Julius Caesar

Gaius Julius Caesar (12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. ^[1]

Absence seizure

Absence seizures are one of several kinds of generalized seizures.

Acta Diurna

Acta Diurna (Latin: Daily Acts, sometimes translated as Daily Public Records or as Daily Gazette) were daily Roman official notices, a sort of daily gazette.

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Aedile

Aedile (aedīlis, from aedes, "temple edifice") was an elected office of the Roman Republic.

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Aedui

The Aedui or Haedui (Gaulish: *Aiduoi, 'the Ardent'; Aἴδουοι) were a Gallic tribe dwelling in what is now the region of Burgundy during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

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Affricate

An affricate is a consonant that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative, generally with the same place of articulation (most often coronal).

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Africa (Roman province)

Africa was a Roman province on the northern coast of the continent of Africa.

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Alba Longa

Alba Longa (occasionally written Albalonga in Italian sources) was an ancient Latin city in Central Italy in the vicinity of Lake Albano in the Alban Hills.

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Albania

Albania (Shqipëri or Shqipëria), officially the Republic of Albania (Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeast Europe.

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Alea iacta est ("The die is cast") is a variation of a Latin phrase (iacta alea est) attributed by Suetonius to Julius Caesar on 10January 49 BCE, as he led his army across the Rubicon river in Northern Italy.

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Alexandria

Alexandria (الإسكندرية; Ἀλεξάνδρεια, Coptic: Ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ - Rakoti or ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ) is the second largest city in Egypt and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast.

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Alexandrian war

The Alexandrian war, also called the Alexandrine war, was a phase of Caesar's civil war in which Julius Caesar involved himself in an Egyptian dynastic struggle. Julius Caesar and Alexandrian war are Cleopatra.

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Alise-Sainte-Reine

Alise-Sainte-Reine is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of eastern France.

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Ambiorix's revolt

Ambiorix's revolt was an episode during the Gallic Wars between 54 and 53 BC in which the Eburones tribe, under its leader, Ambiorix, rebelled against the Roman Republic.

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Ancient Greek

Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνῐκή) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC.

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Anticato

The Anticato (sometimes Anti-Cato; Latin: Anticatones) is a lost polemic written by Julius Caesar in hostile reply to Cicero's pamphlet praising Cato the Younger.

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Antioch

Antioch on the Orontes (Antiókheia hē epì Oróntou)Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ "Antioch on Daphne"; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ Μεγάλη "Antioch the Great"; Antiochia ad Orontem; Անտիոք Antiokʽ; ܐܢܛܝܘܟܝܐ Anṭiokya; אנטיוכיה, Anṭiyokhya; أنطاكية, Anṭākiya; انطاکیه; Antakya.

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Antistia gens

The gens Antistia, sometimes written Antestia on coins, was a plebeian family at ancient Rome.

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Apollonia (Illyria)

Apollonia (Ancient Greek, Koine Greek: Ἀπολλωνία, ἡ; city-ethnic: Ἀπολλωνιάτης, Apolloniates; Apollonia) was an Ancient Greek trade colony which developed into an independent polis, and later a Roman city, in southern Illyria.

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Apollonius Molon

Apollonius Molon or Molo of Rhodes (or simply Molon; Ἀπολλώνιος ὁ Μόλων), was a Greek rhetorician.

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Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 54 BC)

Appius Claudius Pulcher (97–49 BC) was a Roman patrician, politician and general in the first century BC. Julius Caesar and Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 54 BC) are 1st-century BC Roman augurs, 1st-century BC Roman consuls and correspondents of Cicero.

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Ariovistus

Ariovistus was a leader of the Suebi and other allied Germanic peoples in the second quarter of the 1st century BC.

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Arsinoe IV

Arsinoë IV (Ἀρσινόη; between 68 and 63 BC – 41 BC) was the fourth of six children and the youngest daughter of Ptolemy XII Auletes. Julius Caesar and Arsinoe IV are Cleopatra.

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Artemidorus of Knidos

Artemidorus of Knidos (Ἀρτεμίδωρος), 1st century BC, was a native of Knidos in southwest Anatolia.

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Arverni

The Arverni (Gaulish: *Aruernoi) were a Gallic people dwelling in the modern Auvergne region during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

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Assassination of Julius Caesar

Julius Caesar was assassinated by a group of senators on the Ides of March (15 March) of 44 BC during a meeting of the Senate at the Curia of Pompey of the Theatre of Pompey in Rome where the senators stabbed Caesar 23 times.

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Atrebates

The Atrebates (Gaulish: *Atrebatis, 'dwellers, land-owners, possessors of the soil') were a Belgic tribe of the Iron Age and the Roman period, originally dwelling in the Artois region.

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Atuatuci

The Atuatuci (or Aduatuci) were a Gallic-Germanic tribe, dwelling in the eastern part of modern-day Belgium during the Iron Age.

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Augustus

Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian (Octavianus), was the founder of the Roman Empire. Julius Caesar and Augustus are 1st-century BC Roman augurs, 1st-century BC Roman consuls, characters in Book VI of the Aeneid and Julii Caesares.

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Aulus Gabinius

Aulus Gabinius (– 48 or 47 BC) was a politician and general of the Roman Republic. Julius Caesar and Aulus Gabinius are 1st-century BC Roman consuls and Roman Republican praetors.

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Aulus Hirtius

Aulus Hirtius (– 43 BC) was consul of the Roman Republic in 43 BC and a writer on military subjects. Julius Caesar and Aulus Hirtius are 1st-century BC Roman augurs, 1st-century BC Roman consuls, ancient Roman military writers, ancient Roman writers and Golden Age Latin writers.

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Aurelia (mother of Caesar)

Aurelia (– July 31, 54 BC) was the mother of the Roman general and statesman Julius Caesar.

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Aurelia gens

The gens Aurelia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome, which flourished from the third century BC to the latest period of the Empire.

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Avaricum

Avaricum was an oppidum in ancient Gaul, near what is now the city of Bourges.

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Battle of Alesia

The Battle of Alesia or siege of Alesia (September 52 BC) was the climactic military engagement of the Gallic Wars, fought around the Gallic oppidum (fortified settlement) of Alesia in modern France, a major centre of the Mandubii tribe.

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Battle of Bibracte

The Battle of Bibracte was fought between the Helvetii and six Roman legions, under the command of Gaius Julius Caesar.

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Battle of Carrhae

The Battle of Carrhae was fought in 53 BC between the Roman Republic and the Parthian Empire near the ancient town of Carrhae (present-day Harran, Turkey).

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Battle of Dyrrhachium (48 BC)

The Battle of Dyrrachium (or Dyrrhachium) took place from April to late July 48 BC near the city of Dyrrachium, modern day Durrës in what is now Albania.

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Battle of Gergovia

The Battle of Gergovia took place in 52 BC in Gaul at Gergovia, the chief oppidum (fortified town) of the Arverni.

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Battle of Ilerda

The Battle of Ilerda took place in June 49 BC between the forces of Julius Caesar and the Spanish army of Pompey Magnus, led by his legates Lucius Afranius and Marcus Petreius.

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Battle of Morbihan

The Battle of Morbihan, also known as the Battle of Quiberon Bay, was a naval battle fought in the summer of 56 BC between the Gallic tribe of the Veneti and a Roman fleet sent by Julius Caesar.

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Battle of Munda

The Battle of Munda (17 March 45 BC), in southern Hispania Ulterior, was the final battle of Caesar's civil war against the leaders of the Optimates.

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Battle of Pharsalus

The Battle of Pharsalus was the decisive battle of Caesar's Civil War fought on 9 August 48 BC near Pharsalus in Central Greece.

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Battle of Philippi

The Battle of Philippi was the final battle in the Liberators' civil war between the forces of Mark Antony and Octavian (of the Second Triumvirate) and the leaders of Julius Caesar's assassination, Brutus and Cassius, in 42 BC, at Philippi in Macedonia.

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Battle of Ruspina

The Battle of Ruspina was fought on 4 January 46 BC in the Roman province of Africa, between the Republican forces of the Optimates and forces loyal to Julius Caesar.

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Battle of Thapsus

The Battle of Thapsus was a military engagement that took place on April 6, 46 BC near Thapsus (in modern Tunisia).

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Battle of the Arar

The Battle of the Arar was fought between the migrating tribes of the Helvetii and six Roman legions — The Seventh (Legio VII Claudia), Eighth (Legio VIII Augusta), Ninth (Legio IX Hispana), Tenth legions (Legio X Equestris), Eleventh (Legio XI Claudia) and Twelfth (Legio XII Fulminata) Legions — under the command of Gaius Julius Caesar in 58 BC.

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Battle of the Axona

The Battle of the Axona was fought in 57 BC, between the Roman army of Gaius Julius Caesar and the Belgae.

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Battle of the Nile (47 BC)

The Battle of the Nile in early 47 BC saw the combined Roman–Egyptian armies of Julius Caesar and Cleopatra VII defeat those of the rival Queen Arsinoe IV and King Ptolemy XIII and secure the throne of Egypt. Julius Caesar and Battle of the Nile (47 BC) are Cleopatra.

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Battle of the Sabis

The Battle of the Sabis, also (arguably erroneously) known as the Battle of the Sambre or the Battle against the Nervians (or Nervii), was fought in 57 BC near modern Saulzoir in Northern France, between Caesar's legions and an association of Belgae tribes, principally the Nervii.

