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219 relations: Actinide, Actinium, Aegis Combat System, Aeschynite-(Y), Aesthetics, Alkaline earth metal, Allophycocyanin, Aluminium chloride, AN/SPY-1, Arleigh Burke-class destroyer, Astatine, Atomic number, Atomic orbital, Barium, Bastnäsite, Biology, Block (periodic table), Bohr magneton, Boron carbide, Calcium carbide, Calcium fluoride, Carbanion, Cascade (chemical engineering), Catalysis, Cathode ray tube, Ceric ammonium nitrate, Cerite, Cerium, Cerium hexaboride, Cerium(III) bromide, Cerium(III) chloride, Cerium(IV) oxide, Charge-transfer complex, Chelation, Chemical element, Cluster chemistry, Cofactor (biochemistry), Coordination complex, Coordination geometry, Copenhagen, Countercurrent exchange, Covalent bond, Cryptand, Crystal field theory, Cubic centimetre, Cyclopentadienyl complex, Denticity, DOTA (chelator), Dysprosium, Effective nuclear charge, ..., Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Electride, Electron configuration, Electron shell, Erbium, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Europium, Europium(III) chloride, Euxenite, Fajans' rules, Förster resonance energy transfer, Feldspar, Fergusonite, Ferromagnetism, Florencite-(Sm), Fluid catalytic cracking, Fluorescein, Fluorescence, Fluxional molecule, Fractional crystallization (chemistry), Francium, Gadolinite, Gadolinium, Gadolinium oxysulfide, Garnet, Gas tungsten arc welding, Gold, Group (periodic table), Group 3 element, Group 4 element, Group 5 element, Hafnium, Half-metal, HeLa, Heterogeneous catalysis, Holmium, Holmium(III) oxide, Homogeneous catalysis, HSAB theory, Hybrid vehicle, Infrared, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Iodine, Ion, Ion chromatography, Ionic bonding, Ionic radius, Kondo insulator, Lanthanide contraction, Lanthanide probes, Lanthanite, Lanthanum, Lanthanum hexaboride, Lanthanum oxide, Lanthanum(III) bromide, Lanthanum(III) chloride, Laporte rule, Laser, Lattice energy, Lawrencium, Lead(II) chloride, Ligand, Liquid–liquid extraction, Loparite-(Ce), Luche reduction, Lunar soil, Lutetium, Magnetic resonance imaging, Magnetic susceptibility, Magnetochemistry, Magnetoresistance, Metal, Methanol dehydrogenase, Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum, Microsecond, Millisecond, Mineral (nutrient), Mischmetal, Mole (unit), Molecular symmetry, Molybdenum disulfide, Monazite, Monochromator, MRI contrast agent, Native element minerals, Nd:YAG laser, Neodymium, Neodymium(III) chloride, Night vision device, Niobium, Non-stoichiometric compound, Nuclear space, Oddo–Harkins rule, Optoelectronics, Organometallic chemistry, Oxidation state, Oxide, Perchloric acid, Periodic table, Perovskite, Phycoerythrin, Picometre, Polycrase, Population inversion, Praseodymium, Praseodymium(III) chloride, Promethium, Promethium(III) chloride, Radium, Rangefinder, Rare-earth element, Rare-earth magnet, Redox, Rhodamine, Rutherfordium, Samarium, Samarium(II) iodide, Samarium(III) chloride, Samarium(III) fluoride, Samarskite-(Y), Scandinavia, Scandium, Scanning electron microscope, Scintillator, Sigma bond, Sodium hydroxide, Solubility, Spin–orbit interaction, Spintronics, Stability constants of complexes, Steric effects, Steven Chu, Stokes shift, Strontium bromide, Strontium iodide, Superconductivity, Synthetic element, Tantalum, Television, Terbium, Thorium, Thule, Thulium, Time-resolved spectroscopy, Titanium, Transition metal, Transmetalation, Tributyl phosphate, Trivial name, Tungsten, Ultraviolet, United States Department of Energy, Uranocene, Valence electron, Vanadium, Verrucomicrobia, Vibronic coupling, Victor Goldschmidt, Wavelength, Woodward–Hoffmann rules, Xenon, Xenotime, Ytterbium, Ytterby, Yttrium, Yttrium iron garnet, Yttrium(III) oxide, Yttrocerite, Zirconium. Expand index (169 more) »
Actinide
The actinide or actinoid (IUPAC nomenclature) series encompasses the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers from 89 to 103, actinium through lawrencium.
