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218 relations: Agritourism, Albert Forster, Aleksander Majkowski, Alexander Hilferding, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Anna Anderson, Łeba, Żukowo, Barnim I, Duke of Pomerania, Belarusian language, Bogusław I, Duke of Pomerania, Book of Genesis, Brazil, Brunon Synak, Bytów, Canada, Catechism, Catholic Church, Chełmno, Chmielno, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Chojnice County, Christianity, Civic Platform, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Czech language, Czernina, Danuta Stenka, Dialect continuum, Donald Tusk, Duchy of Pomerania, East Pomeranian dialect, Easter, Electoral district, Embroidery, English language, Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski, Erich von Manstein, Ethnic group, Field marshal, Finnish language, Florian Ceynowa, Friedrich Lorentz, Günter Grass, Gdańsk, Gdynia, Generalfeldmarschall, Gerard Labuda, German language, Germans, Greater Poland, ..., Greater Poland uprising (1846), Haplogroup E-M215 (Y-DNA), Haplogroup I-M253, Haplogroup I-M438, Haplogroup J (Y-DNA), Haplogroup N-M231, Haplogroup Q-M242, Haplogroup R1a, Haplogroup R1b, Hieronim Derdowski, High German languages, Historical linguistics, History of Poland (1989–present), House of Griffins, Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup, Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup, Intangible cultural heritage, Invasion of Poland, Irving Park, Chicago, Jan Romuald Byzewski, Jan Trepczyk, Józef Borzyszkowski, Józef Kos, Jerzy Samp, Jerzy Treder, Jim Peplinski, Jones Island, Milwaukee, Juniperus communis, Kartuzy, Kartuzy County, Kashubia, Kashubian alphabet, Kashubian diaspora, Kashubian language, Kashubian studies, Kashubian-Pomeranian Association, Kashubians, Kaszëbskô Jednota, Königsberg, Kościerzyna, Kociewie, Krajna, Krzysztof Celestyn Mrongovius, Kulturkampf, Kuyavia, Lands of Schlawe and Stolp, Landtag, Lauenburg and Bütow Land, Lech Bądkowski, Lechitic languages, Lincoln Park, Chicago, Linia, Pomeranian Voivodeship, List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes, Low German, Low Prussian dialect, Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg, Madawaska Valley, Ontario, Marian Jeliński, Mark Lilla, Martin Luther, Matura, Mazovia, Member of Provincial Parliament (Ontario), Mestwin II, Duke of Pomerania, Michael Brüggemann, Middle Ages, Migration Period, Milwaukee, Napoleon, National identity, Nationalities Papers, Nazi Germany, Nazism, New Testament, Nobel Prize in Literature, Oder, Oder–Neisse line, Officer, Ostsiedlung, Palm Sunday, Pan-Slavism, Parliament of Poland, Partitions of Poland, Paul Breza, Paul Mattick, Paul Yakabuski, Pelplin, Piaśnica, PLOS One, Polabian language, Poland, Poles, Polish Americans, Polish Canadians, Polish Corridor, Polish diaspora, Polish language, Polish People's Republic, Pomerania, Pomerania during the Early Modern Age, Pomeranian language, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Pomeranians (Slavic tribe), Pomerelia, Pope Gregory IX, Pope John Paul II, Potsdam Agreement, Pottery, Protestantism, Province of Pomerania (1653–1815), Province of Pomerania (1815–1945), Prussia, Puck, Poland, Pussy willow, Reformation, Regional language, Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia, Renfrew County, Roman Catholic Diocese of Włocławek, Royal Prussia, Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Second Polish Republic, Sierakowice, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Silesians, Slovene language, Slovincian language, Smołdzino, Słupsk County, Society of Young Kashubians, Solidarity (Polish trade union), Sorbs, Soup, St. Josaphat Roman Catholic Church (Chicago), Stanisław Pestka, Starogard Gdański, State of the Teutonic Order, Stefan Ramułt, Stratum (linguistics), Swedish Crown, Swedish Pomerania, Swietopelk II, Duke of Pomerania, Synchrony and diachrony, Szemud, Szimón Krofey, Tczew, Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk), The Life and Adventures of Remus, Treaty of Versailles, Tuchola, Tuchola Forest, United States, Upper Canada, Vistula, Vistula delta Mennonites, Vistula Germans, Volksliste, Wawrzyniec Samp, Wejherowo, Wends, West Prussia, West Slavic languages, West Slavs, Western Pomerania, Wilno, Ontario, Winona, Minnesota, Wojciech Kasperski, Zdzisław Stieber, Zenon Kitowski, 1890. Expand index (168 more) »
Agritourism
Agritourism or agrotourism, as it is defined most broadly, involves any agriculturally based operation or activity that brings visitors to a farm or ranch.
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Albert Forster
Albert Maria Forster (26 July 1902 – 28 February 1952) was a Nazi German politician and war criminal.
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Aleksander Majkowski
Aleksander Majkowski (Aleksander Majkòwsczi; 17 July 1876 – 10 February 1938) was a Kashubian writer, poet, journalist, editor, activist, and physician.
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Alexander Hilferding
Alexander Hilferding (Александр Фёдорович Гильферди́нг; 14 July 1831 in Warsaw, Congress Poland – 2 July 1872 in Kargopol) was a Russian Empire linguist and folklorist of German descent who collected some 318 bylinas in the Russian North.
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American Journal of Physical Anthropology
The American Journal of Physical Anthropology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal and the official journal of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists.
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Anna Anderson
Anna Anderson (16 December 1896 – 12 February 1984) was the best known of several impostors who claimed to be Grand Duchess Anastasia of Russia.