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Battle of Vosges (58 BC)

The Battle of Vosges, also referred to as the Battle of Vesontio, was fought on September 14, 58 BC between the Germanic tribe of the Suebi, under the leadership of Ariovistus, and six Roman legions under the command of Gaius Julius Caesar.

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Battle of Zela (47 BC)

The Battle of Zela was fought in 47 BC between Julius Caesar and Pharnaces II of the Kingdom of Pontus.

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Belgae

The Belgae were a large confederation of tribes living in northern Gaul, between the English Channel, the west bank of the Rhine, and the northern bank of the river Seine, from at least the third century BC.

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Bellovaci

The Bellovaci (Gaulish: Bellouacoi) were a Belgic tribe dwelling in the modern Picardy region, near the present-day city of Beauvais, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

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Benito Mussolini

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian dictator who founded and led the National Fascist Party (PNF). Julius Caesar and Benito Mussolini are Genocide perpetrators.

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Bible

The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία,, 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures, some, all, or a variant of which are held to be sacred in Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, Islam, the Baha'i Faith, and other Abrahamic religions.

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Bituriges Cubi

The Bituriges Cubi (Gaulish: Biturīges Cubi) were a Gallic tribe dwelling in a territory corresponding to the later province of Berry, which is named after them, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

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Black Sea

The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia.

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Bogud

Bogud (died 31 BC), son of King Mastanesosus of Mauretania, was a Berber joint king of Mauretania with his elder brother Bocchus II, with Bocchus ruling east of the Moulouya River and his brother west.

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Boii

The Boii (Latin plural, singular Boius; Βόιοι) were a Celtic tribe of the later Iron Age, attested at various times in Cisalpine Gaul (present-day Northern Italy), Pannonia (present-day Austria and Hungary), present-day Bavaria, in and around present-day Bohemia (after whom the region is named in most languages; comprising the bulk of today's Czech Republic), parts of present-day Slovakia and Poland, and Gallia Narbonensis (located in modern Languedoc and Provence).

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Bona Dea

Bona Dea ('Good Goddess') was a goddess in ancient Roman religion.

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Brindisi

Brindisi is a city in the region of Apulia in southern Italy, the former capital of the province of Brindisi, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea.

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Brittany

Brittany (Bretagne,; Breizh,; Gallo: Bertaèyn or Bertègn) is a peninsula, historical country and cultural area in the north-west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica during the period of Roman occupation.

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Caesar (disambiguation)

Julius Caesar (100–44 BC) was a Roman general and dictator.

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Caesar (title)

Caesar (English Caesars; Latin Caesares; in Greek: Καῖσαρ Kaîsar) is a title of imperial character.

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Caesar cipher

In cryptography, a Caesar cipher, also known as Caesar's cipher, the shift cipher, Caesar's code, or Caesar shift, is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques.

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Caesar's civil war

Caesar's civil war (49–45 BC) was a civil war during the late Roman Republic between two factions led by Gaius Julius Caesar and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey), respectively. Julius Caesar and Caesar's civil war are Cleopatra.

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Caesar's Comet

Caesar's Comet (also Sidus Iulium ("Julian Star"); Caesaris astrum ("Star of Caesar"); Comet Caesar; the Great Comet of 44 BC; numerical designation C/−43 K1) was a seven-day cometary outburst seen in July 44 BC.

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Caesar's Rhine bridges

Caesar's bridges across the Rhine, the first two bridges on record to cross the Rhine river, were built by Julius Caesar and his legionaries during the Gallic War in 55 BC and 53 BC.

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Caesarean section

Caesarean section, also known as C-section, cesarean, or caesarean delivery, is the surgical procedure by which one or more babies are delivered through an incision in the mother's abdomen.

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Caesareum of Alexandria

The Caesareum of Alexandria is an ancient temple in Alexandria, Egypt. Julius Caesar and Caesareum of Alexandria are Cleopatra.

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Caesarion

Ptolemy XV Caesar (Πτολεμαῖος Καῖσαρ,; 23 June 47 BC – 29 August 30 BC), nicknamed Caesarion (Καισαρίων,, "Little Caesar"), was the last pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt, reigning with his mother Cleopatra VII from 2 September 44 BC until her death by 12 August 30 BC, then as sole ruler until his death was ordered by Octavian (who would become the first Roman emperor as Augustus).

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Caesarism

In political science, the term Caesarism identifies and describes an authoritarian and autocratic ideology inspired by Julius Caesar, the dictator of Rome, from 49 BC to 44 BC.

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Calpurnia (wife of Caesar)

Calpurnia was either the third or fourth wife of Julius Caesar, and the one to whom he was married at the time of his assassination.

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Cassius Dio

Lucius Cassius Dio, also known as Dio Cassius (Δίων Κάσσιος), was a Roman historian and senator of maternal Greek origin.

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Catalonia

Catalonia (Catalunya; Cataluña; Catalonha) is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy.

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Catilinarian conspiracy

The Catilinarian conspiracy, sometimes Second Catilinarian conspiracy, was an attempted coup d'état by Lucius Sergius Catilina (Catiline) to overthrow the Roman consuls of 63 BC – Marcus Tullius Cicero and Gaius Antonius Hybrida – and forcibly assume control of the state in their stead.

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Cato the Younger

Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis ("of Utica";,; 95 BC – April 46 BC), also known as Cato the Younger (Cato Minor), was an influential conservative Roman senator during the late Republic. Julius Caesar and Cato the Younger are correspondents of Cicero.

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Catullus

Gaius Valerius Catullus (84 – 54 BC), known as Catullus, was a Latin neoteric poet of the late Roman Republic. Julius Caesar and Catullus are Golden Age Latin writers.

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Cádiz

Cádiz is a city in Spain and the capital of the Province of Cádiz, in the autonomous community of Andalusia.

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Celtic Britons

The Britons (*Pritanī, Britanni), also known as Celtic Britons or Ancient Britons, were an indigenous Celtic people who inhabited Great Britain from at least the British Iron Age until the High Middle Ages, at which point they diverged into the Welsh, Cornish, and Bretons (among others).

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Centuriate assembly

The Centuriate Assembly (Latin: comitia centuriata) of the Roman Republic was one of the three voting assemblies in the Roman constitution.

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Charisma

Charisma is a personal quality of presence or charm that other people find psychologically compelling.

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Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V (Ghent, 24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain from 1516 to 1556, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506 to 1555.

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Charles VIII of France

Charles VIII, called the Affable (l'Affable; 30 June 1470 – 7 April 1498), was King of France from 1483 to his death in 1498.

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Cicero

Marcus Tullius Cicero (3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, writer and Academic skeptic, who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises that led to the establishment of the Roman Empire. Julius Caesar and Cicero are 1st-century BC Roman augurs, 1st-century BC Roman consuls, Golden Age Latin writers and Roman Republican praetors.

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Cimbrian War

The Cimbrian or Cimbric War (113–101 BC) was fought between the Roman Republic and the Germanic and Celtic tribes of the Cimbri and the Teutons, Ambrones and Tigurini, who migrated from the Jutland peninsula into Roman-controlled territory, and clashed with Rome and her allies.

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Cisalpine Gaul

Cisalpine Gaul (Gallia Cisalpina, also called Gallia Citerior or Gallia Togata) was the name given, especially during the 4th and 3rd centuries BC, to a region of land inhabited by Celts (Gauls), corresponding to what is now most of northern Italy.

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Civic Crown

The Civic Crown (corona civica) was a military decoration during the Roman Republic and the subsequent Roman Empire, given to Romans who saved the lives of fellow citizens.

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Cleopatra

Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator (Κλεοπάτρα Θεά ΦιλοπάτωρThe name Cleopatra is pronounced, or sometimes in British English, see, the same as in American English.. Her name was pronounced in the Greek dialect of Egypt (see Koine Greek phonology);Also "Thea Neotera", lit.

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Cognomen

A cognomen (cognomina; from co- "together with" and (g)nomen "name") was the third name of a citizen of ancient Rome, under Roman naming conventions.

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College of Pontiffs

The College of Pontiffs (Collegium Pontificum; see collegium) was a body of the ancient Roman state whose members were the highest-ranking priests of the state religion.

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Commentarii de Bello Civili

Commentarii de Bello Civili (Commentaries on the Civil War), or Bellum Civile, is an account written by Julius Caesar of his war against Gnaeus Pompeius and the Roman Senate.

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Commentarii de Bello Gallico

Commentarii de Bello Gallico (italic), also Bellum Gallicum (italic), is Julius Caesar's firsthand account of the Gallic Wars, written as a third-person narrative.

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Constitution of the Roman Republic

The constitution of the Roman Republic was a set of uncodified norms and customs which, together with various written laws, guided the procedural governance of the Roman Republic.

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Cornelia (wife of Caesar)

Cornelia (BC) was either the first or second wife of Julius Caesar, and the mother of his only legitimate child, Julia.

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Cossutia

Cossutia was a Roman woman who became engaged to Julius Caesar prior to his reaching adulthood.

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Crisis of the Roman Republic

The crisis of the Roman Republic was an extended period of political instability and social unrest from about to 44 BC that culminated in the demise of the Roman Republic and the advent of the Roman Empire.

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Crossing the Rubicon

The phrase "crossing the Rubicon" is an idiom that means "passing a point of no return".

