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253 relations: Adam Obrubański, Adam Vetulani, Adamkiewicz reaction, Agricultural University of Kraków, Albert Brudzewski, Albert Wojciech Adamkiewicz, Alchemy, Andrzej Duda, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski, Andrzej Gawroński, Andrzej Szczeklik, Antarctic, Antoni Kępiński, Artery of Adamkiewicz, Artur Ekert, Artur Jurand, Astrology, Astronomer, Astronomy, Austrian Empire, Austrian School, Baabar, Balthasar Behem Codex, Bartosz Paprocki, Battle of Vienna, Beata Szydło, Belarusian language, Benzodiazepine, Bodleian Library, Bohdan Lepky, Bohemia, Bronisław Malinowski, Cambridge University Library, Campus, Canon law, Carbon dioxide, Carl Menger, Casimir III the Great, Catholic Church, Catholic University of America, Central Europe, Charles University, Coimbra Group, Collegium Maius, Collegium Novum, Columbus School of Law, Commission of National Education, Council of Constance, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Cyprian Bazylik, ..., Czechs, Czesław Olech, Czeslaw Walek, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, Diplomat, Districts of Kraków, Dublin, Edmund Załęski, Education in Poland during World War II, English language, English-speaking world, Euro, Europaeum, European Association for International Education, European Union, European University Association, Excursion, Faculty of Law and Administration of the Jagiellonian University, Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Ferdinand I of Austria, Francysk Skaryna, Franz Joseph I of Austria, Free City of Cracow, Free University of Berlin, George Zarnecki, German language, Germans, Germany, Hebrew language, Heidelberg University, Heliocentrism, Henryk Jordan, Henryk Niewodniczański, Henryk Sławik, Hetmans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Hugo Kołłątaj, Hungary, Iconoclasm, Ignacy Łukasiewicz, Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Inglot Cosmetics, Institute of European Studies of the Jagiellonian University, International Research Universities Network, Invasion of Poland, Ivo Andrić, Iwo Lominski, Jadwiga of Poland, Jagiellonian Library, 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Adam Obrubański
Adam Obrubański (18 December 1892, Kopychyntsi - 1940) was a Polish soccer player and soccer official, also a graduate of Kraków’s renowned Jagiellonian University.
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Adam Vetulani
Adam Joachim Vetulani (March 20, 1901 – September 25, 1976) was a Polish historian of medieval and canon law, professor of the Jagiellonian University and a General Secretary of the Polish Academy of Learning (1957–58).
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Adamkiewicz reaction
The Adamkiewicz reaction is part of a biochemical test used to detect the presence of the amino acid tryptophan in proteins.
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Agricultural University of Kraków
The Agricultural University of Kraków (Polish: Uniwersytet Rolniczy w Krakowie), located in Kraków, Poland, became an independent university by decree of the Council of Ministers as of 28 September 1972.
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Albert Brudzewski
Albert Brudzewski, also Albert Blar (of Brudzewo), Albert of Brudzewo or Wojciech Brudzewski (in Latin, Albertus de Brudzewo; c.1445–c.1497) was a Polish astronomer, mathematician, philosopher and diplomat.
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Albert Wojciech Adamkiewicz
Albert Wojciech Adamkiewicz (11 August 1850 – 31 October 1921) was a Polish pathologist born in Żerków.
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Alchemy
Alchemy is a philosophical and protoscientific tradition practiced throughout Europe, Africa, Brazil and Asia.
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Andrzej Duda
Andrzej Sebastian Duda (born 16 May 1972) is a Polish politician as well as the sixth and current President of Poland, holding the office since 6 August 2015.
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Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski
Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski (Andreas Fricius Modrevius) (ca. September 20, 1503 – autumn, 1572) was a Polish Renaissance scholar, humanist and theologian, called "the father of Polish democracy".
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Andrzej Gawroński
Andrzej Gawroński (20 June 1885 in Geneva – 11 January 1927 in Józefów, in the vicinity of Warsaw) was a Polish Indologist, linguist and polyglot.
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Andrzej Szczeklik
Andrzej Szczeklik (July 29, 1938 – February 3, 2012) was a Polish immunologist working at the Jagiellonian University School of Medicine (Collegium Medicum) in Kraków.
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Antarctic
The Antarctic (US English, UK English or and or) is a polar region around the Earth's South Pole, opposite the Arctic region around the North Pole.
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Antoni Kępiński
Antoni Ignacy Tadeusz Kępiński (November 16, 1918 – June 8, 1972) was a Polish psychiatrist and philosopher.
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Artery of Adamkiewicz
In human anatomy, the artery of Adamkiewicz (also arteria radicularis magna) is the largest anterior segmental medullary artery.
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Artur Ekert
Artur Konrad Ekert FRS (born 19 September 1961 in Wrocław, Poland) is a British-Polish professor of quantum physics at the Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, professorial fellow in quantum physics and cryptography at Merton College, Oxford, Lee Kong Chian Centennial Professor at the National University of Singapore and director of the Centre for Quantum Technologies (CQT).
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Artur Jurand
Artur Jurand FRSE (1914–2000) was a Polish-born animal geneticist who did important work at Edinburgh University in the later 20th century.
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Astrology
Astrology is the study of the movements and relative positions of celestial objects as a means for divining information about human affairs and terrestrial events.
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Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who concentrates their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth.
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Astronomy
Astronomy (from ἀστρονομία) is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena.
