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Kyiv

Index Kyiv

Kyiv (also Kiev) is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. [1]

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Table of Contents

  1. 639 relations: ABC-Clio, Academic library, Administrative divisions of Ukraine, Aerodrome, Aeros, Aesculus, Aesculus hippocastanum, Aircraft Repair Plant 410 (Kyiv), Alexander Macbean, Alexander Ostrowski, Alexander Tumansky, Alexander Vertinsky, Algirdas, Ana Layevska, André Grabar, Andreas Umland, Andrew the Apostle, Andrey Bogolyubsky, Andriivskyi Descent, Andriy Shevchenko, Ankara, Antarctica, Antonov, Antonov Serial Production Plant, Apartment, Armed Forces of Ukraine, Armenians, Arsenal Factory, Artemy Vedel, Ashgabat, Askold and Dir, Askold's Grave, Astana, Athens, Atlantic Council, Axis powers, Azerbaijanis, Babi Yar, Babi Yar memorials, Bakery, Baku, Bar, Ukraine, Battle of Blue Waters, Battle of Kiev (1941), Battle of Kiev (1943), Battle of Kyiv (2022), Battle on the Irpin River, Batu Khan, BC Budivelnyk, Beijing, ... Expand index (589 more) »

  2. 5th-century establishments
  3. Cities with special status in Ukraine
  4. Kiev Voivodeship
  5. Kievsky Uyezd
  6. Kyiv metropolitan area
  7. Magdeburg rights
  8. Oblast centers in Ukraine
  9. Populated places established in the 5th century

ABC-Clio

ABC-Clio, LLC (stylized ABC-CLIO) is an American publishing company for academic reference works and periodicals primarily on topics such as history and social sciences for educational and public library settings.

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Academic library

An academic library is a library that is attached to a higher education institution and serves two complementary purposes: to support the curriculum and the research of the university faculty and students.

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Administrative divisions of Ukraine

The administrative divisions of Ukraine (translit) are under the jurisdiction of the Ukrainian Constitution.

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Aerodrome

An aerodrome is a location from which aircraft flight operations take place, regardless of whether they involve air cargo, passengers, or neither, and regardless of whether it is for public or private use.

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Aeros

Aeros is a Ukrainian aircraft manufacturer founded by a group of ex-Antonov engineers in the early 1990s to build hang gliders.

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Aesculus

The genus Aesculus, with species called buckeye and horse chestnut, comprises 13–19 species of flowering plants in the family Sapindaceae.

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Aesculus hippocastanum

Aesculus hippocastanum, the horse chestnut, is a species of flowering plant in the maple, soapberry and lychee family Sapindaceae.

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Aircraft Repair Plant 410 (Kyiv)

Plant 410 Civil Aviation (Завод 410 цивільної авіації) is a Ukrainian aircraft services company, based in Kyiv adjacent to the Kyiv Zhuliany International Airport.

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Alexander Macbean

Alexander Macbean (died 1784) was a British writer and amanuensis, known as a lexicographer.

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Alexander Ostrowski

Alexander Markowich Ostrowski (Олександр Маркович Островський; Алекса́ндр Ма́ркович Остро́вский; 25 September 1893 – 20 November 1986) was a Russian mathematician.

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Alexander Tumansky

Tumanskiy, Aleksandr Grigorevich (Russian: Туманский, Александр Григорьевич) (1861–1920) was an orientalist, military interpreter, and Major General of the Imperial Russian Army, belonging to an ancient Ukrainian aristocratic family.

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Alexander Vertinsky

Alexander Nikolayevich Vertinsky (Александр Николаевич Вертинский, – May 21, 1957) was a Russian and Soviet artist, poet, singer, composer, cabaret artist and actor who exerted seminal influence on the Russian tradition of artistic singing.

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Algirdas

Algirdas (Alhierd; Olherd, Olgerd, Olgierd; – May 1377) was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1345 to 1377.

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Ana Layevska

Anna Sergeyevna Layevska (Anna Serhiyivna Layevsʹka, Anna Sergeyevna Layevskaya; born January 10, 1982), known as Ana Layevska, is a Ukrainian-born Mexican actress and singer.

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André Grabar

André Nicolaevitch Grabar (Андрей Николаевич Грабар; July 26, 1896 – October 5, 1990) was a historian of Romanesque art and the art of the Eastern Roman Empire and the Bulgarian Empire.

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Andreas Umland

Andreas Umland (born 1967) is a German political scientist studying contemporary Russian and Ukrainian history as well as regime transitions.

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Andrew the Apostle

Andrew the Apostle (Andréas; Andreas; אַנדּרֵאוָס; ʾAnd'raʾwās), also called Saint Andrew, was an apostle of Jesus.

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Andrey Bogolyubsky

Andrey Bogolyubsky (died 28 June 1174; Andrey Yuryevich Bogolyubsky, lit. Andrey Yuryevich of Bogolyubovo), was Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal from 1157 until his death.

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Andriivskyi Descent

Andriivskyi Descent or Andrew's Descent (Андріївський узвіз, Andriivs′kyi uzviz) is a historic descent connecting Kyiv's Upper Town neighborhood and the historically commercial Podil neighborhood.

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Andriy Shevchenko

Andriy Mykolayovych Shevchenko, or Andrii Mykolaiovych Shevchenko (Андрій Миколайович Шевченко,; born 29 September 1976) is a Ukrainian former professional football player and manager.

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Ankara

Ankara, historically known as Ancyra and Angora, is the capital of Turkey. Located in the central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5.1 million in its urban center and 5.8 million in Ankara Province, making it Turkey's second-largest city after Istanbul, but first by the urban area (4,130 km2).

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Antarctica

Antarctica is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent.

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Antonov

Antonov Company, formerly the Aeronautical Scientific-Technical Complex named after Antonov (Antonov ASTC), and earlier the Antonov Design Bureau, for its chief designer, Oleg Antonov, is a Ukrainian aircraft manufacturing and services company.

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Antonov Serial Production Plant

The Antonov Serial Production Plant (Серійний завод «Антонов»), formerly AVIANT (АВІАНТ), is an aircraft manufacturing company in Kyiv, Ukraine, the serial manufacturing division of the Antonov.

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Apartment

An apartment (North American English), flat (British English, Indian English, South African English), or unit (Australian English) is a self-contained housing unit (a type of residential real estate) that occupies part of a building, generally on a single storey.

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Armed Forces of Ukraine

The Armed Forces of Ukraine (abbreviated as AFU) are the military forces of Ukraine.

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Armenians

Armenians (hayer) are an ethnic group and nation native to the Armenian highlands of West Asia.

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Arsenal Factory

Arsenal Special Device Production State Enterprise (translit), also known as the Arsenal Factory, is one of the oldest factories in Kyiv.

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Artemy Vedel

Artemy Lukyanovich Vedel, born Artemy Lukyanovich Vedelsky, was a Ukrainian-born Russian composer of military and liturgical music.

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Ashgabat

Ashgabat (Turkmen: Aşgabat) is the capital and the largest city of Turkmenistan.

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Askold and Dir

Askold and Dir (Haskuldr or Hǫskuldr and Dyr or Djur in Old Norse; died in 882), mentioned in both the Primary Chronicle, the Novgorod First Chronicle, and the Nikon Chronicle, were the earliest known rulers of Kiev.

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Askold's Grave

Askold's Grave (translit) is a historical park on the steep right bank of the Dnipro River in Kyiv between Mariinskyi Park and the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra complex.

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Astana

Astana, formerly known as Nur-Sultan, Akmolinsk, Tselinograd, and Akmola, is the capital city of Kazakhstan.

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Athens

Athens is the capital and largest city of Greece. Kyiv and Athens are capitals in Europe.

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Atlantic Council

The Atlantic Council is an American think tank in the field of international affairs, favoring Atlanticism, founded in 1961.

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Axis powers

The Axis powers, originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis and also Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, was a military coalition that initiated World War II and fought against the Allies.

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Azerbaijanis

Azerbaijanis (Azərbaycanlılar, آذربایجانلیلار), Azeris (Azərilər, آذریلر), or Azerbaijani Turks (Azərbaycan Türkləri, آذربایجان تۆرکلری) are a Turkic ethnic group living mainly in the Azerbaijan region of northwestern Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan.

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Babi Yar

Babi Yar (Бабий Яр) or Babyn Yar (Бабин Яр) is a ravine in the Ukrainian capital Kyiv and a site of massacres carried out by Nazi Germany's forces during its campaign against the Soviet Union in World War II. Kyiv and Babi Yar are Holocaust locations in Ukraine.

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Babi Yar memorials

Babi Yar, a ravine near Kyiv, was the scene of possibly the largest shooting massacre during the Holocaust.

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Bakery

A bakery is an establishment that produces and sells flour-based baked goods made in an oven such as bread, cookies, cakes, doughnuts, bagels, pastries, and pies.

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Baku

Baku (Bakı) is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and in the Caucasus region. Kyiv and Baku are capitals in Europe.

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Bar, Ukraine

Bar (Бар; Bar; Бар) is a city located on the Riv River in Vinnytsia Oblast, the central Ukraine. Kyiv and Bar, Ukraine are Holocaust locations in Ukraine.

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Battle of Blue Waters

The Battle of Blue Waters was fought at some time in the autumn of 1362 or 1363 on the banks of the Syniukha River, a left tributary of the Southern Bug, between the armies of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Golden Horde.

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Battle of Kiev (1941)

The First Battle of Kiev was the German name for the major battle that resulted in an encirclement of Soviet troops in the vicinity of Kiev during World War II, the capital and most populous city of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.

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Battle of Kiev (1943)

The Second Battle of Kiev was a part of a much wider Soviet offensive in Ukraine known as the Battle of the Dnieper involving three strategic operations by the Soviet Red Army and one operational counterattack by the Wehrmacht, which took place between 3 November and 22 December 1943.

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Battle of Kyiv (2022)

The battle of Kyiv was part of the Kyiv offensive in the Russian invasion of Ukraine for control of Kyiv, the capital city of Ukraine, and surrounding districts.

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Battle on the Irpin River

The Battle on the Irpin River was a semi-legendary battle between the armies of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Principality of Kiev.

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Batu Khan

Batu Khan (–1255) was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Golden Horde, a constituent of the Mongol Empire.

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BC Budivelnyk

BC Budivelnyk Kyiv (in Ukrainian: Будівельник Київ) is a Ukrainian professional basketball club based in Kyiv.

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Beijing

Beijing, previously romanized as Peking, is the capital of China.

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Belarusian language

Belarusian (label) is an East Slavic language.

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Belarusians

Belarusians (biełarusy) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Belarus.

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Belgrade

Belgrade. Kyiv and Belgrade are capitals in Europe.

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Berlin

Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and by population. Kyiv and Berlin are capitals in Europe.

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Bernardinai.lt

Bernardinai.lt is a Lithuanian online Christian newspaper.

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Bessarabskyi Market

The Bessarabskyi Market (translit), or Besarabskyi Market, also referred to as the Bessarabka (Бессарабка), is an indoor market located in the center of Kyiv on the Bessarabska Square at the southwest end of the city's main thoroughfare, the Khreshchatyk.

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Bila Tserkva

Bila Tserkva (Біла Церква) is a city in Central Ukraine, located on the Ros river in the historical Right Bank region. Kyiv and Bila Tserkva are Cossack Hetmanate and Kiev Voivodeship.

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Biome

A biome is a distinct geographical region with specific climate, vegetation, and animal life.

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Bishkek

Bishkek, formerly known as Pishpek and Frunze, is the capital and largest city of Kyrgyzstan.

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Black Sea

The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia.

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Bogomolets National Medical University

Bogomolets National Medical University (NMU) is a medical school founded in 1841 in Kyiv, Russian Empire by the Russian Tsar Nicolas I. The university is named after physiologist Alexander A. Bogomolets.

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Bohdan Khmelnytsky

Bohdan Zynoviy Mykhailovych Khmelnytsky (Ruthenian: Ѕѣнові Богданъ Хмелнiцкiи; modern Богдан Зиновій Михайлович Хмельницький, Polish: Bohdan Chmielnicki; 15956 August 1657) was a Ruthenian nobleman and military commander of Ukrainian Cossacks as Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host, which was then under the suzerainty of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Bohuslav

Bohuslav (Богуслав, Boslov) is a city on the Ros River in Obukhiv Raion, Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine. Kyiv and Bohuslav are Cossack Hetmanate and Holocaust locations in Ukraine.

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Bolsheviks

The Bolsheviks (italic,; from большинство,, 'majority'), led by Vladimir Lenin, were a far-left faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the Second Party Congress in 1903.

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Boris Levit-Broun

Boris Levit-Broun (Левит-Броун, Борис Леонидович) is a Russian poet, writer, and artist.

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Borys Paton

Borys Yevhenovych Paton (Бори́с Євге́нович Пато́н, Борис Евгеньевич Патон; 27 November 1918 – 19 August 2020, UNIAN (19 August 2020), Times Higher Education (22 November 2018)) was a Ukrainian scientist and a long-time chairman of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

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Boryspil International Airport

Boryspil International Airport (Міжнародний аеропорт «Бориспіль») is an international airport in Boryspil, east of Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine.

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Borysthenes

Borysthenes (Borysthénēs) is a geographical name from classical antiquity.

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Brasília

Brasília is the federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the Federal District, located in the Brazilian highlands in the country's Central-West region.

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Bratislava

Bratislava (German: Pressburg or Preßburg,; Hungarian: Pozsony; Slovak: Prešporok), is the capital and largest city of Slovakia and the fourth largest of all cities on Danube river. Kyiv and Bratislava are capitals in Europe.

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Bridges in Kyiv

Kyiv, historically situated on the right bank of the Dnieper River, now covers both banks of the river whose width, as it flows through the city, reaches several hundred meters.

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Brodsky Synagogue (Kyiv)

The Brodsky Synagogue, also called the Brodsky Choral Synagogue (Синаго́га Бро́дського and די בראדסקי שול אין קיעוו), is an Orthodox Jewish synagogue located in Kyiv, Ukraine.