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Łeba
Łeba (Kashubian/Pomeranian: Leba; Leba) is a town in the Pomeranian Voivodeship of Poland.
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Żukowo
Żukowo (Żukòwò, Zuckau, Sucovia) is a town in Kartuzy County, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship of northern Poland in the cultural region of Kashubia, with 6,236 inhabitants (2005).
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Barnim I, Duke of Pomerania
Barnim I the Good (– 13 November 1278) from the Griffin dynasty was a Duke of Pomerania (ducis Slauorum et Cassubie) from 1220 until his death.
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Belarusian language
Belarusian (беларуская мова) is an official language of Belarus, along with Russian, and is spoken abroad, mainly in Ukraine and Russia.
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Bogusław I, Duke of Pomerania
Bogusław I (also Bogislaw and Boguslaus; – 18 March 1187), a member of the House of Griffins, was Duke of Pomerania from 1156 until his death.
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Book of Genesis
The Book of Genesis (from the Latin Vulgate, in turn borrowed or transliterated from Greek "", meaning "Origin"; בְּרֵאשִׁית, "Bərēšīṯ", "In beginning") is the first book of the Hebrew Bible (the Tanakh) and the Old Testament.
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Brazil
Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.
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Brunon Synak
Brunon Synak (23 October 1943 – 18 December 2013) was a Polish sociologist, politician and local government activist.
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Bytów
Bytów (Bëtowò; Bütow is a town in the Gdańsk Pomerania region of northern Poland with 16,888 inhabitants (2004). Previously in Słupsk Voivodeship (1975–1998), it is the capital of Bytów County in Pomeranian Voivodeship (since 1999). The origins of Bytów can be traced back to the early Middle Ages when a fortified stronghold once stood near the town. Bytów was later mentioned, under the Latin name castrum nomine Bitom, by notable Gallus Anonymus in his Chronicles describing medieval Poland. In 1346 Bütow got German town law from the Teutonic Order. During the Thirteen Years' War (1454-1466), the town was the sight of heavy fighting and changed hands over time. Eventually, King Casimir IV Jagiellon granted the town to Eric II, Duke of Pomerania, as a perpetual fiefdom. After the Partitions of Poland, Bytów became part of German Prussia and remained in Germany until the end of World War II. At the final stages of the war, Bytów was the center of heavy artillery shelling initiated by the Red Army; as a result over 55% of buildings were destroyed. Throughout its whole history, Bytów was known to be a multicultural town inhabited by Kashubians, Poles, Germans and Jews. Since 2000 a bugle call is played during important events which taking place in the area. Bytów is a popular tourist destination in the region of Pomerania and is famous for its medieval Teutonic Castle built in the late 14th century.
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Canada
Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America.
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Catechism
A catechism (from κατηχέω, "to teach orally") is a summary or exposition of doctrine and serves as a learning introduction to the Sacraments traditionally used in catechesis, or Christian religious teaching of children and adult converts.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Chełmno
Chełmno (older Culm) is a town in northern Poland near the Vistula river with 20,000 inhabitants and the historical capital of Chełmno Land.
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Chmielno, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Chmielno (Cashubian Chmielno) is a village in Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Kashubia in northern Poland.
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Chojnice County
Chojnice County (powiat chojnicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland.
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Christianity
ChristianityFrom Ancient Greek Χριστός Khristós (Latinized as Christus), translating Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ, Māšîăḥ, meaning "the anointed one", with the Latin suffixes -ian and -itas.
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Civic Platform
Civic Platform (Platforma Obywatelska, PO)The party is officially the Civic Platform of the Republic of Poland (Platforma Obywatelska Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej).
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Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (Korona Królestwa Polskiego, Latin: Corona Regni Poloniae), commonly known as the Polish Crown or simply the Crown, is the common name for the historic (but unconsolidated) Late Middle Ages territorial possessions of the King of Poland, including Poland proper.
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Czech language
Czech (čeština), historically also Bohemian (lingua Bohemica in Latin), is a West Slavic language of the Czech–Slovak group.
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Czernina
Czernina (from czarny "black"; sometimes also Czarnina or Czarna polewka) is a Polish soup made of duck blood and clear poultry broth.
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Danuta Stenka
Danuta Stenka (born 10 October 1961 in Sierakowice, Poland) is a Polish actress.
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Dialect continuum
A dialect continuum or dialect chain is a spread of language varieties spoken across some geographical area such that neighbouring varieties differ only slightly, but the differences accumulate over distance so that widely separated varieties are not mutually intelligible.
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Donald Tusk
Donald Franciszek Tusk (Polish:; born 22 April 1957) is a Polish politician who has been the President of the European Council since 2014.
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Duchy of Pomerania
The Duchy of Pomerania (Herzogtum Pommern, Księstwo Pomorskie, 12th century – 1637) was a duchy in Pomerania on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, ruled by dukes of the House of Pomerania (Griffins).
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East Pomeranian dialect
East Pomeranian (Ostpommersch) is an East Low German dialect that is either moribund or used to be spoken in what was roughly Pomerania (now Northwestern Poland; previously part of Germany until the end of World War II) and today is also spoken in Brazil.
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Easter
Easter,Traditional names for the feast in English are "Easter Day", as in the Book of Common Prayer, "Easter Sunday", used by James Ussher and Samuel Pepys and plain "Easter", as in books printed in,, also called Pascha (Greek, Latin) or Resurrection Sunday, is a festival and holiday celebrating the resurrection of Jesus from the dead, described in the New Testament as having occurred on the third day of his burial after his crucifixion by the Romans at Calvary 30 AD.
