Table of Contents
598 relations: A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, ABC-Clio, Abd El-Razzak El-Sanhuri, Abolition of feudalism in France, Abolitionism, Absolute monarchy, Adam, Adam Smith, Administration of justice, Age of Enlightenment, Aggregate demand, Aggregate supply, Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed, Alan Bullock, Alan Ryan, Alan Wolfe, Alexis de Tocqueville, Alister McGrath, Allies of World War I, Allies of World War II, Alphonse de Lamartine, Amable Guillaume Prosper Brugière, baron de Barante, American Civil War, American Revolution, American Revolutionary War, An Essay on the Principle of Population, Anarcho-capitalism, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Arab nationalism, Areopagitica, Aristocracy (class), Aristotle, Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., Articles of Confederation, Ashgate Publishing, Auberon Herbert, August Wilhelm Schlegel, Austerity, Austrian school of economics, Authoritarianism, Autocracy, İbrahim Şinasi, Balanced budget, Baruch Spinoza, Belief, Benjamin Constant, Benjamin Tucker, Berghahn Books, Bible, ... Expand index (548 more) »
- History of political thought
- Human rights concepts
- Individualism
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects (1792), written by British philosopher and women's rights advocate Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–1797), is one of the earliest works of feminist philosophy.
See Liberalism and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
ABC-Clio
ABC-Clio, LLC (stylized ABC-CLIO) is an American publishing company for academic reference works and periodicals primarily on topics such as history and social sciences for educational and public library settings.
Abd El-Razzak El-Sanhuri
Abd el-Razzak el-Sanhuri or ‘Abd al-Razzāq al-Sanhūrī (عبد الرزاق السنهوري) (11 August 1895 – 21 July 1971) was an Egyptian jurist, law professor, judge and politician.
See Liberalism and Abd El-Razzak El-Sanhuri
Abolition of feudalism in France
One of the central events of the French Revolution was the abolition of feudalism, and the old rules, taxes, and privileges left over from the ancien régime.
See Liberalism and Abolition of feudalism in France
Abolitionism
Abolitionism, or the abolitionist movement, is the movement to end slavery and liberate slaves around the world.
See Liberalism and Abolitionism
Absolute monarchy
Absolute monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the sovereign is the sole source of political power, unconstrained by constitutions, legislatures or other checks on their authority.
See Liberalism and Absolute monarchy
Adam
Adam is the name given in Genesis 1–5 to the first human.
Adam Smith
Adam Smith (baptised 1723 – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish economist and philosopher who was a pioneer in the thinking of political economy and key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment.
Administration of justice
The administration of justice is the process by which the legal system of a government is executed.
See Liberalism and Administration of justice
Age of Enlightenment
The Age of Enlightenment (also the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment) was the intellectual and philosophical movement that occurred in Europe in the 17th and the 18th centuries.
See Liberalism and Age of Enlightenment
Aggregate demand
In economics, aggregate demand (AD) or domestic final demand (DFD) is the total demand for final goods and services in an economy at a given time.
See Liberalism and Aggregate demand
Aggregate supply
In economics, aggregate supply (AS) or domestic final supply (DFS) is the total supply of goods and services that firms in a national economy plan on selling during a specific time period.
See Liberalism and Aggregate supply
Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed
Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed or Aḥmad Luṭfī Sayyid Pasha (15 January 1872 – 5 March 1963) was a prominent Egyptian nationalist, intellectual, anti-colonial activist and the first president of Cairo University.
See Liberalism and Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed
Alan Bullock
Alan Louis Charles Bullock, Baron Bullock, (13 December 1914 – 2 February 2004) was a British historian.
See Liberalism and Alan Bullock
Alan Ryan
Alan James Ryan (born 9 May 1940) is a British philosopher.
Alan Wolfe
Alan Wolfe (born 1942) is an American political scientist and a sociologist on the faculty of Boston College who serves as director of the Boisi Center for Religion and American Public Life.
Alexis de Tocqueville
Alexis Charles Henri Clérel, comte de Tocqueville (29 July 180516 April 1859), was a French aristocrat, diplomat, sociologist, political scientist, political philosopher, and historian.
See Liberalism and Alexis de Tocqueville
Alister McGrath
Alister Edgar McGrath (born 1953) is a Northern Irish theologian, Anglican priest, intellectual historian, scientist, Christian apologist, and public intellectual.
See Liberalism and Alister McGrath
Allies of World War I
The Allies, the Entente or the Triple Entente was an international military coalition of countries led by France, the United Kingdom, Russia, the United States, Italy, and Japan against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria in World War I (1914–1918).
See Liberalism and Allies of World War I
Allies of World War II
The Allies, formally referred to as the United Nations from 1942, were an international military coalition formed during World War II (1939–1945) to oppose the Axis powers.
See Liberalism and Allies of World War II
Alphonse de Lamartine
Alphonse Marie Louis de Prat de Lamartine (21 October 179028 February 1869) was a French author, poet, and statesman who was instrumental in the foundation of the French Second Republic and the continuation of the tricolore as the flag of France.
See Liberalism and Alphonse de Lamartine
Amable Guillaume Prosper Brugière, baron de Barante
Amable Guillaume Prosper Brugière, baron de Barante (June 10, 1782November 22, 1866) was a French statesman and historian.
See Liberalism and Amable Guillaume Prosper Brugière, baron de Barante
American Civil War
The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), which was formed in 1861 by states that had seceded from the Union.
See Liberalism and American Civil War
American Revolution
The American Revolution was a rebellion and political movement in the Thirteen Colonies which peaked when colonists initiated an ultimately successful war for independence against the Kingdom of Great Britain.
See Liberalism and American Revolution
American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a military conflict that was part of the broader American Revolution, in which American Patriot forces organized as the Continental Army and commanded by George Washington defeated the British Army.
See Liberalism and American Revolutionary War
An Essay on the Principle of Population
The book An Essay on the Principle of Population was first published anonymously in 1798, but the author was soon identified as Thomas Robert Malthus.
See Liberalism and An Essay on the Principle of Population
Anarcho-capitalism
Anarcho-capitalism (colloquially: ancap or an-cap) is an anti-statist, libertarian political philosophy and economic theory that seeks to abolish centralized states in favor of stateless societies with systems of private property enforced by private agencies, based on concepts such as the non-aggression principle, free markets and self-ownership.
See Liberalism and Anarcho-capitalism
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece (Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity, that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories.
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Ancient Rome
In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.
See Liberalism and Ancient Rome
Arab nationalism
Arab nationalism (al-qawmīya al-ʿarabīya) is a political ideology asserting that Arabs constitute a single nation.
See Liberalism and Arab nationalism
Areopagitica
Areopagitica; A speech of Mr.
See Liberalism and Areopagitica
Aristocracy (class)
The aristocracy is historically associated with a "hereditary" or a "ruling" social class.
See Liberalism and Aristocracy (class)
Aristotle
Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath.
Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
Arthur Meier Schlesinger Jr. (born Arthur Bancroft Schlesinger; October 15, 1917 – February 28, 2007) was an American historian, social critic, and public intellectual.
See Liberalism and Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union was an agreement among the 13 states of the United States, formerly the Thirteen Colonies, that served as the nation's first frame of government.
