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151 relations: Abwehr, Acta Apostolicae Sedis, Adalbert of Prague, AEG, Albrecht Schubert, Amber Road, Annelies Kupper, Apostolic constitution, Augustinians, Łódź, Świdnica, Belgium, Bensheim, Berlin, Bohemia, Bolesław III Wrymouth, Bystrzyca Kłodzka, Carvin, Casemate, Catholic Church, Census, Central European Summer Time, Central European Time, Charles Bridge, Cosmas of Prague, County of Kladsko, Curzon Line, Czech Corner, Czech Republic, Czechoslovakia, Czechs, David Origanus, Destination spa, Duchy of Bohemia, Duszniki-Zdrój, Eastern Neisse, Eduard Tauwitz, Emma Ihrer, First French Empire, Fléron, Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50), France, Frederick the Great, Friedrich Wilhelm Riemer, Friedrich Wilhelm Sander, Friedrich Wilhelm von Lindeiner-Wildau, George of Poděbrady, German Reich, German town law, Germans, ..., Germany, Gestapo, Gmina, Gmina Kłodzko, Gola Dzierżoniowska Castle, Gothic architecture, Gross-Rosen concentration camp, Gustav Adolf von Götzen, Habsburg Monarchy, Henryk IV Probus, Henryków, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Hotel, House of Habsburg, Hussite Wars, Jews, Johann Christoph Pezel, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, John of Bohemia, Kłodzko County, Kłodzko Fortress, Kłodzko Land, Kłodzko Valley, Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385), Kingdom of Prussia, Knights Hospitaller, Kraków, Kresy, Kudowa-Zdrój, Lądek-Zdrój, List of sovereign states, Lower Silesia, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Luftwaffe, Lyceum, Magdeburg rights, Mary, mother of Jesus, Michael Friedrich von Althann, Mongol invasion of Europe, Nazi Germany, Náchod, Niemcza, Ostsiedlung, Oswald Rathmann, Otto Reche, Ottokar II of Bohemia, Paris Peace Conference, 1919, Plague (disease), Poland, Polanica-Zdrój, Poles, Polish language, Polish population transfers (1944–1946), Pope Paul VI, Potsdam Conference, Powiat, Prague, Prisoner of war, Protestantism, Province of Silesia, Prussian Union of Churches, Red Army, Renaissance architecture, Renée Sintenis, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław, Roman Catholic Diocese of Hradec Králové, Roman Empire, Rychnov nad Kněžnou, Sanatorium, Sanitary sewer, Sankt Florian Psalter, Siege of Glatz, Silesia, Silesian Wars, Sister city, Slavery, Slavník, Soběslav I, Duke of Bohemia, Sophie Ursinus, Soviet Union, Stołowe Mountains, Stołowe Mountains National Park, Sudetes, Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union, Thirty Years' War, Town, Town privileges, Unification of Germany, Vehicle registration plates of Poland, Vienna, Voivodeships of Poland, Wałbrzych Voivodeship, War of the Fourth Coalition, Wehrmacht, Wenceslaus I of Bohemia, Wilhelm Hemprich, Wojsławice Arboretum, World War I, World War II, Wrocław, Yalta Conference, Ziębice. Expand index (101 more) »
Abwehr
The Abwehr was the German military intelligence service for the Reichswehr and Wehrmacht from 1920 to 1945.
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Acta Apostolicae Sedis
Acta Apostolicae Sedis (Latin for "Register of the Apostolic See"), often cited as AAS, is the official gazette of the Holy See, appearing about twelve times a year.
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Adalbert of Prague
Adalbert of Prague (Adalbertus / Wojciech Sławnikowic); 95623 April 997), known in Czech by his birth name Vojtěch (Voitecus), was a Bohemian missionary and Christian saint. He was the Bishop of Prague and a missionary to the Hungarians, Poles, and Prussians, who was martyred in his efforts to convert the Baltic Prussians to Christianity. He is said to be the composer of the oldest Czech hymn Hospodine, pomiluj ny and Bogurodzica, the oldest known Polish hymn, but the authorship has not confirmed. St. Adalbert (or St.
