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Adrienne Clarkson
Adrienne Louise Clarkson (née Poy, February 10, 1939) is a Hong Kong-born Canadian journalist and stateswoman who served as Governor General of Canada, the 26th since Canadian Confederation.
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Afghanistan
Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari:, Pashto: Afġānistān, Dari: Afġānestān), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia.
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AgustaWestland
AgustaWestland (branded as Leonardo Helicopters since January 2016) was a helicopter design and manufacturing company.
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AgustaWestland AW101
The AgustaWestland AW101 is a medium-lift helicopter used in both military and civil applications.
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AgustaWestland CH-149 Cormorant
The AgustaWestland CH-149 Cormorant is the Canadian Forces designation for the AgustaWestland AW101 (formerly EH101), a helicopter used for air-sea rescue in Canada.
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Airbus affair
The Airbus affair refers to allegations of secret commissions paid to members of the Government of Canada during the term of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney (1984–93), in exchange for then-crown corporation Air Canada's purchase of a large number of Airbus jets.
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Al-Qaeda
Al-Qaeda (القاعدة,, translation: "The Base", "The Foundation" or "The Fundament" and alternatively spelled al-Qaida, al-Qæda and sometimes al-Qa'ida) is a militant Sunni Islamist multi-national organization founded in 1988.
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Alain Dubuc
Alain Dubuc is a journalist and an economist from Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Alberta
Alberta is a western province of Canada.
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Alexa McDonough
Alexa Ann McDonough, (née Shaw; born August 11, 1944) is a Canadian politician who became the first woman to lead a major, recognized political party in Canada, when she was elected the Nova Scotia New Democratic Party's (NSNDP) leader in 1980.
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Alexandre Gélinas
Alexandre Gélinas was a local politician in Shawinigan, Quebec.
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Alfonso Gagliano
Alfonso Gagliano, (born January 25, 1942) is a Canadian accountant and a former Liberal Party politician.
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Algoma Montrealais
Montrealais was a lake freighter launched in 1961.
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Aline Chrétien
Aline Chrétien (née Chaîné; born May 14, 1936) is the wife of Canada's twentieth Prime Minister, Jean Chrétien.
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Allan MacEachen
Allan Joseph MacEachen, (July 6, 1921 – September 12, 2017) was a Canadian politician, a many-time Cabinet minister, a Senator, and one of Canada's elder statesmen.
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Allan Rock
Allan Michael Rock, (born August 30, 1947) is a lawyer, former Canadian politician, diplomat and was the President of University of Ottawa.
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André Dallaire
André Dallaire (born 1961) is a Quebecois man who attempted to assassinate Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chrétien in 1995.
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André Desmarais
André Desmarais (born October 26, 1956) is a Canadian businessperson, whose hometown is Montreal, Quebec.
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André Ouellet
André Ouellet, (born April 6, 1939) is a former chairman of Canada Post, and a longtime Liberal politician in Canada.
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Andrew Coyne
James Andrew Coyne (born December 23, 1960) is a Canadian columnist with the National Post and a member of the At Issue panel on CBC's The National.
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Andy Scott (politician)
Robert Andrew "Andy" Keith Scott, (March 16, 1955 – June 24, 2013) was a Liberal Member of the Canadian Parliament representing Fredericton, New Brunswick.
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Anne McLellan
A.
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Anti-submarine warfare
Anti-submarine warfare (ASW, or in older form A/S) is a branch of underwater warfare that uses surface warships, aircraft, or other submarines to find, track and deter, damage, or destroy enemy submarines.
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APEC Canada 1997
APEC Canada 1997 was a series of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation meetings focused on economic cooperation, held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada on 24–25 November 1997.
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Archibald Johnstone
Archibald Hynd (Archie) Johnstone (June 12, 1924 – November 8, 2014) was a Canadian businessman and retired Senator.
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Art Eggleton
Arthur C. "Art" Eggleton, (born September 29, 1943) is a Canadian Senator representing Ontario.
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Arthur Laing
Arthur Laing, (9 September 1904 – 13 February 1975) was a Canadian politician.
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Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a forum for 21 Pacific Rim member economies.
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Asian Canadians
Asian Canadians are Canadians who can trace their ancestry back to the continent of Asia or Asian people.
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Aurélien Gill
Aurélien Gill, (August 26, 1933 – January 17, 2015) was a Canadian businessman, teacher and politician.
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Aylmer, Quebec
Aylmer is a former city in Quebec, Canada.
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Bank of Canada
The Bank of Canada (or BoC) (Banque du Canada) is Canada's central bank.
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Barney & Friends
Barney & Friends is an American children's television series aimed at children from ages 1 to 8, created by Sheryl Leach and produced by HIT Entertainment.
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Beauséjour (electoral district)
Beauséjour riding (formerly known as Beauséjour—Petitcodiac) is a federal electoral district in eastern New Brunswick, Canada, which has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1988.
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Bell's palsy
Bell's palsy is a type of facial paralysis that results in an inability to control the facial muscles on the affected side.
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Bernard Landry
Bernard Landry, (born March 9, 1937) is a Quebec lawyer, teacher, politician, who as the leader of the Parti Québécois (2001–2005) served as the 28th Premier of Quebec (2001–2003), and leader of the Opposition (2003–2005).
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Bernard Roy
Bernard Roy (March 15, 1934 – October 28, 2017) was an emeritus professor at the Université Paris-Dauphine.
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Bernie Boudreau
James Bernard "Bernie" Boudreau, (born July 25, 1944) is a Canadian lawyer and politician.
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Betty Granger
Betty Granger is a former school trustee in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada who provoked controversy during the 2000 federal election with her comments about Asian immigration to Canada, provoking a national political debate.
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Betty Kennedy
Betty Margaret Hannah Kennedy, (January 4, 1926 – March 20, 2017) was a Canadian broadcaster, journalist, author, and Senator, who is best known for her work on radio and television.
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Beverley McLachlin
Beverley McLachlin, (born September 7, 1943) was the 17th Chief Justice of Canada, the first woman to hold this position, and the longest serving Chief Justice of Canada in history.
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Bill Clinton
William Jefferson Clinton (born August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001.
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Bill Rompkey
William "Bill" Hubert Rompkey, PC (May 13, 1936 – March 21, 2017) was a Canadian educator who served as Member of Parliament from 1972 to 1995 and a senator from 1995 to 2011.
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Black pepper
Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning, known as a peppercorn.
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Black v Chrétien
Black v Chrétien is the name of a legal dispute between businessman Conrad Black and Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chrétien over Chrétien's ability to prevent Black, a dual British-Canadian citizen, from obtaining a peerage in the British House of Lords.
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Bloc Québécois
The Bloc Québécois (BQ) is a federal political party in Canada devoted to Quebec nationalism and the promotion of Quebec sovereignty.
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Bob Andras
Robert Knight (Bob) Andras, (February 21, 1921 – November 17, 1982) was a Canadian politician.
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Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight
The Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight is a medium-lift tandem-rotor transport helicopter powered by twin turboshaft engines.
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Bonnie Brown (politician)
M.
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Bono
Paul David Hewson, KBE OL (born 10 May 1960), known by his stage name Bono, is an Irish singer-songwriter, musician, venture capitalist, businessman, and philanthropist.
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Brian Mulroney
Martin Brian Mulroney (born March 20, 1939) is a Canadian politician who served as the 18th Prime Minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993.
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Brian Tobin
Brian Vincent Tobin, (born October 21, 1954) is a Canadian businessman and former politician.
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Business Development Bank of Canada
The Business Development Bank of Canada (BDC; Banque de Développement du Canada) is a federal Crown corporation wholly owned by the Government of Canada.
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Calvin Ruck
Calvin Woodrow Ruck CM (September 4, 1925 – October 19, 2004) was an anti-racism activist and a member of the Senate of Canada.
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Canada Lands Company
The Canada Lands Company Limited (CLCL; Société immobilière du Canada limitée) is a self-financing federal Crown corporation reporting to the Parliament of Canada through Public Services and Procurement Canada.
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Canadian Airborne Regiment
The Canadian Airborne Regiment (Régiment aéroporté canadien) was a Canadian Forces formation created on April 8, 1968.
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Canadian Alliance
The Canadian Alliance (Alliance canadienne), formally the Canadian Reform Conservative Alliance (Alliance réformiste-conservatrice canadienne), was a conservative and right-wing populist federal political party in Canada that existed from 2000 to 2003.
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Canadian Armed Forces
The Canadian Armed Forces (CAF; Forces armées canadiennes, FAC), or Canadian Forces (CF) (Forces canadiennes, FC), are the unified armed forces of Canada, as constituted by the National Defence Act, which states: "The Canadian Forces are the armed forces of Her Majesty raised by Canada and consist of one Service called the Canadian Armed Forces." This unified institution consists of sea, land, and air elements referred to as the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF).
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Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (Société Radio-Canada), branded as CBC/Radio-Canada, is a Canadian federal Crown corporation that serves as the national public broadcaster for both radio and television.
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Canadian Centennial Medal
The Canadian Centennial Medal (Médaille du centenaire du Canada) is a commemorative medal struck by the Royal Canadian Mint in 1967 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Canadian Confederation and was awarded to Canadians who were recommended by governments and professional, educational and cultural associations, as well as military and protective services, veterans’ groups, sports associations, and philanthropic and charitable bodies, for having provided valuable service to Canada.
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Canadian federal election, 1949
The Canadian federal election of 1949 was held on June 27 to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 21st Parliament of Canada.
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Canadian federal election, 1963
The Canadian federal election of 1963 was held on April 8 to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 26th Parliament of Canada.
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Canadian federal election, 1965
The Canadian federal election of 1965 was held on November 8 to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 27th Parliament of Canada.
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Canadian federal election, 1968
The Canadian federal election of 1968 was held on June 25, 1968, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 28th Parliament of Canada.
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Canadian federal election, 1979
The Canadian federal election of 1979 was held on May 22, 1979, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 31st Parliament of Canada.
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Canadian federal election, 1980
The Canadian federal election of 1980 was held on February 18, 1980, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 32nd Parliament of Canada.
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Canadian federal election, 1984
The Canadian federal election of 1984 was held on September 4 of that year to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 33rd Parliament of Canada.
