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La Rochelle

Index La Rochelle

La Rochelle is a city in western France and a seaport on the Bay of Biscay, a part of the Atlantic Ocean. [1]

221 relations: Acre, Israel, Aimé Bonpland, Alcide d'Orbigny, Alexandre Auffredi, Alexandre Dumas, Allied siege of La Rochelle, Amboise conspiracy, Amel Yachts, Ancient Rome, Anglo-French War (1627–1629), Antilles, Antoine Albeau, Antoine Escalin des Aimars, École supérieure de commerce de La Rochelle, Île de Ré, Île-d'Aix, Battle of La Rochelle, Battle of Sluys, Battle of the Basque Roads, Bay of Biscay, Benjamin, Duke of Soubise, Bernard Giraudeau, Bernard Palissy, Bertrand du Guesclin, Biarritz, Bicycle-sharing system, Botanical garden, Botany, Bourgeoisie, Brazil, Calvinism, Canary Islands, Cardinal Richelieu, Charente-Maritime, Charles de Clermont, Charles V of France, Charles, Duke of Guise, Châtelaillon-Plage, Classical antiquity, Cognac, France, Colette Besson, Command of the sea, Commandos 2: Men of Courage, Communauté d'agglomération de La Rochelle, Communes of France, Communes of the Charente department, Conspiracy theory, Cyprus, Das Boot, Departments of France, ..., Duchy of Aquitaine, Edict of Boulogne, Edict of Fontainebleau, Eleanor of Aquitaine, English Channel, Ernst Schirlitz, Essaouira, Eugène Fromentin, Fabrice Neaud, Filippo di Piero Strozzi, Fort Boyard (fortification), Fossil, François-Maurice Allotte de La Fuÿe, France, France Antarctique, Franco-Ottoman alliance, French colonization of Texas, French Navy, French Resistance, French Revolution, French submarine Plongeur, French Wars of Religion, Fur trade, Gare de La Rochelle, Gaspard II de Coligny, Gauls, Geneva, George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, Georges Simenon, Geuzen, Grégory Havret, Guillaume de Montmirail, Gulf of Guinea, Gulf Stream, Guy Laroche, Guy-Victor Duperré, Handgun, Henri II de Montmorency, Henri, Duke of Rohan, Henry II of England, Henry II of France, History of slavery, Huguenot rebellions, Huguenots, Hundred Years' War, Iconoclasm, Isembert de Châtelaillon, Jacques Cousteau, Jacques de Molay, Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne, Jardin des plantes de La Rochelle, Jean de Béthencourt, Jean de Léry, Jean Duvignaud, Jean Guiton, Jean-Louis Raduit de Souches, Jean-Loup Chrétien, Jean-Paul Sartre, John Theophilus Desaguliers, Jurassic, Justin Trudeau, Kakiemon, Köppen climate classification, Kingdom of England, Knights Templar, Kuril Islands, La Pallice, La Pointe du Chay, La Rochelle – Île de Ré Airport, La Rochelle Cathedral, Lancelot Voisin de La Popelinière, Lübeck, Les Minimes, Limestone, Louis de Montfort, Louis of Nassau, Louis VIII of France, Louis XIII of France, Louis XIV of France, Lutheranism, Marais Poitevin, Marathon de La Rochelle, Marie Louise Trichet, Marie-Joseph-Camille Doré, Massacre of Wassy, Météo-France, Medieval commune, Mill (grinding), Mississippi, Montauban, Montreal, Morocco, Muséum d'Histoire naturelle de La Rochelle, Napoleonic Wars, Nîmes, New France, New Rochelle, New York, New World, New York (state), Nicolas Gargot de la Rochette, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Numismatics, Oceanic climate, OFP La Rochelle, Oléron, Orbigny-Bernon Museum, Oxfordian (stage), Paul Ramadier, Pertuis d'Antioche, Petrozavodsk, Pierre Richier, Pierre Trudeau, Pierre-Jean-Baptiste Nougaret, Pineau des Charentes, Placentia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Plantation, Port, Prefectures in France, Prime Minister of Canada, Prometheus Books, Raiders of the Lost Ark, Recovery of Ré island, Renaissance, René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur, René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, Rouen, Rugby union, Russia, RV Calypso, Saint-Martin-de-Ré, Saintes, Charente-Maritime, Saintonge, Salt evaporation pond, Samuel de Missy, Santiago de Figueiró, Santones, Schleswig-Holstein, Seven Years' War, Siege of La Rochelle, Siege of La Rochelle (1224), Siege of La Rochelle (1572–73), Siege of Saint-Martin-de-Ré, Siege of Sancerre, Singapore, Sister city, Socialist Party (France), Solar irradiance, St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, Stade Marcel-Deflandre, Stade Rochelais, State within a state, Submarine, Sugar, Textbook, The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail, The Three Musketeers, Top 14, Treaty of Brétigny, Treaty of Montpellier, Triangular trade, Tropical timber, University of La Rochelle, University of Michigan, Vauclair castle, Victor Prevost, Vincent Paronnaud, Warship, West Indies, William the Silent, William X, Duke of Aquitaine, William-Adolphe Bouguereau. Expand index (171 more) »

Acre, Israel

Acre (or, עַכּוֹ, ʻAko, most commonly spelled as Akko; عكّا, ʻAkkā) is a city in the coastal plain region of Israel's Northern District at the extremity of Haifa Bay.