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AEG
Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft AG (AEG) (German: "General electricity company") was a German producer of electrical equipment founded as the Deutsche Edison-Gesellschaft für angewandte Elektricität in 1883 in Berlin by Emil Rathenau.
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Albrecht Schubert
Albrecht Schubert (23 June 1886 – 26 November 1966) was a German general during World War II.
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Amber Road
The Amber Road was an ancient trade route for the transfer of amber from coastal areas of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea to the Mediterranean Sea.
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Annelies Kupper
Annelies Kupper (21 July 1906 - 8 December 1987), was a German operatic soprano, particularly associated with Mozart and the German repertory.
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Apostolic constitution
An apostolic constitution (constitutio apostolica) is the highest level of decree issued by the Pope.
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Augustinians
The term Augustinians, named after Augustine of Hippo (354–430), applies to two distinct types of Catholic religious orders, dating back to the first millennium but formally created in the 13th century, and some Anglican religious orders, created in the 19th century, though technically there is no "Order of St.
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Łódź
Łódź (לאדזש, Lodzh; also written as Lodz) is the third-largest city in Poland and an industrial hub.
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Świdnica
Świdnica (Schweidnitz; Svídnice) is a city in southwestern Poland in the region of Silesia.
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Belgium
Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.
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Bensheim
Bensheim is a town in the Bergstraße district in southern Hesse, Germany.
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Berlin
Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany, as well as one of its 16 constituent states.
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Bohemia
Bohemia (Čechy;; Czechy; Bohême; Bohemia; Boemia) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech lands in the present-day Czech Republic.
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Bolesław III Wrymouth
Bolesław III Wrymouth (also known as Boleslaus III the Wry-mouthed, Bolesław III Krzywousty) (20 August 1086 – 28 October 1138), was a Duke of Lesser Poland, Silesia and Sandomierz between 1102 and 1107 and over the whole Poland between 1107 and 1138.
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Bystrzyca Kłodzka
Bystrzyca Kłodzka (Habelschwerdt, Kladská Bystřice) is a historic town in Kłodzko County, in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in southwestern Poland.
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Carvin
Carvin is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.
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Casemate
A casemate, sometimes erroneously rendered casement, is a fortified gun emplacement or armored structure from which guns are fired.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population.
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Central European Summer Time
Central European Summer Time (CEST), sometime referred also as Central European Daylight Time (CEDT), is the standard clock time observed during the period of summer daylight-saving in those European countries which observe Central European Time (UTC+1) during the other part of the year.
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Central European Time
Central European Time (CET), used in most parts of Europe and a few North African countries, is a standard time which is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
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Charles Bridge
Charles Bridge (Karlův most) is a historic bridge that crosses the Vltava river in Prague, Czech Republic.
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Cosmas of Prague
Cosmas of Prague (Kosmas Pražský; Cosmas Decanus; – October 21, 1125) was a priest, writer and historian born in a noble family in Bohemia.
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County of Kladsko
The County of Kladsko (Kladské hrabství, Grafschaft Glatz, Hrabstwo kłodzkie) was a historical administrative unit within Bohemia as a part of the Kingdom of Bohemia and later in the Kingdom of Prussia with its capital at Kłodzko (Kladsko) on the Nysa river.
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Curzon Line
The history of the Curzon Line, with minor variations, goes back to the period following World War I. It was drawn for the first time by the Supreme War Council as the demarcation line between the newly emerging states, the Second Polish Republic, and the Soviet Union.
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Czech Corner
The Czech Corner (Český koutek, Czeski kątek, Böhmischer Winkel) is a territory found in the western end of Klodzko land, close to the current Czech-Polish border.
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Czech Republic
The Czech Republic (Česká republika), also known by its short-form name Czechia (Česko), is a landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast.
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Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia, or Czecho-Slovakia (Czech and Československo, Česko-Slovensko), was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until its peaceful dissolution into the:Czech Republic and:Slovakia on 1 January 1993.