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Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire (Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling Kaisertum Österreich) was a Central European multinational great power from 1804 to 1919, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs.
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Austrian School
The Austrian School is a school of economic thought that is based on methodological individualism—the concept that social phenomena result from the motivations and actions of individuals.
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Baabar
Baabar (shortened name) (birth name Bat-Erdeniin Batbayar,; born in Tsetserleg, Arkhangai in 1954) is a Mongolian retired politician, political analyst and writer.
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Balthasar Behem Codex
The Balthasar Behem Codex, also known as Codex Picturatus, is a collection of the charters, privileges and statutes of the burghers of the city of Kraków.
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Bartosz Paprocki
Bartosz Paprocki (also Bartholomeus Paprocky or Bartholomew Paprocki, Bartłomiej (Bartosz) Paprocki, Bartoloměj Paprocký z Hlahol a Paprocké Vůle; ca. 1540/43 in Paprocka Wola near Sierpc – 27 December 1614 in Lviv, Poland, today Ukraine) was a Polish and Czech writer, historiographer, translator, poet, heraldist and pioneer in Polish and Bohemian-Czech genealogy (often referred to as the "father of Polish and Bohemian-Czech genealogy").
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Battle of Vienna
The Battle of Vienna (Schlacht am Kahlen Berge or Kahlenberg; bitwa pod Wiedniem or odsiecz wiedeńska (The Relief of Vienna); Modern Turkish: İkinci Viyana Kuşatması, Ottoman Turkish: Beç Ḳalʿası Muḥāṣarası) took place at Kahlenberg Mountain near Vienna on 1683 after the imperial city had been besieged by the Ottoman Empire for two months.
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Beata Szydło
Beata Maria Szydło (née Kusińska; 15 April 1963) is a Polish politician serving as Deputy Prime Minister of Poland.
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Belarusian language
Belarusian (беларуская мова) is an official language of Belarus, along with Russian, and is spoken abroad, mainly in Ukraine and Russia.
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Benzodiazepine
Benzodiazepines (BZD, BZs), sometimes called "benzos", are a class of psychoactive drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring.
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Bodleian Library
The Bodleian Library is the main research library of the University of Oxford, and is one of the oldest libraries in Europe.
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Bohdan Lepky
Bohdan Lepky, (Богдан Лепкий, November 9, 1872, Krehulets, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austro-Hungary – July 21, 1941, Cracow, General Government, Nazi Germany) was a Ukrainian writer, poet, scholar, public figure, and artist.
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Bohemia
Bohemia (Čechy;; Czechy; Bohême; Bohemia; Boemia) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech lands in the present-day Czech Republic.
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Bronisław Malinowski
Bronisław Kasper Malinowski (7 April 1884 – 16 May 1942) was a Polish-British anthropologist, often considered one of the most important 20th-century anthropologists.
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Cambridge University Library
Cambridge University Library is the main research library of the University of Cambridge in England.
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Campus
A campus is traditionally the land on which a college or university and related institutional buildings are situated.
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Canon law
Canon law (from Greek kanon, a 'straight measuring rod, ruler') is a set of ordinances and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (Church leadership), for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members.
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Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide (chemical formula) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.
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Carl Menger
Carl Menger (February 23, 1840 – February 26, 1921) was an Austrian economist and the founder of the Austrian School of economics.
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Casimir III the Great
Casimir III the Great (Kazimierz III Wielki; 30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370) reigned as the King of Poland from 1333 to 1370.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Catholic University of America
The Catholic University of America (CUA) is a private, non-profit Catholic university located in Washington, D.C., in the United States.
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Central Europe
Central Europe is the region comprising the central part of Europe.
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Charles University
Charles University, known also as Charles University in Prague (Univerzita Karlova; Universitas Carolina; Karls-Universität) or historically as the University of Prague (Universitas Pragensis), is the oldest and largest university in the Czech Republic. Founded in 1348, it was the first university in Central Europe. It is one of the oldest universities in Europe in continuous operation and ranks in the upper 1.5 percent of the world’s best universities. Its seal shows its protector Emperor Charles IV, with his coats of arms as King of the Romans and King of Bohemia, kneeling in front of St. Wenceslas, the patron saint of Bohemia. It is surrounded by the inscription, Sigillum Universitatis Scolarium Studii Pragensis (Seal of the Prague academia).
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Coimbra Group
The Coimbra Group is an association of European universities founded in 1985.
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Collegium Maius
The Collegium Maius (Latin for "Great College") located in Kraków Old Town, Poland, is the Jagiellonian University's oldest building, dating back to the 14th century.
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Collegium Novum
The Collegium Novum (Latin: "New College") is the Neo-Gothic main building of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland, built in 1873-1887.
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Columbus School of Law
The Columbus School of Law, also known as CUA Law, is the law school of The Catholic University of America, in Washington, D.C. More than 450 Juris Doctor students attend CUA Law.
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Commission of National Education
The Commission of National Education (Komisja Edukacji Narodowej, abbreviated KEN, Edukacinė komisija, Адукацыйная камісія) was the central educational authority in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, created by the Sejm and the King Stanisław August Poniatowski on October 14, 1773.
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Council of Constance
The Council of Constance is the 15th-century ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic Church, held from 1414 to 1418 in the Bishopric of Constance.
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Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (Korona Królestwa Polskiego, Latin: Corona Regni Poloniae), commonly known as the Polish Crown or simply the Crown, is the common name for the historic (but unconsolidated) Late Middle Ages territorial possessions of the King of Poland, including Poland proper.