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Aimé Bonpland

Aimé Jacques Alexandre Bonpland (August 1773 – May 1858) was a French explorer and botanist who traveled with Alexander von Humboldt in Latin America from 1799 to 1804.

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Alcide d'Orbigny

Alcide Charles Victor Marie Dessalines d'Orbigny (6 September 1802 – 30 June 1857) was a French naturalist who made major contributions in many areas, including zoology (including malacology), palaeontology, geology, archaeology and anthropology.

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Alexandre Auffredi

Alexandre Auffredi was a wealthy bourgeois of the city of La Rochelle in France, who in 1196 sent a fleet of seven ships to Africa to tap the riches of the continent.

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Alexandre Dumas

Alexandre Dumas (born Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie; 24 July 1802 – 5 December 1870), also known as Alexandre Dumas, père ("father"), was a French writer.

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Allied siege of La Rochelle

The Allied siege of La Rochelle occurred during the Second World War in 1944–45, when Allied troops invaded France.

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Amboise conspiracy

The Amboise conspiracy, also called Tumult of Amboise, was a failed attempt by Huguenots in 1560 to gain power over France by abducting the young king Francis II and arresting Francis, Duke of Guise and his brother, the Cardinal of Lorraine.

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Amel Yachts

Chantiers Amel is a French shipyard founded by Henri Amel in 1965.

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Ancient Rome

In historiography, ancient Rome is Roman civilization from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire until the fall of the western empire.

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Anglo-French War (1627–1629)

The Anglo-French War was a military conflict fought between the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of England between 1627 and 1629 that was part of the broader Thirty Years' War.

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Antilles

The Antilles (Antilles in French; Antillas in Spanish; Antillen in Dutch and Antilhas in Portuguese) is an archipelago bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the south and west, the Gulf of Mexico to the northwest, and the Atlantic Ocean to the north and east.

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Antoine Albeau

Antoine Albeau is a French windsurfer who holds twenty-four Windsurfing World Championships in different disciplines since 1994.

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Antoine Escalin des Aimars

Antoine Escalin des Aimars (1516 - 1578), also known as Captain Polin or Captain Paulin, later Baron de La Garde, was French ambassador to the Ottoman Empire from 1541 to 1547, and "Général des Galères" ("General of the galleys") from 1544.

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École supérieure de commerce de La Rochelle

La Rochelle Business School, created in 1988, is a French university-level institution of higher education and member of the network of French Grandes Ecoles.

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Île de Ré

Île de Ré (variously spelled Rhé, Rhéa or Rhea; in English Isle of Rhé) is an island off the west coast of France near La Rochelle, on the northern side of the Pertuis d'Antioche strait.

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Île-d'Aix

Île-d'Aix is a commune in the Charente-Maritime department off the west coast of France.

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Battle of La Rochelle

The Battle of La Rochelle was a naval battle fought on 22 and 23 June 1372 between a Castilian fleet commanded by the Castilian Almirant Ambrosio Boccanegra and an English convoy commanded by John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke.

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Battle of Sluys

The Battle of Sluys, also called the Battle of l'Ecluse, was a sea battle fought on 24 June 1340 between England and France, in the port of Sluis (French Écluse), on the inlet between West Flanders and Zeeland.

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Battle of the Basque Roads

The Battle of the Basque Roads, also known as the Battle of Aix Roads (French: Bataille de l'île d'Aix, also Affaire des brûlots, rarely Bataille de la rade des Basques) was a major naval battle of the Napoleonic Wars, fought in the narrow Basque Roads at the mouth of the Charente River on the Biscay coast of France.

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Bay of Biscay

The Bay of Biscay (Golfe de Gascogne, Golfo de Vizcaya, Pleg-mor Gwaskogn, Bizkaiko Golkoa) is a gulf of the northeast Atlantic Ocean located south of the Celtic Sea.

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Benjamin, Duke of Soubise

Benjamin de Rohan, duc de Soubise (1580–1642), was a French Huguenot leader.

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Bernard Giraudeau

Bernard René Giraudeau (18 June 1947 – 17 July 2010) was a French actor, film director, scriptwriter, producer and writer.

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Bernard Palissy

Bernard Palissy (c. 1510c. 1589) was a French Huguenot potter, hydraulics engineer and craftsman, famous for having struggled for sixteen years to imitate Chinese porcelain.

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Bertrand du Guesclin

Bertrand du Guesclin (c. 1320 – 13 July 1380), nicknamed "The Eagle of Brittany" or "The Black Dog of Brocéliande", was a Breton knight and French military commander during the Hundred Years' War.

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Biarritz

Biarritz (Biarritz or Miarritze; Gascon Biàrritz) is a city on the Bay of Biscay, on the Atlantic coast in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the French Basque Country in Southwestern France.

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Bicycle-sharing system

A bicycle-sharing system, public bicycle system, or bike-share scheme, is a service in which bicycles are made available for shared use to individuals on a short term basis for a price or free.

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Botanical garden

A botanical garden or botanic gardenThe terms botanic and botanical and garden or gardens are used more-or-less interchangeably, although the word botanic is generally reserved for the earlier, more traditional gardens.

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Botany

Botany, also called plant science(s), plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology.

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Bourgeoisie

The bourgeoisie is a polysemous French term that can mean.

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Brazil

Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.

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Calvinism

Calvinism (also called the Reformed tradition, Reformed Christianity, Reformed Protestantism, or the Reformed faith) is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice of John Calvin and other Reformation-era theologians.