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Bronze Age

The Bronze Age was a historical period lasting from approximately 3300 to 1200 BC.

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Brussels

Brussels (Bruxelles,; Brussel), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest), is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels, which is the capital of Belgium.

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Bucharest

Bucharest (București) is the capital and largest city of Romania. Kyiv and Bucharest are capitals in Europe.

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Budapest

Budapest is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. Kyiv and Budapest are capitals in Europe.

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Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires, officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, is the capital and primate city of Argentina.

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Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.

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Capital city

A capital city or just capital is the municipality holding primary status in a country, state, province, department, or other subnational division, usually as its seat of the government.

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Caviar

Caviar (also known as caviare, originally from the egg-bearing) is a food consisting of salt-cured roe of the family Acipenseridae.

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Central Election Commission (Ukraine)

The Central Election Commission of Ukraine (translit, commonly abbreviated in Ukrainian as (Tse-Ve-Ka); sometimes referred to as the Central Electoral Commission of Ukraine) is a permanent and independent collegiate body of the Ukrainian state that acts on the basis of the Constitution of Ukraine, the laws of Ukraine and is responsible for organizing the arrangements and the conduct of the presidential and parliamentary elections in Ukraine as well as the local elections at all levels, managing the all-Ukrainian and local referendums according to the procedure and within the legal framework defined by the laws of Ukraine.

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Centre for Eastern Studies

The Centre for Eastern Studies (Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich, OSW) is a Warsaw-based think tank that undertakes independent research on the political, economic and social situation in Central and Eastern Europe, Balkans, Caucasus and Central Asia.

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Chemical industry

The chemical industry comprises the companies and other organizations that develop and produce industrial, specialty and other chemicals.

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Chernobyl

Chernobyl (Чернобыль) or Chornobyl (Чорнобиль) is a partially abandoned city in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, situated in the Vyshhorod Raion of northern Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine. Kyiv and Chernobyl are Cossack Hetmanate, Holocaust locations in Ukraine and Kiev Voivodeship.

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Chernobyl disaster

The Chernobyl disaster began on 26 April 1986 with the explosion of the No. 4 reactor of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant near the city of Pripyat in the north of the Ukrainian SSR, close to the border with the Byelorussian SSR, in the Soviet Union.

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Chess

Chess is a board game for two players.

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Chicago

Chicago is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and in the Midwestern United States.

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Chief of local state administration

In Ukraine, the title chief (head) of local (regional) state administration (Ukrainian: Голова місцевої державної адміністрації) refers to the chief executive of each of the administrative divisions of Ukraine: region (includes autonomous republic, oblasts), raion (district) or city, in case of Kyiv and Sevastopol.

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Chișinău

Chișinău (formerly known as Kishinev) is the capital and largest city of Moldova. Kyiv and Chișinău are capitals in Europe.

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Christianization of Kievan Rus'

The Christianization of Kievan Rus' was a long and complicated process that took place in several stages.

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City with special status

A city with special status (misto zi spetsial'nym statusom), formerly a "city of republican subordinance", is a type of first-level administrative division of Ukraine. Kyiv and city with special status are cities with special status in Ukraine.

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Climate

Climate is the long-term weather pattern in a region, typically averaged over 30 years.

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Coat of arms of Kyiv

The coat of arms of Kyiv features the Archangel Michael officially named as "Saint Michael the Archistrategos" (archistrategos, the title of chief-general in Ancient Greece), wielding a flaming sword and a shield on an azure field.

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Cogeneration

Cogeneration or combined heat and power (CHP) is the use of a heat engine or power station to generate electricity and useful heat at the same time.

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Commercial property

Commercial property, also called commercial real estate, investment property or income property, is real estate (buildings or land) intended to generate a profit, either from capital gains or rental income.

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Commonwealth of Independent States

The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is a regional intergovernmental organization in Eurasia.

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Constantin Zuckerman

Constantin Zuckerman (born 1957) is a French historian and Professor of Byzantine studies at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes in Paris.

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Constantine VII

Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (Kōnstantinos Porphyrogennētos; 17 May 905 – 9 November 959) was the fourth Byzantine emperor of the Macedonian dynasty, reigning from 6 June 913 to 9 November 959.

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Constantinople

Constantinople (see other names) became the capital of the Roman Empire during the reign of Constantine the Great in 330. Kyiv and Constantinople are holy cities.

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Continental climate

Continental climates often have a significant annual variation in temperature (warm to hot summers and cold winters).

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Copenhagen

Copenhagen (København) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a population of 1.4 million in the urban area. Kyiv and Copenhagen are capitals in Europe.

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Crimean Tatars

Crimean Tatars or Crimeans are a Turkic ethnic group and nation native to Crimea.

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Crown of the Kingdom of Poland

The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (Korona Królestwa Polskiego; Corona Regni Poloniae) was a political and legal idea formed in the 14th century, assuming unity, indivisibility and continuity of the state.

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Cucuteni–Trypillia culture

The Cucuteni–Trypillia culture, also known as the Cucuteni culture, Trypillia culture or Tripolye culture is a Neolithic–Chalcolithic archaeological culture (5500 to 2750 BC) of Southeast Europe.

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Culture of Kievan Rus'

The culture of Kievan Rus' spans the cultural developments in Kievan Rus' from the 9th to 13th century of the Middle Ages.

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Culture of Russia

Russian culture (kʊlʲˈturə rɐˈsʲiɪ) has been formed by the nation's history, its geographical location and its vast expanse, religious and social traditions, and both Eastern and Western influence.

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Culture of Ukraine

The culture of Ukraine is composed of the material and spiritual values of the Ukrainian people that has formed throughout the history of Ukraine.

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Cyril and Methodius

Cyril (Kýrillos; born Constantine, 826–869) and Methodius (label; born Michael, 815–885) were brothers, Byzantine Christian theologians and missionaries.

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Daniel the Traveller

Daniel the Traveller, known also as Daniel the Pilgrim (Даниил Паломник), Daniel of Kyiv, or Abbot Daniel, was the first travel writer from the Kievan Rus.

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Danish Meteorological Institute

The Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI; Danmarks Meteorologiske Institut) is the official Danish meteorological institute, administrated by the Ministry of Climate, Energy and Utilities.

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Danylo Knyshuk

Danylo Mykhailovych Knyshuk (Данило Михайлович Книшук, born 2 December 1978, Kyiv, Ukraine) is a Ukrainian sculptor.

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Darnytsia railway station

Darnytsia (Дарниця) is the largest Ukrainian Railways station (and the main freight station) of the Ukrainian capital Kyiv, located in the city's Left-bank Darnytsia neighborhood.

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Darnytskyi District

Darnytskyi District (Darnytskyi raion) is an urban district of the Ukrainian capital Kyiv.

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Davidoff

Davidoff is a Swiss premium brand of cigars, cigarettes and smoker's accessories.

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Declaration of Independence of Ukraine

The Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine (Akt proholoshennia nezalezhnosti Ukrainy) was adopted by the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR on 24 August 1991.

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Desna (river)

The Desna (Десна; Десна) is a river in Russia and Ukraine, a major left-tributary of the Dnieper.

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Desnianskyi District, Kyiv

Desnianskyi District (Desnianskyi raion) is an administrative raion (district or borough) of the city of Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine.

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Digital ticket

A digital ticket is a virtual instance of a ticket which represents the digitization of rights to claim goods or services.

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Dissolution of the Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was formally dissolved as a sovereign state and subject of international law on 26 December 1991 by Declaration № 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.

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Distribution network operator

A distribution network operator (DNO), also known as a distribution system operator (DSO), is the operator of the electric power distribution system which delivers electricity to most end users.

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Dmytro Hnatyuk

Dmytro Hnatyuk (Дмитро́ Миха́йлович Гнатю́к; 28 March 1925 – 29 April 2016) was a Soviet and Ukrainian baritone opera singer and a former member of the Ukrainian Parliament.

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Dnieper

The Dnieper, also called Dnepr or Dnipro, is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea.

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Dnieper Lowland

Dnieper Lowland is a major geographic feature of the Central Ukraine region and the East European Plain.

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Dnieper Upland

The Dnieper Upland or Cisdnieper Upland (translit) is a southeastern European plain occupying the territory between the Dnieper and the Southern Bug.

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Dniprovskyi District, Kyiv

The Dniprovskyi District (Dniprovskyi raion) is an urban district of the city of Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine.

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Dovzhenko Film Studios

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Dzerkalo Tyzhnia

Dzerkalo Tyzhnia (Дзеркало тижня), usually referred to in English as the Mirror of the week, is a Ukrainian online newspaper; it was one of Ukraine's most influential analytical weekly-publisher newspapers, founded in 1994.

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East Slavs

The East Slavs are the most populous subgroup of the Slavs.

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Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent.

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Eastern European Summer Time

Eastern European Summer Time (EEST) is one of the names of the UTC+03:00 time zone, which is 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time.

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Eastern European Time

Eastern European Time (EET) is one of the names of UTC+02:00 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time.

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Eastern Front (World War II)

The Eastern Front, also known as the Great Patriotic War in the Soviet Union and its successor states, and the German–Soviet War in contemporary German and Ukrainian historiographies, was a theatre of World War II fought between the European Axis powers and Allies, including the Soviet Union (USSR) and Poland.

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Eastern Orthodox Church

The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, and also called the Greek Orthodox Church or simply the Orthodox Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 230 million baptised members.

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Eastern Orthodoxy

Eastern Orthodoxy, otherwise known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity or Byzantine Christianity, is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Catholicism and Protestantism.

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Edinburgh

Edinburgh (Dùn Èideann) is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas. Kyiv and Edinburgh are capitals in Europe.

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Elections in Ukraine

Elections in Ukraine are held to choose the president (head of state), Verkhovna Rada (legislature), and local governments.

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Elektrichka

Elektrichka (p; elektrychka) is a Soviet and Eastern bloc commuter (regional) mostly suburban electrical multiple unit passenger train.

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Encyclopædia Britannica

The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

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Encyclopedia of Ukraine

The Encyclopedia of Ukraine (translit), published from 1984 to 2001, is a fundamental work of Ukrainian Studies.

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Eternal flame

An eternal flame is a flame, lamp or torch that burns for an indefinite time.

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Ethnic groups in the Caucasus

The peoples of the Caucasus, or Caucasians, are a diverse group comprising more than 50 ethnic groups throughout the Caucasus.

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Ethnicity

An ethnicity or ethnic group is a group of people who identify with each other on the basis of perceived shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups.

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Eugenia Chuprina

Eugenia Volodymyrivna Chuprina (Ukrainian: Євгенія Володимирівна Чуприна; pen name, Пані Друїдеса (Mrs. Druids); born July 24, 1971) is a contemporary Ukrainian poet, writer, and playwright.

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Eugeniusz Horbaczewski

Eugeniusz Horbaczewski (28 September 1917 – 18 August 1944) was a Polish fighter pilot, a flying ace of World War II, also known as "Dziubek" (the diminutive of 'the beak' in Polish).

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Eugeniusz Romer

Eugeniusz Mikołaj Romer (3 February 1871 in Lviv (Lwów, Lemberg) – 28 January 1954) was a distinguished Polish geographer, cartographer and geopolitician, whose maps and atlases are still highly valued by experts.

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Euromaidan

Euromaidan (translit), or the Maidan Uprising, was a wave of demonstrations and civil unrest in Ukraine, which began on 21 November 2013 with large protests in Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Independence Square) in Kyiv.

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European Square (Kyiv)

European Square (translit) is a square located in what is known as the Old Town (Stare Misto) or the Upper Town, in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine.

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Eurovision Song Contest

The Eurovision Song Contest (Concours Eurovision de la chanson), often known simply as Eurovision, is an international song competition organised annually by the European Broadcasting Union.

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Eurovision Song Contest 2004

The Eurovision Song Contest 2004 was the 49th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest.

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Eurovision Song Contest 2005

The Eurovision Song Contest 2005 was the 50th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest.

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Eurovision Song Contest 2006

The Eurovision Song Contest 2006 was the 51st edition of the Eurovision Song Contest.

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Eurovision Song Contest 2016

The Eurovision Song Contest 2016 was the 61st edition of the Eurovision Song Contest.

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Eurovision Song Contest 2017

The Eurovision Song Contest 2017 was the 62nd edition of the Eurovision Song Contest.

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Eurovision Song Contest 2018

The Eurovision Song Contest 2018 was the 63rd edition of the Eurovision Song Contest.

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Evangel Theological Seminary

Evangel Theological University (ETU) (Formerly Evangel Theological Seminary) is an evangelical theological seminary based in Kyiv, Ukraine.

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Existentialism

Existentialism is a family of views and forms of philosophical inquiry that explores the issue of human existence.

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Fastiv

Fastiv (Фастів) is a city in the Kyiv Oblast (province) in central Ukraine. Kyiv and Fastiv are Cossack Hetmanate and Holocaust locations in Ukraine.

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FC Arsenal Kyiv

Football Club Arsenal Kyiv is a Ukrainian football club based in Kyiv.

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FC Dynamo Kyiv

Football Club Dynamo Kyiv, also known as FC Dynamo Kiev, Dynamo Kyiv, Dynamo Kiev, or simply Dynamo, is a Ukrainian professional football club based in Kyiv.

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FC Obolon Kyiv

FC Obolon Kyiv (Оболонь Київ) is a Ukrainian professional football club based in Kyiv (Obolonskyi District).

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Federal Information Processing Standards

The Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) of the United States are a set of publicly announced standards that the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed for use in computer situs of non-military United States government agencies and contractors.

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Finance

Finance refers to monetary resources and to the study and discipline of money, currency and capital assets.

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Flat rate

A flat fee, also referred to as a flat rate or a linear rate refers to a pricing structure that charges a single fixed fee for a service, regardless of usage.

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Florence

Florence (Firenze) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany.