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Czechs
The Czechs (Češi,; singular masculine: Čech, singular feminine: Češka) or the Czech people (Český národ), are a West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common ancestry, culture, history and Czech language.
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David Origanus
David Origanus or David Tost (9 July 1558 – 11 July 1628/29) was a German astronomer and professor for Greek language and Mathematics at the Viadrina University in Frankfurt (Oder), where he had also studied.
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Destination spa
A destination spa is a resort centered on a spa, such as a mineral spa.
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Duchy of Bohemia
The Duchy of Bohemia, also referred to as the Czech Duchy, (České knížectví) was a monarchy and a principality in Central Europe during the Early and High Middle Ages.
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Duszniki-Zdrój
Duszniki-Zdrój) (Bad Reinerz) is a spa town in the Klodzko Valley on the Bystrzyca River in Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland. It attracts tourists from around the world.
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Eastern Neisse
The Eastern Neisse, also known by its Polish name of Nysa Kłodzka (Glatzer Neiße, Kladská Nisa), is a river in southwestern Poland, a left tributary of the Oder, with a length of 188 km (21st longest) and a basin area of 4,570 km² (3,742 in Poland).
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Eduard Tauwitz
Eduard Tauwitz (21 January 1812 – 26 July 1894) was a German composer and a native of Glatz, Prussian Silesia.
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Emma Ihrer
Emma Ihrer (3 January 1857 – 8 January 1911) was a German feminist and trade unionist who was active in founding societies to defend the rights of women workers.
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First French Empire
The First French Empire (Empire Français) was the empire of Napoleon Bonaparte of France and the dominant power in much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century.
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Fléron
Fléron is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Liège.
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Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50)
During the later stages of World War II and the post-war period, German citizens and people of German ancestry fled or were expelled from various Eastern and Central European countries and sent to the remaining territory of Germany and Austria.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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Frederick the Great
Frederick II (Friedrich; 24 January 171217 August 1786) was King of Prussia from 1740 until 1786, the longest reign of any Hohenzollern king.
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Friedrich Wilhelm Riemer
Friedrich Wilhelm Riemer (19 April 1774 – 19 December 1845) was a German scholar and literary historian.
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Friedrich Wilhelm Sander
Friedrich Wilhelm Sander (August 25, 1885, Glatz (Kłodzko) – September 15, 1938) was a German pyrotechnics engineer and manufacturer remembered for his contributions to rocket-powered flight.
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Friedrich Wilhelm von Lindeiner-Wildau
Friedrich-Wilhelm Franz Max Erdmann Gustav von Lindeiner genannt von Wildau (12 December 1880 – 22 May 1963) was a German Staff Officer of the Luftwaffe during World War II best known today as the commandant of Stalag Luft III, famous for a prisoner escape depicted in the movie The Great Escape.
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George of Poděbrady
George of Kunštát and Poděbrady (23 April 1420 – 22 March 1471), also known as Poděbrad or Podiebrad (Jiří z Poděbrad; Georg von Podiebrad), was King of Bohemia (1458–1471).
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German Reich
Deutsches Reich was the official name for the German nation state from 1871 to 1945 in the German language.
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German town law
The German town law (Deutsches Stadtrecht) or German municipal concerns (Deutsches Städtewesen) was a set of early town privileges based on the Magdeburg rights developed by Otto I. The Magdeburg Law became the inspiration for regional town charters not only in Germany, but also in Central and Eastern Europe who modified it during the Middle Ages.
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Germans
Germans (Deutsche) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe, who share a common German ancestry, culture and history.
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Germany
Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.
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Gestapo
The Gestapo, abbreviation of Geheime Staatspolizei (Secret State Police), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe.
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Gmina
The gmina (Polish pronunciation, plural gminy) is the principal unit of the administrative division of Poland, similar to a municipality.
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Gmina Kłodzko
Gmina Kłodzko is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
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Gola Dzierżoniowska Castle
The Gola Dzierżoniowska Castle (Schloss Guhlau) erected in the second half of the 16th century is situated in the village of Gola Dzierżoniowska (Dzierżoniów County), in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland.