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Electoral district
An electoral district, (election) precinct, election district, or legislative district, called a voting district by the US Census (also known as a constituency, riding, ward, division, electoral area, or electorate) is a territorial subdivision for electing members to a legislative body.
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Embroidery
Embroidery is the craft of decorating fabric or other materials using a needle to apply thread or yarn.
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English language
English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.
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Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski (1 March 1899 – 8 March 1972) was a high-ranking SS commander of Nazi Germany.
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Erich von Manstein
Erich von Manstein (24 November 1887 – 9 June 1973) was a German commander of the Wehrmacht, Nazi Germany's armed forces during the Second World War.
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Ethnic group
An ethnic group, or an ethnicity, is a category of people who identify with each other based on similarities such as common ancestry, language, history, society, culture or nation.
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Field marshal
Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is a very senior military rank, ordinarily senior to the general officer ranks.
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Finnish language
Finnish (or suomen kieli) is a Finnic language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns outside Finland.
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Florian Ceynowa
Florian Ceynowa (Kashubian Florión Cenôwa) (May 4, 1817 – March 26, 1881) was a doctor, political activist, writer, and linguist.
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Friedrich Lorentz
Friedrich Lorentz (18 December 1870, Güstrow – 29 March 1937) was a German historian.
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Günter Grass
Günter Wilhelm Grass (16 October 1927 – 13 April 2015) was a German novelist, poet, playwright, illustrator, graphic artist, sculptor, and recipient of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Literature.
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Gdańsk
Gdańsk (Danzig) is a Polish city on the Baltic coast.
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Gdynia
Gdynia (Gdingen, Gdiniô) is a city in the Pomeranian Voivodeship of Poland and a seaport of Gdańsk Bay on the south coast of the Baltic Sea.
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Generalfeldmarschall
Generalfeldmarschall (general field marshal, field marshal general, or field marshal;; abbreviated to Feldmarschall) was a rank in the armies of several German states and the Holy Roman Empire; in the Habsburg Monarchy, the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary, the rank Feldmarschall was used.
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Gerard Labuda
Gerard Labuda (Gerard Labùda; 28 December 1916 – 1 October 2010) was a Polish historian whose main fields of interest were the Middle Ages and the Western Slavs.
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German language
German (Deutsch) is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe.
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Germans
Germans (Deutsche) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe, who share a common German ancestry, culture and history.
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Greater Poland
Greater Poland, often known by its Polish name Wielkopolska (Großpolen; Latin: Polonia Maior), is a historical region of west-central Poland.
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Greater Poland uprising (1846)
The 1846 Wielkopolska uprising (powstanie wielkopolskie 1846 roku) was a planned military insurrection by Poles in the land of Greater Poland against the Prussian forces, designed to be part of a general Polish uprising in all three partitions of Poland, against the Russians, Austrians and Prussians.
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Haplogroup E-M215 (Y-DNA)
E-M215, also known as E1b1b and formerly E3b, is a major human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.
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Haplogroup I-M253
Haplogroup I-M253, also known as I1, is a Y chromosome haplogroup.
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Haplogroup I-M438
Haplogroup I-M438, also known as I2 (and until 2007 as I1b), is a human DNA Y-chromosome haplogroup, a subclade of Haplogroup I-M170.
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Haplogroup J (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup J-M304, also known as J, (2 February 2016).
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Haplogroup N-M231
Haplogroup N (M231) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup defined by the presence of the SNP marker M231.
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Haplogroup Q-M242
Haplogroup Q or Q-M242 is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It has one primary subclade, Haplogroup Q1 (L232/S432), which includes numerous subclades that have been sampled and identified in males among modern populations. Q-M242 is the predominant Y-DNA haplogroup among Native Americans and several peoples of Central Asia and Northern Siberia. It is also the predominant Y-DNA of the Akha tribe in northern Thailand and the Dayak people of Indonesia.
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Haplogroup R1a
Haplogroup R1a, or haplogroup R-M420, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup which is distributed in a large region in Eurasia, extending from Scandinavia and Central Europe to southern Siberia and South Asia.
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Haplogroup R1b
Haplogroup R1b (R-M343), also known as Hg1 and Eu18, is a human Y-chromosome haplogroup.
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Hieronim Derdowski
Hieronim Derdowski (March 9, 1852, Wiele, Pomeranian Voivodeship, German Empire – August 13, 1902, Winona, Minnesota, America) (Kashubian Hieronim Derdowsczi or Jarosz Derdowsczi), Kashubian-Polish intellectual and activist, was born to Kashubian parents in the Pomeranian village of Wiele.
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High German languages
The High German languages or High German dialects (hochdeutsche Mundarten) comprise the varieties of German spoken south of the Benrath and Uerdingen isoglosses in central and southern Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, and Luxembourg, as well as in neighboring portions of France (Alsace and northern Lorraine), Italy (South Tyrol), the Czech Republic (Bohemia), and Poland (Upper Silesia).
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Historical linguistics
Historical linguistics, also called diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of language change over time.
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History of Poland (1989–present)
In 1989–1991, Poland engaged in a democratic transition which put an end to the Polish People's Republic and led to the foundation of a democratic government, known as the Third Polish Republic (following the First and Second Polish Republics).
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House of Griffins
The House of Griffins or House of Pomerania (Greifen; Gryfici), also known as House of Greifen, was a dynasty of dukes ruling the Duchy of Pomerania from the 12th century until 1637.
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Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
In human genetics, a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by differences in human mitochondrial DNA.
