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123 relations: Accretion (astrophysics), Aggregate (geology), Aluminium, Amphibole, Anhydrous, Anorthite, Anthophyllite, Archean, Augite, Baddeleyite, Barberton Greenstone Belt, Basalt, Boninite, Breccia, Bronzite, Brucite, Carbon dioxide, Carbonation, Chert, Chilled margin, Chlorite group, Chromite, Chromium, Cobalt, Colombia, Connate fluids, Crystal habit, Crystallization, Cummingtonite, Cumulate rock, Diopside, Dolomite, Earth, Enstatite, Facies, Felsic, Forsterite, Fractional crystallization (geology), Garnet, Gedrite, Geomorphology, Geothermal gradient, Gold, Gorgona Island (Colombia), Greenstone belt, Guiana Shield, Hawaiian eruption, Igneous rock, Ilmenite, Incompatible element, ..., Intrusive rock, Kambalda type komatiitic nickel ore deposits, Kambalda, Western Australia, Kimberlite, Komati River, Lamprophyre, Lava, Lava tube, List of rock textures, List of rock types, Mafic, Magma, Magnesite, Magnesium, Mantle (geology), Mantle plume, Melting point, Mesozoic, Metamorphism, Metasomatism, Mineralogy, Mount Keith Mine, Nickel, Niobium, Oceanic plateau, Olivine, Partial melting, Partial pressure, Peridotite, Petrology, Phanerozoic, Phenocryst, Phlogopite, Picrite basalt, Pigeonite, Pillow lava, Plagioclase, Poaceae, Potassium, Proterozoic, Pseudomorph, Pyrope, Pyroxene, Quartz, Quenching, Radioactive decay, Rùm, Rock microstructure, Scotland, Serpentine subgroup, Serpentinite, Shield (geology), Shield volcano, Silicon, South Africa, Stratigraphy, Subduction, Subvolcanic rock, Talc, Talc carbonate, Texture (geology), Treacle, Tremolite, Triodia (grass), Tuff, Type locality (geology), Ultramafic rock, Ultrapotassic igneous rocks, Viscosity, Volcanic rock, Volcano, Xenolith, Yilgarn Craton. Expand index (73 more) »
Accretion (astrophysics)
In astrophysics, accretion is the accumulation of particles into a massive object by gravitationally attracting more matter, typically gaseous matter, in an accretion disk.
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Aggregate (geology)
In the Earth sciences, aggregrate has three possible meanings.
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Aluminium
Aluminium or aluminum is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13.
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Amphibole
Amphibole is an important group of generally dark-colored, inosilicate minerals, forming prism or needlelike crystals, composed of double chain tetrahedra, linked at the vertices and generally containing ions of iron and/or magnesium in their structures.
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Anhydrous
A substance is anhydrous if it contains no water.
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Anorthite
Anorthite is the calcium endmember of plagioclase feldspar.
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Anthophyllite
Anthophyllite is an amphibole mineral: ☐Mg2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2 (☐ is for a vacancy, a point defect in the crystal structure), magnesium iron inosilicate hydroxide.
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Archean
The Archean Eon (also spelled Archaean or Archæan) is one of the four geologic eons of Earth history, occurring (4 to 2.5 billion years ago).
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Augite
Augite is a common rock-forming pyroxene mineral with formula (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al,Ti)(Si,Al)2O6.
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Baddeleyite
Baddeleyite is a rare zirconium oxide mineral (ZrO2 or zirconia), occurring in a variety of monoclinic prismatic crystal forms.
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Barberton Greenstone Belt
The Barberton Greenstone Belt, also known as the Makhonjwa Mountains, is situated on the eastern edge of Kaapvaal Craton in South Africa.
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Basalt
Basalt is a common extrusive igneous (volcanic) rock formed from the rapid cooling of basaltic lava exposed at or very near the surface of a planet or moon.
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Boninite
Boninite is a mafic extrusive rock high in both magnesium and silica, thought to be usually formed in fore-arc environments, typically during the early stages of subduction.
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Breccia
Breccia is a rock composed of broken fragments of minerals or rock cemented together by a fine-grained matrix that can be similar to or different from the composition of the fragments.
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Bronzite
Bronzite is a member of the pyroxene group of minerals, belonging with enstatite and hypersthene to the orthorhombic series of the group.
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Brucite
Brucite is the mineral form of magnesium hydroxide, with the chemical formula Mg(OH)2.
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Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide (chemical formula) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.
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Carbonation
Carbonation refers to reactions of carbon dioxide to give carbonates, bicarbonates, and carbonic acid.