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Canary Islands

The Canary Islands (Islas Canarias) is a Spanish archipelago and autonomous community of Spain located in the Atlantic Ocean, west of Morocco at the closest point.

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Cardinal Richelieu

Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis, 1st Duke of Richelieu and Fronsac (9 September 15854 December 1642), commonly referred to as Cardinal Richelieu (Cardinal de Richelieu), was a French clergyman, nobleman, and statesman.

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Charente-Maritime

Charente-Maritime is a department on the southwestern coast of France named after the Charente River.

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Charles de Clermont

Charles de Clermont, called la Fontaine, was a Protestant preacher who was active in La Rochelle in 1557.

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Charles V of France

Charles V (21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380), called "the Wise" (le Sage; Sapiens), was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1364 to his death.

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Charles, Duke of Guise

Charles de Lorraine, 4th Duke of Guise (2 August 1571 – 30 September 1640) was the son of Henry I, Duke of Guise and Catherine of Cleves.

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Châtelaillon-Plage

Châtelaillon-Plage is a commune in the Charente-Maritime department in southwestern France.

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Classical antiquity

Classical antiquity (also the classical era, classical period or classical age) is the period of cultural history between the 8th century BC and the 5th or 6th century AD centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, collectively known as the Greco-Roman world.

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Cognac, France

Cognac is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

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Colette Besson

Colette Besson (7 April 1946 – 9 August 2005) was a French athlete, the surprise winner of the 400 m at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.

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Command of the sea

A navy has command of the sea (also called control of the sea or sea control) when it is so strong that its rivals cannot attack it directly.

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Commandos 2: Men of Courage

Commandos 2: Men of Courage is a real-time tactics video game, developed by Pyro Studios, published by Eidos Interactive, and released on September 20, 2001.

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Communauté d'agglomération de La Rochelle

The Communauté d'agglomération de La Rochelle is the communauté d'agglomération, an intercommunal structure, centred on the city of La Rochelle.

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Communes of France

The commune is a level of administrative division in the French Republic.

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Communes of the Charente department

The following is a list of the 381 communes of the Charente department of France.

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Conspiracy theory

A conspiracy theory is an explanation of an event or situation that invokes an unwarranted conspiracy, generally one involving an illegal or harmful act carried out by government or other powerful actors.

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Cyprus

Cyprus (Κύπρος; Kıbrıs), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean and the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean.

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Das Boot

Das Boot (German: "The Boat") is a 1981 German war film written and directed by Wolfgang Petersen, produced by Günter Rohrbach, and starring Jürgen Prochnow, Herbert Grönemeyer, and Klaus Wennemann.

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Departments of France

In the administrative divisions of France, the department (département) is one of the three levels of government below the national level ("territorial collectivities"), between the administrative regions and the commune.

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Duchy of Aquitaine

The Duchy of Aquitaine (Ducat d'Aquitània,, Duché d'Aquitaine) was a historical fiefdom in western, central and southern areas of present-day France to the south of the Loire River, although its extent, as well as its name, fluctuated greatly over the centuries, at times comprising much of what is now southwestern France (Gascony) and central France.

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Edict of Boulogne

The Edict of Boulogne, also called the Edict of Pacification of Boulogne and the Peace of La Rochelle, was signed in July, 1573 by King Charles IX of France in the Château de Madrid in the Bois de Boulogne.

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Edict of Fontainebleau

The Edict of Fontainebleau (22 October 1685) was an edict issued by Louis XIV of France, also known as the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes.

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Eleanor of Aquitaine

Eleanor of Aquitaine (Aliénor d'Aquitaine, Éléonore,; 1124 – 1 April 1204) was queen consort of France (1137–1152) and England (1154–1189) and duchess of Aquitaine in her own right (1137–1204).

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English Channel

The English Channel (la Manche, "The Sleeve"; Ärmelkanal, "Sleeve Channel"; Mor Breizh, "Sea of Brittany"; Mor Bretannek, "Sea of Brittany"), also called simply the Channel, is the body of water that separates southern England from northern France and links the southern part of the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean.

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Ernst Schirlitz

Ernst Schirlitz (7 September 1893 – 27 November 1978) was a German vice admiral in the navy (Kriegsmarine) of Nazi Germany.

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Essaouira

Essaouira (الصويرة; ⵎⵓⴳⴰⴹⵓⵔ, Mugadur), formerly known as Mogador, is a city in the western Moroccan economic region of Marrakesh-Safi, on the Atlantic coast.

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Eugène Fromentin

Eugène Fromentin (October 24, 1820 – August 27, 1876) was a French painter and writer, now better remembered for his writings.

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Fabrice Neaud

Fabrice Neaud (born December 17, 1968, in La Rochelle) is a French comics artist.

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Filippo di Piero Strozzi

Filippo di Piero Strozzi (French: Philippe Strozzi; 1541 – 27 July 1582) was an Italian condottiero, a member of the Florentine family of the Strozzi.

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Fort Boyard (fortification)

Fort Boyard is a fort located between the Île-d'Aix and the Île d'Oléron in the Pertuis d'Antioche straits, on the west coast of France and is the filming location for the TV gameshow of the same name.

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Fossil

A fossil (from Classical Latin fossilis; literally, "obtained by digging") is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.