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Canadian federal election, 1993
The Canadian federal election of 1993 (officially, the 35th general election) was held on Monday October 25 of that year to elect members to the House of Commons of Canada of the 35th Parliament of Canada.
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Canadian federal election, 1997
The Canadian federal election of 1997 was held on June 2 to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 36th Parliament of Canada.
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Canadian federal election, 2000
The 2000 Canadian federal election was held on November 27, 2000, to elect 301 Members of Parliament of the House of Commons of Canada of the 37th Parliament of Canada.
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Canadian federal election, 2004
The Canadian federal election, 2004 (more formally, the 38th General Election), was held on June 28, 2004, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 38th Parliament of Canada.
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Canadian federal election, 2006
The 2006 Canadian federal election (more formally, the 39th General Election) was held on January 23, 2006, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 39th Parliament of Canada.
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Canadian federal election, 2015
The 2015 Canadian federal election (formally the 42nd Canadian general election) was held on October 19, 2015, to elect members to the House of Commons of the 42nd Canadian Parliament.
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Canadian order of precedence
The Canadian order of precedence is a nominal and symbolic hierarchy of important positions within the governing institutions of Canada.
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Canadian Tire
Canadian Tire Corporation, Limited is a Canadian retail company which sells a wide range of automotive, hardware, sports and leisure, and home products.
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Canadian titles debate
The Canadian titles debate has been ongoing since the presentation to the House of Commons of Canada of the Nickle Resolution in 1917.
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Cardiology
Cardiology (from Greek καρδίᾱ kardiā, "heart" and -λογία -logia, "study") is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the heart as well as parts of the circulatory system.
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Carolyn Bennett
Carolyn Ann Bennett (born December 20, 1950) is a Canadian physician and politician.
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Carolyn Parrish
Carolyn Parrish (born Karolina Janoszewska; October 3, 1946) is a politician in Ontario, Canada.
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Catherine Callbeck
Catherine Sophia Callbeck (born July 25, 1939) is a retired Canadian politician.
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Céline Hervieux-Payette
Céline Hervieux-Payette, (born April 22, 1941, L'Assomption, Quebec) is a former Canadian Senator and the former Leader of the Opposition in the Senate of Canada (2007-2008), the first woman ever to hold this position.
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CBC News
CBC News is the division of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation responsible for the news gathering and production of news programs on the corporation's English-language operations, namely CBC Television, CBC Radio, CBC News Network, and CBC.ca.
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Charles Caccia
Charles L. Caccia, (April 28, 1930 – May 3, 2008) was a Canadian politician.
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Charles Drury
Charles Mills "Bud" Drury, (17 May 1912 – 12 January 1991) was a Canadian soldier, businessman, and politician.
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Charles Guité
J.
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Charlottetown Accord
The Charlottetown Accord (Accord de Charlottetown) was a package of proposed amendments to the Constitution of Canada, proposed by the Canadian federal and provincial governments in 1992.
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Chief of Staff to the Prime Minister (Canada)
The Chief of Staff of Canada's Prime Minister's Office is the top official of the office.
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Chinese Immigration Act, 1923
The Chinese Immigration Act, 1923, known today as the Chinese Exclusion Act, was an act passed by the Parliament of Canada, banning most forms of Chinese immigration to Canada.
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Clarity Act
The Clarity Act (Loi sur la clarté référendaire) (known as Bill C-20 before it became law) (the Act) is legislation passed by the Parliament of Canada that established the conditions under which the Government of Canada would enter into negotiations that might lead to secession following such a vote by one of the provinces.
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Claude Ryan
Claude Ryan, (January 26, 1925 – February 9, 2004) was a Canadian journalist and politician.
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Club of Madrid
The Club de Madrid is an independent non-profit organization created to promote democracy and change in the international community.
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Clyde Wells
Clyde Kirby Wells, (born November 9, 1937) was the fifth Premier of Newfoundland from 1989 to 1996, and subsequently Chief Justice of Newfoundland and Labrador, sitting on the Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador (Court of Appeal) from 1998 to 2009.
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Colby Cosh
Colby Cosh (born May 2, 1971) is a Canadian commentator, writer and editor of non-fiction, and blogger.
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Concordia University
Concordia University (commonly referred to as Concordia) is a public comprehensive university located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada on unceded Indigenous lands.
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Conflict of interest
A conflict of interest (COI) is a situation in which a person or organization is involved in multiple interests, financial or otherwise, and serving one interest could involve working against another.
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Conrad Black
Conrad Moffat Black, Baron Black of Crossharbour, KSG (born 25 August 1944) is a British former newspaper publisher, author.
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Constitution of Canada
The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law in Canada; the country's constitution is an amalgamation of codified acts and uncodified traditions and conventions.
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Coronary artery bypass surgery
Coronary artery bypass surgery, also known as coronary artery bypass graft (CABG, pronounced "cabbage") surgery, and colloquially heart bypass or bypass surgery, is a surgical procedure to restore normal blood flow to an obstructed coronary artery.
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Coureur des bois
A coureur des bois or coureur de bois ("runner of the woods"; plural: coureurs de bois) was an independent entrepreneurial French-Canadian trader who traveled in New France and the interior of North America.
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Dalton Camp
Dalton Kingsley Camp, (September 11, 1920 – March 18, 2002) was a Canadian journalist, politician, political strategist and commentator and supporter of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada.
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Dan McTeague
Daniel P. "Dan" McTeague, (born October 16, 1962) is a Canadian businessman, former public servant and former politician.
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Daniel Johnson Jr.
Daniel Johnson Jr., (born December 24, 1944) is a former Quebec politician.
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Daniel Johnson Sr.
Francis Daniel Johnson Sr.,, (April 9, 1915 – September 26, 1968) was a Quebec politician and the 20th Premier of Quebec from 1966 until his death in 1968.
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Dark horse
A dark horse is a little-known person or thing that emerges to prominence, especially in a competition of some sort, or a contestant that seems unlikely to succeed.
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David A. Dodge
David Allison Dodge, (born June 8, 1943) is a Canadian economist.
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David Collenette
David Michael Collenette, PC (born June 24, 1946) is a former Canadian politician.
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David Smith (Canadian senator)
David Paul Smith, (born May 16, 1941) is a Canadian lawyer, politician and retired Senator.
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Denis Coderre
Denis Coderre (born July 25, 1963) is a Canadian politician from Quebec, Canada.
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Denis Pronovost
Denis Pronovost (born 3 May 1953) was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 1993.
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Deputy minister (Canada)
In Canada, a deputy minister (sous-ministre) is the senior civil servant in a government department.
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Deputy Prime Minister of Canada
The Deputy Prime Minister of Canada (Vice-premier ministre du Canada) is an honorary position in the Cabinet, conferred at the discretion of the prime minister.
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Devaluation
In modern monetary policy, a devaluation is an official lowering of the value of a country's currency within a fixed exchange rate system, by which the monetary authority formally sets a new fixed rate with respect to a foreign reference currency or currency basket.
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Dick Proctor
Dick Proctor (born February 12, 1941 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian political activist, former New Democratic Party (NDP) Member of Parliament, and a former journalist.
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Director of Communications (Office of the Prime Minister)
The Director of Communications in the Prime Minister's Office is one of the most senior roles in the Canadian Prime Minister's Office, reporting directly to the Prime Minister and his or her Chief of Staff.
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Distinct society
Distinct society (in la société distincte) is a political term especially used during constitutional debate in Canada, in the second half of the 1980s and in the early 1990s, and present in the two failed constitutional amendments, the Meech Lake Accord and the Charlottetown Accord.
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Doctor of Law
Doctor of Law or Doctor of Laws is a degree in law.
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Dominic LeBlanc
Dominic A. LeBlanc (born December 14, 1967), is a Canadian lawyer and politician from New Brunswick serving as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the riding of Beauséjour since the 2000 federal election and sitting in the House of Commons of Canada as Minister of Fisheries, Oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard since 2016.
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Don Boudria
Donald "Don" Boudria, (born August 30, 1949) is a former Canadian politician.
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Don Jamieson (politician)
Donald Campbell Jamieson, (April 30, 1921 – November 19, 1986) was a Canadian politician, diplomat and broadcaster.
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Don Johnston
Donald James Johnston, (born June 26, 1936) is a Canadian former politician, lawyer, and was Secretary-General of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) from 1996 to 2006.
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Don Martin (journalist)
Don Martin (born September 12, 1956) is a Canadian television and newspaper journalist, currently the host of Power Play on CTV News Channel.
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Donald Stovel Macdonald
Donald Stovel Macdonald, (born March 1, 1932) is a Canadian retired lawyer, politician and diplomat.
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Doris Margaret Anderson
Doris Margaret Anderson, (born July 5, 1922) is a Canadian nutritionist and retired senator.
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Doug Young (politician)
Meredith Douglas "Doug" Young, (born September 20, 1940 in Tracadie, New Brunswick) is a Canadian politician.
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Dropping the writ
Dropping the writ is the informal term for a procedure in some parliamentary government systems, where the head of government (that is the prime minister, premier or chief minister, as the case may be) goes to the head of state and formally advises him or her to dissolve parliament.
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Ed Broadbent
John Edward "Ed" Broadbent, (born March 21, 1936) is a Canadian social-democratic politician, political scientist, and chair of the Broadbent Institute, a policy thinktank.
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Eddie Goldenberg
Edward "Eddie" Goldenberg, served as a senior political advisor to Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chrétien with Jean Pelletier and Aline Chrétien.
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Edgar Benson
Edgar John "Ben" Benson, (–) was a Canadian politician, businessman, diplomat, and university professor.
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Edward Greenspon
Edward Greenspon (born March 26, 1957) is a Canadian journalist who joined Bloomberg News in January 2014 as Editor-at-Large for Canada after four years as vice president of strategic investments for Star Media Group, a division of Torstar Corp.
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Elinor Caplan
Elinor Caplan, (born May 20, 1944) is a businesswoman and former politician in Ontario, Canada.
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Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms.
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Erik Nielsen
Erik Hersholt Nielsen (February 24, 1924 – September 4, 2008) was a Canadian politician, and longtime Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament for Yukon.
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Eugene Whelan
Eugene Francis "Gene" Whelan, was a Canadian politician, sitting in the House of Commons from 1962 to 1984, and in the Senate from 1996 to 1999.