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Actinium
Actinium is a chemical element with symbol Ac and atomic number 89.
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Aegis Combat System
The Aegis Combat System is an American integrated naval weapons system developed by the Missile and Surface Radar Division of RCA, and now produced by Lockheed Martin.
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Aeschynite-(Y)
Aeschynite-(Y) (or Aeschinite-(Y), Aeschynite-(Yt), Blomstrandine, Priorite) is a rare earth mineral of yttrium, calcium, iron, thorium, titanium, niobium, oxygen, and hydrogen with formula: (Y,Ca,Fe,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6.
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Aesthetics
Aesthetics (also spelled esthetics) is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of art, beauty, and taste, with the creation and appreciation of beauty.
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Alkaline earth metal
The alkaline earth metals are six chemical elements in group 2 of the periodic table.
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Allophycocyanin
Allophycocyanin (from Greek: ἄλλος (allos) meaning "other", φύκος (phykos) meaning “alga”, and κυανός (kyanos) meaning "blue") is a protein from the light-harvesting phycobiliprotein family, along with phycocyanin, phycoerythrin and phycoerythrocyanin.
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Aluminium chloride
Aluminium chloride (AlCl3) is the main compound of aluminium and chlorine.
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AN/SPY-1
The AN/SPY-1 is a US naval 3D radar system manufactured by Lockheed Martin.
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Arleigh Burke-class destroyer
The Arleigh Burke class of guided missile destroyers (DDGs) is the United States Navy's first class of destroyer built around the Aegis Combat System and the SPY-1D multifunction passive electronically scanned array radar.
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Astatine
Astatine is a radioactive chemical element with symbol At and atomic number 85.
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Atomic number
The atomic number or proton number (symbol Z) of a chemical element is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom.
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Atomic orbital
In quantum mechanics, an atomic orbital is a mathematical function that describes the wave-like behavior of either one electron or a pair of electrons in an atom.
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Barium
Barium is a chemical element with symbol Ba and atomic number 56.
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Bastnäsite
The mineral bastnäsite (or bastnaesite) is one of a family of three carbonate-fluoride minerals, which includes bastnäsite-(Ce) with a formula of (Ce, La)CO3F, bastnäsite-(La) with a formula of (La, Ce)CO3F, and bastnäsite-(Y) with a formula of (Y, Ce)CO3F.
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Biology
Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical composition, function, development and evolution.
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Block (periodic table)
A block of the periodic table of elements is a set of adjacent groups.
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Bohr magneton
In atomic physics, the Bohr magneton (symbol μB) is a physical constant and the natural unit for expressing the magnetic moment of an electron caused by either its orbital or spin angular momentum.
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Boron carbide
Boron carbide (chemical formula approximately B4C) is an extremely hard boron–carbon ceramic, and covalent material used in tank armor, bulletproof vests, engine sabotage powders, as well as numerous industrial applications.
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Calcium carbide
Calcium carbide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula of CaC2.
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Calcium fluoride
Calcium fluoride is the inorganic compound of the elements calcium and fluorine with the formula CaF2.
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Carbanion
A carbanion is an anion in which carbon is threevalent (forms three bonds) and bears a formal negative charge in at least one significant mesomeric contributor (resonance form).
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Cascade (chemical engineering)
In chemical engineering, a cascade is a plant consisting of several similar stages with each processing the output from the previous stage.
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Catalysis
Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalysthttp://goldbook.iupac.org/C00876.html, which is not consumed in the catalyzed reaction and can continue to act repeatedly.
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Cathode ray tube
The cathode ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube that contains one or more electron guns and a phosphorescent screen, and is used to display images.
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Ceric ammonium nitrate
Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) is the inorganic compound with the formula (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6.
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Cerite
Cerite is a complex silicate mineral group containing cerium, formula (Ce,La,Ca)9(Mg,Fe+3)(SiO4)6(SiO3OH)(OH)3.
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Cerium
Cerium is a chemical element with symbol Ce and atomic number 58.