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Chert
Chert is a fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline silica, the mineral form of silicon dioxide (SiO2).
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Chilled margin
A chilled margin is a shallow intrusive or volcanic rock texture characterised by a glassy or fine grained zone along the margin where the magma or lava has contacted air, water, or particularly much cooler rock.
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Chlorite group
The chlorites are a group of phyllosilicate minerals.
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Chromite
Chromite is an iron chromium oxide: FeCr2O4.
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Chromium
Chromium is a chemical element with symbol Cr and atomic number 24.
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Cobalt
Cobalt is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27.
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Colombia
Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a sovereign state largely situated in the northwest of South America, with territories in Central America.
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Connate fluids
In geology and sedimentology, connate fluids are liquids that were trapped in the pores of sedimentary rocks as they were deposited.
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Crystal habit
In mineralogy, crystal habit is the characteristic external shape of an individual crystal or crystal group.
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Crystallization
Crystallization is the (natural or artificial) process by which a solid forms, where the atoms or molecules are highly organized into a structure known as a crystal.
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Cummingtonite
Cummingtonite is a metamorphic amphibole with the chemical composition (Mg,Fe2+)2(Mg,Fe2+)5Si8O22(OH)2, magnesium iron silicate hydroxide.
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Cumulate rock
Cumulate rocks are igneous rocks formed by the accumulation of crystals from a magma either by settling or floating.
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Diopside
Diopside is a monoclinic pyroxene mineral with composition MgCaSi2O6.
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Dolomite
Dolomite is an anhydrous carbonate mineral composed of calcium magnesium carbonate, ideally The term is also used for a sedimentary carbonate rock composed mostly of the mineral dolomite.
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Earth
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.
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Enstatite
Enstatite is a mineral; the magnesium endmember of the pyroxene silicate mineral series enstatite (MgSiO3) - ferrosilite (FeSiO3).
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Facies
In geology, a facies (pronounced variously as, or; plural also 'facies') is a body of rock with specified characteristics, which can be any observable attribute of rocks such as their overall appearance, composition, or condition of formation, and the changes that may occur in those attributes over a geographic area.
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Felsic
In geology, felsic refers to igneous rocks that are relatively rich in elements that form feldspar and quartz.
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Forsterite
Forsterite (Mg2SiO4; commonly abbreviated as Fo) is the magnesium-rich end-member of the olivine solid solution series.
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Fractional crystallization (geology)
Fractional crystallization, or crystal fractionation, is one of the most important geochemical and physical processes operating within the Earth's crust and mantle.
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Garnet
Garnets are a group of silicate minerals that have been used since the Bronze Age as gemstones and abrasives.
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Gedrite
Gedrite is a crystal belonging to the orthorhombic ferromagnesian subgroup of the amphibole supergroup of the double chain inosilicate minerals with the ideal formula: Mg2(Mg3Al2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 Gedrite is the magnesium (Mg) rich endmember of a solid solution series, with divalent magnesium cations readily replaced with ferrous iron (Fe), leading to the iron rich endmember 'ferrogedrite', with the formula: Fe2+2(Fe2+3Al2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2.
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Geomorphology
Geomorphology (from Ancient Greek: γῆ, gê, "earth"; μορφή, morphḗ, "form"; and λόγος, lógos, "study") is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric features created by physical, chemical or biological processes operating at or near the Earth's surface.
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Geothermal gradient
Geothermal gradient is the rate of increasing temperature with respect to increasing depth in the Earth's interior.
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Gold
Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from aurum) and atomic number 79, making it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally.
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Gorgona Island (Colombia)
Gorgona is a Colombian island in the Pacific Ocean situated about off the Colombian Pacific coast.
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Greenstone belt
Greenstone belts are zones of variably metamorphosed mafic to ultramafic volcanic sequences with associated sedimentary rocks that occur within Archaean and Proterozoic cratons between granite and gneiss bodies.
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Guiana Shield
The Guiana Shield is one of the three cratons of the South American Plate.
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Hawaiian eruption
A Hawaiian eruption is a type of volcanic eruption where lava flows from the vent in a relatively gentle, low level eruption; it is so named because it is characteristic of Hawaiian volcanoes.
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Igneous rock
Igneous rock (derived from the Latin word ignis meaning fire), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic.
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Ilmenite
Ilmenite, also known as Manaccanite, is a titanium-iron oxide mineral with the idealized formula.
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Incompatible element
In petrology and geochemistry, an incompatible element is one that is unsuitable in size and/or charge to the cation sites of the minerals of which it is included.