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François-Maurice Allotte de La Fuÿe

François-Maurice Allotte de La Fuÿe (6 November 1844, La Rochelle – 13 February 1939, Versailles) was a French military officer, archaeologist and numismatist.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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France Antarctique

France Antarctique (formerly also spelled France antartique) was a French colony south of the Equator, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which existed between 1555 and 1567, and had control over the coast from Rio de Janeiro to Cabo Frio.

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Franco-Ottoman alliance

The Franco-Ottoman alliance, also Franco-Turkish alliance, was an alliance established in 1536 between the king of France Francis I and the Turkish sultan of the Ottoman Empire Suleiman the Magnificent.

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French colonization of Texas

The French colonization of Texas began with the establishment of a fort in present-day southeastern Texas.

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French Navy

The French Navy (Marine Nationale), informally "La Royale", is the maritime arm of the French Armed Forces.

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French Resistance

The French Resistance (La Résistance) was the collection of French movements that fought against the Nazi German occupation of France and against the collaborationist Vichy régime during the Second World War.

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French Revolution

The French Revolution (Révolution française) was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies that lasted from 1789 until 1799.

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French submarine Plongeur

Plongeur (French for "Diver") was a French submarine launched on 16 April 1863.

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French Wars of Religion

The French Wars of Religion refers to a prolonged period of war and popular unrest between Roman Catholics and Huguenots (Reformed/Calvinist Protestants) in the Kingdom of France between 1562 and 1598.

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Fur trade

The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur.

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Gare de La Rochelle

Gare de La Rochelle is the main railway station serving La Rochelle.

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Gaspard II de Coligny

Gaspard de Coligny, Seigneur de Châtillon (16 February 1519 – 24 August 1572) was a French nobleman and admiral, best remembered as a disciplined Huguenot leader in the French Wars of Religion and a close friend and advisor to King Charles IX of France.

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Gauls

The Gauls were Celtic people inhabiting Gaul in the Iron Age and the Roman period (roughly from the 5th century BC to the 5th century AD).

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Geneva

Geneva (Genève, Genèva, Genf, Ginevra, Genevra) is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of the Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland.

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George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham

George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, (28 August 1592 – 23 August 1628), was an English courtier, statesman, and patron of the arts.

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Georges Simenon

Georges Joseph Christian Simenon (13 February 1903 – 4 September 1989) was a Belgian writer.

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Geuzen

Geuzen (French: Les Gueux, English: the Beggars) was a name assumed by the confederacy of Calvinist Dutch nobles, who from 1566 opposed Spanish rule in the Netherlands.

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Grégory Havret

Grégory Havret (born 25 November 1976) is a French professional golfer.

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Guillaume de Montmirail

Guillaume de Montmirail was a French nobleman, who was elected the first mayor of La Rochelle in 1199.

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Gulf of Guinea

The Gulf of Guinea is the northeasternmost part of the tropical Atlantic Ocean between Cape Lopez in Gabon, north and west to Cape Palmas in Liberia.

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Gulf Stream

The Gulf Stream, together with its northern extension the North Atlantic Drift, is a warm and swift Atlantic ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and stretches to the tip of Florida, and follows the eastern coastlines of the United States and Newfoundland before crossing the Atlantic Ocean.

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Guy Laroche

Guy Laroche was a French fashion designer (16 July 1921 in La Rochelle, France – 17 February 1989 in Paris) and founder of the eponymous company.

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Guy-Victor Duperré

Guy-Victor Duperré (20 February 1775, La Rochelle2 November 1846, Paris) was a French naval officer and Admiral of France.

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Handgun

A handgun is a short-barreled firearm designed to be fired with only one hand.

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Henri II de Montmorency

Henri II de Montmorency (30 April 1595 – 30 October 1632) was a French nobleman and military commander.

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Henri, Duke of Rohan

Henri (II) de Rohan (21 August 157913 April 1638), Duke of Rohan and Prince of Léon, was a French soldier, writer and leader of the Huguenots.

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Henry II of England

Henry II (5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189), also known as Henry Curtmantle (Court-manteau), Henry FitzEmpress or Henry Plantagenet, ruled as Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Nantes, King of England and Lord of Ireland; at various times, he also partially controlled Wales, Scotland and Brittany.

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Henry II of France

Henry II (Henri II; 31 March 1519 – 10 July 1559) was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 31 March 1547 until his death in 1559.

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History of slavery

The history of slavery spans many cultures, nationalities, and religions from ancient times to the present day.

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Huguenot rebellions

The Huguenot rebellions, sometimes called the Rohan Wars after the Huguenot leader Henri de Rohan, were an event of the 1620s in which French Calvinist Protestants (Huguenots), mainly located in southwestern France, revolted against royal authority.

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Huguenots

Huguenots (Les huguenots) are an ethnoreligious group of French Protestants who follow the Reformed tradition.

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Hundred Years' War

The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the House of Valois, over the right to rule the Kingdom of France.

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Iconoclasm

IconoclasmLiterally, "image-breaking", from κλάω.

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Isembert de Châtelaillon

Isembert de Châtelaillon, or Isembard de Castrum Allionis, also Isembert the Last, also spelled Isambert, was a French nobleman and the master of the city of Châtelaillon in Charente-Maritime, a territory which covered the area between the Sèvre river in the north and the Charente river in the south and included Ré island and Aix island but not Oléron island, in the early 12th century.

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Jacques Cousteau

Jacques-Yves Cousteau (11 June 1910 – 25 June 1997) was a French naval officer, explorer, conservationist, filmmaker, innovator, scientist, photographer, author and researcher who studied the sea and all forms of life in water.

