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John Dalton

Index John Dalton

John Dalton FRS (6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist, and meteorologist. [1]

125 relations: Accuracy and precision, Acid, Ackworth School, Albert Square, Manchester, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Ammonia, Ardwick, Arsenic, Atmosphere of Earth, Atom, Atomic theory, Auxiliary verb, Barometer, Base (chemistry), Blue plaque, Bristol, British Science Association, Bryan Higgins, Caloric theory, Carbon dioxide, Carbon-12, Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey, Charles Turner (engraver), Chemical compound, Chemical reaction, Chemist, Chlorine, Cockermouth, Color blindness, Cryogenics, Cumberland, Cyst, Dalton Minimum, Dalton Township, Ontario, Dalton Transactions, Dalton's law, Deansgate, Democritus, Dissenting academies, Dublin, Eaglesfield, Cumbria, Encyclopædia Britannica, England, English Dissenters, Ethylene, Evaporation, Fellow of the Royal Society, Francis Leggatt Chantrey, French Academy of Sciences, Gay-Lussac's law, ..., Gentleman's Diary, George Hadley, Hadley cell, Harris Manchester College, Oxford, Humphry Davy, Isaac Asimov, Jacques Charles, James Lonsdale (painter), James Prescott Joule, Jöns Jacob Berzelius, John Gough (natural philosopher), John Rylands Library, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, Kawartha Lakes, Kendal, Kingdom of Great Britain, Lake District, Lancashire, Law of multiple proportions, Manchester, Manchester Blitz, Manchester city centre, Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester Town Hall, Mercury (element), Meteorology, Methane, Mezzotint, Natural philosophy, Nitrogen dioxide, Nitrous oxide, Ordnance Survey, Organic acid anhydride, Oxford, Pardshaw Young Friends' Centre, Paris, Participle, Phosphate, Phrenology, Physicist, Piccadilly Gardens, Pneumatic chemistry, Pound sterling, Pressure, Quakers, Queen Elizabeth II Wildlands Provincial Park, Rees's Cyclopædia, Refraction, Relative atomic mass, Royal Institution, Royal Manchester Institution, Royal Medal, Royal Society, Royal Society of Chemistry, Science History Institute, Solar cycle, Specular reflection, The Ladies' Diary, Thermal expansion, Thomas Thomson (chemist), Titration, Tutor, Unified atomic mass unit, University of Manchester, Vacuum, Vapor, Vapor pressure, Westmorland, William Bally, William Higgins (chemist), William Hyde Wollaston, William Theed, York. Expand index (75 more) »

Accuracy and precision

Precision is a description of random errors, a measure of statistical variability.

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Acid

An acid is a molecule or ion capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion H+), or, alternatively, capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (a Lewis acid).

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Ackworth School

Ackworth School is an independent school located in the village of High Ackworth, near Pontefract, West Yorkshire, England.

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Albert Square, Manchester

Albert Square is a public square in the centre of Manchester, England.

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American Academy of Arts and Sciences

The American Academy of Arts and Sciences is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States of America.

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Ammonia

Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3.

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Ardwick

Ardwick is a district of Manchester in North West England, one mile south east of the city centre. The population of the Ardwick Ward at the 2011 census was 19,250. Historically in Lancashire, by the mid-19th century Ardwick had grown from being a village into a pleasant and wealthy suburb of Manchester, but by the end of that century it had become heavily industrialised. When its industries later fell into decline then so did Ardwick itself, becoming one of the city's most deprived areas. Substantial development has taken place more recently in Ardwick and other areas of Manchester to reverse the decline, notably the construction of many facilities for the 2002 Commonwealth Games held nearby in Eastlands. In the late 19th century Ardwick had many places of entertainment, but the only remnant of that history today is the Art Deco-style Manchester Apollo, a venue for pop and rock music concerts.

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Arsenic

Arsenic is a chemical element with symbol As and atomic number 33.

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Atmosphere of Earth

The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, commonly known as air, that surrounds the planet Earth and is retained by Earth's gravity.

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Atom

An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element.