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Gothic architecture
Gothic architecture is an architectural style that flourished in Europe during the High and Late Middle Ages.
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Gross-Rosen concentration camp
Gross-Rosen concentration camp (Konzentrationslager Groß-Rosen) was a German network of Nazi concentration camps built and operated during World War II.
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Gustav Adolf von Götzen
Gustav Adolf Graf von Götzen (12 May 1866 – 2 December 1910) was a German explorer and Governor of German East Africa.
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Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy (Habsburgermonarchie) or Empire is an unofficial appellation among historians for the countries and provinces that were ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg between 1521 and 1780 and then by the successor branch of Habsburg-Lorraine until 1918.
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Henryk IV Probus
Henryk IV Probus (Latin for the Righteous) (Henryk IV Probus or Prawy; Heinrich IV.) (– 23 June 1290) was a member of the Silesian branch of the royal Polish Piast dynasty.
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Henryków, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Henryków (Heinrichau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ziębice, within Ząbkowice Śląskie County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
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Hotel
A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis.
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House of Habsburg
The House of Habsburg (traditionally spelled Hapsburg in English), also called House of Austria was one of the most influential and distinguished royal houses of Europe.
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Hussite Wars
The Hussite Wars, also called the Bohemian Wars or the Hussite Revolution, were fought between the heretical Catholic Hussites and the combined Catholic orthodox forces of Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, the Papacy and various European monarchs loyal to the Catholic Church, as well as among various Hussite factions themselves.
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Jews
Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.
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Johann Christoph Pezel
Johann Christoph Pezel (also Petzold) (1639 – 13 October 1694) was a German violinist, trumpeter, and composer.
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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German writer and statesman.
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John of Bohemia
John the Blind (Jang de Blannen; Johann der Blinde von Luxemburg; Jan Lucemburský; 10 August 1296 – 26 August 1346) was the Count of Luxembourg from 1309 and King of Bohemia from 1310 and titular King of Poland.
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Kłodzko County
Kłodzko County (powiat kłodzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland.
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Kłodzko Fortress
Kłodzko Fortress (Twierdza Kłodzko, Festung Glatz) is a unique fortification complex of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in southwestern Poland.
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Kłodzko Land
Kłodzko Land (Kladsko; Glatzer Land; Ziemia kłodzka) is a historical region in southwestern Poland.
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Kłodzko Valley
The Kłodzko Valley (Kotlina Kłodzka, Kladská kotlina, Glatzer Kessel) is a cirque of the Sudetes mountain range in Kłodzko County, south-western Poland, close to the border with the Czech Republic.
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Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)
The Kingdom of Poland (Polish: Królestwo Polskie; Latin: Regnum Poloniae) was the Polish state from the coronation of the first King Bolesław I the Brave in 1025 to the union with Lithuania and the rule of the Jagiellon dynasty in 1385.
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Kingdom of Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen) was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918.
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Knights Hospitaller
The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani), also known as the Order of Saint John, Order of Hospitallers, Knights Hospitaller, Knights Hospitalier or Hospitallers, was a medieval Catholic military order.
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Kraków
Kraków, also spelled Cracow or Krakow, is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.
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Kresy
Kresy Wschodnie or Kresy (Eastern Borderlands, or Borderlands) was the Eastern part of the Second Polish Republic during the interwar period constituting nearly half of the territory of the state.
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Kudowa-Zdrój
Kudowa-Zdrój (Bad Kudowa, Chudoba) or simply Kudowa, is a town located below the Table Mountains in Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in the southwestern part of Poland.
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Lądek-Zdrój
Lądek-Zdrój (Bad Landeck; Landek) is a town in Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
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List of sovereign states
This list of sovereign states provides an overview of sovereign states around the world, with information on their status and recognition of their sovereignty.
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Lower Silesia
Lower Silesia (Dolny Śląsk; Dolní Slezsko; Silesia Inferior; Niederschlesien; Silesian German: Niederschläsing; Dolny Ślůnsk) is the northwestern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia; Upper Silesia is to the southeast.
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Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship, or Lower Silesia Province (''Polish'': województwo dolnośląskie), in southwestern Poland, is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divided.