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Jacques de Molay

Jacques de Molay (c. 1243 – 18 March 1314), also spelt "Molai",Demurger, pp.

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Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne

Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne (23 April 17563 June 1819), also known as Jean Nicolas, was a French personality of the Revolutionary period.

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Jardin des plantes de La Rochelle

The Jardin des plantes de La Rochelle is a small botanical garden located behind the natural history museum at 28 rue Albert Ier, La Rochelle, Charente-Maritime, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France.

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Jean de Béthencourt

Jean de Béthencourt (1362–1425) was a French explorer who in 1402 led an expedition to the Canary Islands, landing first on the north side of Lanzarote.

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Jean de Léry

Jean de Léry (1536–1613) was an explorer, writer and Reformed pastor born in Lamargelle, Côte-d'Or, France.

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Jean Duvignaud

Jean Duvignaud (22 February 1921 – 17 February 2007) was a French novelist, sociologist and anthropologist.

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Jean Guiton

Jean Guiton (2 July 1585 – 15 March 1654) was born in La Rochelle, where he followed the occupation of ship-owner.

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Jean-Louis Raduit de Souches

Count Jean-Louis Raduit de Souches (La Rochelle France, August 16, 1608 – Jevišovice Moravia, August 12, 1682) was a Field Marshal of the Habsburg Imperial Army of French descent.

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Jean-Loup Chrétien

Jean-Loup Jacques Marie Chrétien (born 20 August 1938) is a French retired Général de Brigade (brigadier general) in the Armée de l'Air (French air force), and a former CNES spationaut.

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Jean-Paul Sartre

Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980) was a French philosopher, playwright, novelist, political activist, biographer, and literary critic.

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John Theophilus Desaguliers

John Theophilus Desaguliers FRS (12 March 1683 – 29 February 1744) was a French-born British natural philosopher, clergyman, engineer and freemason who was elected to the Royal Society in 1714 as experimental assistant to Isaac Newton.

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Jurassic

The Jurassic (from Jura Mountains) was a geologic period and system that spanned 56 million years from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period Mya.

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Justin Trudeau

Justin Pierre James Trudeau (born December 25, 1971) is a Canadian politician serving as the 23rd and current Prime Minister of Canada since 2015 and Leader of the Liberal Party since 2013.

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Kakiemon

is a style of Japanese porcelain, with overglaze decoration called "enameled" ceramics.

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Köppen climate classification

The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems.

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Kingdom of England

The Kingdom of England (French: Royaume d'Angleterre; Danish: Kongeriget England; German: Königreich England) was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from the 10th century—when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms—until 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.

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Knights Templar

The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Salomonici), also known as the Order of Solomon's Temple, the Knights Templar or simply as Templars, were a Catholic military order recognised in 1139 by papal bull Omne Datum Optimum of the Holy See.

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Kuril Islands

The Kuril Islands or Kurile Islands (or; p or r; Japanese: or), in Russia's Sakhalin Oblast region, form a volcanic archipelago that stretches approximately northeast from Hokkaido, Japan, to Kamchatka, Russia, separating the Sea of Okhotsk from the north Pacific Ocean.

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La Pallice

La Pallice (also known as grand port maritime de La Rochelle) is the commercial deep-water port of La Rochelle, France.

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La Pointe du Chay

La Pointe du Chay is a limestone promontory, about 5 kilometres from La Rochelle, France, between the seafront of Aytré and Angoulins.

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La Rochelle – Île de Ré Airport

La Rochelle – Île de Ré Airport is an airport located 2.5 km northwest of La Rochelle, a commune of the département of Charente-Maritime in France.

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La Rochelle Cathedral

La Rochelle Cathedral (Cathédrale Saint-Louis de la Rochelle) is a Roman Catholic church located in the town of La Rochelle, France.

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Lancelot Voisin de La Popelinière

Lancelot Voisin de La Popelinière (1541–1608), was a writer and historian from Gascony in southwest France.

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Lübeck

Lübeck is a city in Schleswig-Holstein, northern Germany, and one of the major ports of Germany.

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Les Minimes

Les Minimes, Port de plaisance des Minimes, is the largest marina in France for pleasure boats.

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Limestone

Limestone is a sedimentary rock, composed mainly of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral, forams and molluscs.

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Louis de Montfort

Saint Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort (31 January 1673 – 28 April 1716) was a French Roman Catholic priest and Confessor.

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Louis of Nassau

Louis of Nassau (Dutch: Lodewijk van Nassau, January 10, 1538 – April 14, 1574) was the third son of William, Count of Nassau and Juliana of Stolberg, and the younger brother of Prince William of Orange Nassau.

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Louis VIII of France

Louis VIII the Lion (Louis VIII le Lion; 5 September 1187 – 8 November 1226) was King of France from 1223 to 1226.

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Louis XIII of France

Louis XIII (27 September 1601 – 14 May 1643) was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1610 to 1643 and King of Navarre (as Louis II) from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crown.

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Louis XIV of France

Louis XIV (Louis Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), known as Louis the Great (Louis le Grand) or the Sun King (Roi Soleil), was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who reigned as King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715.

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Lutheranism

Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestant Christianity which identifies with the theology of Martin Luther (1483–1546), a German friar, ecclesiastical reformer and theologian.