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Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
In human genetics, a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by mutations in the non-recombining portions of DNA from the Y-chromosome (called Y-DNA).
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Intangible cultural heritage
An intangible cultural heritage (ICH) is a practice, representation, expression, knowledge, or skill, as well as the instruments, objects, artefacts, and cultural spaces that are considered by UNESCO to be part of a place's cultural heritage.
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Invasion of Poland
The Invasion of Poland, known in Poland as the September Campaign (Kampania wrześniowa) or the 1939 Defensive War (Wojna obronna 1939 roku), and in Germany as the Poland Campaign (Polenfeldzug) or Fall Weiss ("Case White"), was a joint invasion of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, the Free City of Danzig, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the beginning of World War II.
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Irving Park, Chicago
Irving Park is one of 77 officially designated Chicago community areas located on the Northwest Side.
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Jan Romuald Byzewski
Jan Romuald Byzewski, better known in America as Father Romuald Byzewski, was born in the Kaszubian village of Karwia, in the Prussian jurisdiction of Danzig (Gdansk), on Oct.
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Jan Trepczyk
Jan Trepczyk (Kashubian: Jan Trepczik; 22 October 1907 in Strysza Buda, Kartuzy – 3 September 1989, in Wejherowo, Poland) was one of the most accomplished Kashubian poets, and also a songwriter, a Kashubian ideologist, lexicographer, and teacher.
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Józef Borzyszkowski
Józef Borzyszkowski (born February 6, 1946, Karsin) is a prolific Polish historian,Marcin Pacyno, "Borowy Młyn.
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Józef Kos
Józef Kos (27 September 1900 in Bącz – 5 April 2007 in Sierakowice) was one of the last surviving veterans of the First World War and one of the oldest people in Poland at the time of his death.
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Jerzy Samp
Jerzy Samp (23 March 1951 in Gdańsk – 16 February 2015) was a Polish writer, publicist and historian of the literature and culture of Pomerania and especially of the Kashubian literature.
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Jerzy Treder
Jerzy Treder (14 April 1942 – 2 April 2015) was a Polish philologist and linguist, focusing on Kashubian studies, among other interests.
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Jim Peplinski
James Desmond Peplinski (born October 24, 1960 in Renfrew, Ontario) is a Canadian former National Hockey League (NHL) player and captain for the Calgary Flames.
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Jones Island, Milwaukee
Jones Island is an industrialized peninsula in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
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Juniperus communis
Juniperus communis, the common juniper, is a species of conifer in the genus Juniperus, in the family Cupressaceae.
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Kartuzy
Kartuzy) (Cashubian Kartuzë, Kartëzë, Kartuzé),(Karthaus) is a town in the historic Eastern Pomerania (Pomerelia) region of northwestern Poland. Previously in Gdańsk Voivodeship from 1975 to 1998, Kartuzy since 1999 is the capital of Kartuzy County in Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999.
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Kartuzy County
Kartuzy County (kartësczi pòwiat, powiat kartuski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland.
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Kashubia
Kashubia or Cassubia (Kaszëbë, Kaszuby, Kaschubei, Kaschubien) is a language area in the historic Eastern Pomerania (Pomerelia) region of northwestern Poland.
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Kashubian alphabet
The Kashubian or Cassubian alphabet (kaszëbsczi alfabét, kaszëbsczé abecadło) is the script of the Kashubian language, based on the Latin alphabet.
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Kashubian diaspora
The Kashubian diaspora resulted from the emigration of Kashubians, in two waves occurring in the second half of the 19th century.
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Kashubian language
Kashubian or Cassubian (Kashubian: kaszëbsczi jãzëk, pòmòrsczi jãzëk, kaszëbskò-słowińskô mòwa; język kaszubski, język pomorski, język kaszubsko-słowiński) is a West Slavic language belonging to the Lechitic subgroup along with Polish and Silesian.
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Kashubian studies
Kashubian studies, a branch of Slavic studies, is a philological discipline researching the language, literature, culture, and history of the Kashubians.
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Kashubian-Pomeranian Association
The Kashubian-Pomeranian Association (Kashubian-Pomeranian: Kaszëbskò-Pòmòrsczé Zrzeszenié, Polish: Zrzeszenie Kaszubsko-Pomorskie) is a regional non-governmental organization of Kashubians (Pomeranians), Kociewiacy and other people interested in the regional affairs of Kashubia and Pomerania in northern Poland.
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Kashubians
The Kashubs (Kaszëbi; Kaszubi; Kaschuben; also spelled Kaszubians, Kassubians, Cassubians, Cashubes, and Kashubians, and formerly known as Kashubes) are a West Slavic ethnic group in Pomerelia, north-central Poland.
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Kaszëbskô Jednota
Kaszëbskô Jednota is an association of people who want to actively participate in the life of the Kashubian nation and who recognize its right to cultural autonomy and self-identity within the Republic of Poland.
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Königsberg
Königsberg is the name for a former German city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia.
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Kościerzyna
Kościerzyna (Kashubian/Pomeranian: Kòscérzëna, former) is a town in Kashubia in Gdańsk Pomerania region, northern Poland, with some 24,000 inhabitants.
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Kociewie
Kociewie is an ethnocultural region in the eastern part of Tuchola Forest, in northern Poland, Pomerania, south of Gdańsk.
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Krajna
Krajna is a forested historical region in Poland, situated in the border area between the Greater Poland, Kuyavian-Pomeranian and Pomeranian Voivodeships.