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Luftwaffe
The Luftwaffe was the aerial warfare branch of the combined German Wehrmacht military forces during World War II.
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Lyceum
The lyceum is a category of educational institution defined within the education system of many countries, mainly in Europe.
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Magdeburg rights
Magdeburg rights (Magdeburger Recht; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages, granted by the local ruler.
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Mary, mother of Jesus
Mary was a 1st-century BC Galilean Jewish woman of Nazareth, and the mother of Jesus, according to the New Testament and the Quran.
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Michael Friedrich von Althann
Michael Friedrich Graf von Althann (12 July 1680, Glatz, Prussia (now Kłodzko, Poland) – 20 June 1734, Waitzen, Habsburg Monarchy (now Vác, Hungary)) was a Holy Roman clergyman and politician who was the bishop of Vác (or Waitzen) and former viceroy to the Kingdom of Naples and Sicily.
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Mongol invasion of Europe
The Mongol invasion of Europe in the 13th century was the conquest of Europe by the Mongol Empire, by way of the destruction of East Slavic principalities, such as Kiev and Vladimir. The Mongol invasions also occurred in Central Europe, which led to warfare among fragmented Poland, such as the Battle of Legnica (9 April 1241) and in the Battle of Mohi (11 April 1241) in the Kingdom of Hungary. The operations were planned by General Subutai (1175–1248) and commanded by Batu Khan (1207–1255) and Kadan (d. 1261). Both men were grandsons of Genghis Khan; their conquests integrated much European territory to the empire of the Golden Horde. Warring European princes realized they had to cooperate in the face of a Mongol invasion, so local wars and conflicts were suspended in parts of central Europe, only to be resumed after the Mongols had withdrawn.
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Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).
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Náchod
Náchod (Nachod) is a town in the Czech Republic, in the Hradec Králové Region.
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Niemcza
Niemcza (Nimptsch) is a town in Dzierżoniów County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
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Ostsiedlung
Ostsiedlung (literally east settling), in English called the German eastward expansion, was the medieval eastward migration and settlement of Germanic-speaking peoples from the Holy Roman Empire, especially its southern and western portions, into less-populated regions of Central Europe, parts of west Eastern Europe, and the Baltics.
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Oswald Rathmann
Oswald Rathmann (born 21 July 1891, date of death unknown) was a German road racing cyclist who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was born in Glatz. In 1912 he was a member of the German cycling team which finished sixth in the team time trial event. In the individual time trial competition he finished 33rd.
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Otto Reche
Otto Carl Reche (24 May 1879 – 23 March 1966) was a Nazi German anthropologist and professor from Glatz (Kłodzko), Prussian Silesia.
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Ottokar II of Bohemia
Ottokar II (Přemysl Otakar II; c. 1233 – 26 August 1278), the Iron and Golden King, was a member of the Přemyslid dynasty who reigned as King of Bohemia from 1253 until 1278.
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Paris Peace Conference, 1919
The Paris Peace Conference, also known as Versailles Peace Conference, was the meeting of the victorious Allied Powers following the end of World War I to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers.
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Plague (disease)
Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.
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Poland
Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.
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Polanica-Zdrój
Polanica-Zdrój (Altheide-Bad) is a town in Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
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Poles
The Poles (Polacy,; singular masculine: Polak, singular feminine: Polka), commonly referred to as the Polish people, are a nation and West Slavic ethnic group native to Poland in Central Europe who share a common ancestry, culture, history and are native speakers of the Polish language.
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Polish language
Polish (język polski or simply polski) is a West Slavic language spoken primarily in Poland and is the native language of the Poles.
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Polish population transfers (1944–1946)
The Polish population transfers in 1944–46 from the eastern half of prewar Poland (also known as the expulsions of Poles from the Kresy macroregion), refer to the forced migrations of Poles toward the end – and in the aftermath – of World War II.
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Pope Paul VI
Pope Paul VI (Paulus VI; Paolo VI; born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini; 26 September 1897 – 6 August 1978) reigned from 21 June 1963 to his death in 1978.