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European migrant crisis
The European migrant crisis, or the European refugee crisis, is a term given to a period beginning in 2015 when rising numbers of people arrived in the European Union (EU), travelling across the Mediterranean Sea or overland through Southeast Europe.
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Fairmont Royal York
The Fairmont Royal York, formerly and commonly known as the Royal York, is a large historic hotel in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, at 100 Front Street West.
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Fernand Robichaud
Fernand Robichaud, (born December 2, 1939) is a Canadian politician.
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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a group of conditions that can occur in a person whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy.
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Fidel Castro
Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (August 13, 1926 – November 25, 2016) was a Cuban communist revolutionary and politician who governed the Republic of Cuba as Prime Minister from 1959 to 1976 and then as President from 1976 to 2008.
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Fidel Ramos
Gen.
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Filibuster
A filibuster is a political procedure where one or more members of parliament or congress debate over a proposed piece of legislation so as to delay or entirely prevent a decision being made on the proposal.
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First Nations
In Canada, the First Nations (Premières Nations) are the predominant indigenous peoples in Canada south of the Arctic Circle.
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Fondation Chirac
The Fondation Chirac was launched by former French President Jacques Chirac, after having served two terms in office between 1995 and 2007.
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Foreign minister
A foreign minister or minister of foreign affairs (less commonly for foreign affairs) is generally a cabinet minister in charge of a state's foreign policy and relations.
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Françoise Ducros
Françoise (Francie) Ducros is a Canadian government official.
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France Chrétien Desmarais
France Chrétien Desmarais, (born July 5, 1958) is a Canadian lawyer and businesswoman.
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Frank Mahovlich
Francis William "Frank" "The Big M" Mahovlich, CM (born January 10, 1938) is a former Liberal Senator in the Canadian Senate, and a retired NHL ice hockey player.
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Frank Moores
Frank Duff Moores (February 18, 1933 – July 10, 2005) served as the second Premier of Newfoundland.
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Free trade
Free trade is a free market policy followed by some international markets in which countries' governments do not restrict imports from, or exports to, other countries.
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French language
French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.
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Gérard Lamy
Gérard Lamy (May 2, 1919 – October 26, 2016) was a Canadian Social Credit Party politician.
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George Baker (politician)
George S. Baker, (born September 4, 1942) is a Canadian politician and former member of the Senate of Canada.
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George Furey
George J. Furey (born May 12, 1948) is a Canadian politician serving as Speaker of the Senate of Canada since 2015.
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George H. W. Bush
George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993.
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George Radwanski
George Radwanski (February 28, 1947 – September 18, 2014) was a public servant, policy adviser, journalist and author.
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George W. Bush
George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009.
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Gerald Regan
Gerald Augustine Paul Regan, PC, QC, ECNS (born 13 February 1928), is a Canadian politician, who served as the 19th Premier of Nova Scotia from 1970 to 1978.
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Gerard Phalen
Gerard A. "Jigger" Phalen (born March 28, 1934), from Glace Bay, Nova Scotia is a former Canadian Senator, educator, and union leader.
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Gilles Duceppe
Gilles Duceppe (born July 22, 1947) is a Canadian politician, proponent of the Québec sovereignty movement and former leader of the Bloc Québécois.
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Gilles Grondin
Gilles Grondin (3 February 1943 – 18 July 2005) was an educator and a politician from Quebec, Canada.
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Gilles Rocheleau
Gilles Rocheleau (28 August 1935 – 27 June 1998) was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 1993.
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Globalization
Globalization or globalisation is the process of interaction and integration between people, companies, and governments worldwide.
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Gomery Commission
The Gomery Commission, formally the Commission of Inquiry into the Sponsorship Program and Advertising Activities, was a federal Canadian Royal Commission headed by Justice John Gomery for the purpose of investigating the sponsorship scandal, which involved allegations of corruption within the Canadian government.
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Goods and services tax (Canada)
The Goods and Services Tax (GST) (taxe sur les produits et services, TPS) is a multi-level value added tax introduced in Canada on January 1, 1991, by then-Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and his finance minister Michael Wilson.
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Gordon Thiessen
Gordon George Thiessen, (born August 14, 1938) was the sixth Governor of the Bank of Canada from 1994 to 2001, succeeding John Crow.
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Governor General of Canada
The Governor General of Canada (Gouverneure générale du Canada) is the federal viceregal representative of the.
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Grande Noirceur
The Grande Noirceur (English, Great Darkness) is a name that refers to the conservative policies undertaken by the government of Quebec Premier Maurice Duplessis from 1936 to 1939 and from 1944 to 1959.
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Group of Eight
The G8, reformatted as G7 from 2014 due to the suspension of Russia's participation, was an inter-governmental political forum from 1997 until 2014, with the participation of some major industrialized countries in the world, that viewed themselves as democracies.
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Groupaction
Groupaction Inc. is a Canadian advertising agency at the centre of the 2004 Canadian sponsorship scandal.
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Guantanamo Bay detention camp
The Guantanamo Bay detention camp is a United States military prison located within Guantanamo Bay Naval Base,, The Independent, 29 April 2006 also referred to as Guantánamo or GTMO, which is on the coast of Guantánamo Bay in Cuba.
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Gulf War
The Gulf War (2 August 199028 February 1991), codenamed Operation Desert Shield (2 August 199017 January 1991) for operations leading to the buildup of troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm (17 January 199128 February 1991) in its combat phase, was a war waged by coalition forces from 35 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait.
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Guy Bertrand (lawyer)
Guy Bertrand is a lawyer operating in Quebec City.
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Harmonized sales tax
The harmonized sales tax (HST) is a consumption tax in Canada.
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Harold Cardinal
Harold Cardinal (January 27, 1945 – June 3, 2005) was a Cree writer, political leader, teacher, negotiator and lawyer.
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Hebrew University of Jerusalem
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (האוניברסיטה העברית בירושלים, Ha-Universita ha-Ivrit bi-Yerushalayim; الجامعة العبرية في القدس, Al-Jami'ah al-Ibriyyah fi al-Quds; abbreviated HUJI) is Israel's second oldest university, established in 1918, 30 years before the establishment of the State of Israel.
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Hec Clouthier
Hector Daniel Clouthier (born October 18, 1949 in Pembroke) is a former Federal Member of Parliament for the riding of Renfrew—Nipissing—Pembroke in Ontario, Canada.
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Heenan Blaikie
Heenan Blaikie LLP is a now defunct Canadian law firm.
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Helmut Schmidt
Helmut Heinrich Waldemar Schmidt (23 December 1918 – 10 November 2015) was a German politician and member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), who served as Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) from 1974 to 1982.
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Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that primarily affects the liver.
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Herb Dhaliwal
Harbance Singh (Herb) Dhaliwal, (born December 12, 1952) is a Canadian politician and businessman.
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Herb Gray
Herbert Eser "Herb" Gray (May 25, 1931 – April 21, 2014) was a prominent Canadian politician.
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Historical rankings of Prime Ministers of Canada
Historical rankings of Canadian prime ministers are surveys conducted in order to construct rankings of the success of individuals who have served as Prime Minister of Canada.
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Honorary degree
An honorary degree, in Latin a degree honoris causa ("for the sake of the honor") or ad honorem ("to the honor"), is an academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding institution) has waived the usual requirements, such as matriculation, residence, a dissertation and the passing of comprehensive examinations.
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House of Commons of Canada
The House of Commons of Canada (Chambre des communes du Canada) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the Senate.
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Hugh Winsor
Hugh Fraser Winsor, (born 18 April 1938 at Saint John, New Brunswick) is a Canadian journalist, noted for his work with The Globe and Mail and CBC Television's The Journal.
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Ian Binnie
William Ian Corneil Binnie (born April 14, 1939) is a former puisne justice of the Supreme Court of Canada, serving from 1998 to 2011.
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Indian Act
The Indian Act (An Act respecting Indians, Loi sur les Indiens), (the Act) is a Canadian Act of Parliament that concerns registered Indians, their bands, and the system of Indian reserves.
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Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966
The Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966 (also variously known as the Indonesian massacres, Indonesian genocide, Indonesian Communist Purge, Indonesian politicide, or the 1965 Tragedy) were large-scale killings and civil unrest which occurred in Indonesia over several months, targeting communist sympathizers, ethnic Chinese and alleged leftists, often at the instigation of the armed forces and government.
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Indonesian occupation of East Timor
The Indonesian occupation of East Timor began in December 1975 and lasted until October 1999.
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Inuit
The Inuit (ᐃᓄᐃᑦ, "the people") are a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regions of Greenland, Canada and Alaska.
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Inuvik
Inuvik (place of man) is a town in the Northwest Territories of Canada and is the administrative centre for the Inuvik Region.
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Iona Campagnolo
Iona Victoria Campagnolo, (née Hardy, born October 18, 1932) is a Canadian politician, and was the 27th Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia and the first woman to hold the office.
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Ione Christensen
Ione Jean Christensen,, ''née'' Cameron (born October 10, 1933) is a former Canadian Senator.
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Isobel Finnerty
Isobel Finnerty (née Church; July 15, 1930 – October 3, 2016) was a Canadian Senator.
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Jack Granatstein
Jack Lawrence Granatstein, (born May 21, 1939) is a Canadian historian who specializes in political and military history.
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Jack Horner (politician)
John Henry "Jack" Horner, (July 20, 1927 – November 18, 2004) was a Canadian rancher, former politician and Cabinet minister.
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Jack Wiebe
John Edward Neil "Jack" Wiebe, (May 31, 1936 – April 16, 2007) was a Canadian farmer and politician.
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Jacques Chirac
Jacques René Chirac (born 29 November 1932) is a French politician who served as President of France and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra from 1995 to 2007.
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Jacques Flynn
Jacques Flynn, (August 22, 1915 – September 21, 2000) was a Canadian politician and Senator.
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Jacques Parizeau
Jacques Parizeau (August 9, 1930June 1, 2015) was a Canadian economist and politician who was a noted Quebec sovereigntist and the 26th Premier of the Canadian province of Quebec from September 26, 1994, to January 29, 1996.
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James Bartleman
James Karl Bartleman, (born 24 December 1939 in Orillia, Ontario) is a Canadian diplomat, author, and was the 27th Lieutenant Governor of Ontario from 2002 to 2007.