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Cult of personality

A cult of personality, or a cult of the leader,Mudde, Cas and Kaltwasser, Cristóbal Rovira (2017) Populism: A Very Short Introduction.

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Cultural depictions of Julius Caesar

Gaius Julius Caesar (100 BC – 44 BC), one of the most influential men in world history, has frequently appeared in literary and artistic works since ancient times.

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De Bello Africo

De Bello Africo (also Bellum Africum; On the African War) is a Latin work continuing Julius Caesar's accounts of his campaigns, De Bello Gallico and De Bello Civili, and its sequel by an unknown author De Bello Alexandrino.

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De Bello Alexandrino

De Bello Alexandrino (also Bellum Alexandrinum; On the Alexandrine War) is a Latin work continuing Julius Caesar's commentaries, De Bello Gallico and De Bello Civili.

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De Bello Hispaniensi

De Bello Hispaniensi (also Bellum Hispaniense; On the Hispanic War; On the Spanish War) is a Latin work continuing Julius Caesar's commentaries, De Bello Gallico and De Bello Civili, and its sequels by two different unknown authors De Bello Alexandrino and De Bello Africo.

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Defamation

Defamation is a communication that injures a third party's reputation and causes a legally redressable injury.

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Dictator perpetuo

(English: "dictator in perpetuity"), also called dictator in perpetuum, was the office held by Julius Caesar just before the end of his life.

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Diphthong

A diphthong, also known as a gliding vowel or a vowel glide, is a combination of two adjacent vowel sounds within the same syllable.

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Durrës

Durrës (Durrësi) is the second-most-populous city of the Republic of Albania and seat of Durrës County and Durrës Municipality.

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Eburones

The Eburones (Greek: Ἐβούρωνες, Ἐβουρωνοί) were a Gaulish-Germanic tribe dwelling in the northeast of Gaul, who lived north of the Ardennes in the region near that is now the southern Netherlands, eastern Belgium and the German Rhineland, in the period immediately preceding the Roman conquest of the region.

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Edinburgh University Press

Edinburgh University Press is a scholarly publisher of academic books and journals, based in Edinburgh, Scotland.

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Egypt

Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.

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Emperor

The word emperor (from imperator, via empereor) can mean the male ruler of an empire.

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England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

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Epigraphy

Epigraphy is the study of inscriptions, or epigraphs, as writing; it is the science of identifying graphemes, clarifying their meanings, classifying their uses according to dates and cultural contexts, and drawing conclusions about the writing and the writers.

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Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a group of non-communicable neurological disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures.

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Et tu, Brute?

Et tu, Brute? is a Latin phrase literally meaning "and you, Brutus?" or "also you, Brutus?", often translated as "You as well, Brutus?", "You too, Brutus?", or "Even you, Brutus?".

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Etesian

The etesians (or; periodic winds; sometimes found in the Latin form etesiae), meltemia (μελτέμια; pl. of μελτέμι meltemi), or meltem (Turkish) are the strong, dry north winds of the Aegean Sea, which blow periodically from about mid-May to mid-September.

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Eunoë (wife of Bogudes)

Eunoë Maura was the wife of Bogudes, King of Western Mauretania.

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First Triumvirate

The First Triumvirate was an informal political alliance among three prominent politicians in the late Roman Republic: Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Gaius Julius Caesar.

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Flamen Dialis

In ancient Roman religion, the flamen Dialis was the high priest of Jupiter. Julius Caesar and flamen Dialis are Flamines Dialis.

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Forum of Caesar

The Forum of Caesar, also known by the Latin Forum Iulium or Forum Julium, Forum Caesaris,Hornblower, Simon and Antony Spawforth.

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France

France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.

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Fricative

A fricative is a consonant produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together.

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Front vowel

A front vowel is a class of vowel sounds used in some spoken languages, its defining characteristic being that the highest point of the tongue is positioned as far forward as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would otherwise make it a consonant.

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Gaius Antonius Hybrida

Gaius Antonius Hybrida (flourished 1st century BC) was a politician of the Roman Republic. Julius Caesar and Gaius Antonius Hybrida are 1st-century BC Roman consuls.

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Gaius Aurelius Cotta

Gaius Aurelius Cotta (124–73 BC) was a Roman statesman, orator, priest, and Academic Skeptic; he is not to be confused with Gaius Aurelius Cotta who was consul twice in the 3rd century BCE. Julius Caesar and Gaius Aurelius Cotta are 1st-century BC Roman consuls.

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Gaius Caninius Rebilus (consul 45 BC)

Gaius Caninius Rebilus (52 – 45 BC) was a Roman general and politician. Julius Caesar and Gaius Caninius Rebilus (consul 45 BC) are 1st-century BC Roman consuls, Roman Republican praetors and Roman people of the Gallic Wars.

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Gaius Cassius Longinus

Gaius Cassius Longinus (– 3 October 42 BC) was a Roman senator and general best known as a leading instigator of the plot to assassinate Julius Caesar on 15 March 44 BC. Julius Caesar and Gaius Cassius Longinus are correspondents of Cicero and Roman Republican praetors.

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Gaius Claudius Marcellus (consul 49 BC)

Gaius Claudius Marcellus (before 91 BC – c. 48 BC) was a Consul of the Roman Republic in 49 BC. Julius Caesar and Gaius Claudius Marcellus (consul 49 BC) are 1st-century BC Roman consuls and Roman Republican praetors.

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Gaius Claudius Marcellus (consul 50 BC)

Gaius Claudius Marcellus (88 BC – May 40 BC) was a Roman senator who served as Consul in 50 BC. Julius Caesar and Gaius Claudius Marcellus (consul 50 BC) are 1st-century BC Roman consuls.

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Gaius Julius Caesar (disambiguation)

Gaius Julius Caesar may refer to.

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Gaius Julius Caesar (governor of Asia)

Gaius Julius Caesar (c. 140 BC – 85 BC) was a Roman senator, a supporter of his brother-in-law, Gaius Marius, and the father of Roman statesman Julius Caesar. Julius Caesar and Gaius Julius Caesar (governor of Asia) are Julii Caesares and Roman Republican praetors.

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Gaius Marius

Gaius Marius (– 13 January 86 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. Julius Caesar and Gaius Marius are 1st-century BC Roman augurs, 1st-century BC Roman consuls, ancient Roman triumphators, populares, Roman Republican generals and Roman governors of Hispania.

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Gaius Memmius (praetor 58 BC)

Gaius Memmius (incorrectly called Gemellus, "The Twin") was a Roman politician, orator and poet.

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Gaius Rabirius (senator)

Gaius Rabirius was a Roman senator who was involved in the death of Lucius Appuleius Saturninus in 100 BC.

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Gaius Servilius Ahala

Gaius Servilius Ahala (439 BC) was a 5th-century BC politician of ancient Rome, considered by many later writers to have been a hero.

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Gaius Trebonius

Gaius Trebonius (c. 92 BC – January 43 BC) was a military commander and politician of the late Roman Republic, who became suffect consul in 45 BC. Julius Caesar and Gaius Trebonius are 1st-century BC Roman consuls, correspondents of Cicero, Roman Republican praetors and Roman governors of Hispania.

See Julius Caesar and Gaius Trebonius

Gallaeci

The Gallaeci (also Callaeci or Callaici; Καλλαϊκοί) were a Celtic tribal complex who inhabited Gallaecia, the north-western corner of Iberia, a region roughly corresponding to what is now the Norte Region in northern Portugal, and the Spanish regions of Galicia, western Asturias and western León before and during the Roman period.

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Gallia Narbonensis

Gallia Narbonensis (Latin for "Gaul of Narbonne", from its chief settlement) was a Roman province located in what is now Occitania and Provence, in Southern France.

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Gallic Wars

The Gallic Wars were waged between 58 and 50 BC by the Roman general Julius Caesar against the peoples of Gaul (present-day France, Belgium, Germany and Switzerland).

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Gauls

The Gauls (Galli; Γαλάται, Galátai) were a group of Celtic peoples of mainland Europe in the Iron Age and the Roman period (roughly 5th century BC to 5th century AD).

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Gens

In ancient Rome, a gens (or,;: gentes) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same ''nomen gentilicium'' and who claimed descent from a common ancestor.

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George Frideric Handel

George Frideric (or Frederick) Handel (baptised italic,; 23 February 1685 – 14 April 1759) was a German-British Baroque composer well known for his operas, oratorios, anthems, concerti grossi, and organ concertos.

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German language

German (Standard High German: Deutsch) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol.

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Giulio Cesare

Giulio Cesare in Egitto (HWV 17), commonly known as Giulio Cesare, is a dramma per musica (opera seria) in three acts composed by George Frideric Handel for the Royal Academy of Music in 1724.

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Gnaeus Cornelius Dolabella

Gnaeus Cornelius Dolabella was a consul of the Roman Republic in 81 BC, with Marcus Tullius Decula, during the dictatorship of Sulla. Julius Caesar and Gnaeus Cornelius Dolabella are 1st-century BC Roman consuls.

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Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 96 BC)

Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (died 88 BC) was tribune of the people in 104 BC. Julius Caesar and Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 96 BC) are 1st-century BC Roman consuls and pontifices maximi of the Roman Republic.

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Gothic language

Gothic is an extinct East Germanic language that was spoken by the Goths.

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Great comet

A great comet is a comet that becomes exceptionally bright.

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Greece

Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe.

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Harvard University Press

Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing.