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Krzysztof Celestyn Mrongovius
Krzysztof Celestyn Mrongovius (Christoph Cölestin Mrongovius; Krzysztof Celestyn Mrongowiusz.) (July 19, 1764 – June 3, 1855) was a Protestant pastor, writer, philosopher, distinguished linguist, and translator.
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Kulturkampf
Kulturkampf ("culture struggle") is a German term referring to power struggles between emerging constitutional democratic nation states and the Roman Catholic Church over the place and role of religion in modern polity, usually in connection with secularization campaigns.
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Kuyavia
Kuyavia (Kujawy, Kujawien, Cuiavia), also referred to as Cuyavia, is a historical region in north-central Poland, situated on the left bank of Vistula, as well as east from Noteć River and Lake Gopło.
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Lands of Schlawe and Stolp
The Lands of Schlawe and Stolp (Länder Schlawe und Stolp) or Land of Słupsk-Sławno (Ziemia Słupsko-Sławieńska) are a historical region in Pomerania, centered on the towns of Sławno (Schlawe) and Słupsk (Stolp) in Farther Pomerania, in present-day Poland.
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Landtag
A Landtag (State Diet) is a representative assembly (parliament) in German-speaking countries with legislative authority and competence over a federated state (Land).
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Lauenburg and Bütow Land
Lauenburg and Bütow Land (Länder or italic, Lãbòrskò-bëtowskô Zemia, Ziemia lęborsko-bytowska) formed a historical region in eastern Pomerania.
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Lech Bądkowski
Lech Bądkowski (January 24, 1920 in Toruń, Poland – February 24, 1984 in Gdańsk) - Polish writer, journalist, publicist and Kashubian-Pomeranian activist, promoter of regional history and culture, co-founder and leader of the Kashubian-Pomeranian Association, opponent of the Communist rules in postwar Poland.
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Lechitic languages
The Lechitic (or Lekhitic) languages are a language subgroup consisting of Polish and several other languages and dialects that originally were spoken in the area.
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Lincoln Park, Chicago
Lincoln Park is a designated community area in North Side, Chicago, Illinois.
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Linia, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Linia (Lëniô, Linde) is a village in Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
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List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes
This is a list of the duchies and dukes of Pomerania.
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Low German
Low German or Low Saxon (Plattdütsch, Plattdüütsch, Plattdütsk, Plattduitsk, Nedersaksies; Plattdeutsch, Niederdeutsch; Nederduits) is a West Germanic language spoken mainly in northern Germany and the eastern part of the Netherlands.
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Low Prussian dialect
Low Prussian (Niederpreußisch), sometimes known simply as Prussian (Preußisch), is a moribund dialect of East Low German that developed in East Prussia.
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Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg
Johann David Ludwig Graf Yorck von Wartenburg (26 September 1759 – 4 October 1830) was a Prussian Generalfeldmarschall instrumental in the switching of the Kingdom of Prussia from a French alliance to a Russian alliance during the War of the Sixth Coalition.
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Madawaska Valley, Ontario
Madawaska Valley is a township in Renfrew County, Ontario, Canada.
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Marian Jeliński
Marian Jeliński (kashubian: Marión Jelińsczi) was born in Siemirowice (kashubian: Szëmrejce), in 1949.
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Mark Lilla
Mark Lilla (born 1956) is an American political scientist, historian of ideas, journalist, and professor of humanities at Columbia University in New York City.
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Martin Luther
Martin Luther, (10 November 1483 – 18 February 1546) was a German professor of theology, composer, priest, monk, and a seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation.
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Matura
Matura or its translated terms (Mature, Matur, Maturita, Maturità, Maturität, Maturité, Mатура) is a Latin name for the secondary school exit exam or "maturity diploma" in various countries, including Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland and Ukraine.
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Mazovia
Mazovia (Mazowsze) is a historical region (dzielnica) in mid-north-eastern Poland.
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Member of Provincial Parliament (Ontario)
A Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) is an elected member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario, Canada.
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Mestwin II, Duke of Pomerania
Mestwin II (Mściwój II or Mszczuj II) (1220 – December 25, 1294) was a Duke of Pomerelia, member of the Samborides dynasty.
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Michael Brüggemann
Michael Brüggeman(n) (1583, Stolp – 1654) was a German Lutheran pastor, preacher and translator living in the town of Schmolsin (Smołdzino), Duchy of Pomerania.
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Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.
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Migration Period
The Migration Period was a period during the decline of the Roman Empire around the 4th to 6th centuries AD in which there were widespread migrations of peoples within or into Europe, mostly into Roman territory, notably the Germanic tribes and the Huns.
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Milwaukee
Milwaukee is the largest city in the state of Wisconsin and the fifth-largest city in the Midwestern United States.
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Napoleon
Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.
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National identity
National identity is one's identity or sense of belonging to one state or to one nation.
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Nationalities Papers
Nationalities Papers is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Routledge for the Association for the Study of Nationalities.
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Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).
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Nazism
National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus), more commonly known as Nazism, is the ideology and practices associated with the Nazi Party – officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) – in Nazi Germany, and of other far-right groups with similar aims.
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New Testament
The New Testament (Ἡ Καινὴ Διαθήκη, trans. Hē Kainḕ Diathḗkē; Novum Testamentum) is the second part of the Christian biblical canon, the first part being the Old Testament, based on the Hebrew Bible.
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Nobel Prize in Literature
The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur) is a Swedish literature prize that has been awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction" (original Swedish: "den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framstående verket i en idealisk riktning").
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Oder
The Oder (Czech, Lower Sorbian and Odra, Oder, Upper Sorbian: Wódra) is a river in Central Europe.