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Cyprian Bazylik
Cyprian Bazylik (c. 1535 in Sieradz – c. 1600) was a Polish composer, usually designated as C.B. or C.S. (Cyprian of Sieradz).
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Czechs
The Czechs (Češi,; singular masculine: Čech, singular feminine: Češka) or the Czech people (Český národ), are a West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common ancestry, culture, history and Czech language.
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Czesław Olech
Czesław Olech (22 May 1931 – 1 July 2015) was a Polish mathematician.
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Czeslaw Walek
Mgr. Czeslaw Walek (born 31 January 1975) is a Czech lawyer and LGBT activist of Polish origin.
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De revolutionibus orbium coelestium
De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) is the seminal work on the heliocentric theory of the Renaissance astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543).
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Diplomat
A diplomat is a person appointed by a state to conduct diplomacy with one or more other states or international organizations.
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Districts of Kraków
The city of Kraków is divided into 18 administrative districts, each with a degree of autonomy within the municipal government.
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Dublin
Dublin is the capital of and largest city in Ireland.
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Edmund Załęski
Edmund Załęski (18 August 1863 in Lviv (Lemberg), Austria-Hungary – December 1932 in Kraków) was a Polish chemist, agrotechnician, and plant breeder.
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Education in Poland during World War II
World War II saw the cultivation of underground education in Poland (Tajne szkolnictwo, or tajne komplety).
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English language
English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.
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English-speaking world
Approximately 330 to 360 million people speak English as their first language.
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Euro
The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the European Union.
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Europaeum
The Europaeum is an organisation of thirteen leading European universities.
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European Association for International Education
The European Association for International Education (EAIE) is the European centre for expertise, networking and resources in the internationalisation of higher education.
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European Union
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.
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European University Association
The European University Association (EUA) represents and supports more than 850 institutions of higher education in 47 countries, providing them with a forum for cooperation and exchange of information on higher education and research policies.
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Excursion
An excursion is a trip by a group of people, usually made for leisure, education, or physical purposes.
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Faculty of Law and Administration of the Jagiellonian University
Faculty of Law and Administration is the oldest unit of the Jagiellonian University.
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Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland judges to be "eminently distinguished in their subject".
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Ferdinand I of Austria
Ferdinand I (19 April 1793 – 29 June 1875) was the Emperor of Austria from 1835 until his abdication in 1848.
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Francysk Skaryna
Francysk Skaryna or Francisk Skorina (pronounced; Franciscus Scorina, 985-11-0108-7) Скарына; Franciszek Skaryna; ca.
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Franz Joseph I of Austria
Franz Joseph I also Franz Josef I or Francis Joseph I (Franz Joseph Karl; 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and monarch of other states in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, from 2 December 1848 to his death.
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Free City of Cracow
The Free, Independent, and Strictly Neutral City of CracowThe Polish variant of Kraków is occasionally retroactively applied in English to the historical Free City.
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Free University of Berlin
The Free University of Berlin (Freie Universität Berlin, often abbreviated as FU Berlin or simply FU) is a research university located in Berlin, Germany.
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George Zarnecki
George Jerzy Zarnecki, CBE, FBA, FSA (12 September 1915 – 8 September 2008) was a Polish Professor of Art history.
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German language
German (Deutsch) is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe.
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Germans
Germans (Deutsche) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe, who share a common German ancestry, culture and history.
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Germany
Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.
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Hebrew language
No description.
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Heidelberg University
Heidelberg University (Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Universitas Ruperto Carola Heidelbergensis) is a public research university in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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Heliocentrism
Heliocentrism is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System.
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Henryk Jordan
Henryk Jordan (23 July 1842, Przemyśl – 16 May 1907, Kraków), was a Polish philanthropist, physician and pioneer of physical education in Poland.
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Henryk Niewodniczański
Henryk Niewodniczański (10 December 1900, Vilnius – 20 December 1968, Kraków) was a Polish physicist, professor at the Jagiellonian University and the creator and director of the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Cracow.
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Henryk Sławik
Henryk Sławik (16 July 1894 – 23 August 1944) was a Polish politician in the interwar period, social worker, activist, and diplomat, who during World War II helped save over 30,000 Polish refugees, including 5,000 Polish Jews in Budapest, Hungary by giving them false Polish passports with Catholic designation.
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Hetmans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Hetmans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth were the highest-ranking military officers, second only to the King, in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Hugo Kołłątaj
Hugo Stumberg Kołłątaj, alt.
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Hungary
Hungary (Magyarország) is a country in Central Europe that covers an area of in the Carpathian Basin, bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Austria to the northwest, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest, and Slovenia to the west.
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Iconoclasm
IconoclasmLiterally, "image-breaking", from κλάω.
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Ignacy Łukasiewicz
Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz (8 March 1822 – 7 January 1882) was a Polish pharmacist, engineer, businessman, inventor, and philanthropist.
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Ignacy Jan Paderewski
Ignacy Jan Paderewski (– 29 June 1941) was a Polish pianist and composer, politician, statesman and spokesman for Polish independence.
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Inglot Cosmetics
INGLOT Cosmetics is a Polish cosmetics company headquartered in Przemyśl, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland, specializing in the manufacturing of make-up products.
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Institute of European Studies of the Jagiellonian University
The Institute of European Studies is a unit of the Jagiellonian University, having its roots in the Inter-Faculty Department for European Studies which was founded in 1993.