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Potsdam Conference
The Potsdam Conference (Potsdamer Konferenz) was held at Cecilienhof, the home of Crown Prince Wilhelm, in Potsdam, occupied Germany, from 17 July to 2 August 1945.
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Powiat
A powiat (pronounced; Polish plural: powiaty) is the second-level unit of local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a county, district or prefecture (LAU-1, formerly NUTS-4) in other countries.
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Prague
Prague (Praha, Prag) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, the 14th largest city in the European Union and also the historical capital of Bohemia.
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Prisoner of war
A prisoner of war (POW) is a person, whether combatant or non-combatant, who is held in custody by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict.
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Protestantism
Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively more than 900 million adherents worldwide or nearly 40% of all Christians.
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Province of Silesia
The Province of Silesia (Provinz Schlesien; Prowincja Śląska; Silesian: Prowincyjŏ Ślōnskŏ) was a province of the German Kingdom of Prussia, existing from 1815 to 1919, when it was divided into the Upper and Lower Silesia provinces, and briefly again from 1938 to 1941.
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Prussian Union of Churches
The Prussian Union of Churches (known under multiple other names) was a major Protestant church body which emerged in 1817 from a series of decrees by Frederick William III of Prussia that united both Lutheran and Reformed denominations in Prussia.
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Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Рабоче-крестьянская Красная армия (РККА), Raboche-krest'yanskaya Krasnaya armiya (RKKA), frequently shortened in Russian to Красная aрмия (КА), Krasnaya armiya (KA), in English: Red Army, also in critical literature and folklore of that epoch – Red Horde, Army of Work) was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
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Renaissance architecture
Renaissance architecture is the European architecture of the period between the early 14th and early 17th centuries in different regions, demonstrating a conscious revival and development of certain elements of ancient Greek and Roman thought and material culture.
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Renée Sintenis
Renée Sintenis, née Renate Alice Sintenis (20 March 1888 – 22 April 1965), was a German sculptor and medallist.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław
The Archdiocese of Wrocław (Archidiecezja wrocławska; Erzbistum Breslau; Arcidiecéze vratislavská; Archidioecesis Vratislaviensis) is a Latin Rite archdiocese of the Catholic Church named after its capital Wrocław in Poland.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Hradec Králové
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Hradec Králové Reginae Gradecen(sis), German: Königgrätz is a diocese located in the city of Hradec Králové in the Ecclesiastical province of Prague in the Czech Republic.
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Roman Empire
The Roman Empire (Imperium Rōmānum,; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr.) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.
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Rychnov nad Kněžnou
Rychnov nad Kněžnou (Reichenau an der Knieschna) is a town in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic.
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Sanatorium
A sanatorium (also spelled sanitorium and sanitarium) is a medical facility for long-term illness, most typically associated with treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in the late-nineteenth and twentieth century before the discovery of antibiotics.
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Sanitary sewer
A sanitary sewer or "foul sewer" is an underground carriage system specifically for transporting sewage from houses and commercial buildings through pipes to treatment facilities or disposal.
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Sankt Florian Psalter
The Sankt Florian Psalter or Saint Florian Psalter (Psalterium florianense or Psalterium trilingue, Florianer Psalter or Florianspsalter, Psałterz floriański or Psałterz św.) is a brightly illuminated trilingual manuscript psalter, written between late 14th and early 15th centuries in Latin, Polish and German.
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Siege of Glatz
The Siege of Glatz took place in 1760 during the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War) when an Austrian force led by General von Laudon laid siege to and successfully stormed the fortress of Glatz (Czech: Kladsko, Polish: Kłodzko) from its Prussian garrison.
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Silesia
Silesia (Śląsk; Slezsko;; Silesian German: Schläsing; Silesian: Ślůnsk; Šlazyńska; Šleska; Silesia) is a region of Central Europe located mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany.
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Silesian Wars
The Silesian Wars (Schlesische Kriege) were a series of three wars fought in the mid-18th century between Prussia (under King Frederick the Great) and Austria (under Empress Maria Theresa) for control of Silesia, all three of which ended in Prussian victory.