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Helvetii

The Helvetii (Gaulish: *Heluētī), anglicized as Helvetians, were a Celtic tribe or tribal confederation occupying most of the Swiss plateau at the time of their contact with the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC.

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Henry IV of France

Henry IV (Henri IV; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithets Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610.

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Hispania Ulterior

Hispania Ulterior (English: "Further Hispania", or occasionally "Thither Hispania") was a Roman province located in Hispania (on the Iberian peninsula) during the Roman Republic, roughly located in Baetica and in the Guadalquivir valley of modern Spain and extending to all of Lusitania (modern Portugal, Extremadura and a small part of Salamanca province) and Gallaecia (modern Northern Portugal and Galicia).

See Julius Caesar and Hispania Ulterior

History of the Roman Empire

The history of the Roman Empire covers the history of ancient Rome from the fall of the Roman Republic in 27 BC until the abdication of Romulus Augustulus in AD 476 in the West, and the Fall of Constantinople in the East in AD 1453.

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Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia, also called low blood sugar, is a fall in blood sugar to levels below normal, typically below 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L).

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Iberian Peninsula

The Iberian Peninsula (IPA), also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in south-western Europe, defining the westernmost edge of Eurasia.

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Ides of March

The Ides of March (Idus Martiae, Medieval Latin: Idus Martii) is the day on the Roman calendar marked as the Idus, roughly the midpoint of a month, of Martius, corresponding to 15 March on the Gregorian calendar.

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Il Messaggero

Il Messaggero (English: "The Messenger") is an Italian daily newspaper based in Rome, Italy.

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Illyricum (Roman province)

Illyricum was a Roman province that existed from 27 BC to sometime during the reign of Vespasian (69–79 AD).

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Imperator

The title of imperator originally meant the rough equivalent of commander under the Roman Republic.

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Isthmus of Corinth

The Isthmus of Corinth (Greek: Ισθμός της Κορίνθου) is the narrow land bridge which connects the Peloponnese peninsula with the rest of the mainland of Greece, near the city of Corinth.

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Italian language

Italian (italiano,, or lingua italiana) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire.

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Juba II

Juba II or Juba of Mauretania (Latin: Gaius Iulius Iuba; Ἰóβας, Ἰóβα or Ἰούβας;Roller, Duane W. (2003) The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene "Routledge (UK)". pp. 1–3.. c. 48 BC – AD 23) was the son of Juba I and client king of Numidia (30–25 BC) and Mauretania (25 BC – AD 23).

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Jugurthine War

The Jugurthine War (Bellum Iugurthinum; 112–106 BC) was an armed conflict between the Roman Republic and King Jugurtha of Numidia, a kingdom on the north African coast approximating to modern Algeria.

See Julius Caesar and Jugurthine War

Julia (daughter of Caesar)

Julia (76 BC – August 54 BC) was the daughter of Julius Caesar and his first or second wife Cornelia, and his only child from his marriages. Julius Caesar and Julia (daughter of Caesar) are Julii Caesares.

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Julia (wife of Marius)

Julia (– 69 BC) was the wife of the Roman consul Gaius Marius and a paternal aunt of future Roman dictator Julius Caesar. Julius Caesar and Julia (wife of Marius) are Julii Caesares.

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Julia gens

The gens Julia was one of the most prominent patrician families in ancient Rome.

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Julia Minor (grandmother of Augustus)

Julia Minor (before 100 BC – 51 BC) was the second of two daughters of Gaius Julius Caesar and Aurelia. Julius Caesar and Julia Minor (grandmother of Augustus) are Julii Caesares.

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Julian calendar

The Julian calendar is a solar calendar of 365 days in every year with an additional leap day every fourth year (without exception).

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Julius Caesar (disambiguation)

Gaius Julius Caesar (100–44 BC) was a Roman military and political leader and one of the most influential men of classical antiquity.

See Julius Caesar and Julius Caesar (disambiguation)

Julius Caesar (play)

The Tragedy of Julius Caesar (First Folio title: The Tragedie of Ivlivs Cæsar), often abbreviated as Julius Caesar, is a history play and tragedy by William Shakespeare first performed in 1599.

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Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain

In the course of his Gallic Wars, Julius Caesar invaded Britain twice: in 55 and 54 BC.

See Julius Caesar and Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain

Jupiter (god)

Jupiter (Iūpiter or Iuppiter, from Proto-Italic *djous "day, sky" + *patēr "father", thus "sky father" Greek: Δίας or Ζεύς), also known as Jove (gen. Iovis), is the god of the sky and thunder, and king of the gods in ancient Roman religion and mythology.

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Kaiser

Kaiser is the German word for "emperor".

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King of Rome

The king of Rome (rex Romae) was the ruler of the Roman Kingdom.

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Kingdom of Pontus

Pontus (Πόντος) was a Hellenistic kingdom centered in the historical region of Pontus in modern-day Turkey, and ruled by the Mithridatic dynasty of Persian origin, which may have been directly related to Darius the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty.

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Koine Greek

Koine Greek (Koine the common dialect), also known as Hellenistic Greek, common Attic, the Alexandrian dialect, Biblical Greek, Septuagint Greek or New Testament Greek, was the common supra-regional form of Greek spoken and written during the Hellenistic period, the Roman Empire and the early Byzantine Empire.

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La Stampa

(English: "The Press") is an Italian daily newspaper published in Turin with an average circulation of 87,143 copies in May 2023.

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Last words of Julius Caesar

The last words of the Roman dictator Julius Caesar are disputed.

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Latin alphabet

The Latin alphabet, also known as the Roman alphabet, is the collection of letters originally used by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language.

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Latin phonology and orthography

Latin phonology is the system of sounds used in various kinds of Latin.

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Latin regional pronunciation

Latin pronunciation, both in the classical and post-classical age, has varied across different regions and different eras.

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Laudatio Iuliae amitae

The laudatio Iuliae amitae ("Eulogy for Aunt Julia") is a funeral oration that Julius Caesar said in 68 BC to honor his dead aunt Julia, the widow of Marius.

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Legio XIII Gemina

Legio XIII Gemina, in English the 13th Twin(s) Legion (either "Female Twin" or "Neuter Twins"); was a legion of the Imperial Roman army.

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Lepidus

Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (89 BC – late 13 or early 12 BC) was a Roman general and statesman who formed the Second Triumvirate alongside Octavian and Mark Antony during the final years of the Roman Republic. Julius Caesar and Lepidus are 1st-century BC Roman consuls, correspondents of Cicero, pontifices maximi of the Roman Republic, Roman Republican praetors and Roman governors of Hispania.

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Lex Gabinia de piratis persequendis

The lex Gabinia (Gabinian Law), lex de uno imperatore contra praedones instituendo (Law establishing a single commander against raiders) or lex de piratis persequendis (Law on pursuing the pirates) was an ancient Roman special law passed in 67 BC, which granted Pompey the Great proconsular powers in any province within 50 miles of the Mediterranean Sea without holding a properly elected magistracy for the purpose of combating piracy.

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Lex Julia de repetundis

The lex Julia de repetundis ("Julian law on corruption") was a foundational corruption law of the late Roman Republic and the Roman Empire.

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Lex Manilia

The lex Manilia (Law of Manilius) was a Roman law passed in 66 BC granting Pompey the military command in the East against Mithridates VI of Pontus.

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Lex Trebonia (55 BC)

The Lex Trebonia was a Roman law passed in 55 BC during the second joint consulship of Marcus Licinius Crassus and Pompey, as part of their informal political arrangement known as the First Triumvirate.

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Lex Vatinia

The lex Vatinia (probably passed in May or early June 59 BC) also known as the lex Vatinia de provincia Caesaris or the lex Vatinia de imperio Caesaris, was legislation which gave Gaius Julius Caesar governorship of the provinces of Cisalpine Gaul and Illyricum for five years.

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Liberators' civil war

The Liberators' civil war (43–42 BC) was started by the Second Triumvirate to avenge Julius Caesar's assassination.

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Ligature (writing)

In writing and typography, a ligature occurs where two or more graphemes or letters are joined to form a single glyph.

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List of pontifices maximi

The pontifex maximus was the chief priest of the ancient Roman religion, and head of the Collegium Pontificum ("College of Pontiffs"). Julius Caesar and List of pontifices maximi are pontifices maximi of the Roman Republic.

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List of Roman consuls

This is a list of consuls known to have held office, from the beginning of the Roman Republic to the latest use of the title in Imperial times, together with those magistrates of the Republic who were appointed in place of consuls, or who superseded consular authority for a limited period.

See Julius Caesar and List of Roman consuls

Louis XIII

Louis XIII (sometimes called the Just; 27 September 1601 – 14 May 1643) was King of France from 1610 until his death in 1643 and King of Navarre (as Louis II) from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crown.

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Louis XIV

LouisXIV (Louis-Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great or the Sun King, was King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715.

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Lucan

Marcus Annaeus Lucanus (3 November AD 39 – 30 April AD 65), better known in English as Lucan, was a Roman poet, born in Corduba, Hispania Baetica (present-day Córdoba, Spain).

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Lucius Afranius (consul)

Lucius Afranius (died 46 BC) was an ancient Roman plebeian and a client of Pompey the Great. Julius Caesar and Lucius Afranius (consul) are 1st-century BC Roman consuls and Roman governors of Hispania.