See Liberalism and Articles of Confederation
Ashgate Publishing
Ashgate Publishing was an academic book and journal publisher based in Farnham (Surrey, United Kingdom).
See Liberalism and Ashgate Publishing
Auberon Herbert
Auberon Edward William Molyneux Herbert (18 June 1838 – 5 November 1906) was a British writer, theorist, philosopher, and 19th century individualist.
See Liberalism and Auberon Herbert
August Wilhelm Schlegel
August Wilhelm (after 1812: von) Schlegel (8 September 176712 May 1845), usually cited as August Schlegel, was a German Indologist, poet, translator and critic, and with his brother Friedrich Schlegel the leading influence within Jena Romanticism.
See Liberalism and August Wilhelm Schlegel
Austerity
In economic policy, austerity is a set of political-economic policies that aim to reduce government budget deficits through spending cuts, tax increases, or a combination of both.
Austrian school of economics
The Austrian school is a heterodox school of economic thought that advocates strict adherence to methodological individualism, the concept that social phenomena result primarily from the motivations and actions of individuals along with their self interest.
See Liberalism and Austrian school of economics
Authoritarianism
Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political status quo, and reductions in democracy, separation of powers, civil liberties, and the rule of law. Liberalism and Authoritarianism are political culture and social theories.
See Liberalism and Authoritarianism
Autocracy
Autocracy is a system of government in which absolute power is held by the ruler, known as an autocrat.
İbrahim Şinasi
İbrahim Şinasi Efendi (translit; 5 August 1826 – 13 September 1871) was a pioneering Ottoman intellectual, founder of Turkish dramaturgy, author, journalist, translator, playwright, linguist and newspaper editor.
See Liberalism and İbrahim Şinasi
Balanced budget
A balanced budget (particularly that of a government) is a budget in which revenues are equal to expenditures.
See Liberalism and Balanced budget
Baruch Spinoza
Baruch (de) Spinoza (24 November 163221 February 1677), also known under his Latinized pen name Benedictus de Spinoza, was a philosopher of Portuguese-Jewish origin.
See Liberalism and Baruch Spinoza
Belief
A belief is a subjective attitude that a proposition is true or a state of affairs is the case.
Benjamin Constant
Henri-Benjamin Constant de Rebecque (25 October 1767 – 8 December 1830), or simply Benjamin Constant, was a Swiss political thinker, activist and writer on political theory and religion.
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Benjamin Tucker
Benjamin Ricketson Tucker (April 17, 1854 – June 22, 1939) was an American individualist anarchistMartin, James J. (1953).
See Liberalism and Benjamin Tucker
Berghahn Books
Berghahn Books is a New York and Oxford–based publisher of scholarly books and academic journals in the humanities and social sciences, with a special focus on social and cultural anthropology, European history, politics, and film and media studies.
See Liberalism and Berghahn Books
Bible
The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία,, 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures, some, all, or a variant of which are held to be sacred in Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, Islam, the Baha'i Faith, and other Abrahamic religions.
Black liberalism
Black liberalism, also known as African-American liberalism, is a political and social philosophy within the United States of America's African-American community that aligns with primarily liberalism, most commonly associated with the Democratic Party.
See Liberalism and Black liberalism
Bodily integrity
Bodily integrity is the inviolability of the physical body and emphasizes the importance of personal autonomy, self-ownership, and self-determination of human beings over their own bodies.
See Liberalism and Bodily integrity
Book of Genesis
The Book of Genesis (from Greek; בְּרֵאשִׁית|Bərēʾšīṯ|In beginning; Liber Genesis) is the first book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament.
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Bourbon Restoration in France
The Second Bourbon Restoration was the period of French history during which the House of Bourbon returned to power after the fall of the First French Empire in 1815.
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Bourgeois liberalization
Bourgeois liberalization is a term used by the Chinese Communist Party to refer to either the prevalent political orientation of Western representative democracy or mainstream Western popular culture.
See Liberalism and Bourgeois liberalization
Brill Publishers
Brill Academic Publishers, also known as E. J. Brill, Koninklijke Brill, Brill, is a Dutch international academic publisher of books and journals.
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British philosophy
British philosophy refers to the philosophical tradition of the British people.
See Liberalism and British philosophy
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
See Liberalism and Cambridge University Press
Capital (economics)
In economics, capital goods or capital are "those durable produced goods that are in turn used as productive inputs for further production" of goods and services.
See Liberalism and Capital (economics)
Capitalism
Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.
Carlo Rosselli
Carlo Alberto Rosselli (16 November 18999 June 1937) was an Italian political leader, journalist, historian, philosopher and anti-fascist activist, first in Italy and then abroad.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.
See Liberalism and Catholic Church
Catholic social teaching
Catholic social teaching (CST) is an area of Catholic doctrine which is concerned with human dignity and the common good in society.
See Liberalism and Catholic social teaching
Cato Institute
The Cato Institute is an American libertarian think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C. It was founded in 1977 by Ed Crane, Murray Rothbard, and Charles Koch, chairman of the board and chief executive officer of Koch Industries.
See Liberalism and Cato Institute
Cengage Group
Cengage Group is an American educational content, technology, and services company for higher education, K–12, professional, and library markets.
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Centre-left politics
Centre-left politics is the range of left-wing political ideologies that lean closer to the political centre and broadly conform with progressivism.
See Liberalism and Centre-left politics
Centre-right politics
Centre-right politics is the set of right-wing political ideologies that lean closer to the political centre.
See Liberalism and Centre-right politics
Chantal Mouffe
Chantal Mouffe (born 17 June 1943) is a Belgian political theorist, formerly teaching at University of Westminster.
See Liberalism and Chantal Mouffe
Charles Dickens
Charles John Huffam Dickens (7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English novelist, journalist, short story writer and social critic.
See Liberalism and Charles Dickens
Charles Victor de Bonstetten
Charles Victor de Bonstetten (Karl Viktor von Bonstetten; 3 September 17453 February 1832) was a Swiss liberal writer.
See Liberalism and Charles Victor de Bonstetten
Choice
A choice is the range of different things from which a being can choose.
Christian democracy
Christian democracy is a political ideology inspired by Christian social teaching to respond to the challenges of contemporary society and politics.
See Liberalism and Christian democracy
City Journal
City Journal is a public policy magazine and website, published by the conservative Manhattan Institute for Policy Research, that covers a range of topics on urban affairs, such as policing, education, housing, and other issues.
See Liberalism and City Journal
Civil and political rights
Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. Liberalism and Civil and political rights are human rights concepts.
See Liberalism and Civil and political rights
Civil liberties
Civil liberties are guarantees and freedoms that governments commit not to abridge, either by constitution, legislation, or judicial interpretation, without due process. Liberalism and Civil liberties are individualism.
See Liberalism and Civil liberties
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark civil rights and labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin.
See Liberalism and Civil Rights Act of 1964
Civil rights movement
The civil rights movement was a social movement and campaign from 1954 to 1968 in the United States to abolish legalized racial segregation, discrimination, and disenfranchisement in the country.
See Liberalism and Civil rights movement
Civil rights movements
Civil rights movements are a worldwide series of political movements for equality before the law, that peaked in the 1960s.
See Liberalism and Civil rights movements
Civil society
Civil society can be understood as the "third sector" of society, distinct from government and business, and including the family and the private sphere.