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Oder–Neisse line
The Oder–Neisse line (granica na Odrze i Nysie Łużyckiej, Oder-Neiße-Grenze) is the international border between Germany and Poland.
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Officer
An officer is a person who has a position of authority in a hierarchical organization.
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Ostsiedlung
Ostsiedlung (literally east settling), in English called the German eastward expansion, was the medieval eastward migration and settlement of Germanic-speaking peoples from the Holy Roman Empire, especially its southern and western portions, into less-populated regions of Central Europe, parts of west Eastern Europe, and the Baltics.
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Palm Sunday
Palm Sunday is a Christian moveable feast that falls on the Sunday before Easter.
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Pan-Slavism
Pan-Slavism, a movement which crystallized in the mid-19th century, is the political ideology concerned with the advancement of integrity and unity for the Slavic-speaking peoples.
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Parliament of Poland
The parliament of Poland has an upper house, the Senate, and a lower house, the Sejm.
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Partitions of Poland
The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 123 years.
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Paul Breza
Paul Joseph Breza, Roman Catholic priest and Kashubian American activist, was born in Winona, Minnesota on June 23, 1937, the son of Joseph Peter and Alice Seraphine (Pehler) Breza, both of whom were descendants of Kashubian immigrants from Bytów, Poland.
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Paul Mattick
Paul Mattick, Sr. (March 13, 1904 – February 7, 1981) was a Marxist political writer and social revolutionary, whose thought can be placed within the council communist and left communist traditions.
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Paul Yakabuski
Paul Joseph Yakabuski (October 29, 1922 – July 31, 1987) was a politician in Ontario, Canada.
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Pelplin
Pelplin is a town in Tczew County, Pomeranian Voivodship, Poland.
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Piaśnica
The Piaśnica is a river in northern Poland, in Puck County near Gdańsk, in Pomeranian Voivodeship.
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PLOS One
PLOS One (stylized PLOS ONE, and formerly PLoS ONE) is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by the Public Library of Science (PLOS) since 2006.
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Polabian language
The Polabian language is an extinct West Slavic language that was spoken by the Polabian Slavs (Wenden) in present-day northeastern Germany around the Elbe (Labe in Slavic) river, from which derives its name ("po Labe" - on the Elbe).
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Poland
Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.
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Poles
The Poles (Polacy,; singular masculine: Polak, singular feminine: Polka), commonly referred to as the Polish people, are a nation and West Slavic ethnic group native to Poland in Central Europe who share a common ancestry, culture, history and are native speakers of the Polish language.
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Polish Americans
Polish Americans are Americans who have total or partial Polish ancestry.
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Polish Canadians
Polish Canadians are citizens of Canada with Polish ancestry, and Poles who immigrated to Canada from abroad.
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Polish Corridor
The Polish Corridor (Polnischer Korridor; Pomorze, Korytarz polski), also known as Danzig Corridor, Corridor to the Sea or Gdańsk Corridor, was a territory located in the region of Pomerelia (Pomeranian Voivodeship, eastern Pomerania, formerly part of West Prussia), which provided the Second Republic of Poland (1920–1939) with access to the Baltic Sea, thus dividing the bulk of Germany from the province of East Prussia.
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Polish diaspora
The Polish diaspora refers to Poles who live outside Poland.
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Polish language
Polish (język polski or simply polski) is a West Slavic language spoken primarily in Poland and is the native language of the Poles.
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Polish People's Republic
The Polish People's Republic (Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) covers the history of contemporary Poland between 1952 and 1990 under the Soviet-backed socialist government established after the Red Army's release of its territory from German occupation in World War II.
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Pomerania
Pomerania (Pomorze; German, Low German and North Germanic languages: Pommern; Kashubian: Pòmòrskô) is a historical region on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea in Central Europe, split between Germany and Poland.
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Pomerania during the Early Modern Age
Pomerania during the Early Modern Age covers the history of Pomerania in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries.
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Pomeranian language
The Pomeranian language (grupa pomorska języków lechickich, pomoranische Sprache) is a group of dialects from the Lechitic cluster of the West Slavic languages.
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Pomeranian Voivodeship
Pomeranian Voivodeship, Pomorskie Region, or Pomerania Province (in Polish województwo pomorskie, in Kashubian Pòmòrsczé wòjewództwò), is a voivodeship, or province, in north-western Poland.
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Pomeranians (Slavic tribe)
The Pomeranians (Pomoranen; Pòmòrzónie; Pomorzanie) were a group of West Slavic tribes who lived along the shore of the Baltic Sea between the mouths of the Oder and Vistula Rivers (the latter Farther Pomerania and Pomerelia).
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Pomerelia
Pomerelia (Pomerelia; Pomerellen, Pommerellen), also referred to as Eastern Pomerania (Pomorze Wschodnie) or as Gdańsk Pomerania (Pomorze Gdańskie), is a historical region in northern Poland.
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Pope Gregory IX
Pope Gregory IX Gregorius IX (born Ugolino di Conti; c. 1145 or before 1170 – 22 August 1241), was Pope from 19 March 1227 to his death in 1241.
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Pope John Paul II
Pope John Paul II (Ioannes Paulus II; Giovanni Paolo II; Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła;; 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) served as Pope and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 to 2005.
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Potsdam Agreement
The Potsdam Agreement (Potsdamer Abkommen) was the August 1945 agreement between three of the Allies of World War II, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union.
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Pottery
Pottery is the ceramic material which makes up pottery wares, of which major types include earthenware, stoneware and porcelain.
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Protestantism
Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively more than 900 million adherents worldwide or nearly 40% of all Christians.