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Folklore

Folklore is the body of expressive culture shared by a particular group of people, culture or subculture.

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Foreign direct investment

A foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to purchase of an asset in another country, such that it gives direct control to the purchaser over the asset (e.g. purchase of land and building).

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Forest steppe

A forest steppe is a temperate-climate ecotone and habitat type composed of grassland interspersed with areas of woodland or forest.

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Fortification

A fortification (also called a fort, fortress, fastness, or stronghold) is a military construction designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime.

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Galyna Moskvitina

Galyna Aleksandrovna Moskvitina (Gala) (born 1963) is a Ukrainian painter and founder of the "laternative realism" style.

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Gardizi

Abū Saʿīd ʿAbd-al-Ḥayy ibn Żaḥḥāk b. Maḥmūd Gardīzī (ابوسعید عبدالحی بن ضحاک بن محمود گردیزی), better known as Gardizi (گردیزی), was an 11th-century Persian historian and official, who is notable for having written the Zayn al-akhbar, one of the earliest history books written in New Persian.

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Gediminas

Gediminas (Gedeminne, Gedeminnus; – December 1341) was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1315 or 1316 until his death in 1341.

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General aviation

General aviation (GA) is defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) as all civil aviation aircraft operations except for commercial air transport or aerial work, which is defined as specialized aviation services for other purposes.

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Geographical distribution of Russian speakers

This article details the geographical distribution of Russian-speakers.

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Geometric abstraction

Geometric abstraction is a form of abstract art based on the use of geometric forms sometimes, though not always, placed in non-illusionistic space and combined into non-objective (non-representational) compositions.

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Georgians

The Georgians, or Kartvelians (tr), are a nation and Caucasian ethnic group native to present-day Georgia and surrounding areas historically associated with the Georgian kingdoms.

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German language

German (Standard High German: Deutsch) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol.

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Golda Meir

Golda Meir (3 May 1898 – 8 December 1978) was an Israeli politician who served as the fourth prime minister of Israel from 1969 to 1974.

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Golden Gate, Kyiv

The Golden Gate of Kyiv (Zoloti vorota) was the main gate in the 11th century fortifications of Kyiv, the capital of Kievan Rus'.

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Golden Horde

The Golden Horde, self-designated as Ulug Ulus (in Kipchak Turkic), was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire.

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Google Books

Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) is a service from Google that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition (OCR), and stored in its digital database.

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Gord (archaeology)

A gord is a medieval Slavonic fortified settlement, usually built on strategic sites such as hilltops, riverbanks, lake islets or peninsulas between the 6th and 12th centuries in Central and Eastern Europe.

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Government of Ukraine

The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (translit; shortened to CabMin), commonly referred to as the Government of Ukraine (Уряд України, Uriad Ukrainy), is the highest body of state executive power in Ukraine.

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Grade separation

In civil engineering (more specifically highway engineering), grade separation is a method of aligning a junction of two or more surface transport axes at different heights (grades) so that they will not disrupt the traffic flow on other transit routes when they cross each other.

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Graham Land

Graham Land is the portion of the Antarctic Peninsula that lies north of a line joining Cape Jeremy and Cape Agassiz.

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Grand Duchy of Lithuania

The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a sovereign state in northeastern Europe that existed from the 13th century, succeeding the Kingdom of Lithuania, to the late 18th century, when the territory was suppressed during the 1795 partitions of Poland–Lithuania.

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Grand Prince of Kiev

The Grand Prince of Kiev (sometimes grand duke) was the title of the monarch of Kievan Rus', residing in Kiev (modern Kyiv) from the 10th to 13th centuries.

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Grand Principality of Rus' (1658)

Grand Principality of Rus' (Ukrainian: Велике Князівство Руське, Polish: Wielkie Księstwo Ruskie), also known in historiography as Grand Principality of Ruthenia, was the project of the state as a member of the Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth in the territory of Kiev Voivodeship, Bracław Voivodeship and Chernihiv Voivodeship.

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Great Choral Synagogue (Kyiv)

The Great Choral Synagogue of Kyiv (елика хоральна синагога Києва), also known as the Podil Synagogue or the Rozenberg Synagogue, is an Orthodox Jewish synagogue, located in the Podil, a historic neighborhood of Kyiv, Ukraine.

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Great Purge

The Great Purge, or the Great Terror (translit), also known as the Year of '37 (label) and the Yezhovshchina (label), was Soviet General Secretary Joseph Stalin's campaign to consolidate power over the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Soviet state.

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Gross domestic product

Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and rendered in a specific time period by a country or countries.

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Gross regional domestic product

Gross regional domestic product (GRDP), gross domestic product of region (GDPR), or gross state product (GSP) is a statistic that measures the size of a region's economy.

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Guðbrandur Vigfússon

Guðbrandur Vigfússon, known in English as Gudbrand Vigfusson, (13 March 1827 – 31 January 1889) was one of the foremost Scandinavian scholars of the 19th century.

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Gulliver (building)

The Multifunctional Complex Gulliver (italic) is a 35-story mixed-use building in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine.

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Helsinki

Helsinki is the capital and most populous city in Finland. Kyiv and Helsinki are capitals in Europe.

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Henry P. Melnikow

Henry P. Melnikow (August 6, 1892 – May 8, 1963) was an economic consultant to unions involved in labor, and represented numerous labor unions in finding compromises between unions and workers.

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High tech

High technology (high tech or high-tech), also known as advanced technology (advanced tech) or exotechnology, is technology that is at the cutting edge: the highest form of technology available.

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History of Kyiv

The history of Kyiv (Kiev), officially begins when it was founded in 482, but the city may date back at least 2,000 years.

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History of the Soviet Union (1982–1991)

The history of the Soviet Union from 1982 through 1991 spans the period from the Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev's death until the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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Holodomor

The Holodomor, also known as the Ukrainian Famine, was a man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 that killed millions of Ukrainians. The Holodomor was part of the wider Soviet famine of 1930–1933 which affected the major grain-producing areas of the Soviet Union. While scholars are in consensus that the cause of the famine was man-made, it remains in dispute whether the Holodomor was directed at Ukrainians and whether it constitutes a genocide.

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Holosiivskyi District

Holosiivskyi District (Holosiivskyi raion) is an urban district of the city of Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine.

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Hostomel Airport

Antonov Airport (аеропорт «Антонов»), also known as Hostomel (or Gostomel) Airport (аеропорт «Гостомель»), is an international cargo airport and testing facility in Ukraine, located near Hostomel, which is a northwestern suburb of Kyiv.

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Houghton Mifflin Harcourt

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH) is an American publisher of textbooks, instructional technology materials, assessments, and reference works.

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House with Chimaeras

House with Chimaeras (Будинок з химерами, Budynok z khymeramy) or Horodetsky House (named for Władysław Horodecki) is an Art Nouveau building located in the historic Lypky neighborhood of Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine.

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Housing

Housing refers to the usage and possibly construction of shelter as living spaces, individually or collectively.

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Hrushevsky Street (Kyiv)

Mykhailo Hrushevskyi Street or simply Hrushevskyi Street (translit) is a street in central Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine.

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Hryshko National Botanical Garden

The M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden (Національний ботанічний сад імені М.М., Natsionalnyi botanichnyi sad im. M.M.Hryshka) is located in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine.

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Hudud al-'Alam

The Ḥudūd al-ʿĀlam (italic, "Boundaries of the World" or "Limits of the World") is a 10th-century geography book written in Persian by an unknown author from Guzgan (present day northern Afghanistan).

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Hydropark in Kyiv

Hydropark, or Hidropark (from) is a landscape-recreational park on the Dnieper River in Kyiv, Ukraine.

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Igor Sikorsky

Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky (translit, Ihor Ivanovych Sikorskyi; 25 May 1889 – 26 October 1972)Fortier, Rénald.

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Igor Skuz

Igor Vasylyovych Skuz (Ігор Васильович Скуз, born 30 May 1976) is a Ukrainian professional racing driver currently competing in the Ukrainian Touring Championship since 2007 for a family-owned MasterKart Racing Team, that also has a role of main promoter of the series since 2018.

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Igor Slyusar

Igor Vasilyevich Slyusar (Ігор Васильович Слюсар, Игорь Васильевич Слюсарь) (born May 22, 1989) is a Ukrainian professional ice hockey player currently playing for Bilyi Bars of the Professional Hockey League.

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Ilya Ehrenburg

Ilya Grigoryevich Ehrenburg (Илья́ Григо́рьевич Эренбу́рг,; – August 31, 1967) was a Soviet writer, revolutionary, journalist and historian.

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Imperial Russian Army

The Imperial Russian Army or Russian Imperial Army (Rússkaya imperátorskaya ármiya) was the armed land force of the Russian Empire, active from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917.

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Incineration

Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of substances contained in waste materials.

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Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution, sometimes divided into the First Industrial Revolution and Second Industrial Revolution, was a period of global transition of the human economy towards more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes that succeeded the Agricultural Revolution.

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Industrialization in the Russian Empire

Industrialization in the Russian Empire saw the development of an industrial economy, whereby labor productivity increased and the demand for industrial goods was partially provided from within the empire.

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Industrialization in the Soviet Union

Industrialization in the Soviet Union was a process of accelerated building-up of the industrial potential of the Soviet Union to reduce the economy's lag behind the developed capitalist states, which was carried out from May 1929 to June 1941.

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Industry (economics)

In macroeconomics, an industry is a branch of an economy that produces a closely related set of raw materials, goods, or services.

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Intelligentsia

The intelligentsia is a status class composed of the university-educated people of a society who engage in the complex mental labours by which they critique, shape, and lead in the politics, policies, and culture of their society; as such, the intelligentsia consists of scholars, academics, teachers, journalists, and literary writers.

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Interfax-Ukraine

Interfax-Ukraine (Інтерфакс-Україна) is a Ukrainian news agency.

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International E-road network

The international E-road network is a numbering system for roads in Europe developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE).

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International Labour Organization

The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice by setting international labour standards.

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International Republican Institute

The International Republican Institute (IRI) is an American nonprofit organization founded in 1983 and funded and supported by the United States federal government.

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Internet in Ukraine

The Internet in Ukraine is well developed and steadily growing, mostly uninfluenced by the global financial crisis; in April 2012 rapid growth was forecast for at least two more years.

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Interwar period

In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period (or interbellum) lasted from 11November 1918 to 1September 1939 (20years, 9months, 21days) – from the end of World War I (WWI) to the beginning of World War II (WWII).

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Iron Age

The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages, after the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age.

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Israel Brodsky

Israel Markovich Brodsky (1823 -) was a Russian Businessman, founder of the "Sugar Empire" and a philanthropist.

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Istanbul

Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey, straddling the Bosporus Strait, the boundary between Europe and Asia. Kyiv and Istanbul are holy cities.

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Ivan Franko National Academic Drama Theater

The Ivan Franko National Academic Drama Theater (Natsionalnyi akademichnyi dramatychnyi teatr imeni Ivana Franka), located in Kyiv, was founded in 1920.

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Ivan Putrov

Ivan Oleksandrovych Putrov (Іван Олександрович Путров; born 8 March 1980) is a Ukrainian-born ballet dancer and producer.

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Jakarta

Jakarta, officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta (DKI Jakarta) and formerly known as Batavia until 1949, is the capital and largest city of Indonesia.

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Jan Koum

Jan Koum (Ян Кум; born Yan Borysovych Kum, Ян Борисович Кум, on February 24, 1976) is a Ukrainian-American billionaire businessman and computer programmer.

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Jan Potocki

Count Jan Potocki (8 March 1761 – 23 December 1815) was a Polish nobleman, ethnologist, linguist, traveller and author of the Enlightenment period, whose life and exploits made him a celebrated figure in Poland.

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Jaroslav Rudnyckyj

Jaroslav-Bohdan Antonovych Rudnyckyj (Ярослав-Богдан Антонович Рудницький,; November 28, 1910 – October 19, 1995) was a Ukrainian-Canadian linguist and lexicographer with a specialty in etymology and onomastics, folklorist, bibliographer, travel writer, and publicist.

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Jerusalem

Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. Kyiv and Jerusalem are holy cities.

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Jewish music

Jewish music is the music and melodies of the Jewish people.

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Joachim Lelewel

Joachim Lelewel (22 March 1786 – 29 May 1861) was a Polish historian, geographer, bibliographer, polyglot and politician.

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Jonathan Markovitch

Jonathan Benyamin Markovitch (Йонатан Бін'ямін Маркович; born 21 October 1967) is the chief Rabbi of Kyiv, official representative of Lubavitcher Rebbe Menachem Mendel Schneerson and the official Rabbi of the country's prisons.

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Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953.

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Julius Brutzkus

Julius Davidovich Brutzkus or Judah Loeb Brutzkus or Joselis Bruckus (יהודה ליבּ בֶּן־דָּוִד ברוצקוס, Yehuda Loeb ben David Brutzkus; Юлий Давидович Бруцкус; 1870, Palanga, Courland Governorate – January 27, 1951, Tel Aviv) was a Lithuanian Jewish historian, scholar, and politician, and one of the leaders of Zionist movement in Russian Empire.

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Kaniv Reservoir

The Kaniv Reservoir (Канівське водосховище, Kanivs'ke vodoskhovyshche) is a reservoir located on the Dnieper river in the Ukrainian oblasts of Cherkasy and Kyiv.

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Kateryna Kukhar

Kateryna Ihorivna Kukhar (Катерина Ігорівна Кухар, born 18 January 1982, Kyiv) is a Ukrainian prima ballerina of the National Opera of Ukraine.

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Kazimir Malevich

Kazimir Severinovich Malevich (// ЦГИАК Украины, ф. 1268, оп. 1, д. 26, л. 13об—14. – 15 May 1935) was a Russian avant-garde artist and art theorist, whose pioneering work and writing influenced the development of abstract art in the 20th century.

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Köppen climate classification

The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems.