See Liberalism and Civil society
Classical antiquity
Classical antiquity, also known as the classical era, classical period, classical age, or simply antiquity, is the period of cultural European history between the 8th century BC and the 5th century AD comprising the interwoven civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome known together as the Greco-Roman world, centered on the Mediterranean Basin.
See Liberalism and Classical antiquity
Classical economics
Classical economics, classical political economy, or Smithian economics is a school of thought in political economy that flourished, primarily in Britain, in the late 18th and early-to-mid-19th century.
See Liberalism and Classical economics
Classical liberalism
Classical liberalism is a political tradition and a branch of liberalism that advocates free market and laissez-faire economics and civil liberties under the rule of law, with special emphasis on individual autonomy, limited government, economic freedom, political freedom and freedom of speech.
See Liberalism and Classical liberalism
Classical radicalism
Radicalism (from French radical) was a political movement representing the leftward flank of liberalism during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and a precursor to social liberalism, social democracy, civil libertarianism, and modern progressivism. Liberalism and Classical radicalism are egalitarianism.
See Liberalism and Classical radicalism
Cold War
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, that started in 1947, two years after the end of World War II, and lasted until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Common good
In philosophy, economics, and political science, the common good (also commonwealth, general welfare, or public benefit) is either what is shared and beneficial for all or most members of a given community, or alternatively, what is achieved by citizenship, collective action, and active participation in the realm of politics and public service.
See Liberalism and Common good
Communism
Communism (from Latin label) is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products to everyone in the society based on need. Liberalism and communism are political culture.
Communist state
A communist state, also known as a Marxist–Leninist state, is a one-party state in which the totality of the power belongs to a party adhering to some form of Marxism–Leninism, a branch of the communist ideology.
See Liberalism and Communist state
Competition (economics)
In economics, competition is a scenario where different economic firmsThis article follows the general economic convention of referring to all actors as firms; examples in include individuals and brands or divisions within the same (legal) firm.
See Liberalism and Competition (economics)
Conflict resolution
Conflict resolution is conceptualized as the methods and processes involved in facilitating the peaceful ending of conflict and retribution.
See Liberalism and Conflict resolution
Congress of the Confederation
The Congress of the Confederation, or the Confederation Congress, formally referred to as the United States in Congress Assembled, was the governing body of the United States from March 1, 1781, until March 3, 1789, during the Confederation period.
See Liberalism and Congress of the Confederation
Conscience
A conscience is a cognitive process that elicits emotion and rational associations based on an individual's moral philosophy or value system.
Consent of the governed
In political philosophy, the phrase consent of the governed refers to the idea that a government's legitimacy and moral right to use state power is justified and lawful only when consented to by the people or society over which that political power is exercised.
See Liberalism and Consent of the governed
Conservatism
Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy and ideology that seeks to promote and preserve traditional institutions, customs, and values. Liberalism and Conservatism are social theories.
See Liberalism and Conservatism
Conservatism in the United States
Conservatism in the United States is based on a belief in individualism, traditionalism, republicanism, and limited federal governmental power in relation to U.S. states.
See Liberalism and Conservatism in the United States
Conservative liberalism
Conservative liberalism, also referred to as right-liberalism, is a variant of liberalism combining liberal values and policies with conservative stances, or simply representing the right wing of the liberal movement. Liberalism and conservative liberalism are political culture and political science terminology.
See Liberalism and Conservative liberalism
Constitution
A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organization or other type of entity, and commonly determines how that entity is to be governed.
See Liberalism and Constitution
Constitution of the United States
The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States.
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Constitutional Convention (United States)
The Constitutional Convention took place in Philadelphia from May 25 to September 17, 1787.
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Constitutional liberalism
Constitutional liberalism is a form of government that upholds the principles of classical liberalism and the rule of law.
See Liberalism and Constitutional liberalism
Constitutionalism
Constitutionalism is "a compound of ideas, attitudes, and patterns of behavior elaborating the principle that the authority of government derives from and is limited by a body of fundamental law".
See Liberalism and Constitutionalism
Continuum International Publishing Group
Continuum International Publishing Group was an academic publisher of books with editorial offices in London and New York City.
See Liberalism and Continuum International Publishing Group
Contract
A contract is an agreement that specifies certain legally enforceable rights and obligations pertaining to two or more parties.
Cooperation
Cooperation (written as co-operation in British English and, with a varied usage along time, coöperation) takes place when a group of organisms works or acts together for a collective benefit to the group as opposed to working in competition for selfish individual benefit.
See Liberalism and Cooperation
Coppet Castle
Coppet Castle (French: Château de Coppet) is a château in the municipality of Coppet of the Canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
See Liberalism and Coppet Castle
Coppet group
The Coppet group (Groupe de Coppet), also known as the Coppet circle, was an informal intellectual and literary gathering centred on Germaine de Staël during the time period between the establishment of the Napoleonic First Empire (1804) and the Bourbon Restoration of 1814–1815.
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Cornell University Press
The Cornell University Press is the university press of Cornell University; currently housed in Sage House, the former residence of Henry William Sage.
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Court
A court is any person or institution, often as a government institution, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and carry out the administration of justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law.
Culture
Culture is a concept that encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups.
David Ricardo
David Ricardo (18 April 1772 – 11 September 1823) was a British political economist, politician, and member of the Parliament of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (Déclaration des droits de l'Homme et du citoyen de 1789), set by France's National Constituent Assembly in 1789, is a human civil rights document from the French Revolution.
See Liberalism and Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
Decree
A decree is a legal proclamation, usually issued by a head of state, judge, royal figure, or other relevant authorities, according to certain procedures.
Deficit spending
Within the budgetary process, deficit spending is the amount by which spending exceeds revenue over a particular period of time, also called simply deficit, or budget deficit, the opposite of budget surplus.
See Liberalism and Deficit spending
Democracy
Democracy (from dēmokratía, dēmos 'people' and kratos 'rule') is a system of government in which state power is vested in the people or the general population of a state.
Democracy in America
De la démocratie en Amérique (published in two volumes, the first in 1835 and the second in 1840) is a classic French work by Alexis de Tocqueville.
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Democratic Party (United States)
The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States.
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Deng Xiaoping
Deng Xiaoping (22 August 1904 – 19 February 1997) was a Chinese revolutionary and statesman who served as the paramount leader of the People's Republic of China (PRC) from December 1978 to November 1989.
See Liberalism and Deng Xiaoping
Deontology
In moral philosophy, deontological ethics or deontology (from Greek: +) is the normative ethical theory that the morality of an action should be based on whether that action itself is right or wrong under a series of rules and principles, rather than based on the consequences of the action.
Discourse
Discourse is a generalization of the notion of a conversation to any form of communication.
Diseases of poverty
Diseases of poverty, also known as poverty-related diseases, are diseases that are more prevalent in low-income populations.
See Liberalism and Diseases of poverty
Distribution of wealth
The distribution of wealth is a comparison of the wealth of various members or groups in a society.
See Liberalism and Distribution of wealth
Divine law
Divine law is any body of law that is perceived as deriving from a transcendent source, such as the will of God or godsin contrast to man-made law or to secular law.