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Province of Pomerania (1653–1815)
The Province of Pomerania was a province of Brandenburg-Prussia, the later Kingdom of Prussia.
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Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)
The Province of Pomerania (Provinz Pommern) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia from 1815 until 1945.
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Prussia
Prussia (Preußen) was a historically prominent German state that originated in 1525 with a duchy centred on the region of Prussia.
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Puck, Poland
Puck (Pùckò, Pùck, Pëck, Putzig, Puckas, Pucka) is a town in northwestern Poland with 11,350 inhabitants.
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Pussy willow
Pussy willow is a name given to many of the smaller species of the genus Salix (willows and sallows) when their furry catkins are young in early spring.
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Reformation
The Reformation (or, more fully, the Protestant Reformation; also, the European Reformation) was a schism in Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther and continued by Huldrych Zwingli, John Calvin and other Protestant Reformers in 16th century Europe.
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Regional language
A regional language is a language spoken in an area of a sovereign state, whether it be a small area, a federal state or province, or some wider area.
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Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia
The Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia (Reichsgau Danzig-Westpreussen) was a Nazi German province created on 8 October 1939 from annexed territory of the Free City of Danzig, the Greater Pomeranian Voivodship (Polish Corridor), and the ''Regierungsbezirk'' West Prussia of Gau East Prussia.
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Renfrew County
Renfrew County is a county in the Canadian province of Ontario.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Włocławek
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Włocławek Vladislavien(sis), until the 20th century known as the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kujawy, is a suffragan diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in the Ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gniezno in western Poland.
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Royal Prussia
Royal Prussia (Prusy Królewskie; Königlich-Preußen or Preußen Königlichen Anteils, Królewsczé Prësë) or Polish PrussiaAnton Friedrich Büsching, Patrick Murdoch.
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Second Peace of Thorn (1466)
The Peace of Thorn of 1466 (Zweiter Friede von Thorn; drugi pokój toruński) was a peace treaty signed in the Hanseatic city of Thorn (Toruń) on 19 October 1466 between the Polish king Casimir IV Jagiellon on one side, and the Teutonic Knights on the other.
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Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, commonly known as interwar Poland, refers to the country of Poland between the First and Second World Wars (1918–1939).
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Sierakowice, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Sierakowice (Serakòjce; Sierakowitz) is a village in Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Kashubia in northern Poland.
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Silesians
Silesians (Silesian: Ślůnzoki; Silesian German: Schläsinger; Ślązacy; Slezané; Schlesier) are the inhabitants of Silesia, a historical region in Central Europe divided by the current national boundaries of Poland, Germany and the Czech Republic.
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Slovene language
Slovene or Slovenian (slovenski jezik or slovenščina) belongs to the group of South Slavic languages.
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Slovincian language
Slovincian is the language formerly spoken by the Slovincians (Słowińcë, Słowińcy, Slowinzen, Lebakaschuben), a West Slavic tribe living between lakes Gardno and Łebsko near Słupsk in Pomerania.
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Smołdzino, Słupsk County
Smołdzino (Smôłdzëno, German Schmolsin) is a village in Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
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Society of Young Kashubians
The Society of Young Kashubians (Towarzëstwò Młodokaszëbów, Towarzystwo Młodokaszubów) was an association founded in 1912 in Gdańsk (Poland).
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Solidarity (Polish trade union)
Solidarity (Solidarność, pronounced; full name: Independent Self-governing Labour Union "Solidarity"—Niezależny Samorządny Związek Zawodowy „Solidarność”) is a Polish labour union that was founded on 17 September 1980 at the Lenin Shipyard under the leadership of Lech Wałęsa.
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Sorbs
Sorbs (Serbja, Serby, Sorben), known also by their former autonyms Lusatians and Wends, are a West Slavic ethnic group predominantly inhabiting their homeland in Lusatia, a region divided between Germany (the states of Saxony and Brandenburg) and Poland (the provinces of Lower Silesia and Lubusz).
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Soup
Soup is a primarily liquid food, generally served warm or hot (but may be cool or cold), that is made by combining ingredients of meat or vegetables with stock, juice, water, or another liquid.
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St. Josaphat Roman Catholic Church (Chicago)
St.
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Stanisław Pestka
Stanisław Pestka (April 8, 1929 – April 2, 2015) was a Kashubian poet.
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Starogard Gdański
Starogard Gdański (meaning approximately "the old stronghold"; Kashubian/Pomeranian: Starogarda; Preußisch Stargard) is a town in Eastern Pomerania in northwestern Poland with 48,328 inhabitants (2004).
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State of the Teutonic Order
The State of the Teutonic Order (Staat des Deutschen Ordens; Civitas Ordinis Theutonici), also called Deutschordensstaat or Ordensstaat in German, was a crusader state formed by the Teutonic Knights or Teutonic Order during the 13th century Northern Crusades along the Baltic Sea.
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Stefan Ramułt
Stefan Ramułt (December 22, 1859 – December 24, 1913) was a Polish scholar who specialized in the language and the culture of the Kashubians.
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Stratum (linguistics)
In linguistics, a stratum (Latin for "layer") or strate is a language that influences, or is influenced by another through contact.
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Swedish Crown
The Swedish Crown, also known as the "Purchased Crown", was a part of the Polish Crown Jewels.
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Swedish Pomerania
Swedish Pomerania (Svenska Pommern; Schwedisch-Pommern) was a Dominion under the Swedish Crown from 1630 to 1815, situated on what is now the Baltic coast of Germany and Poland.