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James Bay
James Bay (Baie James, Wînipekw) is a large body of water on the southern end of Hudson Bay in Canada.
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James Bay Project
The James Bay Project (in French, projet de la Baie-James) refers to the construction by state-owned utility Hydro-Québec of a series of hydroelectric power stations on the La Grande River in northwestern Quebec, Canada, and the diversion of neighbouring rivers into the La Grande watershed.
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James Tunney (Canadian politician)
James Francis "Jim" Tunney (June 16, 1927 – September 22, 2010) was a Canadian dairy farmer and senator.
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Jane Cordy
Jane Marie Cordy (born July 2, 1950) is a Canadian Senator representing Nova Scotia and former teacher and administrator.
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Jean Boyle
General Joseph Édouard Jean Boyle, CMM, CD (born November 23, 1947) is a former Canadian Chief of Defence Staff.
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Jean Carle
Jean Carle (born July 16, 1962)Canadian Who's Who 2000, edited by Elizabeth Lumley, Volume XXXV, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000 page 207.
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Jean Charest
Jean James Charest, (born John James Charest;; born June 24, 1958) is a Quebec politician.
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Jean Forest
Jean Beatrice Forest, (born July 24, 1926) is a retired Canadian Senator.
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Jean Lapierre
Jean-Charles Lapierre, (May 7, 1956 – March 29, 2016) was a Canadian politician and television and radio broadcaster.
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Jean Lapointe
Jean Lapointe, (born December 6, 1935) is a Quebecois-Canadian actor, comedian and singer as well as a former Canadian Senator.
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Jean Pelletier
Jean Pelletier, (February 21, 1935 – January 10, 2009) was a Canadian politician, who served as the 37th mayor of Quebec City, Chief of Staff in the Prime Minister's Office, and chairman of Via Rail.
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Jean-Louis Roux
Jean-Louis Roux, (May 18, 1923 – November 28, 2013) was a Canadian politician, entertainer and playwright who was briefly the 26th Lieutenant Governor of Quebec.
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Jean-Pierre Côté
Joseph Julien Jean-Pierre Côté, (January 9, 1926 – July 10, 2002) was a Canadian parliamentarian and the 23rd Lieutenant Governor of Quebec.
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Jean-Robert Gauthier
Jean-Robert Gauthier, (October 22, 1929 – December 10, 2009) was a Canadian politician.
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Jeffrey Simpson
Jeffrey Carl Simpson, OC (born February 17, 1949), is a Canadian journalist.
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Jiang Zemin
Jiang Zemin (born 17 August 1926) is a retired Chinese politician who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1989 to 2002, as Chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2004, and as President of the People's Republic of China from 1993 to 2003.
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Jim Karygiannis
James Karygiannis, (Δημήτρης Καρύγιαννης; born May 2, 1955) is a Canadian politician.
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Jim Munson
Jim Munson (born July 14, 1946) is a Canadian Senator and retired journalist.
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Joan Cook
Joan Cook (born October 6, 1934) was a Canadian Senator for Newfoundland and Labrador.
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Joan Fraser
Joan Fraser (born October 12, 1944) is a Canadian former Senator and former journalist.
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Joe Clark
Charles Joseph "Joe" Clark, (born June 5, 1939) is a Canadian elder statesman, businessman, writer, and politician who served as the 16th Prime Minister of Canada, from June 4, 1979 to March 3, 1980.
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John Crosbie
John Carnell Crosbie, (born January 30, 1931) is a retired provincial and federal politician who served as the 12th Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
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John Crow
John William Crow (born 22 January 1937) was the fifth Governor of the Bank of Canada from 1987 to 1994, succeeding Gerald Bouey.
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John Fund
John H. Fund (born April 8, 1957) is an American political journalist.
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John G. Bryden
John G. Bryden (born August 25, 1937) is a former Canadian Senator.
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John Godfrey
John Ferguson Godfrey, (born December 19, 1942) is a Canadian educator, journalist and former Member of Parliament.
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John Gomery
John H. Gomery (born August 9, 1932) is a Canadian retired jurist.
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John Major
Sir John Major (born 29 March 1943) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1990 to 1997.
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John Manley
John Paul Manley (born January 5, 1950) is a Canadian lawyer, businessman, and politician.
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John Nunziata
John Nunziata (born January 4, 1955) is a Canadian lawyer and former politician.
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John Turner
John Napier Wyndham Turner (born June 7, 1929) is a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the 17th Prime Minister of Canada, in office from June 30 to September 17, 1984.
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Joseph A. Day
Joseph A. Day (born January 24, 1945) is a Canadian politician.
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Joseph Brant
Thayendanegea or Joseph Brant (March 1743 – November 24, 1807) was a Mohawk military and political leader, based in present-day New York, who was closely associated with Great Britain during and after the American Revolution.
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Joseph P. Landry
Joseph Gérard Lauri P. Landry (June 19, 1922 – July 25, 2008) was a Liberal Canadian Senator.
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Joual
Joual is the common name for the linguistic features of basilectal Quebec French that are associated with the French-speaking working class in Montreal which has become a symbol of national identity for a large number of artists from that area.
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Judas Iscariot
Judas Iscariot (died AD) was a disciple and one of the original Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ.
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Judd Buchanan
Judd Buchanan, (born July 25, 1929) is a Canadian former politician and businessman.
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Just for Laughs
Just for Laughs (Juste pour rire) is a comedy festival held each July in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Keith Davey
Keith Douglas Davey, (April 21, 1926 – January 17, 2011) was a Canadian politician and campaign organizer.
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Key Porter Books
Key Porter Books was a book publishing company based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Kim Campbell
Avril Phaedra Douglas "Kim" Campbell (born March 10, 1947) is a Canadian politician, diplomat, lawyer and writer who served as the 19th Prime Minister of Canada, from June 25, 1993, to November 4, 1993.
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Kitchener—Waterloo (electoral district)
Kitchener—Waterloo was a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1997 to 2015.
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Kofi Annan
Kofi Atta Annan (born 8 April 1938) is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006.
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Kosovo
Kosovo (Kosova or Kosovë; Косово) is a partially recognised state and disputed territory in Southeastern Europe that declared independence from Serbia in February 2008 as the Republic of Kosovo (Republika e Kosovës; Република Косово / Republika Kosovo).
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Lakehead University
Lakehead University is a public research university with campuses in Thunder Bay and Orillia, Ontario, Canada.
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Lame duck (politics)
In politics, a lame duck is an elected official whose successor has already been elected.
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Landon Pearson
Landon Carter "Lucy" Pearson, (born November 16, 1930) is a Canadian former Canadian Senator and a children's rights advocate.
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Laurentian University
Laurentian University (Université Laurentienne), which was incorporated on March 28, 1960, is a mid-sized bilingual university in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.
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Laurier LaPierre
Laurier L. LaPierre, (November 21, 1929 – December 16, 2012), was a Canadian Senator, professor, broadcaster, journalist and author.
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Laurier—Sainte-Marie
Laurier—Sainte-Marie is a federal electoral district in Downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1988.
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Lawrence MacAulay
Lawrence A. MacAulay, (born September 9, 1946) is a Canadian politician, who has represented the riding of Cardigan, Prince Edward Island in the House of Commons since 1988.
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Lawrence Martin (journalist)
Lawrence Michael Martin is a Canadian author and journalist.
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Léonce Mercier
Léonce Mercier (born August 11, 1926) is a retired Canadian Senator from Quebec as well as a retired businessman and consultant.
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Le Devoir
Le Devoir is a French-language newspaper published in Montreal and distributed in Quebec and throughout Canada.
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Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)
The Leader of Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition (Chef de la loyale opposition de Sa Majesté) is the leader of Canada's Official Opposition, the party possessing the most seats in the House of Commons but is not the governing party or part of the governing coalition.
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Leader of the Opposition
The Leader of the Opposition is a title traditionally held by the leader of the largest party not in government in a Westminster System of parliamentary government.
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Leadership review
In Canadian politics, a leadership review is a vote held at a political party convention in which delegates decide whether to endorse the incumbent party leader or schedule a leadership convention to elect a new leader.
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Len Hopkins
Leonard Donald "Len" Hopkins (June 12, 1930 – February 6, 2007) was a Canadian politician and member of the Liberal Party of Canada.
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Lester B. Pearson
Lester Bowles "Mike" Pearson (23 April 1897 – 27 December 1972) was a Canadian scholar, statesman, soldier, prime minister, and diplomat, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1957 for organizing the United Nations Emergency Force to resolve the Suez Canal Crisis.
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Libbe Hubley
Elizabeth M. "Libbe" Hubley (born September 8, 1942) is a Canadian politician who sat in the Senate of Canada representing Prince Edward Island from 2001 until her retirement in 2017.
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Liberal Party
Liberal Party is a name for political parties around the world whose members are liberalists.
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Liberal Party of Canada
The Liberal Party of Canada (Parti libéral du Canada), colloquially known as the Grits, is the oldest federal political party in Canada.
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Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, 1968
The Liberal Party of Canada leadership election of 1968 elected Pierre Elliott Trudeau as the new leader of the Liberal Party.
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Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, 1984
A Liberal Party of Canada leadership election was called for June 16, 1984, to replace retiring Liberal leader and sitting Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau.
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Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, 1990
The 1990 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election was held on 23 June 1990 in Calgary, Alberta.
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Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, 2003
The 2003 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election ended on November 14, 2003, electing former Finance Minister Paul Martin as the party's new leader, replacing outgoing Prime Minister Jean Chrétien.
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Liberal Party of Canada Rat Pack
The Rat Pack was the nickname given to a group of young, high-profile Canadian Liberal opposition Members of Parliament during the Progressive Conservative government of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney.
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Lise Bacon
Lise Bacon, (born August 25, 1934) is a Canadian Liberal politician.
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Lise Bissonnette
Lise Bissonnette (born December 13, 1945) is a Canadian writer and journalist.
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List of Canadian Ministers of Industry, Trade and Commerce
The following is a list of Canadian Ministers of Industry.
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List of Prime Ministers of Canada
The Prime Minister of Canada is an official who serves as the primary minister of the Crown, chair of the Cabinet, and thus head of government of Canada.