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Intrusive rock
Intrusive rock (also called plutonic rock) is formed when magma crystallizes and solidifies underground to form intrusions, for example plutons, batholiths, dikes, sills, laccoliths, and volcanic necks.
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Kambalda type komatiitic nickel ore deposits
Kambalda type komatiitic nickel ore deposits are a class of magmatic iron-nickel-copper-platinum-group element ore deposit in which the physical processes of komatiite volcanology serve to deposit, concentrate and enrich a Fe-Ni-Cu-(PGE) sulfide melt within the lava flow environment of an erupting komatiite volcano.
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Kambalda, Western Australia
Kambalda is a small mining town about 60 kilometres from the mining city of Kalgoorlie in Western Australia, within the Goldfields.
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Kimberlite
Kimberlite is an igneous rock, which sometimes contains diamonds.
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Komati River
The Komati River (also called Incomati River) is a river in South Africa, Swaziland and Mozambique.
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Lamprophyre
Lamprophyres (Greek λαµπρός (lamprós).
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Lava
Lava is molten rock generated by geothermal energy and expelled through fractures in planetary crust or in an eruption, usually at temperatures from.
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Lava tube
A lava tube is a natural conduit formed by flowing lava which moves beneath the hardened surface of a lava flow.
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List of rock textures
This page is intended to be a list of rock textural and morphological terms.
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List of rock types
The following is a list of rock types recognized by petrologists.
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Mafic
Mafic is an adjective describing a silicate mineral or igneous rock that is rich in magnesium and iron, and is thus a portmanteau of magnesium and '''f'''err'''ic'''.
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Magma
Magma (from Ancient Greek μάγμα (mágma) meaning "thick unguent") is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles and solids that is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and is expected to exist on other terrestrial planets and some natural satellites.
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Magnesite
Magnesite is a mineral with the chemical formula MgCO3 (magnesium carbonate).
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Magnesium
Magnesium is a chemical element with symbol Mg and atomic number 12.
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Mantle (geology)
The mantle is a layer inside a terrestrial planet and some other rocky planetary bodies.
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Mantle plume
A mantle plume is an upwelling of abnormally hot rock within the Earth's mantle, first proposed by J. Tuzo Wilson in 1963.
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Melting point
The melting point (or, rarely, liquefaction point) of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid at atmospheric pressure.
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Mesozoic
The Mesozoic Era is an interval of geological time from about.
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Metamorphism
Metamorphism is the change of minerals or geologic texture (distinct arrangement of minerals) in pre-existing rocks (protoliths), without the protolith melting into liquid magma (a solid-state change).
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Metasomatism
Metasomatism is the chemical alteration of a rock by hydrothermal and other fluids.
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Mineralogy
Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts.
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Mount Keith Mine
Mount Keith Mine is an open pit nickel mine in Western Australia.
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Nickel
Nickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28.
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Niobium
Niobium, formerly known as columbium, is a chemical element with symbol Nb (formerly Cb) and atomic number 41.
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Oceanic plateau
An oceanic or submarine plateau is a large, relatively flat elevation that is higher than the surrounding relief with one or more relatively steep sides.
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Olivine
The mineral olivine is a magnesium iron silicate with the formula (Mg2+, Fe2+)2SiO4.
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Partial melting
Partial melting occurs when only a portion of a solid is melted.
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Partial pressure
In a mixture of gases, each gas has a partial pressure which is the hypothetical pressure of that gas if it alone occupied the entire volume of the original mixture at the same temperature.
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Peridotite
Peridotite is a dense, coarse-grained igneous rock consisting mostly of the minerals olivine and pyroxene.
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Petrology
Petrology (from the Greek πέτρος, pétros, "rock" and λόγος, lógos, "subject matter", see -logy) is the branch of geology that studies rocks and the conditions under which they form.
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Phanerozoic
The Phanerozoic Eon is the current geologic eon in the geologic time scale, and the one during which abundant animal and plant life has existed.
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Phenocryst
1 euro coin (diameter 2.3 cm) for scale. A phenocryst is an early forming, relatively large and usually conspicuous crystal distinctly larger than the grains of the rock groundmass of an igneous rock.
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Phlogopite
Phlogopite is a yellow, greenish, or reddish-brown member of the mica family of phyllosilicates.
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Picrite basalt
Picrite basalt, picrobasalt is a variety of high-magnesium olivine basalt that is very rich in the mineral olivine.