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International Research Universities Network
The International Research Universities Network (IRUN), initiated in 2006 by in the Netherlands, was officially founded during a meeting in September 2007 in Nijmegen.
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Invasion of Poland
The Invasion of Poland, known in Poland as the September Campaign (Kampania wrześniowa) or the 1939 Defensive War (Wojna obronna 1939 roku), and in Germany as the Poland Campaign (Polenfeldzug) or Fall Weiss ("Case White"), was a joint invasion of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, the Free City of Danzig, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the beginning of World War II.
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Ivo Andrić
Ivo Andrić (Иво Андрић,; born Ivan Andrić; 9 October 1892 – 13 March 1975) was a Yugoslav novelist, poet and short story writer who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1961.
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Iwo Lominski
Professor Iwo Robert Waclaw Lominski FRSE (1905-1968) was a Polish-born microbiologist working in Britain in the 20th century.
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Jadwiga of Poland
Jadwiga, also known as Hedwig (Hedvig; 1373/4 – 17 July 1399), was the first female monarch of the Kingdom of Poland, reigning from 16 October 1384 until her death.
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Jagiellonian Library
Jagiellonian Library (Biblioteka Jagiellońska, popular nickname Jagiellonka) is the library of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków and with almost 6.7 million volumes, one of the biggest libraries in Poland, serving as a public library, university library and part of the Polish national library system.
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Jagiellonian University Medical College
Jagiellonian University Medical College is the oldest medical school in Poland.
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Jan Brożek
Jan Brożek (Ioannes Broscius, Joannes Broscius or Johannes Broscius; 1 November 1585 – 21 November 1652) was a Polish polymath: a mathematician, astronomer, physician, poet, writer, musician and rector of the Kraków Academy.
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Jan Długosz
Jan Długosz (1 December 1415 – 19 May 1480), also known as Ioannes, Joannes, or Johannes Longinus or Dlugossius, was a Polish priest, chronicler, diplomat, soldier, and secretary to Bishop Zbigniew Oleśnicki of Kraków.
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Jan Kochanowski
Jan Kochanowski (1530 – 22 August 1584) was a Polish Renaissance poet who established poetic patterns that would become integral to the Polish literary language.
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Jan Woleński
Jan Hertrich-Woleński (also known as Jan Woleński; born 21 September 1940) is a Polish philosopher specializing in the history of the Lwów–Warsaw school of logic and in analytic philosophy.
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Jan Zawidzki
Jan Wiktor Tomasz Zawidzki (December 20, 1866 in Włóki, Masovian Voivodeship – September 14, 1928 in Warsaw) was a Polish physical chemist and historian of chemistry.
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Józef Cyrankiewicz
Józef Cyrankiewicz (April 23, 1911 – January 20, 1989) was a Polish Socialist (PPS) and after 1948 Communist politician.
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Jewellery
Jewellery (British English) or jewelry (American English)see American and British spelling differences consists of small decorative items worn for personal adornment, such as brooches, rings, necklaces, earrings, pendants, bracelets, and cufflinks.
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Jews
Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.
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Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
The Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz) is a public research university in Mainz, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany, named after the printer Johannes Gutenberg.
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John Cantius
Saint John Cantius (Joannis Cantii, Jan z Kęt or Jan Kanty; 23 June 1390 – 24 December 1473) was a Polish priest, scholastic philosopher, physicist and theologian.
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John III Sobieski
John III Sobieski (Jan III Sobieski; Jonas III Sobieskis; Ioannes III Sobiscius; 17 August 1629 – 17 June 1696), was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1674 until his death, and one of the most notable monarchs of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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John of Głogów
John of Głogów (Jan z Głogowa, Jan Głogowczyk; Johann von Schelling von Glogau) (c. 1445 – 11 February 1507) was a notable polyhistor at the turn of the Middle Ages and Renaissance—a philosopher, geographer and astronomer at the University of Krakow.
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Jordan Park
Jordan Park, also known as Jordan's Garden or Park Jordana, was established in 1889 as the first public playground in Kraków, Poland, and the first of its kind in Europe.
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Kaiser
Kaiser is the German word for "emperor".
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Karol Estreicher (junior)
Karol Estreicher (4 March 1906 in Kraków – 29 April 1984 in Kraków) was a Polish historian of art, writer and bibliographer, recipient of the Order of Polonia Restituta, son of Stanisław Estreicher.
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Karol Estreicher (senior)
Karol Józef Teofil Estreicher (22 November 1827 in Kraków – 30 September 1908 in Kraków) was a Polish bibliographer and librarian who was a founder of the Polish Academy of Learning.
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Karol Olszewski
Karol Stanisław Olszewski (29 January 1846 – 24 March 1915) was a Polish chemist, mathematician and physicist.
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Katyn massacre
The Katyn massacre (zbrodnia katyńska, "Katyń massacre" or "Katyn crime"; Катынская резня or Катынский расстрел Katynskij reznya, "Katyn massacre") was a series of mass executions of Polish intelligentsia carried out by the NKVD ("People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs", the Soviet secret police) in April and May 1940.
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Kazimierz Papée
Dr.
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Kerosene
Kerosene, also known as paraffin, lamp oil, and coal oil (an obsolete term), is a combustible hydrocarbon liquid which is derived from petroleum.