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Atomic theory

In chemistry and physics, atomic theory is a scientific theory of the nature of matter, which states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms.

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Auxiliary verb

An auxiliary verb (abbreviated) is a verb that adds functional or grammatical meaning to the clause in which it appears, such as to express tense, aspect, modality, voice, emphasis, etc.

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Barometer

A barometer is a scientific instrument used in meteorology to measure atmospheric pressure.

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Base (chemistry)

In chemistry, bases are substances that, in aqueous solution, release hydroxide (OH−) ions, are slippery to the touch, can taste bitter if an alkali, change the color of indicators (e.g., turn red litmus paper blue), react with acids to form salts, promote certain chemical reactions (base catalysis), accept protons from any proton donor, and/or contain completely or partially displaceable OH− ions.

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Blue plaque

A blue plaque is a permanent sign installed in a public place in the United Kingdom and elsewhere to commemorate a link between that location and a famous person, event, or former building on the site, serving as a historical marker.

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Bristol

Bristol is a city and county in South West England with a population of 456,000.

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British Science Association

The British Science Association (BSA) is a charity and learned society founded in 1831 to aid in the promotion and development of science.

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Bryan Higgins

Bryan Higgins (1741 – 1818) was an Irish natural philosopher in chemistry.

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Caloric theory

The caloric theory is an obsolete scientific theory that heat consists of a self-repellent fluid called caloric that flows from hotter bodies to colder bodies.

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Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide (chemical formula) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.

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Carbon-12

Carbon-12 is the more abundant of the two stable isotopes of carbon (Carbon-13 being the other), amounting to 98.93% of the element carbon; its abundance is due to the triple-alpha process by which it is created in stars.

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Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey

Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey, (13 March 1764 – 17 July 1845), known as Viscount Howick between 1806 and 1807, was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from November 1830 to July 1834.

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Charles Turner (engraver)

Charles Turner (31 August 1774 in Woodstock, Oxfordshire – 1 August 1857) was an English mezzotint engraver and draughtsman, specialising in portraiture.

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Chemical compound

A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) composed of atoms from more than one element held together by chemical bonds.

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Chemical reaction

A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.

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Chemist

A chemist (from Greek chēm (ía) alchemy; replacing chymist from Medieval Latin alchimista) is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry.

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Chlorine

Chlorine is a chemical element with symbol Cl and atomic number 17.

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Cockermouth

Cockermouth is an ancient market town and civil parish in the Borough of Allerdale in Cumbria, England, so named because it is at the confluence of the River Cocker as it flows into the River Derwent.

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Color blindness

Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color.

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Cryogenics

In physics, cryogenics is the production and behaviour of materials at very low temperatures.

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Cumberland

Cumberland is a historic county of North West England that had an administrative function from the 12th century until 1974.

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Cyst

A cyst is a closed sac, having a distinct membrane and division compared with the nearby tissue.

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Dalton Minimum

The Dalton Minimum was a period of low sunspot count, representing low solar activity, named after the English meteorologist John Dalton, lasting from about 1790 to 1830 or 1796 to 1820, corresponding to the period solar cycle 4 to solar cycle 7.

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Dalton Township, Ontario

The Township of Dalton was a municipality located in the northwest corner of the former Victoria County, now a geographic township in the city of Kawartha Lakes, in the Canadian province of Ontario.

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Dalton Transactions

Dalton Transactions is a peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing original (primary) research and review articles on all aspects of the chemistry of inorganic, bioinorganic, and organometallic compounds.

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Dalton's law

In chemistry and physics, Dalton's law (also called Dalton's law of partial pressures) states that in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.

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Deansgate

Deansgate is a main road (part of the A56) through Manchester city centre, England.

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Democritus

Democritus (Δημόκριτος, Dēmókritos, meaning "chosen of the people") was an Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher primarily remembered today for his formulation of an atomic theory of the universe.

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Dissenting academies

The dissenting academies were schools, colleges and seminaries (often institutions with aspects of all three) run by English Dissenters, that is, those who did not conform to the Church of England.