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Liza Frulla
Liza Frulla, (born March 30, 1949, in Montreal, Quebec), formerly known as Liza Frulla-Hébert, is a former Canadian politician.
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Lloyd Axworthy
Lloyd Norman Axworthy, (born December 21, 1939) is a Canadian politician, elder statesman and academic.
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Lois Miriam Wilson
Lois Miriam Wilson, (born Lois Freeman; April 8, 1927) was the first female Moderator of the United Church of Canada, from 1980 to 1982.
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Lorna Milne
Lorna Ann Milne BSA (born December 13, 1934) was a Canadian Senator from 1995 to 2009.
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Louis LeBel
Louis LeBel (born November 30, 1939) was a puisne justice on the Supreme Court of Canada from 2000 to 2014.
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Louis St. Laurent
Louis Stephen St.
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Louise Arbour
Louise Arbour, (born February 10, 1947) is a Canadian lawyer, prosecutor and jurist.
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Lucie Pépin
Lucie Pépin (born September 7, 1936) is a Canadian nurse and former politician.
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Lucien Bouchard
Lucien Bouchard, (born December 22, 1938) is a French Canadian lawyer, diplomat, politician and former Minister of the Environment of the Canadian Federal Government.
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Maastricht Treaty
The Treaty on European Union (TEU; also referred to as the Treaty of Maastricht is one of two treaties forming the constitutional basis of the European Union (EU), the other being the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU; also referred to as the Treaty of Rome). The TEU was originally signed on 7 February 1992 by the members of the European Community in Maastricht, Netherlands to further European integration. On 9–10 December 1991, the same city hosted the European Council which drafted the treaty. Upon its entry into force on 1 November 1993 during the Delors Commission, it created the three pillars structure of the European Union and led to the creation of the single European currency, the euro. TEU comprised two novel titles respectively on Common Foreign and Security Policy and Cooperation in the Fields of Justice and Home Affairs, which replaced the former informal intergovernmental cooperation bodies named TREVI and European Political Cooperation on EU Foreign policy coordination. In addition TEU also comprised three titles which amended the three pre-existing community treaties: Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community, Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community, and the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community which had its abbreviation renamed from TEEC to TEC (being known as TFEU since 2007). The Maastricht Treaty (TEU) and all pre-existing treaties, has subsequently been further amended by the treaties of Amsterdam (1997), Nice (2001) and Lisbon (2009).
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Mac Harb
Mac Harb (born November 10, 1953) is a Canadian former politician, who served successively in local Ottawa positions, as a Member of the House of Commons, and as a Senator for Ontario.
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Mace (spray)
Mace is the genericized trademark of Chemical Mace, the brand name of an early type of aerosol self-defense spray invented by Allan Lee Litman in 1965.
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Maclean's
Maclean's is a Canadian news magazine that was founded in 1905, reporting on Canadian issues such as politics, pop culture, and current events.
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Madeleine Plamondon
Madeleine Plamondon (born September 21, 1931) is a Canadian retired Senator and consumer advocate specializing in financial services, privacy, and rights of the elderly.
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Mahathir Mohamad
Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad (Jawi:محضير بن محمد; IPA:; born 10 July 1925) is a Malaysian politician currently serving as the Prime Minister of Malaysia for the second time.
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Majority government
A majority government is a government formed by a governing party that has an absolute majority of seats in the legislature or parliament in a parliamentary system.
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Marc Lalonde
Marc Lalonde, (born July 26, 1929) is a retired Canadian politician and Cabinet minister.
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Marcel Massé
Marcel Massé (born June 23, 1940) is a Canadian politician and civil servant.
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Maria Chaput
Maria Chaput (born May 7, 1942) is a former member of the Senate of Canada representing the Senatorial Division of Manitoba.
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Marian Maloney
Marian L. Maloney (August 16, 1924 – May 29, 2010) was a Canadian Senator.
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Marie Charette-Poulin
Marie-Paule Charette-Poulin (born June 21, 1945) was a Canadian senator until resigning in April 2015 and was the president of the Liberal Party of Canada from 2006 to 2008.
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Marie Deschamps
Marie Deschamps, (born October 2, 1952 in Repentigny, Quebec) is a former puisne justice on the Supreme Court of Canada.
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Marilyn Trenholme Counsell
Marilyn Trenholme Counsell, MD, ONB, OC, (born October 22, 1933) is a Canadian lecturer, doctor and politician.
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Marisa Ferretti Barth
Marisa Ferretti Barth (born April 28, 1931) is a former Canadian Senator.
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Mark MacGuigan
Mark Rudolph MacGuigan, (February 17, 1931 – January 12, 1998) was a Canadian academic and politician.
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Mark Steyn
Mark Steyn is a Canadian author and political commentator.
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Maurice Duplessis
Maurice Le Noblet Duplessis (20 April 1890 – 7 September 1959) served as the 16th Premier of the Canadian province of Quebec from 1936 to 1939 and 1944 to 1959.
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Médard des Groseilliers
Médard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618–1696) was a French explorer and fur trader in Canada.
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McMaster University
McMaster University (commonly referred to as McMaster or Mac) is a public research university in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Meech Lake Accord
The Meech Lake Accord (Accord du lac Meech) was a series of proposed amendments to the Constitution of Canada negotiated in 1987 by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and all 10 Canadian provincial premiers.
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Meiji University
is a private university with campuses in Tokyo and Kawasaki, founded in 1881 by three lawyers of the Meiji era, Kishimoto Tatsuo, Miyagi Kōzō, and Yashiro Misao.
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Melvin Perry
Melvin Perry (Poirier) (23 August 1925 – 25 January 2002) was a Canadian politician.
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Memorial University of Newfoundland
Memorial University of Newfoundland, colloquially known as Memorial University or MUN, is a comprehensive university based in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
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Mexican peso crisis
The Mexican peso crisis was a currency crisis sparked by the Mexican government's sudden devaluation of the peso against the U.S. dollar in December 1994, which became one of the first international financial crises ignited by capital flight.
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Michaëlle Jean
Michaëlle Jean (born September 6, 1957) is a Canadian stateswoman and former journalist who is the third and current Secretary-General of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, after succeeding Abdou Diouf in January 2015; she is the first woman to hold the position.
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Michael J. L. Kirby
Michael J. L. Kirby, OC (born August 5, 1941) is a Canadian politician.
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Michel Bastarache
J.
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Michel Biron
Michel Biron, (born March 16, 1934) is a Canadian former Senator.
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Michel Chrétien
Michel Chrétien, (born March 26, 1936) is a Canadian medical researcher specializing in neuroendocrinology research.
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Michel Vennat
Michel Vennat (born 1941) is a Canadian civil servant, lawyer, businessman, and former President of the Business Development Bank of Canada.
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Michigan State University
Michigan State University (MSU) is a public research university in East Lansing, Michigan, United States.
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Mike Harris
Michael Deane "Mike" Harris (born January 23, 1945) is a Canadian politician who served as the 22nd Premier of Ontario from June 26, 1995 to April 14, 2002.
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Mike Jeffery
Lieutenant-General Michael Jeffery CMM CD was the Chief of the Land Staff of the Canadian Forces.
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Minister (government)
A minister is a politician who heads a government department, making and implementing decisions on policies in conjunction with the other ministers.
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Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs
The Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs is one of two Ministers of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet responsible for overseeing the federal Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development and administering the Indian Act and other legislation dealing with "Indians and lands reserved for the Indians" under subsection 91(24) of the Constitution Act, 1867.
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Minister of Energy, Mines and Resources (Canada)
The Minister of Energy, Mines, and Resources was a member of the Cabinet of Canada from 1966 to 1995.
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Minister of Finance (Canada)
The Minister of Finance (Ministre des Finances) is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is responsible each year for presenting the federal government's budget.
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Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada)
The Minister of Foreign Affairs (Ministre des Affaires étrangères) is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is responsible for overseeing the federal government's international relations and heads the Department of Global Affairs, though the Minister of International Trade leads on international trade issues.
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Minister of Innovation, Science and Economic Development
The Minister of Innovation, Science and Economic Development is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is responsible for overseeing the federal government's economic development and corporate affairs department, Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada.
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Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada
The Minister of Justice is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is responsible for the Department of Justice, chief federal legal adviser and is also Attorney General of Canada.
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Minister of National Revenue (Canada)
The Minister of National Revenue (Ministre du Revenu national) is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is responsible for the Canada Revenue Agency and the administration of taxation law and collection.
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Minority government
A minority government, or minority cabinet or minority parliament, is a cabinet formed in a parliamentary system when a political party or coalition of parties does not have a majority of overall seats in the parliament.
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Mitchell Sharp
Mitchell William Sharp, (May 11, 1911 – March 19, 2004) was a Canadian politician and a Companion of the Order of Canada, most noted for his service as a Liberal Cabinet minister.
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Mobina Jaffer
Mobina S. B. Jaffer, (born August 20, 1949 in Kampala, Uganda) is a Canadian Senator representing British Columbia.
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Montreal
Montreal (officially Montréal) is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous municipality in Canada.
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Montreal Heart Institute
The Montreal Heart Institute (French: Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal), in Montreal, Quebec, is a specialty hospital dedicated to the development of cardiology.
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Moody's Investors Service
Moody's Investors Service, often referred to as Moody's, is the bond credit rating business of Moody's Corporation, representing the company's traditional line of business and its historical name.
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Morris Fish
Morris Jacob Fish, (born November 16, 1938) was a judge of the Supreme Court of Canada from 2003 to 2013.
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Much (TV channel)
Much (formerly and commonly known as MuchMusic) is a Canadian English language Category A specialty channel currently owned by Bell Media.
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Multiculturalism
Multiculturalism is a term with a range of meanings in the contexts of sociology, political philosophy, and in colloquial use.
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Nardwuar the Human Serviette
John Ruskin (born July 5, 1968), better known as Nardwuar the Human Serviette, or simply Nardwuar, is a Canadian interviewer and musician from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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National Energy Program
The National Energy Program (NEP) was an energy policy of the Government of Canada from 1980 to 1985.
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National Post
The National Post is a conservative Canadian English-language newspaper.
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National Resources Mobilization Act
The National Resources Mobilization Act, 1940 (4 George VI, Chap. 13) was a statute of the Parliament of Canada passed to provide for better planning of a much greater Canadian war effort, both overseas and in military production at home.