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Pigeonite
Pigeonite is a mineral in the clinopyroxene subgroup of the pyroxene group.
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Pillow lava
Pillow lavas are lavas that contain characteristic pillow-shaped structures that are attributed to the extrusion of the lava under water, or subaqueous extrusion.
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Plagioclase
Plagioclase is a series of tectosilicate (framework silicate) minerals within the feldspar group.
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Poaceae
Poaceae or Gramineae is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants known as grasses, commonly referred to collectively as grass.
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Potassium
Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number 19.
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Proterozoic
The Proterozoic is a geological eon representing the time just before the proliferation of complex life on Earth.
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Pseudomorph
In mineralogy, a pseudomorph is a mineral or mineral compound that appears in an atypical form (crystal system), resulting from a substitution process in which the appearance and dimensions remain constant, but the original mineral is replaced by another.
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Pyrope
The mineral pyrope is a member of the garnet group.
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Pyroxene
The pyroxenes (commonly abbreviated to Px) are a group of important rock-forming inosilicate minerals found in many igneous and metamorphic rocks.
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Quartz
Quartz is a mineral composed of silicon and oxygen atoms in a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon–oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical formula of SiO2.
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Quenching
In materials science, quenching is the rapid cooling of a workpiece in water, oil or air to obtain certain material properties.
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Radioactive decay
Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay or radioactivity) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy (in terms of mass in its rest frame) by emitting radiation, such as an alpha particle, beta particle with neutrino or only a neutrino in the case of electron capture, gamma ray, or electron in the case of internal conversion.
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Rùm
Rùm(), a Scottish Gaelic name often anglicised to Rum, is one of the Small Isles of the Inner Hebrides, in the district of Lochaber, Scotland.
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Rock microstructure
Rock microstructure includes the texture of a rock and the small scale rock structures.
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Scotland
Scotland (Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain.
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Serpentine subgroup
The serpentine subgroup (part of the kaolinite-serpentine group) are greenish, brownish, or spotted minerals commonly found in serpentinite rocks.
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Serpentinite
Serpentinite is a rock composed of one or more serpentine group minerals, the name originating from the similarity of the texture of the rock to that of the skin of a snake.
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Shield (geology)
A shield is generally a large area of exposed Precambrian crystalline igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks that form tectonically stable areas.
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Shield volcano
A shield volcano is a type of volcano usually composed almost entirely of fluid lava flows.
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Silicon
Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14.
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South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.
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Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification).
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Subduction
Subduction is a geological process that takes place at convergent boundaries of tectonic plates where one plate moves under another and is forced or sinks due to gravity into the mantle.
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Subvolcanic rock
A subvolcanic rock, also known as a hypabyssal rock, is an intrusive igneous rock that is emplaced at medium to shallow depths (>2 km) within the crust, and has intermediate grain size and often porphyritic texture between that of volcanic and plutonic rocks.
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Talc
Talc or talcum is a clay mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate with the chemical formula H2Mg3(SiO3)4 or Mg3Si4O10(OH)2.
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Talc carbonate
Talc carbonates are a suite of rock and mineral compositions found in metamorphic ultramafic rocks.
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Texture (geology)
Texture (or rock microstructure) in geology refers to the relationship between the materials of which a rock is composed.
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Treacle
Treacle is any uncrystallised syrup made during the refining of sugar.
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Tremolite
Tremolite is a member of the amphibole group of silicate minerals with composition: ☐Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)2.
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Triodia (grass)
Triodia is a large genus of hummock-forming bunchgrass endemic to Australia.
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Tuff
Tuff (from the Italian tufo) is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption.
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Type locality (geology)
Type locality, also called type area, type site, or type section, is the locality where a particular rock type, stratigraphic unit or mineral species is first identified.
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Ultramafic rock
Ultramafic (also referred to as ultrabasic rocks, although the terms are not wholly equivalent) are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with a very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are composed of usually greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content).
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Ultrapotassic igneous rocks
Ultrapotassic igneous rocks are a class of rare, volumetrically minor and generally ultramafic or mafic silica-depleted igneous rocks.
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Viscosity
The viscosity of a fluid is the measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress.
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Volcanic rock
Volcanic rock (often shortened to volcanics in scientific contexts) is a rock formed from magma erupted from a volcano.
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Volcano
A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
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Xenolith
A xenolith ("foreign rock") is a rock fragment that becomes enveloped in a larger rock during the latter's development and solidification.
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Yilgarn Craton
The Yilgarn Craton is a large craton that constitutes the bulk of the Western Australian land mass.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komatiite