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Dublin

Dublin is the capital of and largest city in Ireland.

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Eaglesfield, Cumbria

Eaglesfield is a small settlement in the county of Cumbria, in England.

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Encyclopædia Britannica

The Encyclopædia Britannica (Latin for "British Encyclopaedia"), published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

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England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

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English Dissenters

English Dissenters or English Separatists were Protestant Christians who separated from the Church of England in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries.

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Ethylene

Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula or H2C.

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Evaporation

Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gaseous phase before reaching its boiling point.

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Fellow of the Royal Society

Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS and HonFRS) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society judges to have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge, including mathematics, engineering science and medical science".

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Francis Leggatt Chantrey

Sir Francis Leg(g)att Chantrey (7 April 1781 – 25 November 1841) was an English sculptor.

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French Academy of Sciences

The French Academy of Sciences (French: Académie des sciences) is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research.

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Gay-Lussac's law

Gay-Lussac's law can refer to several discoveries made by French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1778–1850) and other scientists in the late 18th and early 19th centuries pertaining to thermal expansion of gases and the relationship between temperature, volume, and pressure.

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Gentleman's Diary

Gentleman's Diary or The Mathematical Repository was (a supplement to) an almanac published at the end of the 18th century in England, including mathematical problems.

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George Hadley

George Hadley (12 February 1685 – 28 June 1768) was an English lawyer and amateur meteorologist who proposed the atmospheric mechanism by which the trade winds are sustained, which is now named in his honour as Hadley circulation.

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Hadley cell

The Hadley cell, named after George Hadley, is a global scale tropical atmospheric circulation that features air rising near the Equator, flowing poleward at 10–15 kilometers above the surface, descending in the subtropics, and then returning equatorward near the surface.

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Harris Manchester College, Oxford

Harris Manchester College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom.

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Humphry Davy

Sir Humphry Davy, 1st Baronet (17 December 177829 May 1829) was a Cornish chemist and inventor, who is best remembered today for isolating, using electricity, a series of elements for the first time: potassium and sodium in 1807 and calcium, strontium, barium, magnesium and boron the following year, as well as discovering the elemental nature of chlorine and iodine.

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Isaac Asimov

Isaac Asimov (January 2, 1920 – April 6, 1992) was an American writer and professor of biochemistry at Boston University.

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Jacques Charles

Jacques Alexandre César Charles (November 12, 1746 – April 7, 1823) was a French inventor, scientist, mathematician, and balloonist.

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James Lonsdale (painter)

James Lonsdale (16 May 1777 Lancaster – 17 January 1839 London) was a fashionable and prolific English portrait painter who exhibited some 138 works at the Royal Academy between 1802 and 1838, and was one of the founders of the Society of British Artists.

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James Prescott Joule

James Prescott Joule (24 December 1818 11 October 1889) was an English physicist, mathematician and brewer, born in Salford, Lancashire.

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Jöns Jacob Berzelius

Baron Jöns Jacob Berzelius (20 August 1779 – 7 August 1848), named by himself and contemporary society as Jacob Berzelius, was a Swedish chemist.

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John Gough (natural philosopher)

John Gough (17 January 1757 – 28 July 1825) was a blind English natural and experimental philosopher who is known for his own investigations as well as the influence he had on both John Dalton and William Whewell.

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John Rylands Library

The John Rylands Library is a late-Victorian neo-Gothic building on Deansgate in Manchester, England.

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Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (also Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac; 6 December 1778 – 9 May 1850) was a French chemist and physicist.

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Kawartha Lakes

The City of Kawartha Lakes (2016 population 75,423) is a unitary municipality in Central Ontario, Canada.

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Kendal

Kendal, anciently known as Kirkby in Kendal or Kirkby Kendal, is a market town and civil parish within the South Lakeland District of Cumbria, England.

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Kingdom of Great Britain

The Kingdom of Great Britain, officially called simply Great Britain,Parliament of the Kingdom of England.

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Lake District

The Lake District, also known as the Lakes or Lakeland, is a mountainous region in North West England.