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Kingdom of Poland
"Kingdom of Poland" (Polish: Królestwo Polskie, Latin: Regnum Poloniae) was the name of Poland under a series of former monarchial governments, from c.1000/1025 CE to 1795.
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Kraków
Kraków, also spelled Cracow or Krakow, is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.
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Kraków Ghetto
The Kraków Ghetto was one of 5 major, metropolitan Jewish Ghettos created by Nazi Germany in the new General Government territory during the German occupation of Poland in World War II.
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Kraków uprising
The Kraków Uprising of February 1846 was an attempt, led by Polish insurgents such as Jan Tyssowski and Edward Dembowski, to incite a fight for national independence.
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Krzysztof Kościelniak
Krzysztof Kościelniak (born August 7, 1965 in Rabka, Poland) – a Catholic priest, full Professor of History (History of the Orient, Asian Studies, Islamic Studies, History of Religion, History of the Oriental Churches).
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Krzysztof Penderecki
Krzysztof Eugeniusz Penderecki (born 23 November 1933) is a Polish composer and conductor.
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Krzysztof Zanussi
Krzysztof Zanussi, (born 17 June 1939) is a Polish film and theatre director, producer and screenwriter.
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Latin
Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
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Laurentius Corvinus
Laurentius Corvinus (Laurentius Rabe; Wawrzyniec Korwin; 1465–1527) was a Silesian scholar who lectured as an "extraordinary" (i.e. untenured) professor at the University of Krakow when Nicolaus Copernicus began to study there.
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Legal deposit
Legal deposit is a legal requirement that a person or group submit copies of their publications to a repository, usually a library.
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Leo Sternbach
Leo Sternbach (May 7, 1908 – September 28, 2005) was a Polish-Jewish chemist who is credited with discovering benzodiazepines, the main class of tranquilizers.
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Leopold Infeld
Leopold Infeld (20 August 1898 – 15 January 1968) was a Polish physicist who worked mainly in Poland and Canada (1938–1950).
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LGBT social movements
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) social movements are social movements that advocate for LGBT+ people in society.
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Liberal arts education
Liberal arts education (from Latin "free" and "art or principled practice") can claim to be the oldest programme of higher education in Western history.
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List of bishops of Warmia
This is a list of Bishops and Prince-Bishops of the Diocese of Warmia (Diecezja warmińska, Dioecesis Varmiensis, Bistum Ermland), which was elevated to the Archdiocese of Warmia in 1992.
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List of medieval universities
The list of medieval universities comprises universities (more precisely, studium generale) which existed in Europe during the Middle Ages.
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List of Nobel laureates
The Nobel Prizes (Nobelpriset, Nobelprisen) are prizes awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institutet, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals and organizations who make outstanding contributions in the fields of chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.
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List of oldest universities in continuous operation
This article contains a list of the oldest existing universities in continuous operation in the world.
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List of Polish monarchs
Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes (the 10th–14th century) or by kings (the 11th-18th century).
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List of universities and colleges in Kraków
Higher Education in Kraków takes place in 10 university-level institutions with about 120,000 to over 170,000 students (based on years and different data providers) and 10,000 faculty, as well as in a number of non-public colleges.
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Lithuania
Lithuania (Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Baltic region of northern-eastern Europe.
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Ludwik Rydygier
Ludwik Rydygier (German: Ludwig Anton Rydygier von Ruediger)(21 August 1850 – 25 June 1920) was a German-Polish surgeon and professor of medicine.
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Maciej Miechowita
Maciej Miechowita (also known as Maciej z Miechowa, Maciej of Miechów, Maciej Karpiga, Matthias de Miechow; 1457 – 8 September 1523) was a Polish renaissance scholar, professor of Jagiellonian University, historian, chronicler, geographer, medical doctor (royal physician of king Sigismund I the Old of Poland), alchemist, astrologer and canon in Cracow.
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Manuela Gretkowska
Manuela Gretkowska (6 October 1964) is a Polish writer, screenwriter, feminist and politician.
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Marcin Kromer
Marcin Kromer (Latin: Martinus Cromerus; 11 November 1512 – 23 March 1589) was Prince-Bishop of Warmia (Ermland), a Polish cartographer, diplomat and historian in the Kingdom of Poland and later in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Maria Olech
Maria Agata Olech (born 1941) is a Polish Antarctic researcher, best known for her work on lichenology and mycology of the Antarctic and Arctic.
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Marian Smoluchowski
Marian Smoluchowski (28 May 1872 – 5 September 1917) was a Polish physicist who worked in the Polish territories of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
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Mathematician
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in his or her work, typically to solve mathematical problems.
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Mathematics
Mathematics (from Greek μάθημα máthēma, "knowledge, study, learning") is the study of such topics as quantity, structure, space, and change.
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Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.
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Mietek Pemper
Mieczysław "Mietek" Pemper (24 March 1920 – 7 June 2011) was a Polish-born Jew and a Holocaust survivor.
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Ministry (government department)
A ministry is a governmental organisation, headed by a minister, that is meant to manage a specific sector of public administration.
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Napoleon Cybulski
Napoleon Cybulski (14 September 1854 – 26 April 1919) was a Polish physiologist and a pioneer of endocrinology and electroencephalography.
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Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European powers formed into various coalitions, financed and usually led by the United Kingdom.
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Nawojka
Nawojka (pronounced:; 14th-century – 15th-century) was a legendary medieval Polish woman known to have dressed as a boy in order to study at the University of Kraków in the 15th century.
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Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).