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Khanenko Museum

The Khanenko Museum (official name: The Bohdan and Varvara Khanenko National Museum of Arts) is an art museum located in Kyiv, in Ukraine, which holds the biggest and most valuable collections of European, Asian and Ancient art in the country.

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Kharkiv

Kharkiv (Харків), also known as Kharkov (Харькoв), is the second-largest city in Ukraine. Kyiv and Kharkiv are Holocaust locations in Ukraine and oblast centers in Ukraine.

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Kharkivskyi Masyv

Kharkivskyi neighborhood, often referred to as Kharkivskyi masyv (Харківський масив) is located in the Darnytsia region of Kyiv, Ukraine.

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Khazars

The Khazars were a nomadic Turkic people that, in the late 6th-century CE, established a major commercial empire covering the southeastern section of modern European Russia, southern Ukraine, Crimea, and Kazakhstan.

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Khreshchatyk

Khreshchatyk (Хрещатик) is the main street of Kyiv, the capital city of Ukraine.

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Kiev Voivodeship

The Kiev Voivodeship (Województwo kijowskie; Palatinatus Kioviensis; Kyivske voievodstvo) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1471 until 1569 and of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland from 1569 until 1793, as part of Lesser Poland Province of the Polish Crown.

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Kievan Letter

The Kievan Letter, or Kyivan letter is an early 10th-century (ca. 930) letter thought to be written by representatives of the Jewish community in Kiev.

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Kievan Rus'

Kievan Rus', also known as Kyivan Rus,.

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Kindergarten

Kindergarten is a preschool educational approach based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school.

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Kipchaks

The Kipchaks or Qipchaqs, also known as Kipchak Turks or Polovtsians, were Turkic nomads and then a confederation that existed in the Middle Ages inhabiting parts of the Eurasian Steppe.

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Klavdiievo-Tarasove

Klavdiievo-Tarasove (Клавдієво-Тарасове) is a rural settlement in Bucha Raion (district) of Kyiv Oblast (province) in northern Ukraine.

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Korrespondent

Korrespondent (Корреспондент; Кореспондент; literally: Correspondent) is a weekly printed magazine published in Ukraine in the Russian and Ukrainian languages.

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Kraków

(), also spelled as Cracow or Krakow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Kyiv and Kraków are Magdeburg rights.

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Kuznia na Rybalskomu

Kuznia na Rybalskomu ("Кузня на Рибальському") is a ship building and armament company in Kyiv, Ukraine.

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Kyi, Shchek and Khoryv

Kyi, Shchek and Khoryv were three legendary brothersoften mentioned along with their sister Lybid who, according to the Primary Chronicle, founded the city of Kyiv, which eventually became the capital of Kievan Rus'.

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Kyiv City Council

Kyiv City Council (translit), also known as Kyivrada (Київрада), is the city council of Kyiv municipality, the highest representative body of the city community.

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Kyiv City State Administration

Kyiv City State Administration (translit, commonly abbreviated as KMDA КМДА) is the national-level branch of the Government of Ukraine that administers Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine.

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Kyiv Fortress

The Kyiv Fortress or Kiev Fortress (translit) (also New Pechersk Fortress) is a historical and architectural monument complex of Russian fortifications in Kyiv, Ukraine built from the 17th through 19th centuries.

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Kyiv Funicular

The Kyiv Funicular (Київський фунікулер) is a steep slope railroad on Kyiv Hills that serves the city of Kyiv, connecting the historic Uppertown, and the lower commercial neighborhood of Podil through the steep Volodymyrska Hill overseeing the Dnieper River.

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Kyiv International Airport (Zhuliany)

Igor Sikorsky Kyiv International Airport (Zhuliany) (Міжнародний аеропорт «Київ» імені Ігоря Сікорського (Жуляни)) is one of the two passenger airports of the Ukrainian capital Kyiv, the other being Boryspil International Airport.

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Kyiv International Institute of Sociology

Kyiv International Institute of Sociology, or KIIS (Київський міжнародний інститут соціології, КМІС), is a Ukrainian organization conducting sociological research in the fields of social and socioeconomic research, marketing research, political research, health studies, and research consulting and auditing.

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Kyiv Light Rail

Kyiv Light Rail or Kyiv Express Tram (Київський швидкісний трамвай, translit.: Kyivs’kyi shvydkisnyi tramvai) is a light rail rapid transit service that serves the Ukrainian capital Kyiv.

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Kyiv Metro

The Kyiv Metro (Kyivskyi metropoliten) is a rapid transit system in Kyiv owned by the Kyiv City Council and operated by the city-owned company Kyivskyi Metropoliten.

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Kyiv metropolitan area

The Kyiv metropolitan area (Kyivska ahlomeratsiia) is an unofficially designated urban agglomeration within the outer boundary of Kyiv Oblast in Ukraine.

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Kyiv Mountains

Kyiv Mountains or Kyiv Hills (Київські гори, Київські пагорби) is a term used in journalism and literature for hills and highlands around the city of Kyiv that range from approximately 150 to almost 200 meters.

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Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics

State University of Trade and Economics (SUTE, Державний торговельно-економічний університет; prev.: Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, KNUTE, Київський національний торговельно-економічний університет) is a Ukrainian university in the capital, Kyiv.

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Kyiv Oblast

Kyiv Oblast (translit), also called Kyivshchyna (Київщинa), is an oblast (province) in central and northern Ukraine.

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Kyiv Pechersk Lavra

Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra or Kyievo-Pecherska Lavra (Києво-Печерська лавра; Киево-Печерская лавра, Kievo-Pecherskaya Lavra), also known as the Kyiv Monastery of the Caves, is a historic Eastern Orthodox Christian monastery which gave its name to one of the city districts where it is located in Kyiv.

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Kyiv Peninsula

Kyiv Peninsula is the predominantly ice-covered, oval shaped peninsula projecting 35 km in northwest direction from the west side of Graham Land, Antarctic Peninsula.

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Kyiv Polytechnic Institute

Kyiv Polytechnic Institute (official long title as National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute") is a public technological university in Kyiv, Ukraine.

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Kyiv Post

The Kyiv Post is the oldest English-language newspaper in Ukraine, founded in October 1995 by Jed Sunden.

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Kyiv Reservoir

The Kyiv Reservoir (translit), locally the Kyiv Sea, is a large water reservoir located on the Dnieper River in Ukraine.

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Kyiv Roshen Factory

Kyiv confectionery factory "Roshen" (Київська кондитерська фабрика "Рошен"), formerly known as the Karl Marx Kyiv Confectionery Factory (Київська кондитерська фабрика імені Карла Маркса) is the largest confectionery company in Kyiv, Ukraine, and the most important subdivision of the Roshen Confectionery Corporation.

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Kyiv strikes (2022–present)

Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine with around 2,950,000 residents, has been frequently targeted by the Russian Armed Forces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

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Kyiv Urban Electric Train

The Kyiv City Express (translit) is an urban rail transit passenger service in Kyiv, Ukraine.

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Kyiv Zoo

The Kyiv Zoo (translit) is the only large zoo in Kyiv, Ukraine and one of the largest zoos in the former Soviet Union.

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Kyiv-Pasazhyrskyi railway station

Kyiv-Pasazhyrskyi (Kyiv-Passenger, Київ-Пасажирський) is a railway station in the capital of Ukraine, Kyiv.

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KyivNotKiev

KyivNotKiev is an online campaign to persuade English-language media and organizations to exclusively use Kyiv (derived from the Ukrainian-language 'Київ') instead of Kiev (derived from the Russian-language 'Киев') as the name of the Ukrainian capital.

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Kyivpastrans

Kyivpastrans is a municipal company that operates public transport in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine.

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Kyivstar

Kyivstar (Київстар) is a Ukrainian telecommunications company, providing communication services and data transmission based on a broad range of fixed and mobile technologies, including 4G (LTE) services, in Ukraine.

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Kyoto

Kyoto (Japanese: 京都, Kyōto), officially, is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan's largest and most populous island of Honshu. Kyiv and Kyoto are holy cities.

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Legal deposit is a legal requirement that a person or group submit copies of their publications to a repository, usually a library.

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The City of Kyiv has a unique legal status compared to the other administrative subdivisions of Ukraine.

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Leipzig

Leipzig (Upper Saxon: Leibz'sch) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony.

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Leonid Bronevoy

Leonid Sergeyevich Bronevoy (Леони́д Серге́евич Бронево́й; December 17, 1928 – December 9, 2017) was a Soviet and Russian actor.

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Leonid Chernovetskyi

Leonid Mykhaylovych Chernovetskyi (Леонід Михайлович Черновецький; born 25 November 1951) is a former Mayor of Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine, from 2006 until the summer of 2012.

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Lesya Ukrainka National Academic Theater

Lesya Ukrainka National Academic Theater (also referred to as Lesya Ukrainka Theater) is a theater in Kyiv, Ukraine.

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Lev Shestov

Lev Isaakovich Shestov (Лев Исаакович Шестов; 31 January Martin, Bernard, Introduction to "Athens and Jerusalem" 1866 – 19 November 1938; born Yeguda Lev Shvartsman) was a Jewish-Russian existentialist and religious philosopher.

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Life (magazine)

Life is an American magazine published weekly from 1883 to 1972, as an intermittent "special" until 1978, a monthly from 1978 until 2000, and an online supplement since 2008.

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Lima

Lima, founded in 1535 as the Ciudad de los Reyes (Spanish for "City of Kings"), is the capital and largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín Rivers, in the desert zone of the central coastal part of the country, overlooking the Pacific Ocean.

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Lisbon

Lisbon (Lisboa) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 567,131 as of 2023 within its administrative limits and 2,961,177 within the metropolis. Kyiv and Lisbon are capitals in Europe.

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List of cities in Ukraine

There are 461 populated places in Ukraine that have been officially granted city status (misto) by the Verkhovna Rada, the country's parliament, as of 1 January 2022.

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List of crossings of the Dnieper

This is a list of all current crossings of the river Dnieper (or Dnipro) from its source in Russia, through Belarus, to its river delta near the Dnieper Estuary at Kherson, Ukraine.

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List of European cities by population within city limits

The largest cities in Europe have official populations of over one million inhabitants within their city boundaries.

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List of national landmarks of cultural heritage in Kyiv

List of cultural heritage landmarks of national significance in Kyiv — the capital city of Ukraine.

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List of numbers of people immigrating to Ukraine by country

Immigration into Ukraine post independence has been mainly ethnic Ukrainians already living in nearby countries (for example in 1993 they were 90% of all immigrants); other immigrants were mostly Crimean Tatars and people fleeing wars in Azerbaijan, Transnistria and Ichkeria (now part of Russia as the Chechen Republic).

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List of regions of Ukraine by GDP

This is a list of administrative divisions of Ukraine sorted by their gross regional domestic product (GRPD).

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List of Slavic deities

The pagan Slavs were polytheistic, which means that they worshipped many gods and goddesses.

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List of sovereign states

The following is a list providing an overview of sovereign states around the world with information on their status and recognition of their sovereignty.

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List of universities, colleges, and research institutions in Kyiv

Kyiv has Ukraine's largest concentration of universities, colleges, and research institutions.

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List of World Heritage in Danger

The List of World Heritage in Danger is compiled by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) through the World Heritage Committee according to Article 11.4 of the World Heritage Convention,Full title: Convention concerning the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage which was established in 1972 to designate and manage World Heritage Sites.

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Local government

Local government is a generic term for the lowest tiers of governance or public administration within a particular sovereign state.

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A logo (abbreviation of logotype) is a graphic mark, emblem, or symbol used to aid and promote public identification and recognition.

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Ludmila Anatolievna Yaroshevskaya

Ludmila Anatolievna Yaroshevskaya (14 September 1906 – 27 March 1975) was a Soviet composer, pianist, and concertmistress.

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Lypky

Lypky (Липки) is a historic neighborhood of the Ukrainian capital Kyiv located in the administrative Pecherskyi District.

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Magyar tribes

The Magyar or Hungarian tribes (magyar törzsek) or Hungarian clans were the fundamental political units within whose framework the Hungarians (Magyars) lived, before the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin and the subsequent establishment of the Principality of Hungary.

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Maidan Nezalezhnosti

Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Майдан Незалежності) is the central square of Kyiv, the capital city of Ukraine.

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Maksym Petrenko

Maksym Vitaliovych Petrenko (Максим Віталійович Петренко; 11 December 1983 – 1 June 2022) was a Ukrainian writer, scientist, inventor, educator, soldier of the National Guard of Ukraine, a participant in the Russian-Ukrainian war.

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Mariinskyi Palace

The Mariinskyi Palace (translit) is the official residence of the president of Ukraine.

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Market economy

A market economy is an economic system in which the decisions regarding investment, production and distribution to the consumers are guided by the price signals created by the forces of supply and demand.

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Marshrutka

Marshrutnoye taksi Valerija Marina, Igor Marin, Genovaitė Snuviškienė.

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Mayor of Kyiv

The Head of Kyiv City (translit), unofficially and more commonly the Mayor of Kyiv (translit), is a city official elected by popular vote who serves as a head of the Kyiv city state administration (the capital of Ukraine) and a chairperson the Kyiv City Council.

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Mechanical engineering

Mechanical engineering is the study of physical machines that may involve force and movement.

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Memory of the World Programme

UNESCO's Memory of the World (MoW) Programme is an international initiative launched to safeguard the documentary heritage of humanity against collective amnesia, neglect, decay over time and climatic conditions, as well as deliberate destruction.

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Metropolitan bishop

In Christian churches with episcopal polity, the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan (alternative obsolete form: metropolite), pertains to the diocesan bishop or archbishop of a metropolis.

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Mexico City

Mexico City (Ciudad de México,; abbr.: CDMX; Central Nahuatl:,; Otomi) is the capital and largest city of Mexico, and the most populous city in North America.

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Michael (archangel)

Michael, also called Saint Michael the Archangel, Archangel Michael and Saint Michael the Taxiarch is an archangel in Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and the Baha'i faith.