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Marais Poitevin

The Marais Poitevin (Poitevin Marsh) is a large area of marshland in western France, a remnant of the former Gulf of Poitou (the name meaning "Poitou's Marsh", "Marsh of Poitou region").

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Marathon de La Rochelle

The Marathon de La Rochelle is an annual road running event which takes place in late November in La Rochelle, France.

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Marie Louise Trichet

Blessed Marie Louise Trichet, also known as Marie-Louise de Jésus (1684–1759), was a French Catholic figure who, with Saint Louis de Montfort, founded the Congregation of religious women called Daughters of Wisdom and since the age of seventeen devoted her life to caring for the poor and the sick.

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Marie-Joseph-Camille Doré

Marie-Joseph-Camille Doré (born 1831) was a captain (Lieutenant de Vaisseau) in the French Navy in the 19th century.

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Massacre of Wassy

The Massacre of Wassy, also known as the Massacre of Vassy, is the name given to the murder of Huguenot worshipers and citizens in an armed action by troops of Francis, Duke of Guise, in Wassy, France on 1 March 1562.

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Météo-France

Météo-France is the French national meteorological service.

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Medieval commune

Medieval communes in the European Middle Ages had sworn allegiances of mutual defense (both physical defense and of traditional freedoms) among the citizens of a town or city.

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Mill (grinding)

A mill is a device that breaks solid materials into smaller pieces by grinding, crushing, or cutting.

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Mississippi

Mississippi is a state in the Southern United States, with part of its southern border formed by the Gulf of Mexico.

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Montauban

Montauban (Montalban) is a commune in the Tarn-et-Garonne department in the Occitanie region in southern France.

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Montreal

Montreal (officially Montréal) is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous municipality in Canada.

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Morocco

Morocco (officially known as the Kingdom of Morocco, is a unitary sovereign state located in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is one of the native homelands of the indigenous Berber people. Geographically, Morocco is characterised by a rugged mountainous interior, large tracts of desert and a lengthy coastline along the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Morocco has a population of over 33.8 million and an area of. Its capital is Rabat, and the largest city is Casablanca. Other major cities include Marrakesh, Tangier, Salé, Fes, Meknes and Oujda. A historically prominent regional power, Morocco has a history of independence not shared by its neighbours. Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD, the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties, reaching its zenith under the Almoravid dynasty and Almohad dynasty, spanning parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa. The Marinid and Saadi dynasties continued the struggle against foreign domination, and Morocco remained the only North African country to avoid Ottoman occupation. The Alaouite dynasty, the current ruling dynasty, seized power in 1631. In 1912, Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates, with an international zone in Tangier, and regained its independence in 1956. Moroccan culture is a blend of Berber, Arab, West African and European influences. Morocco claims the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara, formerly Spanish Sahara, as its Southern Provinces. After Spain agreed to decolonise the territory to Morocco and Mauritania in 1975, a guerrilla war arose with local forces. Mauritania relinquished its claim in 1979, and the war lasted until a cease-fire in 1991. Morocco currently occupies two thirds of the territory, and peace processes have thus far failed to break the political deadlock. Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The King of Morocco holds vast executive and legislative powers, especially over the military, foreign policy and religious affairs. Executive power is exercised by the government, while legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives and the Assembly of Councillors. The king can issue decrees called dahirs, which have the force of law. He can also dissolve the parliament after consulting the Prime Minister and the president of the constitutional court. Morocco's predominant religion is Islam, and the official languages are Arabic and Berber, with Berber being the native language of Morocco before the Arab conquest in the 600s AD. The Moroccan dialect of Arabic, referred to as Darija, and French are also widely spoken. Morocco is a member of the Arab League, the Union for the Mediterranean and the African Union. It has the fifth largest economy of Africa.

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Muséum d'Histoire naturelle de La Rochelle

The Muséum d'histoire naturelle de La Rochelle is a natural history museum in the city of La Rochelle, France.

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Napoleonic Wars

The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European powers formed into various coalitions, financed and usually led by the United Kingdom.

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Nîmes

Nîmes (Provençal Occitan: Nimes) is a city in the Occitanie region of southern France.

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New France

New France (Nouvelle-France) was the area colonized by France in North America during a period beginning with the exploration of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Great Britain and Spain in 1763.

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New Rochelle, New York

New Rochelle is a city in Westchester County, New York, United States, in the southeastern portion of the state.

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New World

The New World is one of the names used for the majority of Earth's Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas (including nearby islands such as those of the Caribbean and Bermuda).

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New York (state)

New York is a state in the northeastern United States.

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Nicolas Gargot de la Rochette

Nicolas Gargot de La Rochette was Governor of Plaisance (Placentia), Newfoundland in 1660.

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Nouvelle-Aquitaine

Nouvelle-Aquitaine ("New Aquitaine"; Nòva Aquitània; Akitania Berria; Poitevin-Saintongeais: Novéle-Aguiéne) is the largest administrative region in France, located in the southwest of the country.

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Numismatics

Numismatics is the study or collection of currency, including coins, tokens, paper money, and related objects.

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Oceanic climate

An oceanic or highland climate, also known as a marine or maritime climate, is the Köppen classification of climate typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, and generally features cool summers (relative to their latitude) and cool winters, with a relatively narrow annual temperature range and few extremes of temperature, with the exception for transitional areas to continental, subarctic and highland climates.

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OFP La Rochelle

OFP La Rochelle is a rail freight company; a joint venture between Euro Cargo Rail and the port of La Rochelle.