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National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy
National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy (NaUKMA) (Національний університет «Києво-Могилянська академія» (НаУКМА), Natsional'nyi universytet "Kyyevo-Mohylians'ka akademiya") is a national, coeducational research university located in Kiev, Ukraine.
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NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord; OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 29 North American and European countries.
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NATO bombing of Yugoslavia
The NATO bombing of Yugoslavia was the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation's (NATO) military operation against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) during the Kosovo War.
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Neoliberalism
Neoliberalism or neo-liberalism refers primarily to the 20th-century resurgence of 19th-century ideas associated with laissez-faire economic liberalism.
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New Democratic Party
The New Democratic Party (NDP; Nouveau Parti démocratique, NPD) is a social democraticThe party is widely described as social democratic.
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NHIndustries NH90
The NHIndustries NH90 is a medium-sized, twin-engine, multi-role military helicopter.
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Nicholas Taylor
Nicholas William "Nick" Taylor (born November 17, 1927) is a geologist, businessman and politician from Alberta, Canada.
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Nick Sibbeston
Nick G. Sibbeston (born November 21, 1943) is a retired Canadian Senator representing the Northwest Territories.
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Norman Hillmer
George Norman Hillmer (born 1942 in Niagara Falls, Ontario) is a leading Canadian historian and teacher and is among the leading scholars on Canada-US relations.
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North American Free Trade Agreement
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA; Spanish: Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte, TLCAN; French: Accord de libre-échange nord-américain, ALÉNA) is an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America.
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Northwest Territories
The Northwest Territories (NT or NWT; French: les Territoires du Nord-Ouest, TNO; Athabaskan languages: Denendeh; Inuinnaqtun: Nunatsiaq; Inuktitut: ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᖅ) is a federal territory of Canada.
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Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia (Latin for "New Scotland"; Nouvelle-Écosse; Scottish Gaelic: Alba Nuadh) is one of Canada's three maritime provinces, and one of the four provinces that form Atlantic Canada.
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October Crisis
The October Crisis (La crise d'Octobre) occurred in October 1970 in the province of Quebec in Canada, mainly in the Montreal metropolitan area.
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Office of the Prime Minister (Canada)
In Canada, the Office of the Prime Minister (more commonly referred to as the Prime Minister's Office and abbreviated as PMO), located in the Office of the Prime Minister and Privy Council building, facing Parliament Hill, in Ottawa, is one of the most powerful parts of the government.
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Official multilingualism
Official multilingualism is the policy adopted by some states of recognizing multiple languages as official and producing all official documents, and handling all correspondence and official dealings, including court procedure, in these languages.
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Offshore investment
Offshore investment is the keeping of money in a jurisdiction other than one's country of residence.
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Oka Crisis
The Oka Crisis (Crise d'Oka) was a land dispute between a group of Mohawk people and the town of Oka, Quebec, Canada, which began on July 11, 1990, and lasted 78 days until September 26, 1990 with one fatality.
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Operation Yellow Ribbon
Operation Yellow Ribbon (Opération ruban jaune) was commenced by Canada to handle the diversion of civilian airline flights in response to the September 11 attacks in 2001 on the United States.
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Order of Canada
The Order of Canada (Ordre du Canada) is a Canadian national order and the second highest honour for merit in the system of orders, decorations, and medals of Canada.
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Order of Friendship
The Order of Friendship (Орден Дружбы, Orden Druzhby) is a state decoration of the Russian Federation established by Boris Yeltsin by presidential decree 442 of March 2, 1994 to reward foreign nationals whose work, deeds and efforts have been aimed at the betterment of relations with the Russian Federation and its people.
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Order of Merit
The Order of Merit (Ordre du Mérite) is an order of merit recognising distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or for the promotion of culture.
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Pana Merchant
Pana Pappas Merchant (born April 2, 1943) is a Liberal Senator from the Canadian province of Saskatchewan.
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Paradise Papers
The Paradise Papers are a set of 13.4 million confidential electronic documents relating to offshore investments that were leaked to the German reporters Frederik Obermaier and Bastian Obermayer from the newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung.
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Parliament Hill
Parliament Hill (Colline du Parlement), colloquially known as The Hill, is an area of Crown land on the southern banks of the Ottawa River in downtown Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Parliament of Canada
The Parliament of Canada (Parlement du Canada) is the federal legislature of Canada, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, the national capital.
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Parliamentary secretary
A parliamentary secretary is a member of a Parliament in the Westminster system who assists a more senior minister with his or her duties.
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Parti Québécois
The Parti Québécois (French for Quebec Party; PQ) is a sovereignist provincial political party in Quebec in Canada.
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Patriation
Patriation was the political process that led to full Canadian sovereignty, culminating with the Constitution Act, 1982.
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Paul Desmarais
Paul Desmarais Sr. (January 4, 1927 – October 8, 2013) was a Canadian financier and philanthropist, based in Montreal.
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Paul Martin
Paul Edgar Philippe Martin (born August 28, 1938), also known as Paul Martin Jr., is a Canadian politician who served as the 21st Prime Minister of Canada from December 12, 2003, to February 6, 2006.
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Paul Massicotte
Paul J. Massicotte (born September 10, 1951) is a Canadian Senator representing the Senate division of De Lanaudière, Québec.
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Peggy Butts
Mary Alice "Peggy" Butts (August 15, 1924 – March 6, 2004) served as a Canadian senator from September 23, 1997 to August 15, 1999.
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Pepper spray
Pepper spray (also known as capsicum spray) is a lachrymatory agent (a chemical compound that irritates the eyes to cause tears, pain, and temporary blindness) used in policing, riot control, crowd control, and self-defense, including defense against dogs and bears.
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Percy Downe
Percy E. Downe (born July 8, 1954) is a Canadian Senator and former political aide.
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Peter C. Newman
Peter Charles Newman, CC, CD (born 10 May 1929) is a Canadian journalist and writer.
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Peter Desbarats
Peter Hullett Desbarats, OC (July 2, 1933 – February 11, 2014) was a Canadian author, playwright and journalist.
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Peter Donolo
Peter Donolo (born October 1959) is a communications and political strategist.
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Peter Gzowski
Peter John Gzowski (July 13, 1934 – January 24, 2002), known colloquially as "Mr.
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Peter Lougheed
Edgar Peter Lougheed,, (July 26, 1928 – September 13, 2012) was a Canadian lawyer and politician.
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Pierre Brassard
Pierre Brassard (born April 24, 1966) is a French-Canadian actor, comedian, television personality and radio broadcaster.
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Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye
Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye (November 17, 1685 – December 5, 1749) was a French Canadian military officer, fur trader and explorer.
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Pierre Trudeau
Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau (October 18, 1919 – September 28, 2000), often referred to by the initials PET, was a Canadian statesman who served as the 15th Prime Minister of Canada (1968–1979 and 1980–1984).
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Pierre-Esprit Radisson
Pierre-Esprit Radisson (1636/1640–1710) was a French fur trader and explorer.
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Pierrette Ringuette
Pierrette Ringuette (born December 31, 1955), also formerly known as Pierrette Ringuette-Maltais, is a Canadian Senator.
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Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra
The Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra (Mother and Teacher Pontifical Catholic University), named after Pope John XXIII's encyclical Mater et magistra, that is, Mother and Teacher, (PUCMM for its Spanish acronym) is the first private, Roman Catholic, coeducational, university in the Dominican Republic (excluding colonial times).
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Power Corporation of Canada
Power Corporation of Canada is a diversified international management and Canadian holding company.
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President of Cuba
The President of Cuba (Presidente de Cuba), officially called from 1976 President of the Council of State (Presidente del Consejo de Estado de Cuba), is the head of the Council of State of Cuba.
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President of the Treasury Board
The President of the Treasury Board chairs the Treasury Board of Canada and is responsible for accounting for the government's fiscal operations.
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Preston Manning
Ernest Preston Manning, (born June 10, 1942) is an Alberta-based conservative Canadian politician.
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Prime Minister of Canada
The Prime Minister of Canada (Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus Canada's head of government, charged with advising the Canadian monarch or Governor General of Canada on the exercise of the executive powers vested in them by the constitution.
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Progressive Conservative Party of Canada
No description.
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Puisne judge
A puisne judge or puisne justice (French: puisné or puîné, "since-born" i.e. "junior") is a dated term for an ordinary judge of a particular court.
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Punk rock
Punk rock (or "punk") is a rock music genre that developed in the mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia.
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Quebec French
Québec French (français québécois; also known as Québécois French or simply Québécois) is the predominant variety of the French language in Canada, in its formal and informal registers.
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Quebec general election, 1994
The Quebec general election of 1994 was held on September 12, 1994, to elect members of the National Assembly of Quebec, Canada.
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Quebec general election, 2003
The Quebec general election of 2003 was held on April 14, 2003, to elect members of the National Assembly of Quebec (Canada).
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Quebec lieutenant
In Canadian politics, a Quebec lieutenant is a politician, from Quebec, usually a francophone and most often a Member of Parliament or at least a current or former candidate for Parliament, who is selected by a senior politician such as the Prime Minister or the leader of a national federal party, as his or her main advisor and/or spokesperson on issues specific to Quebec.
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Quebec referendum, 1980
The 1980 Quebec independence referendum was the first referendum in Quebec on the place of Quebec within Canada and whether Quebec should pursue a path toward sovereignty.
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Quebec referendum, 1995
The 1995 Quebec independence referendum was the second referendum to ask voters in the Canadian French-speaking province of Quebec whether Quebec should proclaim national sovereignty and become an independent country, with the condition precedent of offering a political and economic agreement to Canada.
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Quebec sovereignty movement
The Quebec sovereignty movement (Mouvement souverainiste du Québec) is a political movement as well as an ideology of values, concepts and ideas that advocates independence for the Canadian province of Quebec.
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Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal
The Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal or The Queen's Diamond Jubilee Medal is a commemorative medal created in 2012 to mark the sixtieth anniversary of Elizabeth II's accession to the thrones of the Commonwealth realms.
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Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal
The Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal (Médaille du jubilé de la Reine Elizabeth II) or the Queen's Golden Jubilee Medal was a commemorative medal created in 2002 to mark the fiftieth anniversary of Elizabeth II's accession.