Divine right of kings
In European Christianity, the divine right of kings, divine right, or God's mandation, is a political and religious doctrine of political legitimacy of a monarchy.
See Liberalism and Divine right of kings
Divorce
Divorce (also known as dissolution of marriage) is the process of terminating a marriage or marital union.
Domenico Losurdo
Domenico Losurdo (14 November 1941 – 28 June 2018) was an Italian historian, essayist, Marxist philosopher, and communist politician.
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Don H. Doyle
Don H. Doyle is an American historian.
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Donald Markwell
Donald John Markwell (born 19 April 1959) is an Australian social scientist, who has been described as a "renowned Australian educational reformer".
See Liberalism and Donald Markwell
Duty
A duty (from "due" meaning "that which is owing"; deu, did, past participle of devoir; debere, debitum, whence "debt") is a commitment or expectation to perform some action in general or if certain circumstances arise.
East India Company
The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874.
See Liberalism and East India Company
Eastern Bloc
The Eastern Bloc, also known as the Communist Bloc (Combloc), the Socialist Bloc, and the Soviet Bloc, was the unofficial coalition of communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America that were aligned with the Soviet Union and existed during the Cold War (1947–1991).
See Liberalism and Eastern Bloc
Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent.
See Liberalism and Eastern Europe
Eastern philosophy
Eastern philosophy (also called Asian philosophy or oriental philosophy) includes the various philosophies that originated in East and South Asia, including Chinese philosophy, Japanese philosophy, Korean philosophy, and Vietnamese philosophy; which are dominant in East Asia, and Indian philosophy (including Hindu philosophy, Jain philosophy, Buddhist philosophy), which are dominant in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Tibet, and Mongolia.
See Liberalism and Eastern philosophy
Economic freedom
Economic freedom, or economic liberty, refers to the agency of people to make economic decisions. Liberalism and economic freedom are human rights concepts.
See Liberalism and Economic freedom
Economic growth
Economic growth can be defined as the increase or improvement in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy in a financial year.
See Liberalism and Economic growth
Economic liberalism
Economic liberalism is a political and economic ideology that supports a market economy based on individualism and private property in the means of production.
See Liberalism and Economic liberalism
Economic policy
The economy of governments covers the systems for setting levels of taxation, government budgets, the money supply and interest rates as well as the labour market, national ownership, and many other areas of government interventions into the economy.
See Liberalism and Economic policy
Economist
An economist is a professional and practitioner in the social science discipline of economics.
Edinburgh University Press
Edinburgh University Press is a scholarly publisher of academic books and journals, based in Edinburgh, Scotland.
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Edmund Burke
Edmund Burke (12 January 1729 – 9 July 1797) was an Anglo-Irish statesman and philosopher who spent most of his career in Great Britain.
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Eduard Bernstein
Eduard Bernstein (6 January 1850 – 18 December 1932) was a German social democratic Marxist theorist and politician.
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Egalitarianism
Egalitarianism, or equalitarianism, is a school of thought within political philosophy that builds on the concept of social equality, prioritizing it for all people. Liberalism and Egalitarianism are political culture and social theories.
See Liberalism and Egalitarianism
Eisenbrauns
Eisenbrauns, an imprint of Penn State University Press, is an academic publisher specializing in the ancient Near East and biblical studies.
See Liberalism and Eisenbrauns
Employers' organization
An employers' organization or employers' association is a collective organization of manufacturers, retailers, or other employers of wage labor.
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Encyclopædia Britannica
The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
See Liberalism and Encyclopædia Britannica
English Civil War
The English Civil War refers to a series of civil wars and political machinations between Royalists and Parliamentarians in the Kingdom of England from 1642 to 1651.
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English Dissenters
English Dissenters or English Separatists were Protestants who separated from the Church of England in the 17th and 18th centuries.
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English people
The English people are an ethnic group and nation native to England, who speak the English language, a West Germanic language, and share a common ancestry, history, and culture.
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Equal opportunity
Equal opportunity is a state of fairness in which individuals are treated similarly, unhampered by artificial barriers, prejudices, or preferences, except when particular distinctions can be explicitly justified. Liberalism and Equal opportunity are egalitarianism.
See Liberalism and Equal opportunity
Equality before the law
Equality before the law, also known as equality under the law, equality in the eyes of the law, legal equality, or legal egalitarianism, is the principle that all people must be equally protected by the law. Liberalism and equality before the law are egalitarianism and political science terminology.
See Liberalism and Equality before the law
Equity feminism
Equity feminism is a form of liberal feminism that advocates the state's equal treatment of women and men without challenging inequalities perpetuated by employers, educational and religious institutions, and other elements of society.
See Liberalism and Equity feminism
Eric Alterman
Eric Alterman (born January 14, 1960) is an American historian and journalist.
See Liberalism and Eric Alterman
Ethics
Ethics is the philosophical study of moral phenomena.
Etymology
Etymology (The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p. 633 "Etymology /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the scientific study of words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time".) is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of a word's semantic meaning across time, including its constituent morphemes and phonemes.
Evolutionary psychology
Evolutionary psychology is a theoretical approach in psychology that examines cognition and behavior from a modern evolutionary perspective.
See Liberalism and Evolutionary psychology
Evolutionary Psychology (journal)
Evolutionary Psychology is a peer-reviewed open access academic journal published since 2003.
See Liberalism and Evolutionary Psychology (journal)
Executive (government)
The executive, also referred to as the juditian or executive power, is that part of government which executes the law; in other words, directly makes decisions and holds power.
See Liberalism and Executive (government)
Fascism
Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultranationalist political ideology and movement, characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived good of the nation or race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy. Liberalism and Fascism are political culture and political science terminology.
February Revolution
The February Revolution (Февральская революция), known in Soviet historiography as the February Bourgeois Democratic Revolution and sometimes as the March Revolution, was the first of two revolutions which took place in Russia in 1917.
See Liberalism and February Revolution
Federation
A federation (also called a federal state) is an entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a federal government (federalism).
Feminism
Feminism is a range of socio-political movements and ideologies that aim to define and establish the political, economic, personal, and social equality of the sexes. Liberalism and Feminism are social theories.
Feminist theory
Feminist theory is the extension of feminism into theoretical, fictional, or philosophical discourse.
See Liberalism and Feminist theory
Ferdinand VII
Ferdinand VII (Fernando VII; 14 October 1784 – 29 September 1833) was King of Spain during the early 19th century.
See Liberalism and Ferdinand VII
Feudalism
Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was a combination of legal, economic, military, cultural, and political customs that flourished in medieval Europe from the 9th to 15th centuries.
Financial Times
The Financial Times (FT) is a British daily newspaper printed in broadsheet and also published digitally that focuses on business and economic current affairs.
See Liberalism and Financial Times
First Constitutional Era
The First Constitutional Era (مشروطيت; Birinci Meşrutiyet Devri) of the Ottoman Empire was the period of constitutional monarchy from the promulgation of the Ottoman constitution of 1876 (Kanûn-ı Esâsî, قانون اساسى, meaning 'Basic Law' or 'Fundamental Law' in Ottoman Turkish), written by members of the Young Ottomans, that began on 23 December 1876 and lasted until 14 February 1878.