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Oléron

Île d'Oléron is an island off the Atlantic coast of France (due west of Rochefort), on the southern side of the Pertuis d'Antioche strait.

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Orbigny-Bernon Museum

The Orbigny-Bernon Museum (French: Musée d'Orbigny-Bernon) is a history museum in the French city of La Rochelle.

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Oxfordian (stage)

The Oxfordian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the earliest age of the Late Jurassic epoch, or the lowest stage of the Upper Jurassic series.

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Paul Ramadier

Paul Ramadier (17 March 1888, La Rochelle – 14 October 1961, Rodez) was a prominent French politician of the Third and Fourth Republics.

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Pertuis d'Antioche

The Pertuis d'Antioche (Passage of Antioch) is a strait on the Atlantic coast of Western France, between two islands, Île de Ré and Île d'Oléron, on the one side, and on the other side the continental coast between the cities of La Rochelle and the naval arsenal of Rochefort.

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Petrozavodsk

Petrozavodsk (p; Karelian, Vepsian & Petroskoi; Finland Swedish: Petroskoj) is the capital city of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, which stretches along the western shore of Lake Onega for some.

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Pierre Richier

Pierre Richier, also Pierre Richer, dit de Lisle, (circa 1506-1580) was a French Calvinist theologian, who accompanied Philippe de Corguilleray on a French expedition to Brazil in 1556, to reinforce the colony of France Antarctique.

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Pierre Trudeau

Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau (October 18, 1919 – September 28, 2000), often referred to by the initials PET, was a Canadian statesman who served as the 15th Prime Minister of Canada (1968–1979 and 1980–1984).

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Pierre-Jean-Baptiste Nougaret

Pierre-Jean-Baptiste Nougaret (16 December 1742, La Rochelle – 27 June 1823, Paris) was an 18th–19th-century French man of letters.

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Pineau des Charentes

Pineau des Charentes, (Pineau Charentais, or simply Pineau) is a regional French aperitif, made in the départements of Charente, Charente-Maritime and, to a much lesser extent, Dordogne in western France.

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Placentia, Newfoundland and Labrador

Placentia is a town located in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador Canada, It consists of the "Argentia Industrial Park" and amalgamated communities of Townside, Freshwater, Dunville, and Jerseyside.

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Plantation

A plantation is a large-scale farm that specializes in cash crops.

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Port

A port is a maritime commercial facility which may comprise one or more wharves where ships may dock to load and discharge passengers and cargo.

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Prefectures in France

A prefecture (préfecture) in France may refer to.

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Prime Minister of Canada

The Prime Minister of Canada (Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus Canada's head of government, charged with advising the Canadian monarch or Governor General of Canada on the exercise of the executive powers vested in them by the constitution.

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Prometheus Books

Prometheus Books is a publishing company founded in August 1969 by the philosopher Paul Kurtz (who was also the founder of the Council for Secular Humanism, Center for Inquiry, and co-founder of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry).

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Raiders of the Lost Ark

Raiders of the Lost Ark (also known as Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark) is a 1981 American action adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg, written by Lawrence Kasdan from a story by George Lucas and Philip Kaufman.

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Recovery of Ré island

The Recovery of Ré Island (French: Reprise de l'Île de Ré) was accomplished by the army of Louis XIII in September 1625, against the troops of the Protestant admiral Soubise and the Huguenot forces of La Rochelle, who had been occupying the Island of Ré since February 1625 as part of the Huguenot rebellions.

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Renaissance

The Renaissance is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries.

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René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur

René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur (28 February 1683, La Rochelle – 17 October 1757, Saint-Julien-du-Terroux) was a French entomologist and writer who contributed to many different fields, especially the study of insects.

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René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle

René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, or Robert de La Salle (November 22, 1643 – March 19, 1687) was a French explorer.

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Rouen

Rouen (Frankish: Rodomo; Rotomagus, Rothomagus) is a city on the River Seine in the north of France.

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Rugby union

Rugby union, commonly known in most of the world as rugby, is a contact team sport which originated in England in the first half of the 19th century.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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RV Calypso

RV Calypso is a former British Royal Navy minesweeper converted into a research vessel for the oceanographic researcher Jacques-Yves Cousteau, equipped with a mobile laboratory for underwater field research.

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Saint-Martin-de-Ré

Saint-Martin-de-Ré is a commune in the western French department of Charente-Maritime.

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Saintes, Charente-Maritime

Saintes is a commune and historic town in southwestern France, in the Charente-Maritime department of which it is a sub-prefecture, in Nouvelle-Aquitaine.

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Saintonge

Saintonge, historically spelled Xaintonge and Xainctonge, is a former province of France located on the west central Atlantic coast.

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Salt evaporation pond

San Francisco Bay salt ponds salar'' is rich in lithium, and the mine concentrates the brine in the ponds Contemporary solar evaporation salt pans on the island of Lanzarote at Salinas de Janubio Solar evaporation ponds in the Atacama Desert Solar evaporation ponds in the Salt Valley of Añana, Spain Solar evaporation ponds in the Salt Valley of Añana, Spain A salt evaporation pond is a shallow artificial salt pan designed to extract salts from sea water or other brines.

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Samuel de Missy

Samuel de Missy (Samuel, Pierre, Joseph, David, de Missy or Demissy, 30 October 1755 – 20 October 1820) was a French trader and businessman, from the city of La Rochelle, where he was born.

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Santiago de Figueiró

Santiago de Figueiró is a former civil parish, located in the municipality of Amarante, Portugal.