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Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.

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Mikhail Bulgakov

Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov (p; – 10 March 1940) was a Russian, later Soviet writer, medical doctor, and playwright active in the first half of the 20th century.

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Mikhail Bulgakov Museum

Mikhail Bulgakov Museum (officially known as Literature-Memorial Museum to Mikhail Bulgakov, commonly called the Bulgakov House or Lystovnychyi House) is a museum in Kyiv, Ukraine, dedicated to Kyiv-born Russian writer Mikhail Bulgakov.

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Mikhail Mikeshin

Mikhail Osipovich Mikeshin (Михаил Осипович Микешин; 1835–1896) was a Russian artist who regularly worked for the Romanov family and designed a number of outdoor statues in the major cities of the Russian Empire.

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Mikhail Morgulis

Mikhail Z. Morgulis (Михаил Моргулис) (October 1, 1941 – November 16, 2021) was a Russian-language writer, editor and theologian.

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Milla Jovovich

Milica Bogdanovna Jovovich (born December 17, 1975), known professionally as Milla Jovovich, is an American actress and former fashion model.

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Milton Horn

Milton Horn (September 1, 1906 – March 29, 1995) was a Ukrainian American sculptor and artist known for work that, according to a 1957 citation of honor from the American Institute of Architects, demonstrated "the truth that architecture and sculpture are not two separate arts but, in the hands of sympathetic collaborators, one and the same".

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Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine

The Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (Міністерство освіти і науки України) is the main body in the system of central bodies of the executive power of Ukraine.

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Ministry of Foreign Affairs (South Korea)

South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) is in charge of the country's foreign relations, as well as handling matters related to overseas Korean nationals. It was established on 17 July 1948. Its main office is located in the MOFA Building in Jongno District, Seoul. The ministry previously had its headquarters in a facility in Doryeom-dong in Jongno District.

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Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ukraine)

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine (translit) is the ministry of the Ukrainian government that oversees the foreign relations of Ukraine.

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Moldovans

Moldovans, sometimes referred to as Moldavians (moldoveni), are a Romanian-speaking ethnic group and the largest ethnic group of the Republic of Moldova (75.1% of the population as of 2014) and a significant minority in Romania, Italy, Ukraine and Russia.

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Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'

The Mongol Empire invaded and conquered much of Kievan Rus' in the mid-13th century, sacking numerous cities including the largest such as Kiev (50,000 inhabitants) and Chernigov (30,000 inhabitants).

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Monument to Prince Volodymyr

Monument to Prince Volodymyr, is a monument in Kyiv, dedicated to the Grand Prince of Kyiv Volodymyr the Great, built in 1853.

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Moses of Kiev

Moses of Kiev was a Jewish Talmudist who lived in the first half of the 12th century.

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Mother Ukraine

Mother Ukraine (translit) is a monumental Soviet-era statue in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine.

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Munich

Munich (München) is the capital and most populous city of the Free State of Bavaria, Germany.

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Municipal council

A municipal council is the legislative body of a municipality or local government area.

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Mykhailo Hrushevsky

Mykhailo Serhiiovych Hrushevsky (translit; – 24 November 1934) was a Ukrainian academician, politician, historian and statesman who was one of the most important figures of the Ukrainian national revival of the early 20th century.

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Mykola Kostomarov

Mykola Ivanovych Kostomarov (Микола Іванович Костомаров; May 16, 1817 – April 19, 1885) or Nikolai Ivanovich Kostomarov (Николай Иванович Костомаров) was one of the most distinguished Russian–Ukrainian historians, one of the first anti-Normanists, and the father of modern Ukrainian historiography.

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Mykola Riabchuk

Mykola Riabchuk (Рябчук Микола Юрійович; born September 27, 1953) is Ukrainian public intellectual, journalist, political analyst, literary critic, translator and writer.

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Myronivka

Myronivka is a city in Obukhiv Raion in the southeastern portion of Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine.

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Naftogaz

Naftogaz of Ukraine (НАК "Нафтогаз України", Naftogaz Ukrainy; literally "Naphtha-Gas of Ukraine") is the largest national oil and gas company of Ukraine.

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Natalia Matsak

Natalia Matsak (Наталія Мацак, born 17 March 1982) is a Ukrainian ballet dancer, prima ballerina (since 2005) in the National Opera House of Ukraine, and an Honored Artist of Ukraine (since 2008).

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Natalya Marchenkova

Natalya Semyonovna Marchenkova (Ukrainian: Марченкова Наталя Семенівна; Russian: Наталья Семёновна Марченкова; born 1948) is a Soviet and Ukrainian animator and animation director.

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Natalya Semenchenko

Natalya Semenchenko (Ната́лия Семе́нченко, Ната́лія Семе́нченко – born 24 January 1976 in Kyiv) is a DPhil in Economics, professor, writer and publicist, Head of the Center of scientific thought "Dosvіd".

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National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU; Natsionalna akademiia nauk Ukrainy, NAN Ukraine) is a self-governing state-funded organization in Ukraine that is the main center of development of science and technology by coordinating a system of research institutes in the country.

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National Art Museum of Ukraine

The National Art Museum of Ukraine (Національний Художній Музей України) is a museum dedicated to Ukrainian art in Kyiv, Ukraine.

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National Bank of Ukraine

The National Bank of Ukraine (Natsionalnyi bank Ukrainy, NBU / НБУ) is the central bank of Ukraine.

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National library

A national library is a library established by a government as a country's preeminent repository of information.

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National Museum of the History of Ukraine in the Second World War

The National Museum of the History of Ukraine in the Second World War (Національний музей історії України у Другій світовій війні) is a memorial complex commemorating the German-Soviet War located in the southern outskirts of the Pechersk district of Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine, on the picturesque hills on the right-bank of the Dnipro River.

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National Opera of Ukraine

The Kyiv Opera group in Ukraine was formally established in the summer of 1867, and is the third oldest opera in Ukraine, after Odesa Opera and Lviv Opera.

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National Philharmonic of Ukraine

The National Philharmonic of Ukraine (Національна Філармонія України), often referred to as Kyiv Philharmonic and National Philharmonic, is a complex of two adjacent concert halls in the Khreshchatyi Park in Kyiv, Ukraine.

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National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy

National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy (NaUKMA) (Національний університет «Києво-Могилянська академія» (НаУКМА)), colloquially known as Mohylianka (Могилянка), is a highly ranked national research university located in a historic section of Kyiv, Ukraine.

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Natural disaster

A natural disaster is the very harmful impact on a society or community after a natural hazard event.

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Navigation is a field of study that focuses on the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another.

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Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.

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Nicholas I of Russia

Nicholas I (–) was Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland.

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Nightclub

A nightclub is a club that is open at night, usually for drinking, dancing and other entertainment.

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Nikolai Amosov

Mykola Mikhailovich Amosov, Doctor of Science, Professor (December 6, 1913 – December 12, 2002) (Микола Михайлович Амосов) was a Soviet and Ukrainian doctor of Russian origin, heart surgeon, inventor, best-selling author, and exercise enthusiast, known for his inventions of several surgical procedures for treating heart defects.

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Nikolai Berdyaev

Nikolai Alexandrovich Berdyaev (Никола́й Алекса́ндрович Бердя́ев; – 24 March 1948) was a Russian philosopher, theologian, and Christian existentialist who emphasized the existential spiritual significance of human freedom and the human person.

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Nikolay Karamzin

Nikolay Mikhailovich Karamzin (p) was a Russian historian, romantic writer, poet and critic.

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Nizhyn

Nizhyn (Ніжин,; Нежин) is a city located in Chernihiv Oblast of northern Ukraine along the Oster River. Kyiv and Nizhyn are Cossack Hetmanate, Kiev Voivodeship and Magdeburg rights.

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NKVD

The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (Narodnyy komissariat vnutrennikh del), abbreviated as NKVD, was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union from 1934 to 1946.

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Northern Ukraine campaign

The northern Ukraine campaign was a theater of operation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

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Nuclear power

Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity.

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Obolon (company)

Obolon Joint Stock Company (ПАТ "Оболонь") is a major Ukrainian producer of beverages: beer, low alcohol drinks (cocktails), soda drinks and locally extracted natural mineral water, as well as a major malt producer.

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Obolonskyi District

Obolonskyi District (Obolonskyi raion) is an urban district of the Ukrainian capital Kyiv.

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Ocean Plaza

Ocean Plaza is one of the largest shopping and entertainment complexes of Kyiv, Ukraine.

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October Palace

The October Palace is a performing arts center in Kyiv, Ukraine.

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October Revolution

The October Revolution, also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution (in Soviet historiography), October coup,, britannica.com Bolshevik coup, or Bolshevik revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key moment in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917–1923.

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Odense Municipality

Odense Municipality (Odense Kommune) is a Danish municipality (kommune) in Southern Denmark on the island of Funen in central Denmark.

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Office

An office is a space where the employees of an organization perform administrative work in order to support and realize the various goals of the organization.

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Oksana Shvets

Oksana Oleksandrivna Shvets (10 February 1955 – 17 March 2022) was a Ukrainian actress.

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Old East Slavic

Old East Slavic (traditionally also Old Russian) was a language (or a group of dialects) used by the East Slavs from the 7th or 8th century to the 13th or 14th century, until it diverged into the Russian and Ruthenian languages.

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Old Kyiv

Old Kyiv (Staryi Kyiv) is a historical neighborhood of Kyiv.

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Oleg Blokhin

Oleg Vladimirovich Blokhin, or Oleh Volodymyrovych Blokhin (Оле́г Володи́мирович Блохі́н, Оле́г Влади́мирович Блохи́н; born 5 November 1952), is a Ukrainian and Soviet former football player and manager.

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Oleg Ladik

Oleg Ladik (born 18 September 1971) is a Ukrainian-born Canadian former Olympic wrestler, who won a gold medal in the 1993 Maccabiah Games in Israel.

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Oleg the Wise

Oleg (Ѡлегъ, Ольгъ; Helgi; died 912), also known as Oleg the Wise, was a Varangian prince of the Rus' who became prince of Kiev, and laid the foundations of the Kievan Rus' state.

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Oleg Trubachyov

Oleg Nikolayevich Trubachyov (also transliterated as Trubachev or Trubačev, Оле́г Никола́евич Трубачёв; 23 October 1930, in Stalingrad – 9 March 2002, in Moscow) was a Russian linguist.

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Oleksandr Bilash

Oleksandr Ivanovych Bilash (also spelt Olexandr Bilash, Alexander Bilash, Олександр Іванович Білаш) (6 March 1931 – 6 May 2003) was a Soviet and Ukrainian composer and the author of popular lyric songs, ballads, operas, operettas, oratorios and music for films.

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Oleksandr Omelchenko

Oleksandr Oleksandrovych Omelchenko (Олександр Олександрович Омельченко; 9 August 1938 – 25 November 2021) was a Ukrainian politician.

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Oleksandr Saliuk Jr.

Oleksandr Saliuk Jr. (Олександр Салюк, молодший, born July 16, 1978, in Kyiv, in the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union – in present-day Ukraine) is a rally driver from Ukraine.

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Olga of Kiev

Olga (Ольга; Helga; – 11 July 969) was a regent of Kievan Rus' for her son Sviatoslav from 945 until 957.

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Olha Haidamaka

Olha Haidamaka (Ольга Гайдамака, born 28 November 1990, Kyiv, Ukraine) is a Ukrainian artist.

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Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex

The Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex (also known as Olympic Stadium; translit) is a multi-use sports and recreation facility in Kyiv, Ukraine, located on the slopes of the city's central Cherepanova Hora (Cherepanov Hill), Pecherskyi District.

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Omeljan Pritsak

Omeljan Yosypovych Pritsak (Омелян Йосипович Пріцак; 7 April 1919, Luka, Sambir County, West Ukrainian People's Republic – 29 May 2006, Boston) was the first Mykhailo Hrushevsky Professor of Ukrainian History at Harvard University and the founder and first director (1973–1989) of the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute.

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Open-air museum

An open-air museum is a museum that exhibits collections of buildings and artifacts outdoors.

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Operation Barbarossa

Operation Barbarossa (Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies, starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II.

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Orange Revolution

The Orange Revolution (translit) was a series of protests, that lead to political upheaval in Ukraine from late November 2004 to January 2005.

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Orlando Figes

Orlando Guy Figes (born 20 November 1959) is a British historian and writer.

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Osh Region

Osh Region (translit; Oshskaya oblast) is a region (oblast) of Kyrgyzstan.

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Outline of Ukraine

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Ukraine: Ukraine – country in Eastern Europe.

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Output (economics)

In economics, output is the quantity and quality of goods or services produced in a given time period, within a given economic network, whether consumed or used for further production.

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Palace of Sports, Kyiv

The Palace of Sports (Palats Sportu) is an indoor sport-concert complex situated in the center of Kyiv, Ukraine.

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Pannonian Basin

The Pannonian Basin, or Carpathian Basin, is a large sedimentary basin situated in southeast Central Europe.

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Panorama

A panorama (formed from Greek πᾶν "all" + ὅραμα "view") is any wide-angle view or representation of a physical space, whether in painting, drawing, photography, film, seismic images, or 3D modeling.

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Paris

Paris is the capital and largest city of France. Kyiv and Paris are capitals in Europe.

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Parus Business Centre

The Parus Business Centre (Бізнес Центр «Парус») is a 34-story class-A office building in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine.

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Pechenegs

The Pechenegs or PatzinaksPeçeneq(lər), Peçenek(ler), Middle Turkic: بَجَنَكْ, Pecenegi, Печенег(и), Печеніг(и), Besenyő(k), Πατζινάκοι, Πετσενέγοι, Πατζινακίται, პაჭანიკი, pechenegi, печенези,; Печенези, Pacinacae, Bisseni were a semi-nomadic Turkic people from Central Asia who spoke the Pecheneg language.

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Pechersk, Kyiv

Pechersk (Печерськ) is a historical neighborhood in the city center of Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine.