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Cerium hexaboride
Cerium hexaboride (CeB6, also called cerium boride, CeBix, CEBIX, and (incorrectly) CeB) is an inorganic chemical, a boride of cerium.
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Cerium(III) bromide
Cerium(III) bromide is an inorganic compound with the formula CeBr3.
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Cerium(III) chloride
Cerium(III) chloride (CeCl3), also known as cerous chloride or cerium trichloride, is a compound of cerium and chlorine.
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Cerium(IV) oxide
Cerium(IV) oxide, also known as ceric oxide, ceric dioxide, ceria, cerium oxide or cerium dioxide, is an oxide of the rare-earth metal cerium.
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Charge-transfer complex
A charge-transfer complex (CT complex) or electron-donor-acceptor complex is an association of two or more molecules, or of different parts of one large molecule, in which a fraction of electronic charge is transferred between the molecular entities.
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Chelation
Chelation is a type of bonding of ions and molecules to metal ions.
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Chemical element
A chemical element is a species of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei (that is, the same atomic number, or Z).
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Cluster chemistry
In chemistry, a cluster is an ensemble of bound atoms or molecules that is intermediate in size between a molecule and a bulk solid.
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Cofactor (biochemistry)
A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is required for an enzyme's activity.
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Coordination complex
In chemistry, a coordination complex consists of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents.
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Coordination geometry
The term coordination geometry is used in a number of related fields of chemistry and solid state chemistry/physics.
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Copenhagen
Copenhagen (København; Hafnia) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark.
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Countercurrent exchange
Countercurrent exchange is a mechanism occurring in nature and mimicked in industry and engineering, in which there is a crossover of some property, usually heat or some component, between two flowing bodies flowing in opposite directions to each other.
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Covalent bond
A covalent bond, also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
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Cryptand
Cryptands are a family of synthetic bi- and polycyclic multidentate ligands for a variety of cations.
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Crystal field theory
Crystal Field Theory (CFT) is a model that describes the breaking of degeneracies of electron orbital states, usually d or f orbitals, due to a static electric field produced by a surrounding charge distribution (anion neighbors).
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Cubic centimetre
A cubic centimetre (or cubic centimeter in US English) (SI unit symbol: cm3; non-SI abbreviations: cc and ccm) is a commonly used unit of volume that extends the derived SI-unit cubic metre, and corresponds to the volume of a cube that measures 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm.
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Cyclopentadienyl complex
A cyclopentadienyl complex is a metal complex with one or more cyclopentadienyl groups (abbreviated as Cp−).
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Denticity
Denticity refers to the number of donor groups in a single ligand that bind to a central atom in a coordination complex.
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DOTA (chelator)
DOTA (also known as tetraxetan) is an organic compound with the formula (CH2CH2NCH2CO2H)4.
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Dysprosium
Dysprosium is a chemical element with symbol Dy and atomic number 66.
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Effective nuclear charge
The effective nuclear charge (often symbolized as Z_ or Z^\ast) is the net positive charge experienced by an electron in a polyelectronic atom.
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Electrical resistivity and conductivity
Electrical resistivity (also known as resistivity, specific electrical resistance, or volume resistivity) is a fundamental property that quantifies how strongly a given material opposes the flow of electric current.
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Electride
An electride is a ionic compound in which an electron is the anion.
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Electron configuration
In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals.
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Electron shell
In chemistry and atomic physics, an electron shell, or a principal energy level, may be thought of as an orbit followed by electrons around an atom's nucleus.
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Erbium
Erbium is a chemical element with symbol Er and atomic number 68.
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Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), also known by several other names, is a chemical originating in multiseasonal plants with dormancy stages as a lipidopreservative which helps to develop the stem, currently used for both industrial and medical purposes.
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Europium
Europium is a chemical element with symbol Eu and atomic number 63.
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Europium(III) chloride
Europium(III) chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula EuCl3.
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Euxenite
Euxenite or euxenite-(Y) (a correct mineralogical name) is a brownish black mineral with a metallic luster.
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Fajans' rules
In inorganic chemistry, Fajans' rules, formulated by Kazimierz Fajans in 1923, are used to predict whether a chemical bond will be covalent or ionic, and depend on the charge on the cation and the relative sizes of the cation and anion.