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Lucius Appuleius Saturninus

Lucius Appuleius Saturninus (died late 100 BC) was a Roman populist and tribune. Julius Caesar and Lucius Appuleius Saturninus are assassinated ancient Roman politicians and populares.

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Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus (consul 58 BC)

Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus (101 BC – c. 43 BC) was a Roman senator and the father-in-law of Julius Caesar through his daughter Calpurnia. Julius Caesar and Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus (consul 58 BC) are 1st-century BC Roman consuls.

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Lucius Cornelius Cinna

Lucius Cornelius Cinna (before 130 BC – early 84 BC) was a four-time consul of the Roman republic. Julius Caesar and Lucius Cornelius Cinna are 1st-century BC Roman consuls and populares.

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Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus

Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus (before 97 BC48 BC) was Consul of the Roman Republic in 49 BC, an opponent of Caesar and supporter of Pompeius in the Civil War during 49 to 48 BC. Julius Caesar and Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus are 1st-century BC Roman consuls and Roman Republican praetors.

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Lucius Julius Caesar (consul 90 BC)

Lucius Julius Caesar (c. 134 – 87 BC) was a Roman statesman and general of the late 2nd and early 1st centuries BC. Julius Caesar and Lucius Julius Caesar (consul 90 BC) are 1st-century BC Roman consuls, assassinated ancient Roman politicians, Julii Caesares, Roman Republican generals and Roman Republican praetors.

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Lucius Junius Brutus

Lucius Junius Brutus (6th century BC) was the semi-legendary founder of the Roman Republic, and traditionally one of its first consuls in 509 BC. Julius Caesar and Lucius Junius Brutus are characters in Book VI of the Aeneid.

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Lucius Lucceius

Lucius Lucceius was a Roman orator and historian, friend and correspondent of Cicero. Julius Caesar and Lucius Lucceius are 1st-century BC historians and correspondents of Cicero.

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Lucius Minucius Basilus

Lucius Minucius Basilus (died summer 43 BC) was a military commander and politician of the late Roman Republic, a trusted associate of Julius Caesar, who later participated in Caesar's assassination. Julius Caesar and Lucius Minucius Basilus are correspondents of Cicero.

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Lucullus

Lucius Licinius Lucullus (118–57/56 BC) was a Roman general and statesman, closely connected with Lucius Cornelius Sulla. Julius Caesar and Lucullus are 1st-century BC Roman augurs, 1st-century BC Roman consuls, ancient Roman triumphators and Memoirists.

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Ludi

Ludi (Latin plural) were public games held for the benefit and entertainment of the Roman people (''populus Romanus'').

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Lupercalia

Lupercalia, also known as Lupercal, was a pastoral festival of Ancient Rome observed annually on February 15 to purify the city, promoting health and fertility.

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Lusitanians

The Lusitanians were an Indo-European-speaking people living in the far west of the Iberian Peninsula, in present-day central Portugal and Extremadura and Castilla y Leon of Spain.

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Magister equitum

The magister equitum, in English Master of the Horse or Master of the Cavalry, was a Roman magistrate appointed as lieutenant to a dictator.

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Mamurra

Mamurra was a Roman military officer who served under Julius Caesar. Julius Caesar and Mamurra are Roman people of the Gallic Wars.

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Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (consul 78 BC)

Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (121 – 77 BC) was a Roman statesman and general. Julius Caesar and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (consul 78 BC) are 1st-century BC Roman consuls and populares.

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Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus

Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus (– 48 BC) was a politician of the Roman Republic. Julius Caesar and Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus are 1st-century BC Roman consuls, Curule aediles, Roman Republican generals and Roman Republican praetors.

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Marcus Claudius Marcellus (consul 51 BC)

Marcus Claudius Marcellus was a Roman politician who was elected consul in 51 BC. Julius Caesar and Marcus Claudius Marcellus (consul 51 BC) are 1st-century BC Roman consuls and correspondents of Cicero.

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Marcus Junius Brutus

Marcus Junius Brutus (85 BC – 23 October 42 BC) was a Roman politician, orator, and the most famous of the assassins of Julius Caesar. Julius Caesar and Marcus Junius Brutus are Roman Republican praetors.

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Marcus Licinius Crassus

Marcus Licinius Crassus (115 – 53 BC) was a Roman general and statesman who played a key role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. Julius Caesar and Marcus Licinius Crassus are 1st-century BC Roman consuls, Roman Republican generals and Roman Republican praetors.

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Marcus Minucius Thermus

Marcus Minucius Thermus was an ancient Roman soldier and statesman. Julius Caesar and Marcus Minucius Thermus are Roman Republican praetors.

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Marcus Terentius Varro

Marcus Terentius Varro (116–27 BC) was a Roman polymath and a prolific author. Julius Caesar and Marcus Terentius Varro are ancient Roman writers and Golden Age Latin writers.

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Mark Antony

Marcus Antonius (14 January 1 August 30 BC), commonly known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic from a constitutional republic into the autocratic Roman Empire. Julius Caesar and Mark Antony are 1st-century BC Roman augurs, 1st-century BC Roman consuls, correspondents of Cicero, populares and Roman people of the Gallic Wars.

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Marriage in ancient Rome

Marriage in ancient Rome (conubium) was a fundamental institution of society and was used by Romans primarily as a tool for interfamilial alliances.

See Julius Caesar and Marriage in ancient Rome

Mauretania

Mauretania is the Latin name for a region in the ancient Maghreb.

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Menander

Menander (Μένανδρος Menandros; c. 342/41 – c. 290 BC) was a Greek dramatist and the best-known representative of Athenian New Comedy.

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Military

A military, also known collectively as an armed forces, are a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare.

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Military tribune

A military tribune (Latin tribunus militum, "tribune of the soldiers") was an officer of the Roman army who ranked below the legate and above the centurion.

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Mithridates II of the Bosporus

Mithridates II of the Bosporus, also known as Mithridates of Pergamon, was a nobleman from Anatolia.

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Napoleon

Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of successful campaigns across Europe during the Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815.

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Napoleon III

Napoleon III (Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was the first president of France from 1848 to 1852, and the last monarch of France as the second Emperor of the French from 1852 until he was deposed on 4 September 1870.

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National Archaeological Museum, Naples

The National Archaeological Museum of Naples (italic, abbr. MANN) is an important Italian archaeological museum, particularly for ancient Roman remains.

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Natural History (Pliny)

The Natural History (Naturalis Historia) is a Latin work by Pliny the Elder.

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Nervii

The Nervii were one of the most powerful Belgic tribes of northern Gaul at the time of its conquest by Rome.

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Neurocysticercosis

Neurocysticercosis is a specific form of the infectious parasitic disease cysticercosis that is caused by the infection with Taenia solium, a tapeworm found in pigs.

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Nicolaus of Damascus

Nicolaus of Damascus (Greek: Νικόλαος Δαμασκηνός, Nikolāos Damaskēnos; Latin: Nicolaus Damascenus; – after 4 AD), was a Greek historian, diplomat and philosopher who lived during the Augustan age of the Roman Empire.

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Nicomedes IV of Bithynia

Nicomedes IV Philopator (Νικομήδης Φιλοπάτωρ) was the king of Bithynia from c. 94 BC to 74 BC.

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Nile

The Nile (also known as the Nile River) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa.

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No quarter

No quarter, during military conflict, implies that combatants would not be taken prisoner, but killed.

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Numidia

Numidia was the ancient kingdom of the Numidians in northwest Africa, initially comprising the territory that now makes up Algeria, but later expanding across what is today known as Tunisia and Libya.

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Old Church Slavonic

Old Church Slavonic or Old Slavonic is the first Slavic literary language.

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Old Dutch

In linguistics, Old Dutch (Modern Dutch: Oudnederlands) or Old Low Franconian (Modern Dutch: Oudnederfrankisch) is the set of dialects that evolved from Frankish spoken in the Low Countries during the Early Middle Ages, from around the 6th Page 55: "Uit de zesde eeuw dateren de oudst bekende geschreven woorden en tekstjes in de Lage Landen, waarmee de periode van het oud-Nederlands begint." or 9th Page 27: "Aan het einde van de negende eeuw kan er zeker van Nederlands gesproken worden; hoe long daarvoor dat ook het geval was, kan niet met zekerheid worden uitgemaakt." to the 12th century.

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Old English

Old English (Englisċ or Ænglisc), or Anglo-Saxon, was the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages.

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Old High German

Old High German (OHG; Althochdeutsch (Ahdt., Ahd.)) is the earliest stage of the German language, conventionally identified as the period from around 500/750 to 1050.

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Old Norse

Old Norse, Old Nordic, or Old Scandinavian is a stage of development of North Germanic dialects before their final divergence into separate Nordic languages.

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Old Saxon

Old Saxon (altsächsische Sprache), also known as Old Low German (altniederdeutsche Sprache), was a Germanic language and the earliest recorded form of Low German (spoken nowadays in Northern Germany, the northeastern Netherlands, southern Denmark, the Americas and parts of Eastern Europe).

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Optimates and populares

Optimates (Latin for "best ones") and populares (Latin for "supporters of the people") are labels applied to politicians, political groups, traditions, strategies, or ideologies in the late Roman Republic.

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Overthrow of the Roman monarchy

The overthrow of the Roman monarchy was an event in ancient Rome that took place between the 6th and 5th centuries BC where a political revolution replaced the then-existing Roman monarchy under Lucius Tarquinius Superbus with a republic.