See Liberalism and First Constitutional Era
For a New Liberty
For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto (1973; second edition 1978; third edition 1985) is a book by American economist and historian Murray Rothbard, in which the author promotes anarcho-capitalism.
See Liberalism and For a New Liberty
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), commonly known by his initials FDR, was an American politician who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.
See Liberalism and Franklin D. Roosevelt
Free market
In economics, a free market is an economic system in which the prices of goods and services are determined by supply and demand expressed by sellers and buyers.
See Liberalism and Free market
Free trade
Free trade is a trade policy that does not restrict imports or exports.
Freedom of assembly
Freedom of peaceful assembly, sometimes used interchangeably with the freedom of association, is the individual right or ability of people to come together and collectively express, promote, pursue, and defend their collective or shared ideas.
See Liberalism and Freedom of assembly
Freedom of association
Freedom of association encompasses both an individual's right to join or leave groups voluntarily, the right of the group to take collective action to pursue the interests of its members, and the right of an association to accept or decline membership based on certain criteria.
See Liberalism and Freedom of association
Freedom of religion
Freedom of religion or religious liberty is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or community, in public or private, to manifest religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship, and observance.
See Liberalism and Freedom of religion
Freedom of religion in the United Kingdom
The right to freedom of religion in the United Kingdom is provided for in all three constituent legal systems, by devolved, national, European, and international law and treaty.
See Liberalism and Freedom of religion in the United Kingdom
Freedom of speech
Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction.
See Liberalism and Freedom of speech
Freedom of the press
Freedom of the press or freedom of the media is the fundamental principle that communication and expression through various media, including printed and electronic media, especially published materials, should be considered a right to be exercised freely.
See Liberalism and Freedom of the press
French Revolution
The French Revolution was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789, and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire in November 1799 and the formation of the French Consulate.
See Liberalism and French Revolution
French Third Republic
The French Third Republic (Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) was the system of government adopted in France from 4 September 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940, after the Fall of France during World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government.
See Liberalism and French Third Republic
Friedrich Hayek
Friedrich August von Hayek (8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), often referred to by his initials F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian-British academic, who contributed to economics, political philosophy, psychology, and intellectual history.
See Liberalism and Friedrich Hayek
Friedrich Naumann Foundation
The Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom (Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung für die Freiheit) (FNF), is a German foundation for liberal politics, related to the Free Democratic Party.
See Liberalism and Friedrich Naumann Foundation
Full employment
Full employment is an economic situation in which there is no cyclical or deficient-demand unemployment.
See Liberalism and Full employment
Gender equality
Gender equality, also known as sexual equality or equality of the sexes, is the state of equal ease of access to resources and opportunities regardless of gender, including economic participation and decision-making; and the state of valuing different behaviors, aspirations, and needs equally, regardless of gender. Liberalism and gender equality are egalitarianism.
See Liberalism and Gender equality
Gender inequality
Gender inequality is the social phenomenon in which people are not treated equally on the basis of gender.
See Liberalism and Gender inequality
Geneva
Geneva (Genève)Genf; Ginevra; Genevra.
George Brandis
George Henry Brandis (born 22 June 1957) is an Australian former politician.
See Liberalism and George Brandis
George Henry Evans
George Henry Evans (March 25, 1805February 2, 1856) was a radical reformer who was in the Working Men's movement of 1829 and the trade union movements of the 1830s.
See Liberalism and George Henry Evans
Germaine de Staël
Anne Louise Germaine de Staël-Holstein (22 April 176614 July 1817), commonly known as Madame de Staël, was a prominent philosopher, woman of letters, and political theorist in both Parisian and Genevan intellectual circles.
See Liberalism and Germaine de Staël
Gladstonian liberalism
Gladstonian liberalism is a political doctrine named after the British Victorian Prime Minister and Liberal Party leader William Ewart Gladstone.
See Liberalism and Gladstonian liberalism
Globalization
Globalization, or globalisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide.
See Liberalism and Globalization
Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution is the sequence of events that led to the deposition of James II and VII in November 1688.
See Liberalism and Glorious Revolution
God
In monotheistic belief systems, God is usually viewed as the supreme being, creator, and principal object of faith.
Goods and services
Goods are items that are usually (but not always) tangible, such as pens or apples.
See Liberalism and Goods and services
Google Books
Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) is a service from Google that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition (OCR), and stored in its digital database.
See Liberalism and Google Books
Great Depression
The Great Depression (19291939) was a severe global economic downturn that affected many countries across the world.
See Liberalism and Great Depression
Great Depression in the United Kingdom
The Great Depression in the United Kingdom also known as the Great Slump, was a period of national economic downturn in the 1930s, which had its origins in the global Great Depression.
See Liberalism and Great Depression in the United Kingdom
Great Depression in the United States
In the United States, the Great Depression began with the Wall Street Crash of October 1929 and then spread worldwide.
See Liberalism and Great Depression in the United States
Great Society
The Great Society was a set of domestic programs in the United States launched by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 and 1965.
See Liberalism and Great Society
Greenwood Publishing Group
Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. (GPG), also known as ABC-Clio/Greenwood (stylized ABC-CLIO/Greenwood), is an educational and academic publisher (middle school through university level) which is today part of ABC-Clio.
See Liberalism and Greenwood Publishing Group
Guild
A guild is an association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular territory.
Gustave de Molinari
Gustave de Molinari (3 March 1819 – 28 January 1912) was a Belgian political economist and French Liberal School theorist associated with French laissez-faire economists such as Frédéric Bastiat and Hippolyte Castille.
See Liberalism and Gustave de Molinari
Harvard University Press
Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing.
See Liberalism and Harvard University Press
Head Start (program)
Head Start is a program of the United States Department of Health and Human Services that provides comprehensive early childhood education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low-income children and families.
See Liberalism and Head Start (program)
Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux
Henry Peter Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux, (19 September 1778 – 7 May 1868) was a British statesman who became Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain and played a prominent role in passing the Reform Act 1832 and Slavery Abolition Act 1833.
See Liberalism and Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux
Herbert Spencer
Herbert Spencer (27 April 1820 – 8 December 1903) was an English polymath active as a philosopher, psychologist, biologist, sociologist, and anthropologist.
See Liberalism and Herbert Spencer
History of feminism
The history of feminism comprises the narratives (chronological or thematic) of the movements and ideologies which have aimed at equal rights for women. Liberalism and history of feminism are history of political thought.
See Liberalism and History of feminism
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor.
See Liberalism and Holy Roman Empire
Holy See
The Holy See (url-status,; Santa Sede), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the pope in his role as the Bishop of Rome.
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH) is an American publisher of textbooks, instructional technology materials, assessments, and reference works.
See Liberalism and Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Human rights
Human rights are moral principles or normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, 13 December 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,. Liberalism and Human rights are egalitarianism.
See Liberalism and Human rights
Humanism
Humanism is a philosophical stance that emphasizes the individual and social potential, and agency of human beings, whom it considers the starting point for serious moral and philosophical inquiry.
Ideology
An ideology is a set of beliefs or philosophies attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely epistemic, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones".
Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers.
See Liberalism and Immanuel Kant
Income distribution
In economics, income distribution covers how a country's total GDP is distributed amongst its population.
See Liberalism and Income distribution
Income tax
An income tax is a tax imposed on individuals or entities (taxpayers) in respect of the income or profits earned by them (commonly called taxable income).