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Neuronus IBRO & IRUN Neuroscience Forum
Neuronus IBRO & IRUN Neuroscience Forum is an annual conference organized at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków (Poland) for young researchers from diverse subdiscplines of neuroscience.
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Nicolaus Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus (Mikołaj Kopernik; Nikolaus Kopernikus; Niklas Koppernigk; 19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance-era mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe, likely independently of Aristarchus of Samos, who had formulated such a model some eighteen centuries earlier.
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Nitrogen
Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7.
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Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prize (Swedish definite form, singular: Nobelpriset; Nobelprisen) is a set of six annual international awards bestowed in several categories by Swedish and Norwegian institutions in recognition of academic, cultural, or scientific advances.
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Nobel Prize in Literature
The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur) is a Swedish literature prize that has been awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction" (original Swedish: "den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framstående verket i en idealisk riktning").
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Norman Davies
Ivor Norman Richard Davies (born 8 June 1939) is a British-Polish historian noted for his publications on the history of Europe, Poland and the United Kingdom.
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Oskar Halecki
Oskar Halecki (26 May 1891, Vienna – 17 September 1973, White Plains, New York) was a Polish historian, social and Catholic activist.
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Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.
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Partitions of Poland
The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 123 years.
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Paulo Szot
Paulo Szot is a Brazilian operatic baritone singer and actor.
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Paweł Włodkowic
Paweł Włodkowic (Paulus Vladimiri in Latin) (ca. 1370 – 9 October 1435) was a distinguished scholar, jurist and rector of the Kraków Academy who defended Poland and native non-Christian tribes against the Teutonic Knights and their policies of conquest.
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Pharmacist
Pharmacists, also known as chemists (Commonwealth English) or druggists (North American and, archaically, Commonwealth English), are health professionals who practice in pharmacy, the field of health sciences focusing on safe and effective medication use.
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Philosopher
A philosopher is someone who practices philosophy, which involves rational inquiry into areas that are outside either theology or science.
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Piotr Sztompka
Piotr Sztompka (born 2 March 1944, in Warsaw, Poland) is a Polish sociologist known for his work on the theory of social trust.
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Poland
Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.
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Poland national football team
The Poland national football team (Reprezentacja Polski w piłce nożnej) represents Poland in association football and is controlled by the Polish Football Association, the governing body for football in Poland.
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Polish Academy of Learning
The Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences or Polish Academy of Learning (Polska Akademia Umiejętności), headquartered in Kraków, is one of two institutions in contemporary Poland having the nature of an academy of sciences.
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Polish language
Polish (język polski or simply polski) is a West Slavic language spoken primarily in Poland and is the native language of the Poles.
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Polish literature
Polish literature is the literary tradition of Poland.
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Polish Oriental Society
Polish Oriental Society a society of Polish orientalists.
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Polish People's Republic
The Polish People's Republic (Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) covers the history of contemporary Poland between 1952 and 1990 under the Soviet-backed socialist government established after the Red Army's release of its territory from German occupation in World War II.
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Polish złoty
The złoty (pronounced; sign: zł; code: PLN), which is the masculine form of the Polish adjective 'golden', is the currency of Poland.
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Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, after 1791 the Commonwealth of Poland, was a dualistic state, a bi-confederation of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch, who was both the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania.
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Political ponerology
The political ponerology is an interdisciplinary study of social issues primarily associated with Polish psychiatrist Andrzej Łobaczewski.
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Pope
The pope (papa from πάππας pappas, a child's word for "father"), also known as the supreme pontiff (from Latin pontifex maximus "greatest priest"), is the Bishop of Rome and therefore ex officio the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church.
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Pope John Paul II
Pope John Paul II (Ioannes Paulus II; Giovanni Paolo II; Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła;; 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) served as Pope and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 to 2005.
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Pope Urban V
Pope Urban V (Urbanus V; 1310 – 19 December 1370), born Guillaume de Grimoard, was Pope from 28 September 1362 to his death in 1370 and was also a member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
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Prague
Prague (Praha, Prag) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, the 14th largest city in the European Union and also the historical capital of Bohemia.
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President of Poland
The President of the Republic of Poland (Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, shorter form: Prezydent RP) is the head of state of Poland.
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Prime Minister of Poland
The President of the Council of Ministers (Polish: Prezes Rady Ministrów), colloquially referred to as the Prime Minister of Poland (Polish: Premier Polski), is the leader of the cabinet and the head of government of Poland.
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Prince-bishop
A prince-bishop is a bishop who is also the civil ruler of some secular principality and sovereignty.
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Prize of the Foundation for Polish Science
The Prize of the Foundation for Polish Science is the most prestigious scientific award in Poland given every year from 1992 by a non-governmental non-profit Polish organization, Foundation for Polish Science.
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Prostacyclin
Prostacyclin (also called prostaglandin I2 or PGI2) is a prostaglandin member of the eicosanoid family of lipid molecules.
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Public university
A public university is a university that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or subnational government, as opposed to private universities.
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Quantum cryptography
Quantum cryptography is the science of exploiting quantum mechanical properties to perform cryptographic tasks.
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Renaissance humanism
Renaissance humanism is the study of classical antiquity, at first in Italy and then spreading across Western Europe in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries.
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Renaissance in Poland
The Renaissance in Poland (Renesans, Odrodzenie; literally: the Rebirth) lasted from the late 15th to the late 16th century and is widely considered to have been the Golden Age of Polish culture.