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Palatalization (sound change)

Palatalization is a historical-linguistic sound change that results in a palatalized articulation of a consonant or, in certain cases, a front vowel.

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Parthian Empire

The Parthian Empire, also known as the Arsacid Empire, was a major Iranian political and cultural power centered in ancient Iran from 247 BC to 224 AD.

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Patrician (ancient Rome)

The patricians (from patricius) were originally a group of ruling class families in ancient Rome.

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Pharnaces II of Pontus

Pharnaces II of Pontus (Φαρνάκης; about 97–47 BC) was the king of the Bosporan Kingdom and Kingdom of Pontus until his death.

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Pharsalia

De Bello Civili (On the Civil War), more commonly referred to as the Pharsalia (feminine singular), is a Roman epic poem written by the poet Lucan, detailing the civil war between Julius Caesar and the forces of the Roman Senate led by Pompey the Great.

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Pietas

Pietas, translated variously as "duty", "religiosity" or "religious behavior", "loyalty", "devotion", or "filial piety" (English "piety" derives from the Latin), was one of the chief virtues among the ancient Romans.

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Plato

Plato (Greek: Πλάτων), born Aristocles (Ἀριστοκλῆς; – 348 BC), was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms.

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Platonic Academy

The Academy (Akadēmía), variously known as Plato's Academy, the Platonic Academy, and the Academic School, was founded at Athens by Plato circa 387 BC.

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Plosive

In phonetics, a plosive, also known as an occlusive or simply a stop, is a pulmonic consonant in which the vocal tract is blocked so that all airflow ceases.

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Plutarch

Plutarch (Πλούταρχος, Ploútarchos;; – after AD 119) was a Greek Middle Platonist philosopher, historian, biographer, essayist, and priest at the Temple of Apollo in Delphi.

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Poems by Julius Caesar

Poems by Julius Caesar are mentioned by several sources in antiquity.

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Political institutions of ancient Rome

Various lists regarding the political institutions of ancient Rome are presented.

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Political strongman

In politics, a strongman is a type of authoritarian political leader—civilian or military—who exerts control through military enforcement and has, or has claimed to have, strong popular support.

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Pomerium

The pomerium or pomoerium was a religious boundary around the city of Rome and cities controlled by Rome.

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Pompeia (wife of Caesar)

Pompeia (fl. 1st century BC) was either the second or third wife of Julius Caesar.

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Pompey

Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (29 September 106 BC – 28 September 48 BC), known in English as Pompey or Pompey the Great, was a general and statesman of the Roman Republic. Julius Caesar and Pompey are 1st-century BC Roman augurs, 1st-century BC Roman consuls, ancient Roman triumphators, assassinated ancient Roman politicians, correspondents of Cicero and Roman governors of Hispania.

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Pompey's eastern settlement

Pompey's eastern settlement was the reorganization of Asia Minor and the Levant carried out by the Roman general Pompey in the 60s BC, in the aftermath of his suppression of piracy, his victory in the Third Mithridatic War and the dissolution of the Seleucid Empire, which brought the entire Near East under Roman control.

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Pontifex maximus

The pontifex maximus (Latin for "supreme pontiff") was the chief high priest of the College of Pontiffs (Collegium Pontificum) in ancient Rome. Julius Caesar and pontifex maximus are pontifices maximi of the Roman Republic.

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Pontiff

A pontiff was, in Roman antiquity, a member of the most illustrious of the colleges of priests of the Roman religion, the College of Pontiffs.

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Populism

Populism is a range of political stances that emphasize the idea of "the people" and often juxtapose this group with "the elite".

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Primary source

In the study of history as an academic discipline, a primary source (also called an original source) is an artifact, document, diary, manuscript, autobiography, recording, or any other source of information that was created at the time under study.

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Prisoner's dilemma

The prisoner's dilemma is a game theory thought experiment that involves two rational agents, each of whom can cooperate for mutual benefit or betray their partner ("defect") for individual reward.

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Proconsul

A proconsul was an official of ancient Rome who acted on behalf of a consul.

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Proscription

Proscription (proscriptio) is, in current usage, a 'decree of condemnation to death or banishment' (Oxford English Dictionary) and can be used in a political context to refer to state-approved murder or banishment.

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Ptolemaic Kingdom

The Ptolemaic Kingdom (Ptolemaïkḕ basileía) or Ptolemaic Empire was an Ancient Greek polity based in Egypt during the Hellenistic period.

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Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator

Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator (Πτολεμαῖος Θεός Φιλοπάτωρ, Ptolemaĩos; c. 62 BC – 13 January 47 BC) was Pharaoh of Egypt from 51 to 47 BC, and one of the last members of the Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC).

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Publius Clodius Pulcher

Publius Clodius Pulcher (– 18 January 52 BC) was a Roman politician and demagogue. Julius Caesar and Publius Clodius Pulcher are Curule aediles and populares.

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Publius Cornelius Dolabella (consul 44 BC)

Publius Cornelius Dolabella (– 43 BC, also known by his adoptive name Lentulus) was a Roman politician and general under the dictator Julius Caesar. Julius Caesar and Publius Cornelius Dolabella (consul 44 BC) are 1st-century BC Roman consuls and correspondents of Cicero.

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Publius Licinius Crassus Dives (consul 205 BC)

Publius Licinius Crassus Dives (died 183 BC) was consul in 205 BC with Scipio Africanus; he was also Pontifex Maximus since 213 or 212 BC (until his death), and held several other important positions. Julius Caesar and Publius Licinius Crassus Dives (consul 205 BC) are Curule aediles, pontifices maximi of the Roman Republic and Roman Republican praetors.

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Publius Servilius Casca

Publius Servilius Casca Longus (died) was one of the assassins of Julius Caesar and plebeian tribune in 43 BC.

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Publius Servilius Isauricus

Publius Servilius Isauricus was a Roman senator who served as consul in 48 BC together with Julius Caesar. Julius Caesar and Publius Servilius Isauricus are 1st-century BC Roman augurs and 1st-century BC Roman consuls.

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Publius Servilius Rullus

Publius Servilius Rullus was plebeian tribune of the Roman Republic in 63 BC.

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Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus

Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus (c. 130 BC – 44 BC), was a politician and general of the Roman Republic and a member of the plebeian branch of the gens Servilii. Julius Caesar and Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus are 1st-century BC Roman consuls and 44 BC deaths.

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Publius Vatinius

Publius Vatinius was a Roman politician during the last decades of the Republic. Julius Caesar and Publius Vatinius are 1st-century BC Roman augurs, 1st-century BC Roman consuls and correspondents of Cicero.

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Quaestio perpetua

A quaestio perpetua (also judicia publica) was a permanent jury court in the Roman Republic.

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Queen of Bithynia

The Queen of Bithynia (Bithynica regina) was a mock ancient epithet of Julius Caesar referencing his alleged homosexual relationship with King Nicomedes IV of Bithynia.

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Quintus Caecilius Bassus

Quintus Caecilius Bassus was a Roman equestrian who fought during Caesar's civil war under Pompey before the Battle of Pharsalus.

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Quintus Caecilius Metellus Celer

Quintus Caecilius Metellus Celer (– 59 BC) was a Roman politician who was consul in 60 BC and in the next year opposed Pompey, Caesar, and the so-called First Triumvirate's political programme. Julius Caesar and Quintus Caecilius Metellus Celer are 1st-century BC Roman augurs and 1st-century BC Roman consuls.

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Quintus Caecilius Metellus Nepos (consul 57 BC)

Quintus Caecilius Metellus Nepos (– 55 BC) was an ancient Roman politician during the Late Republic. Julius Caesar and Quintus Caecilius Metellus Nepos (consul 57 BC) are 100 BC births, 1st-century BC Roman consuls and Roman Republican praetors.

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Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius

Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius (– 63 BC) was a general and statesman of the Roman Republic. Julius Caesar and Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius are 1st-century BC Roman consuls, ancient Roman triumphators, pontifices maximi of the Roman Republic and Roman governors of Hispania.

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Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio

Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio (c. 95 – 46 BC), often referred to as Metellus Scipio, was a Roman senator and military commander. Julius Caesar and Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio are 1st-century BC Roman consuls and Roman Republican praetors.

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Quintus Fufius Calenus

Quintus Fufius Calenus (died 40 BC) was a Roman Republican politician and general. Julius Caesar and Quintus Fufius Calenus are 1st-century BC Roman consuls and Roman people of the Gallic Wars.

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Quintus Lutatius Catulus Capitolinus

Quintus Lutatius Catulus Capitolinus (c. 121 – 61 BC) was a politician in the late Roman Republic. Julius Caesar and Quintus Lutatius Catulus Capitolinus are 1st-century BC Roman consuls.

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Quintus Minucius Thermus (governor of Asia)

Quintus Minucius Thermus (74–43 BC) was a Roman politician. Julius Caesar and Quintus Minucius Thermus (governor of Asia) are Roman Republican praetors.

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Rauraci

The Rauraci or Raurici were a small Gallic tribe dwelling in the Upper Rhine region, around the present-day city of Basel, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

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Render unto Caesar

"Render unto Caesar" is the beginning of a phrase attributed to Jesus in the synoptic gospels, which reads in full, "Render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and unto God the things that are God's" (Ἀπόδοτε οὖν τὰ Καίσαρος Καίσαρι καὶ τὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ τῷ Θεῷ).