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Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal
The Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal (Médaille du jubilé de la reine Élisabeth II) was a commemorative medal created in 1977 to mark the twenty-fifth anniversary of Elizabeth II's accession in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
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Queen's University
Queen's University at Kingston (commonly shortened to Queen's University or Queen's) is a public research university in Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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Ralph Goodale
Ralph Edward Goodale, (born October 5, 1949) is Canada's Minister of Public Safety in the present Cabinet, headed by Justin Trudeau.
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Random House of Canada
Random House of Canada was the Canadian distributor for Random House, Inc. from 1944 until 2013.
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Ray Hnatyshyn
Ramon John Hnatyshyn (Роман Гнатишин Roman Hnatyshyn) (March 16, 1934December 18, 2002), commonly known as Ray Hnatyshyn, was a Canadian statesman who served as Governor General of Canada, the 24th since Canadian Confederation.
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Raymond Chrétien
Raymond Chrétien, OC (born May 20, 1942) is a Canadian lawyer and diplomat.
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Raymond Garneau
Raymond Garneau, (born January 3, 1935) is a Canadian businessman and politician.
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Raymond Lavigne
Raymond Lavigne (born November 16, 1945) is a former Canadian senator and businessman, and a former Member of Parliament (MP).
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Raymond Setlakwe
Raymond C. Setlakwe, (born 3 July 1928) is a Canadian entrepreneur, lawyer, and former senator.
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Raymond Squires
Raymond G. Squires, (born February 6, 1926) is a Canadian former businessman and retired senator.
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Red Book (Liberal Party of Canada)
The Red Book, officially titled Creating Opportunity: The Liberal Plan for Canada was the platform of the Liberal Party of Canada in the 1993 federal election.
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Reference Re Secession of Quebec
Reference Re Secession of Quebec, is a landmark judgment of the Supreme Court of Canada regarding the legality, under both Canadian and international law, of a unilateral secession of Quebec from Canada.
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Reform Party of Canada
The Reform Party of Canada (Parti réformiste du Canada) was a right-wing populist federal political party in Canada that existed from 1987 to 2000.
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Regal Constellation Hotel
The Regal Constellation Hotel was a large hotel with focus on trade shows, convention and hospitality training centre near Pearson International Airport near Toronto, Ontario.
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René Lévesque
René Lévesque (Quebec French pronunciation:; August 24, 1922 – November 1, 1987) was a reporter, a minister of the government of Quebec (1960–1966), the founder of the Parti Québécois political party and the 23rd Premier of Quebec (November 25, 1976 – October 3, 1985).
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Renfrew—Nipissing—Pembroke
Renfrew—Nipissing—Pembroke is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons since 1979.
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Richard Kroft
Richard Henry Kroft, (born May 22, 1938) is a former Canadian lawyer, businessman and Senator.
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Robert Bourassa
Robert Bourassa, (July 14, 1933 – October 2, 1996) was a politician in Quebec, Canada.
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Robert Fife
Robert Fife (born 1954) is a Canadian political journalist and author who was the Ottawa bureau chief for CTV News from February 2005.
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Robert Fowler (diplomat)
Robert R. Fowler (born 18 August 1944) is a Canadian diplomat and was the special envoy of UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon to Niger from mid-2008 to 2009, to find a solution to the conflict in Agadez region.
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Roméo LeBlanc
Roméo-Adrien LeBlanc (December 18, 1928June 24, 2009) was a Canadian journalist, politician, and statesman who served as Governor General of Canada, the 25th since Canadian Confederation.
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Ron Duhamel
Ronald J. Duhamel, (March 2, 1938 – September 30, 2002) was a Canadian Member of Parliament and Senator.
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Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989.
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Rose-Marie Losier-Cool
Rose-Marie Losier-Cool (born June 18, 1937) is a retired Canadian Senator for New Brunswick.
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Ross Fitzpatrick
D.
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Roy MacLaren (politician)
Roy MacLaren, (born 26 October 1934), is a Canadian politician, diplomat, historian, and author.
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Royal Canadian Mounted Police
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP; Gendarmerie royale du Canada (GRC), "Royal Gendarmerie of Canada"; colloquially known as The Mounties, and internally as "the Force") is the federal and national police force of Canada.
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Royal Montreal Golf Club
The Royal Montreal Golf Club (French: Le Club de Golf Royal Montréal) is the oldest golf club in North America, and the oldest in continuous existence.
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Russia
Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
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Rwandan genocide
The Rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against the Tutsi, was a genocidal mass slaughter of Tutsi in Rwanda by members of the Hutu majority government.
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Saint-Maurice (electoral district)
Saint Maurice was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1896.
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Saint-Maurice—Laflèche
Saint-Maurice—Laflèche (previously known as St-Maurice—Laflèche) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1935 to 1968.
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Séminaire Saint-Joseph de Trois-Rivières
The Séminaire Saint-Joseph de Trois-Rivières is a private scholar institution in the Quebec region of Mauricie.
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Süddeutsche Zeitung
The Süddeutsche Zeitung (German for South German Newspaper), published in Munich, Bavaria, is one of the largest daily newspapers in Germany.
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Search and rescue
Search and rescue (SAR) is the search for and provision of aid to people who are in distress or imminent danger.
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Secretary (title)
Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, power, or importance in the organization.
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Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is part of the Constitution of Canada.
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Senate of Canada
The Senate of Canada (Sénat du Canada) is the upper house of the Parliament of Canada, along with the House of Commons and the Monarch (represented by the Governor General).
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September 11 attacks
The September 11, 2001 attacks (also referred to as 9/11) were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda against the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001.
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Serge Joyal
Serge Joyal (born February 1, 1945) is a Canadian Senator.
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Sergio Marchi (politician)
Sergio Marchi, (born May 12, 1956) has been involved in the national and diplomatic life of Canada, as both a federal MP and minister, as well as ambassador.
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Sharon Carstairs
Sharon Carstairs (born April 26, 1942) is a Canadian politician and former Senator.
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Shaw Centre (Ottawa)
The Shaw Centre, formerly the Ottawa Convention Centre, is located in downtown Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Shawinigan
Shawinigan is a city located on the Saint-Maurice River in the Mauricie area in Quebec, Canada.
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Shawinigan Handshake
Shawinigan Handshake is the epithet given to a chokehold executed on February 15, 1996 by Jean Chrétien, then Prime Minister of Canada, on anti-poverty protester Bill Clennett.
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Shawinigate
Shawinigate was a 1990s Canadian political scandal in which Prime Minister Jean Chrétien was accused of profiting from real estate deals and government policies in his hometown of Shawinigan, Quebec.
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Sheila Copps
Sheila Maureen Copps,, (born November 27, 1952) is a former Canadian politician who also served as Deputy Prime Minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to April 30, 1996, and June 19, 1996, to June 11, 1997.
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Sheila Finestone
Sheila Abbey Finestone, (January 28, 1927 – June 8, 2009) was a Canadian Member of Parliament and Senator.
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Sheila Fraser
Sheila Fraser (born September 16, 1950) served as Auditor General of Canada from 2001 to 2011.
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Shirley Maheu
Shirley Maheu (October 7, 1931 – February 1, 2006) was a Canadian politician.
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Sikorsky CH-124 Sea King
The Sikorsky CH-124 Sea King is a twin-engined anti-submarine warfare (ASW) helicopter designed for shipboard use by Canadian Naval forces, based on the US Navy's SH-3 (or S-61) and has been continuously in service with the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) and Canadian Forces since 1963.
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Sikorsky CH-148 Cyclone
The Sikorsky CH-148 Cyclone is a twin-engine, multi-role shipboard helicopter being developed by the Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation for the Canadian Forces.
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Sikorsky S-92
The Sikorsky S-92 is a four-bladed twin-engine medium-lift helicopter built by Sikorsky Aircraft for the civil and military helicopter market.
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Silvio Berlusconi
Silvio Berlusconi (born 29 September 1936) is an Italian media tycoon and politician who has served as Prime Minister of Italy in four governments.
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Sinophile
A Sinophile or a Chinophile is a person who demonstrates a strong interest and love for Chinese culture or its people.
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Social Union Framework Agreement
The Social Union Framework Agreement, or SUFA, was an agreement made in Canada in 1999 between Prime Minister Jean Chrétien and the premiers of the provinces and territories of Canada, except Quebec Premier Lucien Bouchard.
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Solicitor General of Canada
The Solicitor General of Canada was a position in the Canadian ministry from 1892 to 2005.
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Somalia Affair
The Somalia Affair was a 1993 military scandal later dubbed "Canada's national shame".
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Sponsorship scandal
The sponsorship scandal, AdScam or Sponsorgate, is a scandal that came as a result of a Canadian federal government "sponsorship program" in the province of Quebec and involving the Liberal Party of Canada, which was in power from 1993 to 2006.
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Stan Keyes
Stanley Kazmierczak Keyes, (born May 17, 1953 in Hamilton, Ontario) is a Canadian diplomat and former politician.
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Stéphane Dion
Stéphane Maurice Dion (born 28 September 1955) is a Canadian diplomat, political scientist, and former politician who has been the Canadian ambassador to Germany and special envoy to the European Union since May 2017.
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Stephen Harper
Stephen Joseph Harper (born April 30, 1959) is a Canadian economist, entrepreneur, and retired politician who served as the 22nd Prime Minister of Canada, from February 6, 2006, to November 4, 2015.
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Stephen LeDrew
Stephen Ralph LeDrew (born 1953) is a Toronto-based lawyer and broadcaster.
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Steve Mahoney
Steven W. Mahoney, (born July 18, 1947) is a Canadian politician.
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Stockwell Day
Stockwell Burt Day Jr.,, (born August 16, 1950) is a former Canadian politician, and a member of the Conservative Party of Canada.
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Subdural hematoma
A subdural hematoma (SDH), is a type of hematoma, usually associated with traumatic brain injury.
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Suharto
Muhammad Suharto (also written Soeharto;, or Muhammad Soeharto; 8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was an Indonesian military leader and politician who served as the second President of Indonesia, holding the office for 31 years from the ousting of Sukarno in 1967 until his resignation in 1998.
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Supreme Court of Canada
The Supreme Court of Canada (Cour suprême du Canada) is the highest court of Canada, the final court of appeals in the Canadian justice system.
