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71 relations: Alluvium, Almandine, Apatite, Asthenosphere, Big Hole, Blue ground, Carbon dioxide, Chromite, Craton, Crust (geology), Decennial Mineral Exploration Conferences, Diamond, Diamond rush, Diatreme, Dike (geology), Diopside, Eluvium, Enstatite, Facies, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, Forsterite, Geomorphology, Greene County, Pennsylvania, Hollandite, Igneous rock, Ilmenite, Incompatible element, Indiana County, Pennsylvania, Jurassic, Kimberley, Northern Cape, Lamproite, Lamprophyre, Limonite, Lithosphere, Maar, Magma, Magnetite, Mantle (geology), Mir mine, Monazite, Monongahela River, Nepheline syenite, Open-pit mining, Pennsylvania, Peralkaline rock, Peridotite, Perovskite, Petrogenesis, Phlogopite, Placer deposit, ..., Pyrope, Pyroxene, Rare-earth element, Rutile, Sakha Republic, Serpentinite, Siberia, Silicon dioxide, Sill (geology), South Africa, Spinel, Star of South Africa (diamond), Subvolcanic rock, Trace element, Udachnaya pipe, Ultramafic rock, Ultrapotassic igneous rocks, Volcanic pipe, Volcanism, Weathering, Xenolith. Expand index (21 more) »
Alluvium
Alluvium (from the Latin alluvius, from alluere, "to wash against") is loose, unconsolidated (not cemented together into a solid rock) soil or sediments, which has been eroded, reshaped by water in some form, and redeposited in a non-marine setting.
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Almandine
Almandine, also known incorrectly as almandite, is a species of mineral belonging to the garnet group.
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Apatite
Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals, usually referring to hydroxylapatite, fluorapatite and chlorapatite, with high concentrations of OH−, F− and Cl− ions, respectively, in the crystal.
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Asthenosphere
The asthenosphere (from Greek ἀσθενής asthenḗs 'weak' + "sphere") is the highly viscous, mechanically weak and ductilely deforming region of the upper mantle of the Earth.
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Big Hole
The Big Hole, Open Mine, Kimberley Mine or Tim Kuilmine (Groot Gat) is an open-pit and underground mine in Kimberley, South Africa, and claimed to be the largest hole excavated by hand, although this claim is disputed.
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Blue ground
In reconnaissance for diamond mining, blue ground refers to a layer of non-oxidized kimberlite.
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Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide (chemical formula) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.
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Chromite
Chromite is an iron chromium oxide: FeCr2O4.
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Craton
A craton (or; from κράτος kratos "strength") is an old and stable part of the continental lithosphere, where the lithosphere consists of the Earth's two topmost layers, the crust and the uppermost mantle.
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Crust (geology)
In geology, the crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite.
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Decennial Mineral Exploration Conferences
The Decennial Mineral Exploration Conferences (DMEC) is a Canadian voluntary association dedicated to the advancement of geoscience applied to exploration for mineral resources.
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Diamond
Diamond is a solid form of carbon with a diamond cubic crystal structure.
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Diamond rush
A diamond rush is a period of feverish migration of workers to an area that has had a discovery of diamonds.
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Diatreme
A diatreme, sometimes known as a maar-diatreme volcano, is a volcanic pipe formed by a gaseous explosion.
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Dike (geology)
A dike or dyke, in geological usage, is a sheet of rock that is formed in a fracture in a pre-existing rock body.
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Diopside
Diopside is a monoclinic pyroxene mineral with composition MgCaSi2O6.
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Eluvium
In geology, eluvium or eluvial deposits are those geological deposits and soils that are derived by in situ weathering or weathering plus gravitational movement or accumulation.
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Enstatite
Enstatite is a mineral; the magnesium endmember of the pyroxene silicate mineral series enstatite (MgSiO3) - ferrosilite (FeSiO3).
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Facies
In geology, a facies (pronounced variously as, or; plural also 'facies') is a body of rock with specified characteristics, which can be any observable attribute of rocks such as their overall appearance, composition, or condition of formation, and the changes that may occur in those attributes over a geographic area.
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Fayette County, Pennsylvania
Fayette County is a county of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.
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Forsterite
Forsterite (Mg2SiO4; commonly abbreviated as Fo) is the magnesium-rich end-member of the olivine solid solution series.
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Geomorphology
Geomorphology (from Ancient Greek: γῆ, gê, "earth"; μορφή, morphḗ, "form"; and λόγος, lógos, "study") is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric features created by physical, chemical or biological processes operating at or near the Earth's surface.
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Greene County, Pennsylvania
Greene County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.
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Hollandite
Hollandite (chemical formula: Ba(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16) is an oxide mineral.
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Igneous rock
Igneous rock (derived from the Latin word ignis meaning fire), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic.
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Ilmenite
Ilmenite, also known as Manaccanite, is a titanium-iron oxide mineral with the idealized formula.
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Incompatible element
In petrology and geochemistry, an incompatible element is one that is unsuitable in size and/or charge to the cation sites of the minerals of which it is included.
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Indiana County, Pennsylvania
Indiana County is a county located in the central west part of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.
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Jurassic
The Jurassic (from Jura Mountains) was a geologic period and system that spanned 56 million years from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period Mya.
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Kimberley, Northern Cape
Kimberley is the capital and largest city of the Northern Cape Province of South Africa.
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Lamproite
Lamproite is an ultrapotassic mantle-derived volcanic or subvolcanic rock.
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Lamprophyre
Lamprophyres (Greek λαµπρός (lamprós).
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Limonite
Limonite is an iron ore consisting of a mixture of hydrated iron(III) oxide-hydroxides in varying composition.