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Santones

The Santones or Santoni or Santii (Σάντονες, Σάντονοι, Σάντωνες, Santons) were a tribe of ancient Gaul located in the modern region of Saintonge and around the city of Saintes, city to which they gave their name.

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Schleswig-Holstein

Schleswig-Holstein is the northernmost of the 16 states of Germany, comprising most of the historical duchy of Holstein and the southern part of the former Duchy of Schleswig.

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Seven Years' War

The Seven Years' War was a global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763.

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Siege of La Rochelle

The Siege of La Rochelle (French: Le Siège de La Rochelle, or sometimes Le Grand Siège de La Rochelle) was a result of a war between the French royal forces of Louis XIII of France and the Huguenots of La Rochelle in 1627–28.

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Siege of La Rochelle (1224)

The Siege of La Rochelle of 1224 was the decisive engagement in the campaign between the Capetians and the Plantagenets for control of Poitou.

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Siege of La Rochelle (1572–73)

The Siege of La Rochelle of 1572–1573 was a massive military assault on the Huguenot-held city of La Rochelle by Catholic troops during the fourth phase of the French Wars of Religion, following the August 1572 St. Bartholomew's Day massacre.

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Siege of Saint-Martin-de-Ré

The Siege of Saint-Martin-de-Ré, also Siege of St.

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Siege of Sancerre

The Siege of Sancerre (1572–1573) was a siege of the fortified hilltop city of Sancerre in central France during the Wars of Religion where the Huguenot population held out for nearly eight months against the Catholic forces of the king.

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Singapore

Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign city-state and island country in Southeast Asia.

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Sister city

Twin towns or sister cities are a form of legal or social agreement between towns, cities, counties, oblasts, prefectures, provinces, regions, states, and even countries in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.

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Socialist Party (France)

The Socialist Party (Parti socialiste, PS) is a social-democratic political party in France, and the largest party of the French centre-left.

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Solar irradiance

Solar irradiance is the power per unit area received from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range of the measuring instrument.

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St. Bartholomew's Day massacre

The St.

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Stade Marcel-Deflandre

Stade Marcel-Deflandre is a sports stadium in La Rochelle, France.

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Stade Rochelais

Stade Rochelais, commonly called La Rochelle, is a French rugby union club who compete in the Top 14.

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State within a state

A state within a state or a deep state is a political situation in a country when an internal organ ("deep state"), such as the armed forces or public authorities (intelligence agencies, police, secret police, administrative agencies, and branches of government bureaucracy), does not respond to the civilian political leadership.

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Submarine

A submarine (or simply sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater.

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Sugar

Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food.

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Textbook

A textbook or coursebook (UK English) is a manual of instruction in any branch of study.

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The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail

The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail (published as Holy Blood, Holy Grail in the United States) is a book by Michael Baigent, Richard Leigh and Henry Lincoln.

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The Three Musketeers

The Three Musketeers (Les Trois Mousquetaires) is a historical adventure novel written in 1844 by French author Alexandre Dumas.

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Top 14

The Top 14 is a professional rugby union club competition that is played in France created in 1892.

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Treaty of Brétigny

The Treaty of Brétigny was a treaty, drafted on 8 May 1360 and ratified on 24 October 1360, between King Edward III of England and King John II of France (the Good).

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Treaty of Montpellier

The Treaty of Montpellier (or the Peace of Montpellier) was signed in Montpellier on 18 October 1622 between King Louis XIII of France and Duke Henry II of Rohan.

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Triangular trade

Triangular trade or triangle trade is a historical term indicating trade among three ports or regions.

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Tropical timber

Tropical timber may refer to any type of timber or wood that grows in tropical rainforests and tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests and is harvested there.

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University of La Rochelle

The University of La Rochelle (Université de La Rochelle) is a French university, based in La Rochelle.

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University of Michigan

The University of Michigan (UM, U-M, U of M, or UMich), often simply referred to as Michigan, is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

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Vauclair castle

Vauclair castle, also Vauclerc castle (French: 'Château Vauclair) was a castle built in La Rochelle, by Henry II of England in the 12th century.

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Victor Prevost

French-born Victor Prevost (1820–1881) is one of the earliest photographers to work in New York City.

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Vincent Paronnaud

Vincent Paronnaud (born 1970), a.k.a. Winshluss, is a French comics artist and filmmaker.

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Warship

A warship is a naval ship that is built and primarily intended for naval warfare.

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West Indies

The West Indies or the Caribbean Basin is a region of the North Atlantic Ocean in the Caribbean that includes the island countries and surrounding waters of three major archipelagoes: the Greater Antilles, the Lesser Antilles and the Lucayan Archipelago.

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William the Silent

William I, Prince of Orange (24 April 1533 – 10 July 1584), also widely known as William the Silent or William the Taciturn (translated from Willem de Zwijger), or more commonly known as William of Orange (Willem van Oranje), was the main leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish Habsburgs that set off the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) and resulted in the formal independence of the United Provinces in 1581.

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William X, Duke of Aquitaine

William X (Guillém X in Occitan) (1099 – 9 April 1137), called the Saint, was Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, and Count of Poitou (as William VIII) from 1126 to 1137.

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William-Adolphe Bouguereau

William-Adolphe Bouguereau (30 November 1825 – 19 August 1905) was a French academic painter.

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Redirects here:

Council of La Rochelle, History of La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle

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