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Surveillance aircraft
A surveillance aircraft is an aircraft used for surveillance—collecting information over time.
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Team Canada Mission
Team Canada Mission in Canadian politics is a public-relations mission led by the Prime Minister of Canada, the Minister of International Trade along with the leaders of the provinces and territories of Canada.
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Ted Hughes (judge)
Edward N. "Ted" Hughes is a retired Canadian judge.
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Termination fee
An early termination fee is a charge levied when a party wants to break the term of an agreement or long-term contract.
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Terry Mercer
Terry M. Mercer (born May 6, 1947) is a Canadian Senator.
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The Brick
The Brick Ltd. is a Canadian retailer of furniture, mattresses, appliances and home electronics.
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The Canadian Encyclopedia
The Canadian Encyclopedia (abbreviated as TCE) is a source of information on Canada published by Historica Canada of Toronto.
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The Globe and Mail
The Globe and Mail is a Canadian newspaper printed in five cities in western and central Canada.
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The Right Honourable
The Right Honourable (The Rt Hon. or Rt Hon.) is an honorific style traditionally applied to certain persons and to certain collective bodies in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, India, some other Commonwealth realms, the Anglophone Caribbean, Mauritius, and occasionally elsewhere.
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The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal is a U.S. business-focused, English-language international daily newspaper based in New York City.
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Thelma Chalifoux
Thelma J. Chalifoux (February 8, 1929 – September 22, 2017) was a Canadian teacher and senator.
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Thomas Worrall Kent
Thomas Worrall (Tom) Kent, (April 3, 1922 – November 15, 2011) was a Canadian economist, journalist, editor, public servant, and industrialist.
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Tommy Banks
Thomas Benjamin Banks, LL.D. (December 17, 1936 – January 25, 2018) was a Canadian pianist, conductor, arranger, composer, television personality and senator.
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Toronto–Dominion Bank
The Toronto–Dominion Bank (Banque Toronto–Dominion) is a Canadian multinational banking and financial services corporation headquartered in Toronto, Ontario.
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Turbo (film)
Turbo is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated comedy sports film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox.
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Two-tier healthcare
Two-tier healthcare is a situation in which a basic government-provided healthcare system provides basic care, and a secondary tier of care exists for those who can pay for additional, better quality or faster access.
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U2
U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin formed in 1976.
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Unemployment benefits
Unemployment benefits (depending on the jurisdiction also called unemployment insurance or unemployment compensation) are payments made by the state or other authorized bodies to unemployed people.
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Unilateral declaration of independence
A unilateral declaration of independence (UDI) is a formal process leading to the establishment of a new state by a subnational entity which declares itself independent and sovereign without a formal agreement with the national state from which it is seceding.
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Unity Rally
The Unity Rally (Rassemblement de l'unité) was a rally held on October 27, 1995, in downtown Montreal, where an estimated 100,000 Canadians from in and outside Quebec came to celebrate a united Canada, and plead with Quebecers to vote "No" in the Quebec independence referendum, 1995 (held three days after the rally).
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Université de Moncton
The Université de Moncton (abbr. U de M, transl. University of Moncton) is a French-language university located in Edmundston, Moncton and Shippagan, New Brunswick, Canada serving the Acadian community of Atlantic Canada.
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Université de Montréal
The Université de Montréal (UdeM) is a public research university in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
The Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR) (English: University of Quebec at Trois-Rivières), established in 1969 and located in Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada, is a public university within the Université du Québec network.
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Université Laval
Université Laval (Laval University) is a French-language, public research university in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
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University of Alberta
The University of Alberta (also known as U of A and UAlberta) is a public research university located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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University of British Columbia
The University of British Columbia (UBC) is a public research university with campuses in Vancouver and Kelowna, British Columbia.
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University of Ottawa
The University of Ottawa (uOttawa or U of O) (Université d'Ottawa) is a bilingual public research university in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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University of Western Ontario
The University of Western Ontario (UWO), corporately branded as Western University as of 2012 and commonly shortened to Western, is a public research university in London, Ontario, Canada.
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University of Winnipeg
The University of Winnipeg (UWinnipeg) is a public university in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada that offers undergraduate faculties of art, business and economics, education, science and kinesiology and applied health as well as graduate programs.
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Unstable angina
Unstable angina (UA) is a type of angina pectoris that is irregular.
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Vancouver
Vancouver is a coastal seaport city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia.
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Verdun, Quebec
Verdun is a borough (arrondissement) of the city of Montreal, Quebec, situated along the St. Lawrence River.
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Viola Léger
Viola Léger, (born June 29, 1930) is an American-Canadian actress and former Canadian Senator.
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Vivienne Poy
Vivienne Poy (née Lee;; born May 15, 1941) is a Canadian businesswoman, author and philanthropist.
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Vote splitting
Vote splitting is an electoral effect in which the distribution of votes among multiple similar candidates reduces the chance of winning for any of the similar candidates, and increases the chance of winning for a dissimilar candidate.
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Voyageurs
The voyageurs (travelers) were French Canadians who engaged in the transporting of furs by canoe during the fur trade years.
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War Measures Act
The War Measures Act (Loi sur les mesures de guerre) (5 George V, Chap. 2) was a statute of the Parliament of Canada that provided for the declaration of war, invasion, or insurrection, and the types of emergency measures that could thereby be taken.
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Warren Kinsella
Warren Kinsella is a Canadian lawyer, author, musician, political consultant, and commentator, based in Toronto, Ontario.
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Warsaw School of Economics
The Warsaw School of Economics (Szkoła Główna Handlowa, SGH Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie.) is the oldest business school in Poland.
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Wedge issue
A wedge issue is a political or social issue, often of a controversial or divisive nature, which splits apart a demographic or population group.
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Welfare state
The welfare state is a concept of government in which the state plays a key role in the protection and promotion of the social and economic well-being of its citizens.
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Who Killed the Canadian Military?
Who Killed the Canadian Military? is a 2004 non-fiction book by Jack Granatstein (published J.L. Granatstein), a Canadian historian and military veteran.
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Wilfred Moore
Wilfred P. Moore, (born January 14, 1942) is a Canadian lawyer.
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Wilfrid Laurier University
Wilfrid Laurier University (commonly referred to as WLU or simply Laurier) is a public university in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
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William Lyon Mackenzie King
William Lyon Mackenzie King (December 17, 1874 – July 22, 1950), also commonly known as Mackenzie King, was the dominant Canadian political leader from the 1920s through the 1940s.
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World War I
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
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Wrongful dismissal
In law, wrongful dismissal, also called wrongful termination or wrongful discharge, is a situation in which an employee's contract of employment has been terminated by the employer, where the termination breaches one or more terms of the contract of employment, or a statute provision or rule in employment law.
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Yellow Peril
The Yellow Peril (also Yellow Terror and Yellow Spectre) is a racist color-metaphor that is integral to the xenophobic theory of colonialism: that the peoples of East Asia are a danger to the Western world.
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York University
York University (Université York) is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Young Offenders Act
The Young Offenders Act (YOA; Loi sur les jeunes contrevenants) (the Act) was an act of the Parliament of Canada, granted Royal Assent in 1982 and proclaimed in force on April 2, 1984, that regulated the criminal prosecution of Canadian youths.
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Youth Criminal Justice Act
The Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA; Loi sur le système de justice pénale pour les adolescents) (the Act) is a Canadian statute, which came into effect on April 1, 2003.
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Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija/Југославија; Jugoslavija; Југославија; Pannonian Rusyn: Югославия, transcr. Juhoslavija)Jugosllavia; Jugoszlávia; Juhoslávia; Iugoslavia; Jugoslávie; Iugoslavia; Yugoslavya; Югославия, transcr. Jugoslavija.
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Yves Morin
Yves Morin, (born November 28, 1929) is a Canadian cardiologist, physician, scientist, and former Senator.
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125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal
The 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal (Médaille commémorative du 125e anniversaire de la Confédération du Canada) is a commemorative medal struck by the Royal Canadian Mint to commemorate the 125th anniversary of the Confederation of Canada and was awarded to Canadians who were deemed to have made a significant contribution to their fellow citizens, to their community, or to Canada.
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1969 White Paper
The 1969 White Paper was a proposed Canadian government policy on Indigenous peoples.
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1993 Chrétien attack ad
During the 1993 Canadian federal election, the Progressive Conservative Party (the PCs or Tories) produced a televised attack ad against Jean Chrétien, the Liberal leader.
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1997 Red River flood
The Red River flood of 1997 was a major flood that occurred in April and May 1997 along the Red River of the North in Minnesota, North Dakota, and Southern Manitoba.
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2003 invasion of Iraq
The 2003 invasion of Iraq was the first stage of the Iraq War (also called Operation Iraqi Freedom).
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2004 Liberal Party of Canada infighting
The period between Paul Martin's assumption of the leadership of the Liberal Party of Canada (November 14, 2003) and the announcement of the 2004 federal election (May 23, 2004) which saw a considerable amount of infighting within the party.
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2008–09 Canadian parliamentary dispute
The 2008–2009 Canadian parliamentary dispute was a political dispute during the 40th Canadian Parliament.
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2010 Winter Olympics
The 2010 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXI Olympic Winter Games (Les XXIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver) and commonly known as Vancouver 2010, informally the 21st Winter Olympics, was an international winter multi-sport event that was held from 12 to 28 February 2010 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, with some events held in the surrounding suburbs of Richmond, West Vancouver and the University Endowment Lands, and in the nearby resort town of Whistler.
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24 Sussex Drive
24 Sussex Drive, originally called Gorffwysfa and usually referred to simply as 24 Sussex, is the official residence of the Prime Minister of Canada, located in the New Edinburgh neighbourhood of Ottawa, Ontario.
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Redirects here:
Chretein, Chretien (Joseph Jacques), Chretien, (Joseph Jacques), Chretienite, Chrétein, Chrétien (Joseph Jacques), Chrétien, (Joseph Jacques), Chrétienite, Cretien, Domestic and foreign policies in Canada under former Prime Minister Jean Chretien, Domestic and foreign policies in Canada under former Prime Minister Jean Chrétien, Jean Chretien, Jean Cretien, Jean Joseph Jacques Chretien, Jean Joseph Jacques Chrétien, Joseph Jacques Jean Chretien, Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Chrétien