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Lancashire

Lancashire (abbreviated Lancs.) is a county in north west England.

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Law of multiple proportions

In chemistry, the law of multiple proportions is one of the basic laws of stoichiometry used to establish the atomic theory, alongside the law of conservation of mass (matter) and the law of definite proportions.

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Manchester

Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England, with a population of 530,300.

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Manchester Blitz

The Manchester Blitz (also known as the Christmas Blitz) was the heavy bombing of the city of Manchester and its surrounding areas in North West England during the Second World War by the Nazi German Luftwaffe.

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Manchester city centre

Manchester city centre is the central business district of Manchester, England, within the boundaries of Trinity Way, Great Ancoats Street and Whitworth Street.

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Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society

The Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, popularly known as the Lit & Phil, is a learned society in Manchester, England.

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Manchester Metropolitan University

Manchester Metropolitan University (often referred to as Manchester Met, Man Met, or MMU) is a new, public university located in Manchester, England.

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Manchester Royal Infirmary

Manchester Royal Infirmary is a hospital in Manchester, England, founded by Charles White in 1752.

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Manchester Town Hall

Manchester Town Hall is a Victorian, Neo-gothic municipal building in Manchester, England.

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Mercury (element)

Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80.

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Meteorology

Meteorology is a branch of the atmospheric sciences which includes atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric physics, with a major focus on weather forecasting.

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Methane

Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula (one atom of carbon and four atoms of hydrogen).

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Mezzotint

Mezzotint is a printmaking process of the intaglio family, technically a drypoint method.

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Natural philosophy

Natural philosophy or philosophy of nature (from Latin philosophia naturalis) was the philosophical study of nature and the physical universe that was dominant before the development of modern science.

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Nitrogen dioxide

Nitrogen dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula.

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Nitrous oxide

Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas or nitrous, is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen with the formula.

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Ordnance Survey

Ordnance Survey (OS) is a national mapping agency in the United Kingdom which covers the island of Great Britain.

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Organic acid anhydride

An organic acid anhydride is an acid anhydride that is an organic compound.

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Oxford

Oxford is a city in the South East region of England and the county town of Oxfordshire.

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Pardshaw Young Friends' Centre

Pardshaw Young Friends' Centre is located within the historic Pardshaw Friends Meeting House complex, near Cockermouth in Cumbria, England.

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Paris

Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.

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Participle

A participle is a form of a verb that is used in a sentence to modify a noun, noun phrase, verb, or verb phrase, and plays a role similar to an adjective or adverb.

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Phosphate

A phosphate is chemical derivative of phosphoric acid.

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Phrenology

Phrenology is a pseudomedicine primarily focused on measurements of the human skull, based on the concept that the brain is the organ of the mind, and that certain brain areas have localized, specific functions or modules.

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Physicist

A physicist is a scientist who has specialized knowledge in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe.

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Piccadilly Gardens

Piccadilly Gardens is a green space in Manchester city centre, England, between Market Street and the edge of the Northern Quarter.

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Pneumatic chemistry

Pneumatic chemistry is a term most-closely identified with an area of scientific research of the seventeenth, eighteenth, and early nineteenth centuries.

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Pound sterling

The pound sterling (symbol: £; ISO code: GBP), commonly known as the pound and less commonly referred to as Sterling, is the official currency of the United Kingdom, Jersey, Guernsey, the Isle of Man, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, the British Antarctic Territory, and Tristan da Cunha.

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Pressure

Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.

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Quakers

Quakers (or Friends) are members of a historically Christian group of religious movements formally known as the Religious Society of Friends or Friends Church.

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Queen Elizabeth II Wildlands Provincial Park

The Queen Elizabeth II Wildlands Provincial Park is a provincial park in south-central Ontario, Canada, between Gravenhurst and Minden.

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Rees's Cyclopædia

Rees's Cyclopædia, in full The Cyclopædia; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature was an important 19th-century British encyclopædia edited by Rev.

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Refraction

Refraction is the change in direction of wave propagation due to a change in its transmission medium.