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Pecherskyi District

Pecherskyi District (Pecherskyi raion) is an urban district of Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine.

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Percentage point

A percentage point or percent point is the unit for the arithmetic difference between two percentages.

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Pereiaslav Agreement

The Pereiaslav Agreement or Pereyaslav Agreement Britannica.

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Peter Lang (publisher)

Peter Lang is an academic publisher specializing in the humanities and social sciences.

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Petro Mohyla

Petro Mohyla (born Petru Movilă; 21 December 1596 –) was the Metropolitan of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus' in the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople in the Eastern Orthodox Church from 1633 to 1646.

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Petro Tolochko

Petro Petrovych Tolochko (21 February 1938 – 28 April 2024) was a Soviet and Ukrainian historian, archaeologist, and political activist.

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Phonograph cylinder

Phonograph cylinders (also referred to as Edison cylinders after its creator Thomas Edison) are the earliest commercial medium for recording and reproducing sound.

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Pilgrim

A pilgrim (from the Latin peregrinus) is a traveler (literally one who has come from afar) who is on a journey to a holy place.

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PinchukArtCentre

PinchukArtCentre is a private contemporary art centre, located in Kyiv with a collection of works by Ukrainian and international artists.

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Podil

Podil or Podol (Поділ) or the Lower cityIvankin, H., Vortman, D..

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Podilskyi District

The Podilskyi District (Podilskyi raion) is an urban district of Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine.

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Podlachia

Podlachia, (translit) or Podlasie (Polish), is a historical region in the north-eastern part of Poland.

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Podolia

Podolia or Podilia (Podillia,; Podolye; Podolia; Podole; Podolien; Padollie; Podolė; Podolie.) is a historic region in Eastern Europe, located in the west-central and south-western parts of Ukraine and in northeastern Moldova (i.e. northern Transnistria). Kyiv and Podolia are Holocaust locations in Ukraine.

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Pogrom

A pogrom is a violent riot incited with the aim of massacring or expelling an ethnic or religious group, particularly Jews.

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Pokrovsky Nunnery

The Pokrovsky Nunnery (translit) in Kyiv, Ukraine, known in full as the Nunnery of the Protection of the Mother of God, is a religious complex, including the Cathedral of St.

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Polans (eastern)

The Polans or Polians (Polanie; Poljane), also known as Polanians, Polianians, and Eastern Polans, were an East Slavic tribe between the 6th and the 9th century, which inhabited both sides of the Dnieper river from Liubech to Rodnia and also down the lower streams of the rivers Ros', Sula, Stuhna, Teteriv, Irpin', Desna and Pripyat.

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Polesia

Polesia, Polissia, Polesie, or Polesye is a natural (geographic) and historical region in Eastern Europe within the bigger East European Plain, including part of eastern Poland and the Belarus–Ukraine border region.

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Polesian Lowland

The Polesian Lowland is a lowland in the southwestern portion of the East European Plain in the drainage basins of several rivers including the Dnieper, Pripyat and Desna.

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Polish language

Polish (język polski,, polszczyzna or simply polski) is a West Slavic language of the Lechitic group within the Indo-European language family written in the Latin script.

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Polish people

Polish people, or Poles, are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation who share a common history, culture, the Polish language and are identified with the country of Poland in Central Europe.

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Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Poland–Lithuania, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and also referred to as the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth or the First Polish Republic, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch in real union, who was both King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania.

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Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth

The Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth (lit, Trijų Tautų Respublika, Річ Посполита ТрьохНародів) was a proposed European state in the 17th century that would have replaced the existing Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, but it was never actually formed.

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Polish–Soviet War

The Polish–Soviet War (late autumn 1918 / 14 February 1919 – 18 March 1921) was fought primarily between the Second Polish Republic and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic before it became a union republic in the aftermath of World War I and the Russian Revolution, on territories which were previously held by the Russian Empire and the Habsburg Monarchy following the Partitions of Poland.

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Political parties in Ukraine

This article presents the historical development and role of political parties in Ukrainian politics, and outlines more extensively the significant modern political parties since Ukraine gained independence in 1991.

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Population ageing

Population ageing is an increasing median age in a population because of declining fertility rates and rising life expectancy.

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Post-Soviet states

The post-Soviet states, also referred to as the former Soviet Union (FSU) or the former Soviet republics, are the independent sovereign states that emerged/re-emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.

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President of Ukraine

The president of Ukraine (Prezydent Ukrainy) is the head of state of Ukraine.

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Pretoria

Pretoria, is South Africa's administrative capital, serving as the seat of the executive branch of government, and as the host to all foreign embassies to South Africa.

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Primary Chronicle

The Russian Primary Chronicle, commonly shortened to Primary Chronicle (translit, commonly transcribed Povest' vremennykh let (PVL)), is a chronicle of Kievan Rus' from about 850 to 1110.

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Prime Minister of Israel

The prime minister of Israel (Head of the Government, Hebrew acronym: רה״מ; رئيس الحكومة, Ra'īs al-Ḥukūma) is the head of government and chief executive of the State of Israel.

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Principality of Kiev

The inner Principality of Kiev was a medieval principality centered on the city of Kiev.

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Pritzker family

The Pritzker family is an American family engaged in entrepreneurship and philanthropy, and one of the wealthiest families in the United States (staying in the top 10 of Forbes magazine's "America's Richest Families" list since the magazine began such listings in 1982).

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Proto-Slavic language

Proto-Slavic (abbreviated PSl., PS.; also called Common Slavic or Common Slavonic) is the unattested, reconstructed proto-language of all Slavic languages.

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Ptolemy's world map

The Ptolemy world map is a map of the world known to Greco-Roman societies in the 2nd century.

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Public utility

A public utility company (usually just utility) is an organization that maintains the infrastructure for a public service (often also providing a service using that infrastructure).

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Puppet

A puppet is an object, often resembling a human, animal or mythical figure, that is animated or manipulated by a person called a puppeteer.

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Pyrohiv

Pyrohiv (Пирогі́в) is a former village, now a residential neighbouhood, on the southern outskirts of Kyiv.

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Raion

A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states.

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Red University Building

The Red University Building (Ukrainian: Червоний корпус Київського університету; translit.: Chervonyi Korpus Universytetu) is the principal and oldest 4-story building of the Kyiv University located at 60 Volodymyrska Street, in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine.

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Reforms of Russian orthography

Russian orthography has been reformed officially and unofficially by changing the Russian alphabet over the course of the history of the Russian language.

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Representative democracy

Representative democracy (also called electoral democracy or indirect democracy) is a type of democracy where representatives are elected by the public.

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Research institute

A research institute, research centre, research center or research organization is an establishment founded for doing research.

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Resident registration

A resident register is a government database which contains information on the current residence of persons.

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Retail

Retail is the sale of goods and services to consumers, in contrast to wholesaling, which is sale to business or institutional customers.

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Riga

Riga is the capital, the primate, and the largest city of Latvia, as well as one of the most populous cities in the Baltic States. Kyiv and Riga are capitals in Europe.

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Rinat Akhmetov

Rinat Leonidovych Akhmetov (born 21 September 1966) is a Ukrainian billionaire and businessman.

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Ring road

A ring road (also known as circular road, beltline, beltway, circumferential (high)way, loop or orbital) is a road or a series of connected roads encircling a town, city or country.

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Rio de Janeiro

Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro.

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Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.

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Romanesque art

Romanesque art is the art of Europe from approximately 1000 AD to the rise of the Gothic style in the 12th century, or later depending on region.

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Romanization of Russian

The romanization of the Russian language (the transliteration of Russian text from the Cyrillic script into the Latin script), aside from its primary use for including Russian names and words in text written in a Latin alphabet, is also essential for computer users to input Russian text who either do not have a keyboard or word processor set up for inputting Cyrillic, or else are not capable of typing rapidly using a native Russian keyboard layout (JCUKEN).

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Rome

Rome (Italian and Roma) is the capital city of Italy. Kyiv and Rome are capitals in Europe and holy cities.

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Rotterdam plus

"Rotterdam plus" or "Rotterdam+" is a methodology (formula) for determining the steam coal's price for thermal power plants, based on import parity principle, which was used to forecast the wholesale market price of electricity.

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Route from the Varangians to the Greeks

The trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks was a medieval trade route that connected Scandinavia, Kievan Rus' and the Eastern Roman Empire.

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Rurik Rostislavich

Rurik Rostislavich, also spelt Riurik, (died 1215) was Prince of Novgorod (1170–1171), Belgorod (1173–1194), Grand Prince of Kiev (1173; 1180–1181; 1194–1201; 1203–1204; 1205-1206; 1207–1210), and Prince of Chernigov (1210–1214).

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Rurikids

The Rurik dynasty, also known as the Rurikid or Riurikid dynasty, as well as simply Rurikids or Riurikids, was a noble lineage allegedly founded by the Varangian prince Rurik, who, according to tradition, established himself at Novgorod in the year 862. The Rurikids were the ruling dynasty of Kievan Rus' and its principalities following its disintegration.

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Rus' people

The Rus, also known as Russes, were a people in early medieval Eastern Europe.

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Rush hour

A rush hour (American English, British English) or peak hour (Australian English) is a part of the day during which traffic congestion on roads and crowding on public transport is at its highest.

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Russian Armed Forces

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, commonly referred to as the Russian Armed Forces, are the military of Russia.

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Russian Civil War

The Russian Civil War was a multi-party civil war in the former Russian Empire sparked by the overthrowing of the social-democratic Russian Provisional Government in the October Revolution, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917.

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Russian Geographical Society

The Russian Geographical Society (Ру́сское географи́ческое о́бщество (РГО)), or RGO, is a learned society based in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

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Russian invasion of Ukraine

On 24 February 2022, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, which started in 2014.

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Russian language

Russian is an East Slavic language, spoken primarily in Russia.

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Russian language in Ukraine

Russian is the most common first language in the Donbas and Crimea regions of Ukraine and the city of Kharkiv, and the predominant language in large cities in the eastern and southern portions of the country.

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Russian literature

Russian literature refers to the literature of Russia, its émigrés, and to Russian-language literature.

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Russian Orthodox Church

The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; Russkaya pravoslavnaya tserkov', abbreviated as РПЦ), alternatively legally known as the Moscow Patriarchate (Moskovskiy patriarkhat), is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Christian church.

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Russian Republic

The Russian Republic, referred to as the Russian Democratic Federal Republic in the 1918 Constitution, was a short-lived state which controlled, de jure, the territory of the former Russian Empire after its proclamation by the Russian Provisional Government on 1 September (14 September) 1917 in a decree signed by Alexander Kerensky as Minister-Chairman and Alexander Zarudny as Minister of Justice.

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Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution was a period of political and social change in Russia, starting in 1917.

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Russians

Russians (russkiye) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe.

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Russification

Russification (rusifikatsiya), or Russianization, is a form of cultural assimilation in which non-Russians, whether involuntarily or voluntarily, give up their culture and language in favor of the Russian culture and the Russian language.

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Russo-Ukrainian War

The ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War began in February 2014.

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Sack of Kiev (1169)

The sack of Kiev took place on 8–12 March 1169 when a coalition of 11 princes, assembled by prince Andrey Bogolyubsky of Vladimir-Suzdal, attacked the Kievan Rus' capital city of Kiev (modern Kyiv) during the 1167–1169 Kievan succession crisis.

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Saint Michael's Square

Saint Michael's Square (translit) is a square in Old Kyiv, Ukraine.

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Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv

Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, Ukraine, is an architectural monument of Kievan Rus'.

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Saint Volodymyr Hill

Volodymyrska Hill or Saint Volodymyr Hill (Володимирська гірка, "Volodymyrska hirka") is a large park located on the steep right-bank of the Dnipro River in central Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine.

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Santiago

Santiago, also known as Santiago de Chile, is the capital and largest city of Chile and one of the largest cities in the Americas.

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Scandinavia

Scandinavia is a subregion of Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples.

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Schechter Letter

The Schechter Letter, also called the Genizah Letter or Cambridge Document, was discovered in the Cairo Geniza by Solomon Schechter in 1912.

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Schutzstaffel

The Schutzstaffel (SS; also stylised as ᛋᛋ with Armanen runes) was a major paramilitary organisation under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II.

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Scythians

The Scythians or Scyths (but note Scytho- in composition) and sometimes also referred to as the Pontic Scythians, were an ancient Eastern Iranic equestrian nomadic people who had migrated during the 9th to 8th centuries BC from Central Asia to the Pontic Steppe in modern-day Ukraine and Southern Russia, where they remained established from the 7th century BC until the 3rd century BC.

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Serge Lifar

Serge Lifar (Сергій Михайлович Лифар, Serhіy Mуkhailovуch Lуfar) (15 December 1986) was a Ukrainian dancer, choreographer, and one of the greatest male ballet dancers of the 20th century.

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Seven Wonders of Ukraine

The Seven Wonders of Ukraine (Sim chudes Ukraïny) are seven historical and cultural monuments of Ukraine, which were chosen in the Seven Wonders of Ukraine contest held in July, 2007.

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Shakira

Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll (born 2 February 1977), known mononymously as Shakira, is a Colombian singer and songwriter.

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Shevchenkivskyi District, Kyiv

The Shevchenkivskyi District (Shevchenkivskyi raion) is an urban district of the city of Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine.

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Siege of Kiev (1240)

The siege of Kiev by the Mongols took place between 28 November and 6 December 1240, and resulted in a Mongol victory.

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Siege of Kiev (968)

The siege of Kiev by the Pechenegs in 968 (sub anno 6476) is narrated in pages 65.19–67.20 of the Primary Chronicle, its an account that freely mixes historical details with folklore.

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Sister city

A sister city or a twin town relationship is a form of legal or social agreement between two geographically and politically distinct localities for the purpose of promoting cultural and commercial ties.

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Slavs

The Slavs or Slavic people are groups of people who speak Slavic languages.