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Förster resonance energy transfer
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), resonance energy transfer (RET) or electronic energy transfer (EET) is a mechanism describing energy transfer between two light-sensitive molecules (chromophores).
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Feldspar
Feldspars (KAlSi3O8 – NaAlSi3O8 – CaAl2Si2O8) are a group of rock-forming tectosilicate minerals that make up about 41% of the Earth's continental crust by weight.
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Fergusonite
Fergusonite is a mineral comprising a complex oxide of various rare-earth elements.
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Ferromagnetism
Ferromagnetism is the basic mechanism by which certain materials (such as iron) form permanent magnets, or are attracted to magnets.
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Florencite-(Sm)
Florencite-(Sm) is a very rare mineral of the plumbogummite group (alunite supergroup) with simplified formula SmAl3(PO4)2(OH)6.
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Fluid catalytic cracking
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is one of the most important conversion processes used in petroleum refineries.
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Fluorescein
Fluorescein is a manufactured organic compound and dye.
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Fluorescence
Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation.
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Fluxional molecule
Fluxional molecules are molecules that undergo dynamics such that some or all of their atoms interchange between symmetry-equivalent positions.
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Fractional crystallization (chemistry)
In chemistry, fractional crystallization is a method of refining substances based on differences in solubility.
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Francium
Francium is a chemical element with symbol Fr and atomic number 87.
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Gadolinite
Gadolinite, sometimes known as ytterbite, is a silicate mineral consisting principally of the silicates of cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, yttrium, beryllium, and iron with the formula (Ce,La,Nd,Y)2FeBe2Si2O10.
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Gadolinium
Gadolinium is a chemical element with symbol Gd and atomic number 64.
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Gadolinium oxysulfide
Gadolinium oxysulfide (Gd2O2S), also called gadolinium sulfoxylate, GOS or Gadox, is an inorganic compound, a mixed oxide-sulfide of gadolinium.
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Garnet
Garnets are a group of silicate minerals that have been used since the Bronze Age as gemstones and abrasives.
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Gas tungsten arc welding
Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), also known as tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, is an arc welding process that uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode to produce the weld.
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Gold
Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from aurum) and atomic number 79, making it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally.
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Group (periodic table)
In chemistry, a group (also known as a family) is a column of elements in the periodic table of the chemical elements.
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Group 3 element
Group 3 is a group of elements in the periodic table.
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Group 4 element
Group 4 is a group of elements in the periodic table.
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Group 5 element
Group 5 (by IUPAC style) is a group of elements in the periodic table.
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Hafnium
Hafnium is a chemical element with symbol Hf and atomic number 72.
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Half-metal
A half-metal is any substance that acts as a conductor to electrons of one spin orientation, but as an insulator or semiconductor to those of the opposite orientation.
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HeLa
HeLa (also Hela or hela) is a cell type in an immortal cell line used in scientific research.
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Heterogeneous catalysis
In chemistry, heterogeneous catalysis refers to the form of catalysis where the phase of the catalyst differs from that of the reactants.
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Holmium
Holmium is a chemical element with symbol Ho and atomic number 67.
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Holmium(III) oxide
Holmium(III) oxide, or holmium oxide is a chemical compound of a rare-earth element holmium and oxygen with the formula Ho2O3.
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Homogeneous catalysis
In chemistry, homogeneous catalysis is catalysis in a solution by a soluble catalyst.
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HSAB theory
HSAB concept is an initialism for "hard and soft (Lewis) acids and bases".
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Hybrid vehicle
A hybrid vehicle uses two or more distinct types of power, such as internal combustion engine to drive an electric generator that powers an electric motor, e.g. in diesel-electric trains using diesel engines to drive an electric generator that powers an electric motor, and submarines that use diesels when surfaced and batteries when submerged.
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Infrared
Infrared radiation (IR) is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with longer wavelengths than those of visible light, and is therefore generally invisible to the human eye (although IR at wavelengths up to 1050 nm from specially pulsed lasers can be seen by humans under certain conditions). It is sometimes called infrared light.
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International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is an international federation of National Adhering Organizations that represents chemists in individual countries.
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Iodine
Iodine is a chemical element with symbol I and atomic number 53.
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Ion
An ion is an atom or molecule that has a non-zero net electrical charge (its total number of electrons is not equal to its total number of protons).