Independent politician
An independent, non-partisan politician or non-affiliated politician is a politician not affiliated with any political party or bureaucratic association.
See Liberalism and Independent politician
Individual
An individual is one that exists as a distinct entity. Liberalism and individual are individualism.
Individual and group rights
Individual rights, also known as natural rights, are rights held by individuals by virtue of being human. Liberalism and individual and group rights are human rights concepts and individualism.
See Liberalism and Individual and group rights
Individualism
Individualism is the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, and social outlook that emphasizes the intrinsic worth of the individual. Liberalism and Individualism are political culture and social theories.
See Liberalism and Individualism
Individualist anarchism
Individualist anarchism is the branch of anarchism that emphasizes the individual and their will over external determinants such as groups, society, traditions, and ideological systems. Liberalism and Individualist anarchism are individualism.
See Liberalism and Individualist anarchism
Industrial production
Industrial production is a measure of output of the industrial sector of the economy.
See Liberalism and Industrial production
Industrialisation
Industrialisation (UK) or industrialization (US) is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society.
See Liberalism and Industrialisation
Institution
An institution is a humanly devised structure of rules and norms that shape and constrain social behavior. Liberalism and institution are political science terminology.
See Liberalism and Institution
International Journal of Constitutional Law
The International Journal of Constitutional Law is a quarterly law journal covering constitutional law, administrative law, international law, and other branches of public law.
See Liberalism and International Journal of Constitutional Law
International Publishers
International Publishers is a book publishing company based in New York City, specializing in Marxist works of economics, political science, and history.
See Liberalism and International Publishers
International trade
International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories because there is a need or want of goods or services.
See Liberalism and International trade
Invisible hand
The invisible hand is a metaphor inspired by the Scottish moral philosopher Adam Smith that describes the incentives which free markets sometimes create for self-interested people to act unintentionally in the public interest.
See Liberalism and Invisible hand
Iron law of wages
The iron law of wages is a proposed law of economics that asserts that real wages always tend, in the long run, toward the minimum wage necessary to sustain the life of the worker.
See Liberalism and Iron law of wages
Isaiah Berlin
Sir Isaiah Berlin (24 May/6 June 1909 – 5 November 1997) was a Russian-British social and political theorist, philosopher, and historian of ideas.
See Liberalism and Isaiah Berlin
Islam
Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.
Islamic modernism
Islamic modernism is a movement that has been described as "the first Muslim ideological response to the Western cultural challenge," attempting to reconcile the Islamic faith with values percieved as modern such as democracy, civil rights, rationality, equality, and progress.
See Liberalism and Islamic modernism
Islamic revival
Islamic revival (تجديد, lit., "regeneration, renewal"; also الصحوة الإسلامية, "Islamic awakening") refers to a revival of the Islamic religion, usually centered around enforcing sharia.
See Liberalism and Islamic revival
Islamism
Islamism (also often called political Islam) refers to a broad set of religious and political ideological movements.
J. A. Hobson
John Atkinson Hobson (6 July 1858 – 1 April 1940) was an English economist and social scientist.
See Liberalism and J. A. Hobson
J. M. Roberts
John Morris Roberts (14 April 1928 – 30 May 2003) was a British historian with many published works.
See Liberalism and J. M. Roberts
Jakob Mauvillon
Jakob Mauvillon (8 March 1743 – 11 January 1794), son of Eleazar Mauvillon, was an 18th-century figure in German liberalism.
See Liberalism and Jakob Mauvillon
James Mackintosh
Sir James Mackintosh FRS FRSE (24 October 1765 – 30 May 1832) was a Scottish jurist, Whig politician and Whig historian.
See Liberalism and James Mackintosh
James Madison
James Madison (March 16, 1751June 28, 1836) was an American statesman, diplomat, and Founding Father who served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817.
See Liberalism and James Madison
James Mill
James Mill (born James Milne; 6 April 1773 – 23 June 1836) was a Scottish historian, economist, political theorist and philosopher.
Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi
Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi, also known as Jean Charles Leonard Simonde de Sismondi, (9 May 1773 – 25 June 1842), whose real surname was Simonde, was a Swiss historian and political economist, who is best known for his works on French and Italian history, and his economic ideas.
See Liberalism and Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi
Jean-Baptiste Say
Jean-Baptiste Say (5 January 1767 – 15 November 1832) was a liberal French economist and businessman who argued in favor of competition, free trade and lifting restraints on business.
See Liberalism and Jean-Baptiste Say
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher (philosophe), writer, and composer.
See Liberalism and Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Jeremy Bentham
Jeremy Bentham (4 February 1747/8 O.S. – 6 June 1832) was an English philosopher, jurist, and social reformer regarded as the founder of modern utilitarianism.
See Liberalism and Jeremy Bentham
Jewish ghettos in Europe
In the early modern era, European Jews were confined to ghettos and placed under strict regulations as well as restrictions in many European cities.
See Liberalism and Jewish ghettos in Europe
Job Corps
Job Corps is a program administered by the United States Department of Labor that offers free education and vocational training to young people ages 16 to 24.
John Bright
John Bright (16 November 1811 – 27 March 1889) was a British Radical and Liberal statesman, one of the greatest orators of his generation and a promoter of free trade policies.
See Liberalism and John Bright
John Cunningham Wood
John Cunningham Wood (born 1952) is an Australian economist, author, and the chief executive officer of the University Division at Navitas, known as series editor of the "Critical Assessment of Leading Economists" series of Taylor & Francis.
See Liberalism and John Cunningham Wood
John Dewey
John Dewey (October 20, 1859 – June 1, 1952) was an American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer.
John F. Kennedy
John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to as JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination in 1963.
See Liberalism and John F. Kennedy
John Gray (philosopher)
John Nicholas Gray (born 17 April 1948) is an English political philosopher and author with interests in analytic philosophy, the history of ideas, and philosophical pessimism.
See Liberalism and John Gray (philosopher)
John Locke
John Locke (29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "father of liberalism".
John Maynard Keynes
John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes (5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946), was an English economist and philosopher whose ideas fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics and the economic policies of governments.
See Liberalism and John Maynard Keynes
John Milton
John Milton (9 December 1608 – 8 November 1674) was an English poet, polemicist, and civil servant.
See Liberalism and John Milton
John Rawls
John Bordley Rawls (February 21, 1921 – November 24, 2002) was an American moral, legal and political philosopher in the modern liberal tradition.
John Stuart Mill
John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 – 7 May 1873) was an English philosopher, political economist, politician and civil servant.
See Liberalism and John Stuart Mill
Johns Hopkins University Press
Johns Hopkins University Press (also referred to as JHU Press or JHUP) is the publishing division of Johns Hopkins University.
See Liberalism and Johns Hopkins University Press
Josep Colomer
Josep Maria Colomer Calsina is a political scientist and economist.
See Liberalism and Josep Colomer
Joseph Priestley
Joseph Priestley (24 March 1733 – 6 February 1804) was an English chemist, Unitarian, natural philosopher, separatist theologian, grammarian, multi-subject educator, liberal political theorist.
See Liberalism and Joseph Priestley
Joseph Schumpeter
Joseph Alois Schumpeter (February 8, 1883 – January 8, 1950) was an Austrian political economist.