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Swietopelk II, Duke of Pomerania
Swietopelk II, also Zwantepolc II or Swantopolk II, (1190/1200 – 11 January 1266), sometimes known as the Great (Świętopełk II Wielki; Kashubian: Swiãtopôłk II Wiôldżi), was ruling Duke of Pomerelia-Gdańsk from 1215 until his death.
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Synchrony and diachrony
Synchrony and diachrony are two different and complementary viewpoints in linguistic analysis.
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Szemud
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania Szemud (Schönwalde, Szëmôłd) is a village in Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
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Szimón Krofey
Szimón Krofey was born in 1545 in the Kashubian village of Dąbie, Gmina Bytów, Poland.
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Tczew
Tczew (Dërszewò) is a town on the Vistula River in Eastern Pomerania, Kociewie, northern Poland with 60,279 inhabitants (June 2009).
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Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk)
The city of Danzig (Gdańsk) was captured by the State of the Teutonic Order on 13 November 1308, resulting in a massacre of its inhabitants and marking the beginning of tensions between Poland and the Teutonic Order.
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The Life and Adventures of Remus
Life and Adventures of Remus - the Kashubian Mirror (Kashubian title Żëce i przigodë Remusa - Zvjercadło kaszubskji) is a novel written in the Kashubian language by Dr.
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Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles (Traité de Versailles) was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end.
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Tuchola
Tuchola (Tuchel; Tëchòlô) is a town in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship in northern Poland.
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Tuchola Forest
The Tuchola Forest, also known as Tuchola Pinewoods, (literal translation of Bory Tucholskie; Tëchòlsczé Bòrë; Tuchler or Tucheler Heide) is a large forest near the town of Tuchola (Tucheln) in northern Poland, which lies between the Brda and Wda Rivers.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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Upper Canada
The Province of Upper Canada (province du Haut-Canada) was a part of British Canada established in 1791 by the Kingdom of Great Britain, to govern the central third of the lands in British North America and to accommodate Loyalist refugees of the United States after the American Revolution.
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Vistula
The Vistula (Wisła, Weichsel,, ווייסל), Висла) is the longest and largest river in Poland, at in length. The drainage basin area of the Vistula is, of which lies within Poland (54% of its land area). The remainder is in Belarus, Ukraine and Slovakia. The Vistula rises at Barania Góra in the south of Poland, above sea level in the Silesian Beskids (western part of Carpathian Mountains), where it begins with the White Little Vistula (Biała Wisełka) and the Black Little Vistula (Czarna Wisełka). It then continues to flow over the vast Polish plains, passing several large Polish cities along its way, including Kraków, Sandomierz, Warsaw, Płock, Włocławek, Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Świecie, Grudziądz, Tczew and Gdańsk. It empties into the Vistula Lagoon (Zalew Wiślany) or directly into the Gdańsk Bay of the Baltic Sea with a delta and several branches (Leniwka, Przekop, Śmiała Wisła, Martwa Wisła, Nogat and Szkarpawa).
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Vistula delta Mennonites
Vistula delta Mennonites settled in the delta of the Vistula between the mid-16th century and 1945.
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Vistula Germans
Vistula Germans (Weichseldeutsche) are ethnic Germans who had settled in what became known after the 1863 Polish rebellion as the Vistula Territory.
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Volksliste
The Deutsche Volksliste (German People's List) was a Nazi Party institution whose purpose was the classification of inhabitants of German occupied territories into categories of desirability according to criteria systematized by Heinrich Himmler.
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Wawrzyniec Samp
Wawrzyniec Samp (born 25 June 1939) is a Polish sculptor and graphic artist.
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Wejherowo
Wejherowo (Wejrowò, Neustadt in Westpreußen) is a town in Gdańsk Pomerania, northern Poland, with 50,310 inhabitants (2012).
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Wends
Wends (Winedas, Old Norse: Vindr, Wenden, Winden, vendere, vender, Wendowie) is a historical name for Slavs living near Germanic settlement areas.
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West Prussia
The Province of West Prussia (Provinz Westpreußen; Zôpadné Prësë; Prusy Zachodnie) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1773 to 1824 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871); it also briefly formed part of the Weimar Republic's Free State of Prussia until 1919/20.
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West Slavic languages
The West Slavic languages are a subdivision of the Slavic language group.
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West Slavs
The West Slavs are a subgroup of Slavic peoples who speak the West Slavic languages.
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Western Pomerania
Western Pomerania, also called Cispomerania or Hither Pomerania (Vorpommern), is the western extremity of the historic region of the duchy, later Province of Pomerania, nowadays divided between the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Poland.
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Wilno, Ontario
The community of Wilno, Ontario is situated on the border of Killaloe, Hagarty and Richards and Madawaska Valley townships in Renfrew County, Ontario.
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Winona, Minnesota
Winona is a city in and the county seat of Winona County, in the state of Minnesota.
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Wojciech Kasperski
Wojciech Kasperski (born April 25, 1981) is a Polish screenwriter, film director and producer.
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Zdzisław Stieber
Zdzisław Stieber, (June 7, 1903 – October 12, 1980) was a Polish Slavic linguist.
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Zenon Kitowski
Zenon Kitowski (born 1962) is one of the most talented and recognized clarinet players of Poland.
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1890
No description.
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Redirects here:
Cashoubians, Cashoubs, Cashubia, Cassubians, Kaschuben, Kaschubians, Kashub, Kashubes, Kashubs, Kassubians, Kaszebi, Kaszub, Kaszubi, Kaszubians, Kaszubs, Kaszëbi, Polish Kashubians.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashubians