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Ion chromatography
Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a chromatography process that separates ions and polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger.
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Ionic bonding
Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, and is the primary interaction occurring in ionic compounds.
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Ionic radius
Ionic radius, rion, is the radius of an atom's ion in ionic crystals structure.
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Kondo insulator
In solid-state physics, Kondo insulators (also referred as Kondo semiconductors and heavy fermion semiconductors) are understood as materials with strongly correlated electrons, that open up a narrow band gap (in the order of 10 meV) at low temperatures with the chemical potential lying in the gap, whereas in heavy fermions the chemical potential is located in the conduction band.
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Lanthanide contraction
The lanthanide contraction is the greater-than-expected decrease in ionic radii of the elements in the lanthanide series from atomic number 57, lanthanum, to 71, lutetium, which results in smaller than otherwise expected ionic radii for the subsequent elements starting with 72, hafnium.
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Lanthanide probes
Lanthanide probes are a non-invasive analytical tool commonly used for biological and chemical applications.
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Lanthanite
Lanthanites are a group of isostructural rare earth element (REE) carbonate minerals.
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Lanthanum
Lanthanum is a chemical element with symbol La and atomic number 57.
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Lanthanum hexaboride
Lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6, also called lanthanum boride and LaB) is an inorganic chemical, a boride of lanthanum.
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Lanthanum oxide
Lanthanum oxide is La2O3, an inorganic compound containing the rare earth element lanthanum and oxygen.
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Lanthanum(III) bromide
Lanthanum(III) bromide (LaBr3) is an inorganic halide salt of lanthanum.
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Lanthanum(III) chloride
Lanthanum chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula LaCl3.
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Laporte rule
The Laporte rule is a spectroscopic selection rule that only applies to centrosymmetric molecules (those with an inversion centre) and atoms.
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Laser
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation.
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Lattice energy
The lattice energy of a crystalline solid is often defined as the energy of formation of a crystal from infinitely-separated ions and as such is invariably negative.
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Lawrencium
Lawrencium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Lr (formerly Lw) and atomic number 103.
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Lead(II) chloride
Lead(II) chloride (PbCl2) is an inorganic compound which is a white solid under ambient conditions.
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Ligand
In coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule (functional group) that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex.
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Liquid–liquid extraction
Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds or metal complexes, based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water (polar) and an organic solvent (non-polar).
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Loparite-(Ce)
Loparite-(Ce) is a granular, brittle oxide mineral of the perovskite class.
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Luche reduction
Luche reduction is the selective organic reduction of α,β-unsaturated ketones to allylic alcohols with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and lanthanide chlorides, mainly cerium(III) chloride (CeCl3), in methanol or ethanol.
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Lunar soil
Lunar soil is the fine fraction of the regolith found on the surface of the Moon.
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Lutetium
Lutetium is a chemical element with symbol Lu and atomic number 71.
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Magnetic resonance imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body in both health and disease.
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Magnetic susceptibility
In electromagnetism, the magnetic susceptibility (Latin: susceptibilis, "receptive"; denoted) is one measure of the magnetic properties of a material.
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Magnetochemistry
Magnetochemistry is concerned with the magnetic properties of chemical compounds.
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Magnetoresistance
Magnetoresistance is the tendency of a material (preferably ferromagnetic) to change the value of its electrical resistance in an externally-applied magnetic field.
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Metal
A metal (from Greek μέταλλον métallon, "mine, quarry, metal") is a material (an element, compound, or alloy) that is typically hard when in solid state, opaque, shiny, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity.
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Methanol dehydrogenase
In enzymology, a methanol dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyses the chemical reaction: How the electrons are captured and transported depends upon the kind of methanol dehydrogenase and there are two main types.
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Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum
Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum is an autotrophic bacteria first described in 2007 growing on volcanic pools near Naples, Italy.
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Microsecond
A microsecond is an SI unit of time equal to one millionth (0.000001 or 10−6 or 1/1,000,000) of a second.
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Millisecond
A millisecond (from milli- and second; symbol: ms) is a thousandth (0.001 or 10−3 or 1/1000) of a second.
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Mineral (nutrient)
In the context of nutrition, a mineral is a chemical element required as an essential nutrient by organisms to perform functions necessary for life.