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Righteous Among the Nations
Righteous Among the Nations (חֲסִידֵי אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם, khasidei umót ha'olám "righteous (plural) of the world's nations") is an honorific used by the State of Israel to describe non-Jews who risked their lives during the Holocaust to save Jews from extermination by the Nazis.
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Roman law
Roman law is the legal system of ancient Rome, including the legal developments spanning over a thousand years of jurisprudence, from the Twelve Tables (c. 449 BC), to the Corpus Juris Civilis (AD 529) ordered by Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I. Roman law forms the basic framework for civil law, the most widely used legal system today, and the terms are sometimes used synonymously.
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Romanesque art
Romanesque art is the art of Europe from approximately 1000 AD to the rise of the Gothic style in the 12th century, or later, depending on region.
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Royal charter
A royal charter is a formal document issued by a monarch as letters patent, granting a right or power to an individual or a body corporate.
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Russia
Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
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Ryszard Gryglewski
Ryszard Jerzy Gryglewski (born 4 August 1932 in Wilno) is a Polish pharmacologist and physician.
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Sachsenhausen concentration camp
Sachsenhausen ("Saxon's Houses") or Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg was a Nazi concentration camp in Oranienburg, Germany, used primarily for political prisoners from 1936 to the end of the Third Reich in May 1945.
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Saint Petersburg State University
Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, СПбГУ) is a Russian federal state-owned higher education institution based in Saint Petersburg.
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Samizdat
Samizdat was a form of dissident activity across the Eastern bloc in which individuals reproduced censored and underground publications by hand and passed the documents from reader to reader.
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Sanskrit
Sanskrit is the primary liturgical language of Hinduism; a philosophical language of Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism; and a former literary language and lingua franca for the educated of ancient and medieval India.
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Sarmatians
The Sarmatians (Sarmatae, Sauromatae; Greek: Σαρμάται, Σαυρομάται) were a large Iranian confederation that existed in classical antiquity, flourishing from about the 5th century BC to the 4th century AD.
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Schindlerjuden
Schindlerjuden, literally translated as "Schindler's Jews", was a group of roughly 1,200 Jews who were saved by Oskar Schindler during the Holocaust.
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Science fiction
Science fiction (often shortened to Sci-Fi or SF) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as advanced science and technology, spaceflight, time travel, and extraterrestrial life.
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Sonderaktion Krakau
Sonderaktion Krakau was the codename for a Nazi German operation against professors and academics of the Jagiellonian University and other universities in German occupied Kraków, Poland, at the beginning of World War II.
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Sorbonne
The Sorbonne is an edifice of the Latin Quarter, in Paris, France, which was the historical house of the former University of Paris.
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Spain
Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.
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Stanisław Estreicher
Stanisław Estreicher (26 November 1869 – 28 December 1939) was a Polish historian of Law and bibliographer; professor of the Jagiellonian University in 1906.
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Stanisław Kazimierczyk
Stanisław Kazimierczyk (born Louis Sołtys, 27 September 1433 – 3 May 1489) was a Polish Roman Catholic priest and a professed member from the Canons Regular of the Lateran.
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Stanisław Koniecpolski
Stanisław Koniecpolski (1591 – 11 March 1646) was a Polish military commander, regarded as one of the most talented and capable in the history of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Stanisław Kot
Stanisław Kot (22 October 1885 – 26 December 1975) was a Polish historian and politician, member of the Polish Government in Exile.
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Stanisław Kutrzeba
Stanisław Marian Kutrzeba (1876–1946) was a Polish historian and politician who was Professor of the Jagiellonian University from 1908, and then until the end of his life the Chair of Studies in Polish law.
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Stanisław Lem
Stanisław Herman Lem (12 or 13 September 1921 – 27 March 2006) was a Polish writer of science fiction, philosophy, and satire, and a trained physician.
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Stanisław of Skarbimierz
Stanisław of Skarbimierz (1360–1431; Latinised as Stanislaus de Scarbimiria) was, from 1400, rector of the University of Krakow.
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Stanisław Smreczyński
Stanisław Smreczyński (1899–1975) was the founding father of the Department of Systematic zoology and Zoogeography of the Jagiellonian University.
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Stanisław Tarnowski
Count Stanisław Tarnowski (7 November 1837 – 31 December 1917) was a Polish nobleman (szlachcic), historian, literary critic, publicist.
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Stanisław Zaremba (mathematician)
Stanisław Zaremba (3 October 1863 – 23 November 1942) was a Polish mathematician and engineer.
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Studium generale
Studium generale is the old customary name for a medieval university.
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Tadeusz Estreicher
Tadeusz Estreicher (19 December 1871 – 8 April 1952) was a Polish chemist, historian and cryogenics pioneer.
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Tadeusz Pankiewicz
Tadeusz Pankiewicz (November 21, 1908 in Sambor – November 5, 1993 buried in Kraków), was a Polish Roman Catholic pharmacist, operating in the Kraków Ghetto during the Nazi German occupation of Poland.
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Tadeusz Sulimirski
Tadeusz Sulimirski (1 April 1898 – 20 June 1983) was a Polish historian and archaeologist, who emigrated to the United Kingdom soon after the outbreak of World War II in 1939.
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Technical University of Munich
Technical University of Munich (TUM) (Technische Universität München) is a research university with campuses in Munich, Garching and Freising-Weihenstephan.
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The Holocaust
The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered approximately 6 million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945.
