a popular Turkish daily newspaper.

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Suleiman the Magnificent

Suleiman I (Süleyman-ı Evvel; I.,; 6 November 14946 September 1566), commonly known as Suleiman the Magnificent in Western Europe and Suleiman the Lawgiver (Ḳānūnī Sulṭān Süleymān) in his Ottoman realm, was the longest-reigning sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 until his death in 1566.

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Supreme Election Council (Turkey)

The Supreme Election Council (Yüksek Seçim Kurulu; YSK) is the highest electoral authority in Turkey.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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Treaty of Lausanne

The Treaty of Lausanne (Traité de Lausanne, Lozan Antlaşması.) is a peace treaty negotiated during the Lausanne Conference of 1922–23 and signed in the Palais de Rumine in Lausanne, Switzerland, on 24 July 1923.

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Turkey

Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.

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Turkish lira

The lira (Türk lirası; sign: ₺; ISO 4217 code: TRY; abbreviation: TL) is the official currency of Turkey and Northern Cyprus, as well as one of the two currencies used in northern Syria under the country's interim government.

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Turkish Radio and Television Corporation

The Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT; Turkish: Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu) is the national public broadcaster of Turkey, founded in 1964.

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Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge

The Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge (Yavuz Sultan Selim Köprüsü), also known as the Third Bosphorus Bridge, is a vehicular bridge over the Bosphorus strait, to the north of Istanbuls's two older suspension bridges, the 15 July Martyrs Bridge being the First Bosphorus Bridge and Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge the Second Bosphorus Bridge.

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Zazas

The Zazas (p or Şarê Ma|Goranî|lit.

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1994 Istanbul mayoral election

The 1994 Istanbul mayoral election took place on 27 March 1994 in order to elect the Mayor of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality.

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2017 Turkish constitutional referendum

A constitutional referendum was held in Turkey on 16 April 2017 on whether to approve 18 proposed amendments to the Turkish constitution that were brought forward by the governing Justice and Development Party (AKP) and the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP).

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2019 Turkish local elections

The Turkish local elections of 2019 were held on Sunday 31 March 2019 throughout the 81 provinces of Turkey.

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2023 Turkish presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Turkey in May 2023, alongside parliamentary elections, to elect a president for a term of five years.

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