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Mischmetal
Mischmetal (from Mischmetall – "mixed metal") is an alloy of rare-earth elements.
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Mole (unit)
The mole, symbol mol, is the SI unit of amount of substance.
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Molecular symmetry
Molecular symmetry in chemistry describes the symmetry present in molecules and the classification of molecules according to their symmetry.
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Molybdenum disulfide
Molybdenum disulfide is an inorganic compound composed of molybdenum and sulfur.
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Monazite
Monazite is a reddish-brown phosphate mineral containing rare-earth metals.
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Monochromator
A monochromator is an optical device that transmits a mechanically selectable narrow band of wavelengths of light or other radiation chosen from a wider range of wavelengths available at the input.
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MRI contrast agent
MRI contrast agents are contrast agents used to improve the visibility of internal body structures in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
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Native element minerals
Native element minerals are those elements that occur in nature in uncombined form with a distinct mineral structure.
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Nd:YAG laser
Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet; Nd:Y3Al5O12) is a crystal that is used as a lasing medium for solid-state lasers.
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Neodymium
Neodymium is a chemical element with symbol Nd and atomic number 60.
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Neodymium(III) chloride
Neodymium(III) chloride or neodymium trichloride is a chemical compound of neodymium and chlorine with the formula NdCl3.
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Night vision device
A night vision device (NVD), also known as night optical/observation device (NOD) and night vision goggles (NVG), is an optoelectronic device that allows images to be produced in levels of light approaching total darkness.
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Niobium
Niobium, formerly known as columbium, is a chemical element with symbol Nb (formerly Cb) and atomic number 41.
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Non-stoichiometric compound
Non-stoichiometric compounds are chemical compounds, almost always solid inorganic compounds, having elemental composition whose proportions cannot be represented by integers; most often, in such materials, some small percentage of atoms are missing or too many atoms are packed into an otherwise perfect lattice work.
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Nuclear space
In mathematics, a nuclear space is a topological vector space with many of the good properties of finite-dimensional vector spaces.
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Oddo–Harkins rule
The Oddo–Harkins rule holds that an element with an even atomic number (such as carbon: element 6) is more abundant than both elements with the adjacently smaller and larger odd atomic numbers (such as boron: element 5 and nitrogen: element 7, respectively for the carbon).
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Optoelectronics
Optoelectronics is the study and application of electronic devices and systems that source, detect and control light, usually considered a sub-field of photonics.
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Organometallic chemistry
Organometallic chemistry is the study of organometallic compounds, chemical compounds containing at least one chemical bond between a carbon atom of an organic molecule and a metal, including alkaline, alkaline earth, and transition metals, and sometimes broadened to include metalloids like boron, silicon, and tin, as well.
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Oxidation state
The oxidation state, sometimes referred to as oxidation number, describes degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of an atom in a chemical compound.
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Oxide
An oxide is a chemical compound that contains at least one oxygen atom and one other element in its chemical formula.
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Perchloric acid
Perchloric acid is a mineral acid with the formula HClO4.
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Periodic table
The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, ordered by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties, whose structure shows periodic trends.
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Perovskite
Perovskite (pronunciation) is a calcium titanium oxide mineral composed of calcium titanate (Ca Ti O3).
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Phycoerythrin
Phycoerythrin (PE) is a red protein-pigment complex from the light-harvesting phycobiliprotein family, present in red algae and cryptophytes, accessory to the main chlorophyll pigments responsible for photosynthesis.
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Picometre
The picometre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: pm) or picometer (American spelling) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to, or one trillionth of a metre, which is the SI base unit of length.
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Polycrase
Polycrase or polycrase-(Y) is a black or brown metallic complex uranium yttrium oxide mineral with formula: (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Ti,Nb,Ta)2O6.
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Population inversion
In science, specifically statistical mechanics, a population inversion occurs while a system (such as a group of atoms or molecules) exists in a state in which more members of the system are in higher, excited states than in lower, unexcited energy states.
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Praseodymium
Praseodymium is a chemical element with symbol Pr and atomic number 59.
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Praseodymium(III) chloride
Praseodymium(III) chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula PrCl3.
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Promethium
Promethium is a chemical element with symbol Pm and atomic number 61.
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Promethium(III) chloride
Promethium(III) chloride is a chemical compound of promethium and chlorine with the formula PmCl3.