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Sister city
Twin towns or sister cities are a form of legal or social agreement between towns, cities, counties, oblasts, prefectures, provinces, regions, states, and even countries in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.
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Slavery
Slavery is any system in which principles of property law are applied to people, allowing individuals to own, buy and sell other individuals, as a de jure form of property.
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Slavník
Slavník (died 981) was a Bohemian nobleman, the founder of Slavník's dynasty.
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Soběslav I, Duke of Bohemia
Soběslav I (also "Sobeslaus"; c.1075 – 14 February 1140) was Duke of Bohemia from 1125 until his death.
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Sophie Ursinus
Sophie Charlotte Elisabeth Ursinus (née Weingarten; 5 May 1760 – 4 April 1836) was a German serial killer believed to have been responsible for poisoning her husband, aunt, and lover, and of attempting to poison her servant.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Stołowe Mountains
Stołowe Mountains; also known as the Table Mountains (Góry Stołowe, Stolové hory, Heuscheuergebirge) are a -long mountain range in Poland and the Czech Republic, part of the Sudetes.
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Stołowe Mountains National Park
The Stołowe Mountains National Park is a National Park in southwestern Poland.
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Sudetes
The Sudetes (also known as the Sudeten after their German name; Czech: Krkonošsko-jesenická subprovincie, Sudetská subprovincie, subprovincie Sudety, Sudetská pohoří, Sudetské pohoří, Sudety; Polish: Sudety) are a mountain range in Central Europe.
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Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union
17 days after the German invasion of Poland in 1939, which marked the beginning of World War II, the Soviet Union invaded the eastern regions of the Second Polish Republic, which Poland re-established during the Polish–Soviet War and referred to as the "Kresy", and annexed territories totaling with a population of 13,299,000 inhabitants including Lithuanians,Russians, Belarusians, Ukrainians, Poles, Jews, Czechs and others.
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Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was a war fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648.
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Town
A town is a human settlement.
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Town privileges
Town privileges or borough rights were important features of European towns during most of the second millennium.
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Unification of Germany
The unification of Germany into a politically and administratively integrated nation state officially occurred on 18 January 1871, in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles in France.
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Vehicle registration plates of Poland
Vehicle registration plates of Poland indicate the region of registration of the vehicle encoded in the number plate.
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Vienna
Vienna (Wien) is the federal capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria.
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Voivodeships of Poland
A województwo (plural: województwa) is the highest-level administrative subdivision of Poland, corresponding to a "province" in many other countries.
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Wałbrzych Voivodeship
Walbrzych Voivodeship (województwo wałbrzyskie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975–1998, superseded by the Lower Silesian Voivodeship.
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War of the Fourth Coalition
The Fourth Coalition fought against Napoleon's French Empire and was defeated in a war spanning 1806–1807.
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Wehrmacht
The Wehrmacht (lit. "defence force")From wehren, "to defend" and Macht., "power, force".
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Wenceslaus I of Bohemia
Wenceslaus I (Václav I. Přemyslovec; c. 1205 – 23 September 1253), called One-Eyed, was King of Bohemia from 1230 to 1253.
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Wilhelm Hemprich
Wilhelm Friedrich Hemprich (24 June 1796 – 30 June 1825) was a German naturalist and explorer.
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Wojsławice Arboretum
Wojsławice Arboretum is an arboretum, located in Wojsławice, Dzierżoniów County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
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World War I
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
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World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
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Wrocław
Wrocław (Breslau; Vratislav; Vratislavia) is the largest city in western Poland.
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Yalta Conference
The Yalta Conference, also known as the Crimea Conference and code named the Argonaut Conference, held from 4 to 11 February 1945, was the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union for the purpose of discussing Germany and Europe's postwar reorganization.
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Ziębice
Ziębice (Münsterberg) is a town in Ząbkowice Śląskie County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
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Redirects here:
Glatz (city), History of Kłodzko, Kladsko, Kladzo, Klodzko, Klodzo, Kodzko.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kłodzko