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Theology
Theology is the critical study of the nature of the divine.
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Three Sisters Point
Three Sisters Point is a point marked by three conspicuous boulders, forming the west side of the entrance to Sherratt Bay on the south coast of King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands.
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Tony Award
The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Broadway Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Award, recognizes excellence in live Broadway theatre.
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Totalitarianism
Benito Mussolini Totalitarianism is a political concept where the state recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to control every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible.
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Trinity College Library
The Library of Trinity College Dublin serves Trinity College and the University of Dublin.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.
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University of California, Los Angeles
The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public research university in the Westwood district of Los Angeles, United States.
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University of Cambridge
The University of Cambridge (informally Cambridge University)The corporate title of the university is The Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge.
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University of Chicago
The University of Chicago (UChicago, U of C, or Chicago) is a private, non-profit research university in Chicago, Illinois.
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University of Guelph
The University of Guelph (U of G) is a comprehensive public research university in Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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University of Melbourne
The University of Melbourne is a public research university located in Melbourne, Australia.
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University of Montpellier
The University of Montpellier (Université de Montpellier) is a French public research university in Montpellier in south-east of France.
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University of Oxford
The University of Oxford (formally The Chancellor Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford) is a collegiate research university located in Oxford, England.
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University of Tokyo
, abbreviated as or UTokyo, is a public research university located in Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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University of Vienna
The University of Vienna (Universität Wien) is a public university located in Vienna, Austria.
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University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point
The University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point (also known as UW–Stevens Point or UWSP) is a public university in Stevens Point, Wisconsin, United States.
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Urban area
An urban area is a human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of built environment.
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Utrecht Network
The Utrecht Network is a network of European universities.
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Wacław Sierpiński
Wacław Franciszek Sierpiński (14 March 1882 – 21 October 1969) was a Polish mathematician.
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Walery Jaworski
Walery Jaworski (March 20, 1849 – July 17, 1924), was one of the pioneers of gastroenterology in Poland.
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Władysław II Jagiełło
Jogaila (later Władysław II JagiełłoHe is known under a number of names: Jogaila Algirdaitis; Władysław II Jagiełło; Jahajła (Ягайла). See also: Names and titles of Władysław II Jagiełło. (c. 1352/1362 – 1 June 1434) was the Grand Duke of Lithuania (1377–1434) and then the King of Poland (1386–1434), first alongside his wife Jadwiga until 1399, and then sole King of Poland. He ruled in Lithuania from 1377. Born a pagan, in 1386 he converted to Catholicism and was baptized as Władysław in Kraków, married the young Queen Jadwiga, and was crowned King of Poland as Władysław II Jagiełło. In 1387 he converted Lithuania to Christianity. His own reign in Poland started in 1399, upon the death of Queen Jadwiga, and lasted a further thirty-five years and laid the foundation for the centuries-long Polish–Lithuanian union. He was a member of the Jagiellonian dynasty in Poland that bears his name and was previously also known as the Gediminid dynasty in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The dynasty ruled both states until 1572,Anna Jagiellon, the last member of royal Jagiellon family, died in 1596. and became one of the most influential dynasties in late medieval and early modern Central and Eastern Europe. During his reign, the Polish-Lithuanian state was the largest state in the Christian world. Jogaila was the last pagan ruler of medieval Lithuania. After he became King of Poland, as a result of the Union of Krewo, the newly formed Polish-Lithuanian union confronted the growing power of the Teutonic Knights. The allied victory at the Battle of Grunwald in 1410, followed by the Peace of Thorn, secured the Polish and Lithuanian borders and marked the emergence of the Polish–Lithuanian alliance as a significant force in Europe. The reign of Władysław II Jagiełło extended Polish frontiers and is often considered the beginning of Poland's Golden Age.
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Władysław Natanson
Władysław Natanson (1864–1937) was a Polish physicist.
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Wieliczka
Wieliczka (German: Groß Salze) is a town (2006 population: 19,128) in southern Poland in the Kraków metropolitan area, and situated (since 1999) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship; previously, it was in Kraków Voivodeship (1975–1998).
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Wincenty Pol
Wincenty Pol (20 April 1807 – 2 December 1872) was a Polish poet and geographer.
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Wisława Szymborska
Maria Wisława Anna SzymborskaVioletta Szostak gazeta.pl, 2012-02-09.
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World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
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Yaroslav Halan
Yaroslav Olexandrovych Halan (in Ukrainian: Ярослав Олександрович Галан, party nickname Comrade Yaga; July 27, 1902, Dynów – October 24, 1949, Lviv) was a Ukrainian Soviet anti-fascist writer, playwright, publicist, member of the Communist Party of Western Ukraine since 1924, killed by nationalist insurgents in 1949.
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Yoram Gross
Yoram Jerzy Gross (18 October 192621 September 2015) was a Polish-born Australian producer of children's and family entertainment.
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Zbigniew Czajkowski
Zbigniew Czajkowski (born 5 February 1921) is a fencing coach.
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Redirects here:
Academia Cracoviensis, Academy of Cracow, Academy of Krakow, Academy of Kraków, Akademia Krakowska, Cracow Academy, Cracow University, Jagellon University, Jagellonian University, Jagiellon University, Jagiellonian University Press, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Krakow University, Kraków Academy, Kraków University, University of Cracow, University of Krakow, University of Kraków, Univesity of Krakow, Univesity of Kraków, Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Uniwersytet Jagielloński.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagiellonian_University