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Radium
Radium is a chemical element with symbol Ra and atomic number 88.
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Rangefinder
A rangefinder is a device that measures distance from the observer to a target, in a process called ranging.
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Rare-earth element
A rare-earth element (REE) or rare-earth metal (REM), as defined by IUPAC, is one of a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, specifically the fifteen lanthanides, as well as scandium and yttrium.
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Rare-earth magnet
Rare-earth magnets are strong permanent magnets made from alloys of rare-earth elements.
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Redox
Redox (short for reduction–oxidation reaction) (pronunciation: or) is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed.
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Rhodamine
Rhodamine is a family of related chemical compounds, fluorone dyes.
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Rutherfordium
Rutherfordium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Rf and atomic number 104, named after physicist Ernest Rutherford.
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Samarium
Samarium is a chemical element with symbol Sm and atomic number 62.
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Samarium(II) iodide
Samarium(II) iodide (SmI2, also known as "Kagan's reagent") is a green solid composed of samarium and iodine, with a melting point of 520 °C where the samarium atom has a coordination number of seven in a capped octahedral configuration.
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Samarium(III) chloride
Samarium(III) chloride, also known as samarium trichloride, is an inorganic compound of samarium and chloride.
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Samarium(III) fluoride
Samarium(III) fluoride (SmF3) is a slightly hygroscopic solid fluoride.
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Samarskite-(Y)
Samarskite is a radioactive rare earth mineral series which includes samarskite-(Y) with formula: (YFe3+Fe2+U,Th,Ca)2(Nb,Ta)2O8 and samarskite-(Yb) with formula (YbFe3+)2(Nb,Ta)2O8.
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Scandinavia
Scandinavia is a region in Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural and linguistic ties.
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Scandium
Scandium is a chemical element with symbol Sc and atomic number 21.
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Scanning electron microscope
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons.
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Scintillator
A scintillator is a material that exhibits scintillation—the property of luminescence, when excited by ionizing radiation.
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Sigma bond
In chemistry, sigma bonds (σ bonds) are the strongest type of covalent chemical bond.
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Sodium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations and hydroxide anions. Sodium hydroxide is a highly caustic base and alkali that decomposes proteins at ordinary ambient temperatures and may cause severe chemical burns. It is highly soluble in water, and readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from the air. It forms a series of hydrates NaOH·n. The monohydrate NaOH· crystallizes from water solutions between 12.3 and 61.8 °C. The commercially available "sodium hydroxide" is often this monohydrate, and published data may refer to it instead of the anhydrous compound. As one of the simplest hydroxides, it is frequently utilized alongside neutral water and acidic hydrochloric acid to demonstrate the pH scale to chemistry students. Sodium hydroxide is used in many industries: in the manufacture of pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water, soaps and detergents, and as a drain cleaner. Worldwide production in 2004 was approximately 60 million tonnes, while demand was 51 million tonnes.
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Solubility
Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid or gaseous chemical substance called solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid or gaseous solvent.
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Spin–orbit interaction
In quantum physics, the spin–orbit interaction (also called spin–orbit effect or spin–orbit coupling) is a relativistic interaction of a particle's spin with its motion inside a potential.
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Spintronics
Spintronics (a portmanteau meaning spin transport electronics), also known as spin electronics, is the study of the intrinsic spin of the electron and its associated magnetic moment, in addition to its fundamental electronic charge, in solid-state devices.
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Stability constants of complexes
A stability constant (formation constant, binding constant) is an equilibrium constant for the formation of a complex in solution.
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Steric effects
Steric effects are nonbonding interactions that influence the shape (conformation) and reactivity of ions and molecules.
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Steven Chu
Steven Chu in atomic physics and laser spectroscopy, including the first observation of parity non-conservation in atoms, excitation and precision spectroscopy of positronium, and the optical confinement and cooling of atoms.
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Stokes shift
Stokes shift is the difference (in wavelength or frequency units) between positions of the band maxima of the absorption and emission spectra (fluorescence and Raman being two examples) of the same electronic transition.
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Strontium bromide
Strontium bromide is a chemical compound with a formula SrBr2.
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Strontium iodide
Strontium iodide (SrI2) is a salt of strontium and iodine.