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Roman army

The Roman army (Latin: exercitus Romanus) was the armed forces deployed by the Romans throughout the duration of Ancient Rome, from the Roman Kingdom (753 BC–509 BC) to the Roman Republic (509 BC–27 BC) and the Roman Empire (27 BC–476 AD), and its medieval continuation, the Eastern Roman Empire.

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Roman calendar

The Roman calendar was the calendar used by the Roman Kingdom and Roman Republic.

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Roman censor

The censor was a magistrate in ancient Rome who was responsible for maintaining the census, supervising public morality, and overseeing certain aspects of the government's finances.

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Roman citizenship

Citizenship in ancient Rome (civitas) was a privileged political and legal status afforded to free individuals with respect to laws, property, and governance.

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Roman consul

A consul was the highest elected public official of the Roman Republic (to 27 BC).

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Roman dictator

A Roman dictator was an extraordinary magistrate in the Roman Republic endowed with full authority to resolve some specific problem to which he had been assigned. Julius Caesar and Roman dictator are ancient Roman dictators.

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Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.

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Roman Forum

The Roman Forum, also known by its Latin name Forum Romanum (Foro Romano), is a rectangular forum (plaza) surrounded by the ruins of several important ancient government buildings at the centre of the city of Rome.

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Roman historiography

Roman historiography stretches back to at least the 3rd century BC and was indebted to earlier Greek historiography.

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Roman people

The Roman people was the body of Roman citizens (Rōmānī; Ῥωμαῖοι) during the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire.

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Roman Republic

The Roman Republic (Res publica Romana) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire following the War of Actium.

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Roman Senate

The Roman Senate (Senātus Rōmānus) was the highest and constituting assembly of ancient Rome and its aristocracy.

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Roman tribe

A tribus, or tribe, was a division of the Roman people for military, censorial, and voting purposes.

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Romance languages

The Romance languages, also known as the Latin or Neo-Latin languages, are the languages that are directly descended from Vulgar Latin.

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Sallust

Gaius Sallustius Crispus, usually anglicised as Sallust (86 –), was a historian and politician of the Roman Republic from a plebeian family. Julius Caesar and Sallust are 1st-century BC historians and Golden Age Latin writers.

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Second Macedonian War

The Second Macedonian War (200–197 BC) was fought between Macedon, led by Philip V of Macedon, and Rome, allied with Pergamon and Rhodes.

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Second Punic War

The Second Punic War (218 to 201 BC) was the second of three wars fought between Carthage and Rome, the two main powers of the western Mediterranean in the 3rd century BC.

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Second Triumvirate

The Second Triumvirate was an extraordinary commission and magistracy created for Mark Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian to give them practically absolute power.

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Senatus consultum ultimum

The senatus consultum ultimum ("final decree of the Senate", often abbreviated to SCU) is the modern term given to resolutions of the Roman Senate lending its moral support for magistrates to use the full extent of their powers and ignore the laws to safeguard the state.

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Sertorian War

The Sertorian War was a civil war fought from 80 to 72 BC between two Roman factions, one led by Quintus Sertorius and another led by the senate as constituted in the aftermath of Sulla's civil war.

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Servilia (mother of Brutus)

Servilia (100 BC – after 42 BC) was a Roman matron from a distinguished family, the Servilii Caepiones.

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Servius Sulpicius Galba (praetor 54 BC)

Servius Sulpicius Galba was a Roman general and politician, praetor in 54 BC, and an assassin of Julius Caesar. Julius Caesar and Servius Sulpicius Galba (praetor 54 BC) are 1st-century BC Roman augurs and correspondents of Cicero.

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Sestertius

The sestertius (sestertii) or sesterce (sesterces) was an ancient Roman coin.

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Sextus Julius Caesar (consul 157 BC)

Sextus Julius Caesar was a Roman statesman, and the first member of the Julii Caesares to hold the consulship, which he attained in 157 BC. Julius Caesar and Sextus Julius Caesar (consul 157 BC) are Curule aediles and Julii Caesares.

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Sextus Julius Caesar (consul 91 BC)

Sextus Julius Caesar was a Roman statesman, who held the consulship in 91 BC. Julius Caesar and Sextus Julius Caesar (consul 91 BC) are 1st-century BC Roman consuls, Julii Caesares and Roman Republican praetors.

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Sextus Pompey

Sextus Pompeius Magnus Pius (67 – 35 BC), also known in English as Sextus Pompey, was a Roman military leader who, throughout his life, upheld the cause of his father, Pompey the Great, against Julius Caesar and his supporters during the last civil wars of the Roman Republic. Julius Caesar and Sextus Pompey are Roman Republican generals and Roman governors of Hispania.

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Sexuality in ancient Rome

Sexual attitudes and behaviors in ancient Rome are indicated by art, literature, and inscriptions, and to a lesser extent by archaeological remains such as erotic artifacts and architecture.

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Siege of Alexandria (47 BC)

The siege of Alexandria was a series of skirmishes and battles occurring between the forces of Julius Caesar, Cleopatra VII, Arsinoe IV, and Ptolemy XIII, between 48 and 47 BC. Julius Caesar and siege of Alexandria (47 BC) are Cleopatra.

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Siege of Mytilene (81 BC)

The siege of Mytilene was a military investment of the city of Mytilene on the island of Lesbos in 81 BC.

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Siege of Uxellodunum

The siege of Uxellodunum was one of the last battles of the Gallic Wars.

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Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha

Simeon Borisov Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (translit,; born 16 June 1937) is a Bulgarian politician who reigned as the last tsar of the Kingdom of Bulgaria as Simeon II from 1943 until 1946.

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Slavic languages

The Slavic languages, also known as the Slavonic languages, are Indo-European languages spoken primarily by the Slavic peoples and their descendants.

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Social order

The term social order can be used in two senses: In the first sense, it refers to a particular system of social structures and institutions.

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Spain

Spain, formally the Kingdom of Spain, is a country located in Southwestern Europe, with parts of its territory in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Africa.

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Spartacus

Spartacus (Spártakos; Spartacus) was a Thracian gladiator (Thraex) who was one of the escaped slave leaders in the Third Servile War, a major slave uprising against the Roman Republic.

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Stab wound

A stab wound is a specific form of penetrating trauma to the skin that results from a knife or a similar pointed object.

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Suburra

The Suburra, or Subura (from the latin Subura) was a vast and populous neighborhood of Ancient Rome, located below the Murus Terreus on the Carinae and stretching on the slopes of the Quirinal and Viminal hills up to the offshoots of the Esquiline (Oppian, Cispian and Fagutal hills).

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Suebi

The Suebi (also spelled Suevi) or Suebians were a large group of Germanic peoples originally from the Elbe river region in what is now Germany and the Czech Republic.

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Suetonius

Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, commonly referred to as Suetonius (– after AD 122), was a Roman historian who wrote during the early Imperial era of the Roman Empire.

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Suleiman the Magnificent

Suleiman I (Süleyman-ı Evvel; I.,; 6 November 14946 September 1566), commonly known as Suleiman the Magnificent in Western Europe and Suleiman the Lawgiver (Ḳānūnī Sulṭān Süleymān) in his Ottoman realm, was the longest-reigning sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 until his death in 1566.

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Sulla

Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (138–78 BC), commonly known as Sulla, was a Roman general and statesman. Julius Caesar and Sulla are 1st-century BC Roman augurs, 1st-century BC Roman consuls, ancient Roman dictators, ancient Roman triumphators, Memoirists, Roman Republican generals and Roman governors of Hispania.

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Sulla's civil war

The Sulla's civil war was fought between the Roman general Lucius Cornelius Sulla and his opponents, the Cinna-Marius faction (usually called the Marians or the Cinnans after their former leaders Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Cinna), in the years 83–82 BC.

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Sulla's proscription

The proscription of Sulla was a reprisal campaign by the Roman proconsul and later dictator, Lucius Cornelius Sulla, to eliminate his enemies in the aftermath of his victory in the civil war of 83–82 BC.

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Synonym

A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language.

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Talent (measurement)

The talent (Ancient Greek: τάλαντον, talanton, Latin talentum) was a unit of weight used in the ancient world, often used for weighing gold and silver, but also mentioned in connection with other metals, ivory, and frankincense.

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Temple of Caesar

The Temple of Caesar or Temple of Divus Iulius (Aedes Divi Iuli; Tempio del Divo Giulio), also known as Temple of the Deified Julius Caesar, delubrum, heroon or Temple of the Comet Star,Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia, 2.93–94 is an ancient structure in the Roman Forum of Rome, Italy, located near the Regia and the Temple of Vesta.

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Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus

The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, also known as the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus (Aedes Iovis Optimi Maximi Capitolini; Tempio di Giove Ottimo Massimo), was the most important temple in Ancient Rome, located on the Capitoline Hill.

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Temple of Venus Genetrix

The Temple of Venus Genetrix (Latin: Templum Veneris Genetricis) is a ruined temple in the Forum of Caesar, Rome, dedicated to the Roman goddess Venus Genetrix, the founding goddess of the Julian gens.

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Text corpus

In linguistics and natural language processing, a corpus (corpora) or text corpus is a dataset, consisting of natively digital and older, digitalized, language resources, either annotated or unannotated.

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Thapsus

Thapsus, also known as Tampsus and as Thapsus Minor to distinguish it from Thapsus in Sicily, was a Carthaginian and Roman port near present-day Bekalta, Tunisia.