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Relative atomic mass

Relative atomic mass (symbol: A) or atomic weight is a dimensionless physical quantity defined as the ratio of the average mass of atoms of a chemical element in a given sample to one unified atomic mass unit.

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Royal Institution

The Royal Institution of Great Britain (often abbreviated as the Royal Institution or Ri) is an organisation devoted to scientific education and research, based in London.

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Royal Manchester Institution

The Royal Manchester Institution (RMI) was an English learned society founded on 1 October 1823 at a public meeting held in the Exchange Room by Manchester merchants, local artists and others keen to dispel the image of Manchester as a city lacking in culture and taste.

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Royal Medal

A Royal Medal, known also as The King's Medal or The Queen's Medal, depending on the gender of the monarch at the time of the award, is a silver-gilt medal, of which three are awarded each year by the Royal Society, two for "the most important contributions to the advancement of natural knowledge" and one for "distinguished contributions in the applied sciences", done within the Commonwealth of Nations.

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Royal Society

The President, Council and Fellows of the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, commonly known as the Royal Society, is a learned society.

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Royal Society of Chemistry

The Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) is a learned society (professional association) in the United Kingdom with the goal of "advancing the chemical sciences".

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Science History Institute

The Science History Institute is an institution that preserves and promotes understanding of the history of science.

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Solar cycle

The solar cycle or solar magnetic activity cycle is the nearly periodic 11-year change in the Sun's activity (including changes in the levels of solar radiation and ejection of solar material) and appearance (changes in the number and size of sunspots, flares, and other manifestations).

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Specular reflection

Specular reflection, also known as regular reflection, is the mirror-like reflection of waves, such as light, from a surface.

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The Ladies' Diary

The Ladies' Diary: or, Woman's Almanack appeared annually in London from 1704 to 1841 after which it was succeeded by The Lady's and Gentleman's Diary.

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Thermal expansion

Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in shape, area, and volume in response to a change in temperature.

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Thomas Thomson (chemist)

Thomas Thomson (12 April 1773 – 2 July 1852) was a British chemist and mineralogist whose writings contributed to the early spread of Dalton's atomic theory.

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Titration

Titration, also known as titrimetry, is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis that is used to determine the concentration of an identified analyte.

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Tutor

A tutor is a person who provides assistance or tutelage to one or more people on certain subject areas or skills.

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Unified atomic mass unit

The unified atomic mass unit or dalton (symbol: u, or Da) is a standard unit of mass that quantifies mass on an atomic or molecular scale (atomic mass).

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University of Manchester

The University of Manchester is a public research university in Manchester, England, formed in 2004 by the merger of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology and the Victoria University of Manchester.

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Vacuum

Vacuum is space devoid of matter.

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Vapor

In physics a vapor (American) or vapour (British and Canadian) is a substance in the gas phase at a temperature lower than its critical temperature,R.

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Vapor pressure

Vapor pressure or equilibrium vapor pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases (solid or liquid) at a given temperature in a closed system.

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Westmorland

Westmorland (formerly also spelt Westmoreland;R. Wilkinson The British Isles, Sheet The British Isles. even older spellings are Westmerland and Westmereland) is a historic county in north west England.

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William Bally

William Bally (1796 – 8 November 1858) was a Swiss sculptor and phrenologist active in Manchester, United Kingdom.

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William Higgins (chemist)

William Higgins (1763 – June 1825), an Irish chemist, was one of the early proponents of atomic theory.

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William Hyde Wollaston

William Hyde Wollaston (6 August 1766 – 22 December 1828) was an English chemist and physicist who is famous for discovering the chemical elements palladium and rhodium.

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William Theed

William Theed, also known as William Theed, the younger (1804 – 9 September 1891) was an English sculptor, the son of the sculptor and painter William Theed the elder (1764–1817).

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York

York is a historic walled city at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England.

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Dalton atomic theory, Dalton's Atomic Hypothesis, Dalton's atomic hypothesis, Dalton's atomic theory, Dalton's model, Dalton, John, Jn.Dalton, John Dalton (scientist), Sir John Dalton.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dalton

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