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Superconductivity
Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance and expulsion of magnetic flux fields occurring in certain materials, called superconductors, when cooled below a characteristic critical temperature.
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Synthetic element
In chemistry, a synthetic element is a chemical element that does not occur naturally on Earth, and can only be created artificially.
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Tantalum
Tantalum is a chemical element with symbol Ta and atomic number 73.
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Television
Television (TV) is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome (black and white), or in colour, and in two or three dimensions and sound.
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Terbium
Terbium is a chemical element with symbol Tb and atomic number 65.
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Thorium
Thorium is a weakly radioactive metallic chemical element with symbol Th and atomic number 90.
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Thule
Thule (Θούλη, Thoúlē; Thule, Tile) was the place located furthest north, which was mentioned in ancient Greek and Roman literature and cartography.
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Thulium
Thulium is a chemical element with symbol Tm and atomic number 69.
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Time-resolved spectroscopy
In physics and physical chemistry, time-resolved spectroscopy is the study of dynamic processes in materials or chemical compounds by means of spectroscopic techniques.
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Titanium
Titanium is a chemical element with symbol Ti and atomic number 22.
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Transition metal
In chemistry, the term transition metal (or transition element) has three possible meanings.
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Transmetalation
Transmetalation (alt. spelling: transmetallation) is a type of organometallic reaction that involves the transfer of ligands from one metal to another.
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Tributyl phosphate
Tributyl phosphate, known commonly as TBP, is an organophosphorus compound with the chemical formula (CH3CH2CH2CH2O)3PO.
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Trivial name
In chemistry, a trivial name is a nonsystematic name for a chemical substance.
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Tungsten
Tungsten, or wolfram, is a chemical element with symbol W (referring to wolfram) and atomic number 74.
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Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.
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United States Department of Energy
The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is a cabinet-level department of the United States Government concerned with the United States' policies regarding energy and safety in handling nuclear material.
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Uranocene
Uranocene, U(C8H8)2, is an organouranium compound composed of a uranium atom sandwiched between two cyclooctatetraenide rings.
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Valence electron
In chemistry, a valence electron is an outer shell electron that is associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond if the outer shell is not closed; in a single covalent bond, both atoms in the bond contribute one valence electron in order to form a shared pair.
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Vanadium
Vanadium is a chemical element with symbol V and atomic number 23.
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Verrucomicrobia
Verrucomicrobia is a phylum of bacteria.
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Vibronic coupling
Vibronic coupling (also called nonadiabatic coupling or derivative coupling) in a molecule involves the interaction between electronic and nuclear vibrational motion.
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Victor Goldschmidt
Victor Moritz Goldschmidt (Zürich, January 27, 1888 – March 20, 1947, Oslo) was a Norwegian mineralogist considered (together with Vladimir Vernadsky) to be the founder of modern geochemistry and crystal chemistry, developer of the Goldschmidt Classification of elements.
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Wavelength
In physics, the wavelength is the spatial period of a periodic wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats.
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Woodward–Hoffmann rules
The Woodward–Hoffmann rules (or the pericyclic selection rules), devised by Robert Burns Woodward and Roald Hoffmann, are a set of rules used to rationalize or predict certain aspects of the stereochemical outcome and activation energy of pericyclic reactions, an important class of reactions in organic chemistry.
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Xenon
Xenon is a chemical element with symbol Xe and atomic number 54.
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Xenotime
Xenotime is a rare-earth phosphate mineral, the major component of which is yttrium orthophosphate (YPO4).
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Ytterbium
Ytterbium is a chemical element with symbol Yb and atomic number 70.
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Ytterby
Ytterby is a village on the Swedish island of Resarö, in Vaxholm Municipality in the Stockholm archipelago.
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Yttrium
Yttrium is a chemical element with symbol Y and atomic number 39.
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Yttrium iron garnet
Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) is a kind of synthetic garnet, with chemical composition 32(Fe4)3, or Y3Fe5O12.
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Yttrium(III) oxide
Yttrium oxide, also known as yttria, is Y2O3.
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Yttrocerite
Yttrocerite is a variety of the mineral fluorite with a chemical formula CaF2+(Y,Ce)F3.
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Zirconium
Zirconium is a chemical element with symbol Zr and atomic number 40.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanide