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Theatre of Pompey

The Theatre of Pompey (Theatrum Pompeii, Teatro di Pompeo), also known by other names, was a structure in Ancient Rome built during the latter part of the Roman Republican era by Pompey the Great.

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Third Mithridatic War

The Third Mithridatic War (73–63 BC), the last and longest of the three Mithridatic Wars, was fought between Mithridates VI of Pontus and the Roman Republic.

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Third Servile War

The Third Servile War, also called the Gladiator War and the War of Spartacus by Plutarch, was the last in a series of slave rebellions against the Roman Republic known as the Servile Wars.

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Tiber Island

Tiber Island (Isola Tiberina, Latin: Insula Tiberina) is the only river island in the part of the Tiber which runs through Rome.

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Tillius Cimber

Lucius Tillius Cimber (died 42 BC) was a Roman senator.

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Titus Labienus

Titus Labienus (c. 10017 March 45 BC) was a high-ranking military officer in the late Roman Republic. Julius Caesar and Titus Labienus are 100 BC births, Roman Republican generals, Roman Republican praetors, Roman governors of Hispania and Roman people of the Gallic Wars.

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Titus Quinctius Flamininus

Titus Quinctius Flamininus (229 – 174 BC) was a Roman politician and general instrumental in the Roman conquest of Greece. Julius Caesar and Titus Quinctius Flamininus are ancient Roman triumphators and Roman Republican generals.

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Tribal assembly

The Tribal Assembly (Comitia (Populi) Tributa) was an assembly consisting of all Roman citizens convened by tribes (tribus).

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Tribune of the plebs

Tribune of the plebs, tribune of the people or plebeian tribune (tribunus plebis) was the first office of the Roman state that was open to the plebeians, and was, throughout the history of the Republic, the most important check on the power of the Roman Senate and magistrates.

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Tsar

Tsar (also spelled czar, tzar, or csar; tsar; tsar'; car) is a title historically used by Slavic monarchs.

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Tulingi

The Tulingi were a small tribe closely allied to the Celtic Helvetii in the time of Julius Caesar's conquest of Gaul.

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Tullus Hostilius

Tullus Hostilius (r. 672–640 BC) was the legendary third king of Rome. Julius Caesar and Tullus Hostilius are characters in Book VI of the Aeneid.

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Tunisia

Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is the northernmost country in Africa.

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Turkey

Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.

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Tusculum portrait

The Tusculum portrait, also called the Tusculum bust, is the only extant portrait of Julius Caesar which may have been made during his lifetime.

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University of Oklahoma Press

The University of Oklahoma Press (OU Press) is the publishing arm of the University of Oklahoma.

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Vayrac

Vayrac (Vairac) is a commune in the Lot department in south-western France.

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Velleius Paterculus

Marcus Velleius Paterculus was a Roman historian, soldier and senator.

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Veneti (Gaul)

The Venetī (Gaulish: Uenetoi) were a Gallic tribe dwelling in Armorica, in the southern part of the Brittany Peninsula, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

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Veni, vidi, vici

Veni, vidi, vici ("I came; I saw; I conquered") is a Latin phrase used to refer to a swift, conclusive victory.

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Vercingetorix

Vercingetorix (Οὐερκιγγετόριξ; – 46 BC) was a Gallic king and chieftain of the Arverni tribe who united the Gauls in a failed revolt against Roman forces during the last phase of Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars.

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Vestal Virgin

In ancient Rome, the Vestal Virgins or Vestals (Vestālēs, singular Vestālis) were priestesses of Vesta, virgin goddess of Rome's sacred hearth and its flame.

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Viromandui

The Viromanduī or Veromanduī (Gaulish: *Uiromanduoi) were a Belgic tribe dwelling in the modern Vermandois region (Picardy) during the Iron Age and Roman periods.

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Vulgar Latin

Vulgar Latin, also known as Popular or Colloquial Latin, is the range of non-formal registers of Latin spoken from the Late Roman Republic onward.

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War of Actium

The War of Actium (32–30 BC) was the last civil war of the Roman Republic, fought between Mark Antony (assisted by Cleopatra and by extension Ptolemaic Egypt) and Octavian. Julius Caesar and war of Actium are Cleopatra.

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War of Mutina

The War of Mutina (December 44 – April 43 BC; also called the Mutina war) was a civil war between the Roman Senate and Mark Antony in Northern Italy.

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Wiley (publisher)

John Wiley & Sons, Inc., commonly known as Wiley, is an American multinational publishing company that focuses on academic publishing and instructional materials.

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Yale University Press

Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University.

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Zile

Zile, anciently known as Zela (Ζῆλα) (still as Latin Catholic titular see), is a city in Tokat Province, Turkey.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar

Also known as C. Iulius Caesar, C. Julius Caesar, CAIVS IVLIVS CAESAR, Caesar, Caesar Dictator, Caesar complex, Caesar the Dictator, Caesar, Julius, Caesars death, Caius Iulius Caesar, Caius Julius Caesar, Dictatorship of Julius Caesar, Divus Iulius, Funeral of Julius Caesar, GAIVS IVLIVS CAESAR, Gaius Iulius Caesar, Gaius Julius Caesar, Gaius Julius Caesar (grandfather of the dictator), Gaius Julius Caesar (praetor), Gayus Julius Caesar, Giulius Caesar, Guy Julius Caesar, I am the republic, IVLIVS CAESAR, Iulius Caesar, Julias ceaser, Julious caesar, Julis Caesar, Julius Caesar (Roman), Julius Caesar Assassination plot, Julius Caeser, Julius Caesra, Julius Ceasar, Julius Ceaser, Julius Cesar, Julius Gaius Caesar, Juluis Cesar, Literary works of Julius Caesar, Political career of Julius Caesar, Wives of Julius Caesar.

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Lucceius, Lucius Minucius Basilus, Lucullus, Ludi, Lupercalia, Lusitanians, Magister equitum, Mamurra, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (consul 78 BC), Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, Marcus Claudius Marcellus (consul 51 BC), Marcus Junius Brutus, Marcus Licinius Crassus, Marcus Minucius Thermus, Marcus Terentius Varro, Mark Antony, Marriage in ancient Rome, Mauretania, Menander, Military, Military tribune, Mithridates II of the Bosporus, Napoleon, Napoleon III, National Archaeological Museum, Naples, Natural History (Pliny), Nervii, Neurocysticercosis, Nicolaus of Damascus, Nicomedes IV of Bithynia, Nile, No quarter, Numidia, Old Church Slavonic, Old Dutch, Old English, Old High German, Old Norse, Old Saxon, Optimates and populares, Overthrow of the Roman monarchy, Palatalization (sound change), Parthian Empire, Patrician (ancient Rome), Pharnaces II of Pontus, Pharsalia, Pietas, Plato, Platonic Academy, Plosive, Plutarch, Poems by Julius Caesar, Political institutions of ancient Rome, Political strongman, Pomerium, Pompeia (wife of Caesar), Pompey, Pompey's eastern settlement, Pontifex maximus, Pontiff, Populism, Primary source, Prisoner's dilemma, Proconsul, Proscription, Ptolemaic Kingdom, Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator, Publius Clodius Pulcher, Publius Cornelius Dolabella (consul 44 BC), Publius Licinius Crassus Dives (consul 205 BC), Publius Servilius Casca, Publius Servilius Isauricus, Publius Servilius Rullus, Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus, Publius Vatinius, Quaestio perpetua, Queen of Bithynia, Quintus Caecilius Bassus, Quintus Caecilius Metellus Celer, Quintus Caecilius Metellus Nepos (consul 57 BC), Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius, Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio, Quintus Fufius Calenus, Quintus Lutatius Catulus Capitolinus, Quintus Minucius Thermus (governor of Asia), Rauraci, Render unto Caesar, Roman army, Roman calendar, Roman censor, Roman citizenship, Roman consul, Roman dictator, Roman Empire, Roman Forum, Roman historiography, Roman people, Roman Republic, Roman Senate, Roman tribe, Romance languages, Sallust, Second Macedonian War, Second Punic War, Second Triumvirate, Senatus consultum ultimum, Sertorian War, Servilia (mother of Brutus), Servius Sulpicius Galba (praetor 54 BC), Sestertius, Sextus Julius Caesar (consul 157 BC), Sextus Julius Caesar (consul 91 BC), Sextus Pompey, Sexuality in ancient Rome, Siege of Alexandria (47 BC), Siege of Mytilene (81 BC), Siege of Uxellodunum, Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Slavic languages, Social order, Spain, Spartacus, Stab wound, Suburra, Suebi, Suetonius, Suleiman the Magnificent, Sulla, Sulla's civil war, Sulla's proscription, Synonym, Talent (measurement), Temple of Caesar, Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, Temple of Venus Genetrix, Text corpus, Thapsus, Theatre of Pompey, Third Mithridatic War, Third Servile War, Tiber Island, Tillius Cimber, Titus Labienus, Titus Quinctius Flamininus, Tribal assembly, Tribune of the plebs, Tsar, Tulingi, Tullus Hostilius, Tunisia, Turkey, Tusculum portrait, University of Oklahoma Press, Vayrac, Velleius Paterculus, Veneti (Gaul), Veni, vidi, vici, Vercingetorix, Vestal Virgin, Viromandui, Vulgar Latin, War of Actium, War of Mutina, Wiley (publisher), Yale University Press, Zile.

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Julius Caesar

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