See Liberalism and Joseph Schumpeter
Josiah Warren
Josiah Warren (June 26, 1798 – April 14, 1874) was an American utopian socialist, American individualist anarchist, individualist philosopher, polymath, social reformer, inventor, musician, printer and author.
See Liberalism and Josiah Warren
Journal of Business Ethics
The Journal of Business Ethics is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Springer.
See Liberalism and Journal of Business Ethics
Journal of the History of Ideas
The Journal of the History of Ideas is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering intellectual history, conceptual history, and the history of ideas, including the histories of philosophy, literature and the arts, natural and social sciences, religion, and political thought.
See Liberalism and Journal of the History of Ideas
Judicial independence
Judicial independence is the concept that the judiciary should be independent from the other branches of government.
See Liberalism and Judicial independence
Judiciary
The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law in legal cases.
Juliette Récamier
Jeanne Françoise Julie Adélaïde Récamier (3 December 1777 – 11 May 1849), known as Juliette, was a French socialite whose salon drew people from the leading literary and political circles of early 19th-century Paris.
See Liberalism and Juliette Récamier
Julius Faucher
Julius Faucher (13 June 1820 in Berlin – 12 June 1878 in Rome) was a German journalist and a significant advocate of liberalism and free trade.
See Liberalism and Julius Faucher
Jury trial
A jury trial, or trial by jury, is a legal proceeding in which a jury makes a decision or findings of fact.
Kantianism
Kantianism (Kantianismus) is the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher born in Königsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia).
Karl Marx
Karl Marx (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German-born philosopher, political theorist, economist, historian, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist.
Keynesian economics
Keynesian economics (sometimes Keynesianism, named after British economist John Maynard Keynes) are the various macroeconomic theories and models of how aggregate demand (total spending in the economy) strongly influences economic output and inflation.
See Liberalism and Keynesian economics
Kingdom of England
The Kingdom of England was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from 886, when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, until 1 May 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain, which would later become the United Kingdom.
See Liberalism and Kingdom of England
Kingdom of Italy
The Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 17 March 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy, until 10 June 1946, when the monarchy was abolished, following civil discontent that led to an institutional referendum on 2 June 1946.
See Liberalism and Kingdom of Italy
Labor theory of value
The labor theory of value (LTV) is a theory of value that argues that the exchange value of a good or service is determined by the total amount of "socially necessary labor" required to produce it.
See Liberalism and Labor theory of value
Labour movement
The labour movement is the collective organisation of working people to further their shared political and economic interests.
See Liberalism and Labour movement
Laissez-faire
Laissez-faire (or, from laissez faire) is a type of economic system in which transactions between private groups of people are free from any form of economic interventionism (such as subsidies or regulations). Liberalism and laissez-faire are individualism.
See Liberalism and Laissez-faire
Laozi
Laozi (老子), also romanized as Lao Tzu and various other ways, was a semi-legendary ancient Chinese philosopher, author of the Tao Te Ching, the foundational text of Taoism along with the Zhuangzi.
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
Law enforcement
Law enforcement is the activity of some members of government who act in an organized manner to enforce the law by discovering, investigating, deterring, rehabilitating, or punishing people who violate the rules and norms governing that society.
See Liberalism and Law enforcement
League of Nations
The League of Nations (LN or LoN; Société des Nations, SdN) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace.
See Liberalism and League of Nations
Legal monopoly
A legal monopoly, statutory monopoly, or de jure monopoly is a monopoly that is protected by law from competition.
See Liberalism and Legal monopoly
Legislation
Legislation is the process or result of enrolling, enacting, or promulgating laws by a legislature, parliament, or analogous governing body.
See Liberalism and Legislation
Legislator
A legislator, or lawmaker, is a person who writes and passes laws, especially someone who is a member of a legislature.
Legislature
A legislature is a deliberative assembly with the legal authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country, nation or city.
See Liberalism and Legislature
Legitimacy (political)
In political science, legitimacy is the right and acceptance of an authority, usually a governing law or a regime. Liberalism and legitimacy (political) are political culture.
See Liberalism and Legitimacy (political)
Leonard Hobhouse
Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse, FBA (8 September 1864 – 21 June 1929) was an English liberal political theorist and sociologist, who has been considered one of the leading and earliest proponents of social liberalism.
See Liberalism and Leonard Hobhouse
Levellers
The Levellers were a political movement active during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms who were committed to popular sovereignty, extended suffrage, equality before the law and religious tolerance.
Leviathan (Hobbes book)
Leviathan or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Commonwealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil, commonly referred to as Leviathan, is a book written by Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) and published in 1651 (revised Latin edition 1668).
See Liberalism and Leviathan (Hobbes book)
Liberal arts education
Liberal arts education (from Latin 'free' and 'art or principled practice') is the traditional academic course in Western higher education.
See Liberalism and Liberal arts education
Liberal conservatism
Liberal conservatism is a political ideology combining conservative policies with liberal stances, especially on economic issues but also on social and ethical matters, representing a brand of political conservatism strongly influenced by liberalism. Liberalism and liberal conservatism are social theories.
See Liberalism and Liberal conservatism
Liberal democracy
Liberal democracy, western-style democracy, or substantive democracy is a form of government that combines the organization of a representative democracy with ideas of liberal political philosophy.
See Liberalism and Liberal democracy
Liberal feminism
Liberal feminism, also called mainstream feminism, is a main branch of feminism defined by its focus on achieving gender equality through political and legal reform within the framework of liberal democracy and informed by a human rights perspective.
See Liberalism and Liberal feminism
Liberal parties by country
This article gives information on liberalism worldwide.
See Liberalism and Liberal parties by country
Liberal Party
The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world.
See Liberalism and Liberal Party
Liberal Party of Canada
The Liberal Party of Canada (LPC; region, PLC) is a federal political party in Canada.
See Liberalism and Liberal Party of Canada
Liberal socialism
Liberal socialism is a political philosophy that incorporates liberal principles to socialism.
See Liberalism and Liberal socialism
Liberalism and conservatism in Latin America
Liberalism and conservatism in Latin America have unique historical roots as Latin American independence began to occur in 1808 after the French Revolution and the subsequent Napoleonic Wars that eventually engulfed all of Europe.
See Liberalism and Liberalism and conservatism in Latin America
Liberalism and progressivism within Islam
Liberalism and progressivism within Islam involve professed Muslims who have created a considerable body of progressive thought about Islamic understanding and practice.
See Liberalism and Liberalism and progressivism within Islam
Liberalism and radicalism in France
Liberalism and radicalism have played a role in the political history of France.
See Liberalism and Liberalism and radicalism in France
Liberalism and radicalism in Italy
Liberalism and radicalism have played a role in the political history of Italy since the country's unification, started in 1861 and largely completed in 1871, and currently influence several leading political parties.
See Liberalism and Liberalism and radicalism in Italy
Liberalism and radicalism in Spain
This article gives an overview of liberalism and radicalism in Spain.
See Liberalism and Liberalism and radicalism in Spain
Liberalism in Europe
In general, liberalism in Europe is a political movement that supports a broad tradition of individual liberties and constitutionally-limited and democratically accountable government.