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Social class

A social class or social stratum is a grouping of people into a set of hierarchical social categories, the most common being the working class, middle class, and upper class.

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Sofia

Sofia (Sofiya) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. Kyiv and Sofia are capitals in Europe.

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Sokil Kyiv

Hockey Club Sokil Kyiv (ХК Сокіл Київ; Falcon Hockey Club), commonly known as Sokil Kyiv or HC Sokil, is a Ukrainian professional ice hockey team based in Kyiv.

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Solomianskyi District

Solomianskyi District (Solomianskyi raion) is a district in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine.

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Sonya Koshkina

Sonya Koshkina (Ukrainian: Со́ня Ко́шкіна; alternate Romanizations, Sonja Koškina and Soni︠a︡ Koshkina; born July 8, 1985) is the pen name of Ksenia Mykytivna Vasilenko (Ксенія Микитівна Василенко), a Ukrainian journalist, who is also co-owner and editor-in-chief of the online publication, (Livyi Bereh).

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Soviet Cup

The Soviet Cup, or USSR Cup (Кубок СССР), was the premier football cup competition in the Soviet Union conducted by the Football Federation of the Soviet Union.

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Soviet Super Cup

The USSR Super Cup, also known as the Season's Cup, was an unofficial exhibition game (or game series) not sanctioned by the Football Federation of the Soviet Union and that featured the winners of the previous season's Soviet Top League and USSR Cup in a one- or two-legged playoff for the trophy.

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Soviet Top League

The Soviet Top League, known after 1970 as the Higher League (Vyschaya Liga), served as the top division (tier) of Soviet Union football from 1936 until 1991.

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Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

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St Andrew's Church, Kyiv

St Andrew's Church (Андріївська церква, Andriivska tserkva) is an Orthodox church in Kyiv, constructed between 1747 and 1754 to a design by the Italian architect Bartolomeo Rastrelli.

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St Volodymyr's Cathedral

St Volodymyr's Cathedral (Володимирський собор) is a cathedral in the centre of Kyiv, and one of the city's major landmarks.

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St. Cyril's Monastery, Kyiv

St.

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St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery

St.

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St. Nicholas Roman Catholic Church, Kyiv

The Church of St.

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Stockholm

Stockholm is the capital and most populous city of the Kingdom of Sweden as well as the largest urban area in the Nordic countries. Kyiv and Stockholm are capitals in Europe.

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Stone Age

The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make stone tools with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface.

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Substation

A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system.

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Suprematism

Suprematism (супремати́зм) is an early twentieth-century art movement focused on the fundamentals of geometry (circles, squares, rectangles), painted in a limited range of colors.

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Suzhou

Suzhou (Suzhounese: ''sou¹ tseu¹'', Mandarin), alternately romanized as Soochow, is a major prefecture-level city in Jiangsu province, China.

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Sviatoshynskyi District

Sviatoshynskyi District (Sviatoshynskyi raion) is an urban district in the city of Kyiv located at the western part of city.

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Sviatoslav I

Sviatoslav or Svyatoslav I Igorevich (Svętoslavŭ Igorevičǐ; Old Norse: Sveinald; – 972) was Prince of Kiev from 945 until his death in 972.

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Switchgear

In an electric power system, a switchgear is composed of electrical disconnect switches, fuses or circuit breakers used to control, protect and isolate electrical equipment.

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Tallinn

Tallinn is the capital and most populous city of Estonia. Kyiv and Tallinn are capitals in Europe.

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Tampere

Tampere (Tammerfors) is a city in Finland and the regional capital of Pirkanmaa.

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Taras Shevchenko

Taras Hryhorovych Shevchenko (Тарас Григорович Шевченко; 9 March 1814 – 10 March 1861) was a Ukrainian poet, writer, artist, public and political figure, folklorist and ethnographer.

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Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv

The Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка; also known as Kyiv University, Shevchenko University, or KNU) is a public university in Kyiv, Ukraine.

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Tashkent

Tashkent, or Toshkent in Uzbek, is the capital and largest city of Uzbekistan.

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Tatars

The Tatars, in the Collins English Dictionary formerly also spelt Tartars, is an umbrella term for different Turkic ethnic groups bearing the name "Tatar" across Eastern Europe and Asia. Initially, the ethnonym Tatar possibly referred to the Tatar confederation. That confederation was eventually incorporated into the Mongol Empire when Genghis Khan unified the various steppe tribes.

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Taxi

A taxi, also known as a taxicab or simply a cab, is a type of vehicle for hire with a driver, used by a single passenger or small group of passengers, often for a non-shared ride.

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Tbilisi

Tbilisi (თბილისი), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis, (tr) is the capital and largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of around 1.2 million people. Kyiv and Tbilisi are 5th-century establishments, capitals in Europe and populated places established in the 5th century.

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The Holocaust in Ukraine

The Holocaust in Ukraine was the systematic mass murder of Jews in the Reichskommissariat Ukraine, the General Government, the Crimean General Government and some areas which were located to the East of Reichskommissariat Ukraine (all of those areas were under the military control of Nazi Germany), in the Transnistria Governorate and Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and the Hertsa region (all of those areas were then part of Romania, with the latter three areas being re-annexed) and Carpathian Ruthenia (then part of Hungary) during World War II.

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The Royal Ballet

The Royal Ballet is a British internationally renowned classical ballet company, based at the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden, London, England.

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Theophan Prokopovich

Theophan or Feofan Prokopovich (Феофан Прокопович; Feofan Prokopovych) was a Russian Orthodox bishop, theologian, pietist, writer, poet, mathematician, astronomer, pedagogue and philosopher of Ukrainian origin.

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Third Energy Package

The European Union's Third Energy Package is a legislative package for an internal gas and electricity market in the European Union.

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Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Kyiv)

The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is a war memorial located in the Ukrainian capital of Kyiv, dedicated to the soldiers of the Red Army killed in the Second World War.

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Toponymy

Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of toponyms (proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage and types.

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Toronto

Toronto is the most populous city in Canada and the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario.

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Toulouse

Toulouse (Tolosa) is the prefecture of the French department of Haute-Garonne and of the larger region of Occitania.

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Traffic congestion

Traffic congestion is a condition in transport that is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased vehicular queueing.

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Tram

A tram (also known as a streetcar or trolley in the United States and Canada) is a type of urban rail transit consisting of either individual railcars or self-propelled multiple unit trains that run on tramway tracks on urban public streets; some include segments on segregated right-of-way.

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Trams in Berlin

The Berlin tramway (Straßenbahn Berlin) is the main tram system in Berlin, Germany.

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Trams in Kyiv

The Kyiv Tram is a tram network that serves the Ukrainian capital Kyiv.

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Transport in Kyiv

Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine, has an extensive and rapidly developing transportation infrastructure serving local public needs and facilitating external passenger and cargo traffic.

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Treaty of Hadiach

The Treaty of Hadiach (ugoda hadziacka; гадяцький договір) was a treaty signed on 16 September 1658 in Hadiach (Hadziacz, Hadiacz, Гадяч) between representatives of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (representing Poland and representing Lithuania) and Zaporozhian Cossacks (represented by Hetman Ivan Vyhovsky and starshina Yuri Nemyrych, the architect of the treaty, and Pavlo Teteria).

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Tributary

A tributary, or an affluent, is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream (main stem or "parent"), river, or a lake.

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Tripoli, Libya

Tripoli (translation) is the capital and largest city of Libya, with a population of about 1.183 million people in 2023.

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Trolleybus

A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tramin the 1910s and 1920sJoyce, J.; King, J. S.; and Newman, A. G. (1986). British Trolleybus Systems, pp. 9, 12. London: Ian Allan Publishing..or trolleyDunbar, Charles S. (1967). Buses, Trolleys & Trams. Paul Hamlyn Ltd.

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Truce of Andrusovo

The Truce of Andrusovo (Rozejm w Andruszowie, Андрусовское перемирие, also sometimes known as Treaty of Andrusovo) established a thirteen-and-a-half year truce, signed on between the Tsardom of Russia and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which had fought the Russo-Polish War since 1654 over the territories of modern-day Ukraine and Belarus.

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Trukhaniv Island

Trukhaniv Island (Trukhaniv ostriv) is an island located on the Dnieper River opposite the historic Podil neighbourhood of the city of Kyiv.

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Tsar

Tsar (also spelled czar, tzar, or csar; tsar; tsar'; car) is a title historically used by Slavic monarchs.

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Tsardom of Russia

The Tsardom of Russia, also known as the Tsardom of Muscovy, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721. From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew by an average of per year. The period includes the upheavals of the transition from the Rurik to the Romanov dynasties, wars with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire, and the Russian conquest of Siberia, to the reign of Peter the Great, who took power in 1689 and transformed the tsardom into an empire.

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UEFA

The Union of European Football Associations (UEFA; Union des associations européennes de football; Union der europäischen Fußballverbände) is one of six continental bodies of governance in association football.

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UEFA Euro 2012

The 2012 UEFA European Football Championship, commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2012 or simply Euro 2012, was the 14th European Championship for men's national football teams organised by UEFA.

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Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe.

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Ukraine after the Russian Revolution

Various factions fought over Ukrainian territory after the collapse of the Russian Empire following the Russian Revolution of 1917 and after the First World War ended in 1918, resulting in the collapse of Austria-Hungary, which had ruled Ukrainian Galicia.

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Ukraine national football team

The Ukraine national football team (Збірна України з футболу) represents Ukraine in men's international football, and is governed by the Ukrainian Association of Football, the governing body for football in Ukraine.

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Ukraine–European Union relations

International relations between the European Union (EU) and Ukraine are shaped through the Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement and the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA).

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Ukrainian Auxiliary Police

The Ukrainian Auxiliary Police (Ukrainische Hilfspolizei; Ukrainska dopomizhna politsiia) was the official title of the local police formation (a type of hilfspolizei) set up by Nazi Germany during World War II in Eastern Galicia and Reichskommissariat Ukraine, shortly after the German occupation of the Western Ukrainian SSR in Operation Barbarossa.

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Ukrainian hryvnia

The (гривня,: грн hrn; sign: ₴; code: UAH) has been the national currency of Ukraine since 2 September 1996.

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Ukrainian National Chernobyl Museum

The Ukrainian National Chernobyl Museum (Український національний музей "Чорнобиль", Ukrayins'kyy natsional'nyy muzey "Chornobyl'") is a history museum in Kyiv, Ukraine, dedicated to the 1986 Chernobyl disaster and its consequences.

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Ukrainian News Agency

The Ukrainian News Agency (Informatsiine ahentstvo "Ukrainski Novyny") is a Kyiv-based Ukrainian news agency.

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Ukrainian People's Republic

The Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) was a short-lived state in Eastern Europe.

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Ukrainian Premier League

The Ukrainian Premier League ("Українська Прем'єр-ліга", Ukrainska Premier Liha) or UPL is the highest division of Ukrainian annual football championship.

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Ukrainian Railways

Ukrainian Railways or Ukrzaliznytsia (UZ) (Укрзалізниця) is a state-owned joint-stock company administering railway infrastructure and rail transport in Ukraine; a monopoly that controls the vast majority of the railroad transportation in the country.

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Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia

The Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia (Ukrainska radianska entsyklopediia) was a multi-purpose encyclopedia of Ukraine, issued in the USSR.

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Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukrainska Radianska Sotsialistychna Respublika; Ukrainskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), abbreviated as the Ukrainian SSR, UkSSR, and also known as Soviet Ukraine or just Ukraine, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from 1922 until 1991.

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Ukrainian–Soviet War

The Ukrainian–Soviet War (translit) is the term commonly used in post-Soviet Ukraine for the events taking place between 1917 and 1921, nowadays regarded essentially as a war between the Ukrainian People's Republic and the Bolsheviks (Russian SFSR and Ukrainian SSR).

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Ukrainians

Ukrainians (ukraintsi) are a civic nation and an ethnic group native to Ukraine.

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Ukrainization

Ukrainization (also spelled Ukrainisation; Ukrainizatsiia) is a policy or practice of increasing the usage and facilitating the development of the Ukrainian language and promoting other elements of Ukrainian culture in various spheres of public life such as education, publishing, government, and religion.

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Ukrainka, Kyiv Oblast

Ukrainka (Ukrajinka) is a city in Obukhiv Raion, Kyiv Oblast (province) of Ukraine. Kyiv and Ukrainka, Kyiv Oblast are Kyiv metropolitan area and populated places on the Dnieper in Ukraine.

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Ukrainska Pravda

Ukrainska Pravda (lit) is a Ukrainian online newspaper founded by Georgiy Gongadze on 16 April 2000 (the day of the Ukrainian constitutional referendum).

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Ukrinform

The National News Agency of Ukraine (Українське національне інформаційне агентство), or Ukrinform (Укрінформ), is a state information and news agency, and international broadcaster of Ukraine.

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Unemployment

Unemployment, according to the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), is people above a specified age (usually 15) not being in paid employment or self-employment but currently available for work during the reference period.

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UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; pronounced) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture.

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Union of Lublin

The Union of Lublin (Unia lubelska; Liublino unija) was signed on 1 July 1569 in Lublin, Poland, and created a single state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest countries in Europe at the time.

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United Arab Emirates

The United Arab Emirates (UAE), or simply the Emirates, is a country in West Asia, in the Middle East.

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United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.

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United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) is the United States' official memorial to the Holocaust.

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University of Toronto Press

The University of Toronto Press is a Canadian university press.

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Upper Paleolithic

The Upper Paleolithic (or Upper Palaeolithic) is the third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age.

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Urban districts of Ukraine

An urban district or urban raion (miskyi raion) is the second-level administrative division in certain cities in Ukraine.

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Urban sprawl

Urban sprawl (also known as suburban sprawl or urban encroachment) is defined as "the spreading of urban developments (such as houses, dense multi family apartments, office buildings and shopping centers) on undeveloped land near a more or less densely populated city".

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Uwe Backes

Uwe Backes (born 2 February 1960 in Greimerath) is a German political scientist and specialist in political extremism.