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Lithosphere
A lithosphere (λίθος for "rocky", and σφαίρα for "sphere") is the rigid, outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet, or natural satellite, that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties.
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Maar
A maar is a broad, low-relief volcanic crater caused by a phreatomagmatic eruption (an explosion which occurs when groundwater comes into contact with hot lava or magma).
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Magma
Magma (from Ancient Greek μάγμα (mágma) meaning "thick unguent") is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles and solids that is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and is expected to exist on other terrestrial planets and some natural satellites.
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Magnetite
Magnetite is a rock mineral and one of the main iron ores, with the chemical formula Fe3O4.
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Mantle (geology)
The mantle is a layer inside a terrestrial planet and some other rocky planetary bodies.
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Mir mine
The Mir mine (Кимберлитовая алмазная трубка «Мир» Kimberlitovaya Almaznaya Trubka "Mir"; English: kimberlite diamond pipe "Peace"), also called the Mirny mine, is an open pit diamond mine located in Mirny, Sakha Republic, in the Siberian region of eastern Russia.
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Monazite
Monazite is a reddish-brown phosphate mineral containing rare-earth metals.
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Monongahela River
The Monongahela River — often referred to locally as the Mon — is a U.S. Geological Survey.
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Nepheline syenite
Nepheline syenite is a holocrystalline plutonic rock that consists largely of nepheline and alkali feldspar.
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Open-pit mining
Open-pit, open-cast or open cut mining is a surface mining technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow.
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Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania German: Pennsylvaani or Pennsilfaani), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States.
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Peralkaline rock
Peralkaline rocks include those igneous rocks which have a deficiency of aluminium such that sodium and potassium are in excess of that needed for feldspar.
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Peridotite
Peridotite is a dense, coarse-grained igneous rock consisting mostly of the minerals olivine and pyroxene.
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Perovskite
Perovskite (pronunciation) is a calcium titanium oxide mineral composed of calcium titanate (Ca Ti O3).
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Petrogenesis
Petrogenesis, also known as petrogeny, is a branch of petrology dealing with the origin and formation of rocks.
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Phlogopite
Phlogopite is a yellow, greenish, or reddish-brown member of the mica family of phyllosilicates.
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Placer deposit
In geology, a placer deposit or placer is an accumulation of valuable minerals formed by gravity separation from a specific source rock during sedimentary processes.
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Pyrope
The mineral pyrope is a member of the garnet group.
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Pyroxene
The pyroxenes (commonly abbreviated to Px) are a group of important rock-forming inosilicate minerals found in many igneous and metamorphic rocks.
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Rare-earth element
A rare-earth element (REE) or rare-earth metal (REM), as defined by IUPAC, is one of a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, specifically the fifteen lanthanides, as well as scandium and yttrium.
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Rutile
Rutile is a mineral composed primarily of titanium dioxide (TiO2).
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Sakha Republic
The Sakha (Yakutia) Republic (p; Sakha Öröspüübülükete), simply Sakha (Yakutia) (Саха (Якутия); Sakha Sire), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic).
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Serpentinite
Serpentinite is a rock composed of one or more serpentine group minerals, the name originating from the similarity of the texture of the rock to that of the skin of a snake.
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Siberia
Siberia (a) is an extensive geographical region, and by the broadest definition is also known as North Asia.
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Silicon dioxide
Silicon dioxide, also known as silica (from the Latin silex), is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula, most commonly found in nature as quartz and in various living organisms.
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Sill (geology)
In geology, a sill is a tabular sheet intrusion that has intruded between older layers of sedimentary rock, beds of volcanic lava or tuff, or along the direction of foliation in metamorphic rock.
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South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.
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Spinel
Spinel is the magnesium aluminium member of the larger spinel group of minerals.
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Star of South Africa (diamond)
The Star of South Africa, also known as the Dudley Diamond, is a white diamond found by a Griqua shepherd boy in 1869 on the banks of the Orange River.
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Subvolcanic rock
A subvolcanic rock, also known as a hypabyssal rock, is an intrusive igneous rock that is emplaced at medium to shallow depths (>2 km) within the crust, and has intermediate grain size and often porphyritic texture between that of volcanic and plutonic rocks.
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Trace element
A trace element is a chemical element whose concentration (or other measure of amount) is very low (a "trace amount").
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Udachnaya pipe
The Udachnaya pipe (тру́бка Уда́чная, literally lucky pipe) is a diamond deposit in the Daldyn-Alakit kimberlite field in Sakha Republic, Russia.
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Ultramafic rock
Ultramafic (also referred to as ultrabasic rocks, although the terms are not wholly equivalent) are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with a very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are composed of usually greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content).
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Ultrapotassic igneous rocks
Ultrapotassic igneous rocks are a class of rare, volumetrically minor and generally ultramafic or mafic silica-depleted igneous rocks.
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Volcanic pipe
Volcanic pipes are subterranean geological structures formed by the violent, supersonic eruption of deep-origin volcanoes.
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Volcanism
Volcanism is the phenomenon of eruption of molten rock (magma) onto the surface of the Earth or a solid-surface planet or moon, where lava, pyroclastics and volcanic gases erupt through a break in the surface called a vent.
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Weathering
Weathering is the breaking down of rocks, soil, and minerals as well as wood and artificial materials through contact with the Earth's atmosphere, water, and biological organisms.
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Xenolith
A xenolith ("foreign rock") is a rock fragment that becomes enveloped in a larger rock during the latter's development and solidification.
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Redirects here:
Kimberliite, Kimberlite pipes, Kimberlitic.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberlite