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Uzyn

Uzyn is a city in Bila Tserkva Raion of Kyiv Oblast (province) of northern Ukraine.

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Valeriy Lobanovskyi

Valeriy Vasylyovych Lobanovskyi (Вале́рій Васи́льович Лобано́вський,; 6 January 1939 – 13 May 2002) was а Soviet and Ukrainian football player and manager.

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Valeriy Lobanovskyi Dynamo Stadium

The Stadion Dynamo imeni Valeria Lobanovskoho is a multi-functional stadium in Kyiv, Ukraine that is modified for football use only.

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Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht

Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (V&R) is a scholarly publishing house based in Göttingen, Germany.

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Varangians

The Varangians"," Online Etymology Dictionary were Viking conquerors, traders and settlers, mostly from present-day Sweden.

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Vasylkiv

Vasylkiv (Васильків,, Васильков, Vasilkov) is a city on the Stuhna River in Obukhiv Raion, Kyiv Oblast, central Ukraine. Kyiv and Vasylkiv are Kyiv metropolitan area.

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Vehicle registration plate

A vehicle registration plate, also known as a number plate (British, Indian and Australian English) or license plate (American English) or licence plate (Canadian English), is a metal or plastic plate attached to a motor vehicle or trailer for official identification purposes.

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Veliky Novgorod

Veliky Novgorod (lit), also known simply as Novgorod (Новгород), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia.

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Verkhovna Rada

The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (often as Verkhovna Rada or simply Rada, VR) is the unicameral parliament of Ukraine.

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Verkhovna Rada building

The Verkhovna Rada building (Будинок Верховної Ради, romanized: Budynok Verkhovnoi Rady) is located in the center of Kyiv, in the Pecherskyi District.

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Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine

The Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine, VNLU (Національна бібліотека України імені В.І.) is the main academic library and main scientific information centre in Ukraine, one of the world's largest national libraries.

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Viacheslav Kryshtofovych

Viacheslav Syhyzmundovych Kryshtofovych (В'ячеслав Сигизмундович Криштофович; born 26 October 1947) is a Ukrainian film director and actor who is the recipient of the Honored Art Worker of Ukraine, Oleksandr Dovzhenko State Prize and the Order of Merit.

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Vienna

Vienna (Wien; Austro-Bavarian) is the capital, most populous city, and one of nine federal states of Austria. Kyiv and Vienna are capitals in Europe.

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Vikentiy Khvoyka

Vikentiy Viacheslavovych Khvoyka (Вікентій В'ячеславович Хвойка; Викентий Вячеславович Хвойка; Vincenc Častoslav Chvojka; born Čeněk Chvojka; 1850–1914) was an archaeologist who discovered the Neolithic Trypillia culture of Ukraine.

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Vikings

Vikings were seafaring people originally from Scandinavia (present-day Denmark, Norway, and Sweden), who from the late 8th to the late 11th centuries raided, pirated, traded, and settled throughout parts of Europe.

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Viktor Ivanov (film director)

Viktor Mykhailovych Ivanov (Віктор Михайлович Іванов; – 18 June 1981) was a Ukrainian Soviet film director who is known as the creator of the comedy film Chasing Two Hares.

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Viktor Kaspruk

Victor Arsenyevich Kaspruk (Віктор Арсенович Каспрук; born April 30, 1955, in Kiev) is a Ukrainian political scientist, political analyst, journalist, and publicist.

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Viktor Yanukovych

Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych (born 9 July 1950) is a former Ukrainian politician who served as the fourth president of Ukraine from 2010 to 2014.

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Vilnius

Vilnius, previously known in English as Vilna, is the capital of and largest city in Lithuania and the second-most-populous city in the Baltic states. Kyiv and Vilnius are capitals in Europe and Magdeburg rights.

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Virgin of Vladimir

The Virgin of Vladimir, also known as Vladimir Mother of God, Our Lady of Vladimir (Владимирская икона Божией Матери;,.

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Visitor center

A visitor center or centre (see American and British English spelling differences), visitor information center or tourist information centre is a physical location that provides information to tourists.

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Vitali Klitschko

Vitalii Volodymyrovych Klychko (Віта́лій Володи́мирович Кличко́; born 19 July 1971), known as Vitali Klitschko, is a Ukrainian politician and former professional boxer.

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Vladimir Horowitz

Vladimir Samoylovich Horowitz (November 5, 1989) was a Russian and American pianist.

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Vladimir Lenin

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist.

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Vladimir Olgerdovich

Vladimir Olgerdovich (died after 1398) was the son of Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, his first wife was Maria of Vitebsk.

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Vladimir the Great

Vladimir I Sviatoslavich or Volodymyr I Sviatoslavych (Volodiměr Svętoslavič; Christian name: Basil; 15 July 1015), given the epithet "the Great", was Prince of Novgorod from 970 and Grand Prince of Kiev from 978 until his death in 1015. The Eastern Orthodox Church canonised him as Saint Vladimir.

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Vladimir-Suzdal

Vladimir-Suzdal (Владимирско-Су́здальская, Vladimirsko-Suzdal'skaya), formally known as the Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal or Grand Principality of Vladimir (1157–1331) (translit; Volodimeriae), also as Suzdalia or Vladimir-Suzdalian Rus', was one of the major principalities emerging from Kievan Rus' in the late 12th century, centered in Vladimir-on-Klyazma.

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Volhynia

Volhynia (also spelled Volynia) (Volynʹ, Wołyń, Volynʹ) is a historic region in Central and Eastern Europe, between southeastern Poland, southwestern Belarus, and western Ukraine.

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Vyshhorod

Vyshhorod (Вишгород,; Vyshgorod) is a city in Kyiv Oblast, central Ukraine, situated immediately north of the capital Kyiv, and part of the Kyiv metropolitan area. Kyiv and Vyshhorod are populated places on the Dnieper in Ukraine.

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Vytautas

Vytautas (c. 135027 October 1430), also known as Vytautas the Great (Lithuanian:, Вітаўт, Vitaŭt, Witold Kiejstutowicz, Witold Aleksander or Witold Wielki, Вітовт (Vitovt), Ruthenian: Витовт (Vitovt), Latin: Alexander Vitoldus, Old German: Wythaws or Wythawt) from the late 14th century onwards, was a ruler of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

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Warsaw

Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and largest city of Poland. Kyiv and Warsaw are capitals in Europe.

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Wehrmacht

The Wehrmacht were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945.

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Western Russian fortresses

The Western Russian fortresses are a system of fortifications built by the Russian Empire in Eastern Europe in the early 19th century.

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Western world

The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to various nations and states in the regions of Australasia, Western Europe, and Northern America; with some debate as to whether those in Eastern Europe and Latin America also constitute the West.

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WhatsApp

WhatsApp (officially WhatsApp Messenger) is an instant messaging (IM) and voice-over-IP (VoIP) service owned by technology conglomerate Meta.

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White Army

The White Army (pre-1918 spelling, although used by the Whites even afterwards to differentiate from the Reds./Белая армия|Belaya armiya) or White Guard (label), also referred to as the Whites or White Guardsmen (label), was a common collective name for the armed formations of the White movement and anti-Bolshevik governments during the Russian Civil War.

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Workforce

In macroeconomics, the labor force is the sum of those either working (i.e., the employed) or looking for work (i.e., the unemployed): \text.

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World Bank

The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects.

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World Heritage Convention

The World Heritage Convention, formally the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, is an international treaty signed on 23 November 1972, which created the World Heritage Sites, with the primary goals of nature conservation and the preservation and security of cultural properties.

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World Heritage Site

World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection by an international convention administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance.

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World Meteorological Organization

The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for promoting international cooperation on atmospheric science, climatology, hydrology and geophysics.

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World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

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Wuhan

Wuhan is the capital of Hubei Province of China.

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Yahotyn

Yahotyn is a city in Boryspil Raion, Kyiv Oblast (region) of Ukraine. Kyiv and Yahotyn are Holocaust locations in Ukraine.

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Yak tebe ne liubyty, Kyieve mii!

Yak tebe ne liubyty, Kyieve mii! (Як тебе не любити, Києве мій! How can I not love you, Kyiv of mine?) is a lyrical song of Kyiv composer Ihor Shamo and lyrics by poet.

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Yaroslav the Wise

Yaroslav I Vladimirovich (978 – 20 February 1054), better known as Yaroslav the Wise, was Grand Prince of Kiev from 1019 until his death in 1054.

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Yehupetz

Yehupetz (יעהופיץ, יהופיץ, Yehupets) is a semifictional city in the Russian Empire, a portrayal of Kyiv (Ukraine) in Sholem Aleichem stories.

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Yerevan

Yerevan (Երևան; sometimes spelled Erevan) is the capital and largest city of Armenia, as well as one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities.

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Yiddish

Yiddish (ייִדיש, יידיש or אידיש, yidish or idish,,; ייִדיש-טײַטש, historically also Yidish-Taytsh) is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews.

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Yudif Grigorevna Rozhavskaya

Yudif Grigorevna Rozhavskaya (12 November 1923-10 March 1982) was a Ukrainian pianist and a versatile composer who worked in many genres, including serialism.

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Yuliia Paievska

Yuliia Heorhiivna "Taira" Paievska (translit; sometimes written as Yulia Paevska) is a Ukrainian medic who founded the volunteer ambulance corps "Taira's Angels" during the Russo-Ukrainian War.

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Yuriy Rybchynskyi

Yuriy Yevhenovych Rybchynskyi (Ю́рій Євге́нович Рибчи́нський; born 22 May 1945) is a Ukrainian poet, songwriter and playwright who is a recipient of both the Hero of Ukraine and People's Artist of Ukraine.

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Zamkova Hora (Kyiv)

Zamkova Hora hill (Замкова Гора, literally Castle Hill) in Kyiv, Ukraine is a historical landmark in the center of the city.

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Zoloti Vorota (Kyiv Metro)

Zoloti Vorota (Золоті́ воро́та) is a station on the Kyiv Metro system that serves Kyiv, the capital city of Ukraine.

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1,000,000,000

1,000,000,000 (one billion, short scale; one thousand million or one milliard, one yard, long scale) is the natural number following 999,999,999 and preceding 1,000,000,001.

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1500th anniversary of Kiev

The 1500th anniversary of Kiev, the capital of the Ukrainian SSR, was an event held in 1982.

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1919 Kiev city census

The 1919 Kiev city census was the first census conducted in the city of Kiev following the Bolshevik occupation of the city in February 1919, taking place on March 16, 1919.

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1926 Soviet census

The 1926 Soviet census (Всесоюзная перепись населения, All-Union census) took place in December 1926.

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1959 Soviet census

The 1959 Soviet census conducted in January 1959 was the first post-World War II census held in the Soviet Union.

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1980 Summer Olympics

The 1980 Summer Olympics (Letnije Olimpijskije igry 1980), officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad (Igry XXII Olimpiady) and officially branded as Moscow 1980 (Москва 1980), were an international multi-sport event held from 19 July to 3 August 1980 in Moscow, Soviet Union, in present-day Russia.

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2001 Ukrainian census

The 2001 Ukrainian census is to date the only census of the population of independent Ukraine.

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2007–2008 financial crisis

The 2007–2008 financial crisis, or the global financial crisis (GFC), was the most severe worldwide economic crisis since the Great Depression.

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2008–2009 Ukrainian financial crisis

Ukraine was hit heavily by the Great Recession, the World Bank expected Ukraine's economy to shrink 15% in 2009 with inflation having been 16.4%.

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2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference

The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference, commonly known as the Copenhagen Summit, was held at the Bella Center in Copenhagen, Denmark, between 7 and 18 December.

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2014 Kyiv local election

Local elections in Kyiv for the post of Mayor and members of Kyiv City Council took place on 25 May 2014, as part of the 2014 Ukrainian local elections.

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2020 Kyiv local elections

The 2020 Kyiv local elections were held on 25 October 2020 to elect the Mayor of Kyiv and the 120-seat City Council as a part of wider 2020 Ukrainian local elections, which took place on the same day.

See Kyiv and 2020 Kyiv local elections

See also

5th-century establishments

Cities with special status in Ukraine

Kiev Voivodeship

Kievsky Uyezd

Kyiv metropolitan area

Magdeburg rights

Oblast centers in Ukraine

Populated places established in the 5th century

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv

Also known as Capital city of Ukraine, Capital of Ukraine, Chiovy, City of Kyiv, Demographics of Kyiv, Economy of Kyiv, Education in Kyiv, Ethnic groups in Kyiv, KIEV, KIEV (AM), KYYIV, Keiv, Kieff, Kieff,, Kiev (Kyiv), Kiev (Ukraine), Kiev City, Kiev Municipality, Kiev vs. Kyiv, Kiev, Misto Kyyiv, Kiev, USSR, Kiev, Ukraine, Kiev/Kyiv, Kiev/Kyiv naming dispute, Kievan, Kievo, Kiewenburg, Kiiev, Kiiow, Kiïv, Kijev, Kijevas, Kijew, Kijiv, Kiov, Kiovia, Kiow, Kiyeff, Kiyeff Kiev, Kiyev, Kiyew, Kiyiv, Kiyiw, Kiyv, Koenugarðr, Kyev, Kyev, Ukraine, Kyiev, Kyiiv, Kyiv vs. Kiev, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kyiv/Kiev, Kyivan, Kyiw, Kyjev, Kyjiv, Kyjiw, Kyowia, Kænugarðr, Könugard, Left Bank (Kiev), Left Bank (Kyiv), Left-bank (Kiev), Left-bank (Kyiv), List of people from Kyiv, M. Kyiv, Mother of Rus cities, Mother of Rus' cities, Mother of Rusʹ cities, Name of Kiev, Name of Kyiv, Names of Kiev, Sports in Kyiv, Tourism in Kyiv, UAIEV, UN/LOCODE:UAIEV, КИЇВ, Ки́ев.

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