See Liberalism and Liberalism in Europe
Liberalism in Iran
Liberalism in Iran or Iranian liberalism is a political ideology that traces its beginnings to the 20th century.
See Liberalism and Liberalism in Iran
Liberalism in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, the word liberalism can have any of several meanings.
See Liberalism and Liberalism in the United Kingdom
Liberalism in Turkey
Liberalism was introduced in the Ottoman Empire during the Tanzimat period of reformation.
See Liberalism and Liberalism in Turkey
Libertarianism in the United States
In the United States, libertarianism is a political philosophy promoting individual liberty.
See Liberalism and Libertarianism in the United States
Libertine
A libertine is a person questioning and challenging most moral principles, such as responsibility or sexual restraints, and will often declare these traits as unnecessary or undesirable.
Liberty
Liberty is the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life, behavior, or political views.
Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness
"Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness" is a well-known phrase from the United States Declaration of Independence. Liberalism and Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness are human rights concepts.
See Liberalism and Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness
Limited government
In political philosophy, limited government is the concept of a government limited in power.
See Liberalism and Limited government
List of liberal theorists
Individual contributors to classical liberalism and political liberalism are associated with philosophers of the Enlightenment.
See Liberalism and List of liberal theorists
List of presidents of the United States
The president of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States, indirectly elected to a four-year term via the Electoral College.
See Liberalism and List of presidents of the United States
List of Roman emperors
The Roman emperors were the rulers of the Roman Empire from the granting of the name and title Augustus to Octavian by the Roman Senate in 27 BC onward.
See Liberalism and List of Roman emperors
List of women philosophers
This is a list of women philosophers ordered alphabetically by surname.
See Liberalism and List of women philosophers
Little Englander
Little Englanders during the late 19th and early 20th centuries were a faction of the Liberal Party who opposed further expansion of and financial support to the British Empire, and advocated complete independence for British colonies.
See Liberalism and Little Englander
Lord Byron
George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, (22 January 1788 – 19 April 1824) was a British poet and peer.
Louis Hartz
Louis Hartz (April 8, 1919 – January 20, 1986) was an American political scientist, historian, and a professor at Harvard, where he taught from 1942 until 1974.
See Liberalism and Louis Hartz
Lunatic asylum
The lunatic asylum, insane asylum or mental asylum was an institution where people with mental illness were confined.
See Liberalism and Lunatic asylum
Lyndon B. Johnson
Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969.
See Liberalism and Lyndon B. Johnson
Lysander Spooner
Lysander Spooner (January 19, 1808 — May 14, 1887) was an American abolitionist, entrepreneur, lawyer, essayist, natural rights legal theorist, pamphletist, political philosopher, Unitarian and writer often associated with the Boston anarchist tradition.
See Liberalism and Lysander Spooner
Male privilege
Male privilege is the system of advantages or rights that are available to men on the basis of their sex.
See Liberalism and Male privilege
Manchester University Press
Manchester University Press is the university press of the University of Manchester, England and a publisher of academic books and journals.
See Liberalism and Manchester University Press
Manorialism
Manorialism, also known as seigneurialism, the manor system or manorial system, was the method of land ownership (or "tenure") in parts of Europe, notably France and later England, during the Middle Ages.
See Liberalism and Manorialism
Marcus Aurelius
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (English:; 26 April 121 – 17 March 180) was Roman emperor from 161 to 180 and a Stoic philosopher.
See Liberalism and Marcus Aurelius
Margaret Thatcher
Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, (13 October 19258 April 2013) was a British stateswoman and Conservative politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990.
See Liberalism and Margaret Thatcher
Market (economics)
In economics, a market is a composition of systems, institutions, procedures, social relations or infrastructures whereby parties engage in exchange.
See Liberalism and Market (economics)
Market economy
A market economy is an economic system in which the decisions regarding investment, production and distribution to the consumers are guided by the price signals created by the forces of supply and demand.
See Liberalism and Market economy
Market intervention
A market intervention is a policy or measure that modifies or interferes with a market, typically done in the form of state action, but also by philanthropic and political-action groups.
See Liberalism and Market intervention
Marketplace of ideas
The marketplace of ideas is a rationale for freedom of expression based on an analogy to the economic concept of a free market.
See Liberalism and Marketplace of ideas
Marxism
Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis. Liberalism and Marxism are social theories.
Marxism–Leninism
Marxism–Leninism is a communist ideology that became the largest faction of the communist movement in the world in the years following the October Revolution.
See Liberalism and Marxism–Leninism
Mary Wollstonecraft
Mary Wollstonecraft (27 April 1759 – 10 September 1797) was a British writer, philosopher, and advocate of women's rights.
See Liberalism and Mary Wollstonecraft
Masterpiece
A masterpiece, magnum opus, or paren) in modern use is a creation that has been given much critical praise, especially one that is considered the greatest work of a person's career or a work of outstanding creativity, skill, profundity, or workmanship. Historically, a "masterpiece" was a work of a very high standard produced to obtain membership of a guild or academy in various areas of the visual arts and crafts.
See Liberalism and Masterpiece
Materialism
Materialism is a form of philosophical monism which holds that matter is the fundamental substance in nature, and that all things, including mental states and consciousness, are results of material interactions of material things.
See Liberalism and Materialism
Matthew Arnold
Matthew Arnold (24 December 1822 – 15 April 1888) was an English poet and cultural critic.
See Liberalism and Matthew Arnold
Maurice Shock
Sir Maurice Shock (15 April 1926 – 7 July 2018) was a British university administrator and educationalist.
See Liberalism and Maurice Shock
McGraw Hill Education
McGraw Hill is an American publishing company for educational content, software, and services for pre-K through postgraduate education.
See Liberalism and McGraw Hill Education
Medicaid
In the United States, Medicaid is a government program that provides health insurance for adults and children with limited income and resources.
Medicare (United States)
Medicare is a federal health insurance program in the United States for people age 65 or older and younger people with disabilities, including those with end stage renal disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease).
See Liberalism and Medicare (United States)
Meliorism
Meliorism (Latin melior, better) is the idea that progress is a real concept and that humans can interfere with natural processes in order to improve the world.
Mercantilism
Mercantilism is a nationalist economic policy that is designed to maximize the exports and minimize the imports for an economy.
See Liberalism and Mercantilism
Metric system
The metric system is a decimal-based system of measurement.
See Liberalism and Metric system
Metropolitan Police
The Metropolitan Police Service (MPS), formerly known as the Metropolitan Police, which is still its common name, serves as the territorial police force responsible for law enforcement and crime prevention within Greater London.
See Liberalism and Metropolitan Police
Michael Freeden
Michael Freeden is a Professor at the Department of Politics and International Studies at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.
See Liberalism and Michael Freeden
Middle East
The Middle East (term originally coined in English Translations of this term in some of the region's major languages include: translit; translit; translit; script; translit; اوْرتاشرق; Orta Doğu.) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq.
See Liberalism and Middle East
Minority rights
Minority rights are the normal individual rights as applied to members of racial, ethnic, class, religious, linguistic or gender and sexual minorities, and also the collective rights accorded to any minority group.
See Liberalism and Minority rights
Mises Institute
The Ludwig von Mises Institute for Austrian Economics, or Mises Institute, is a nonprofit think tank headquartered in Auburn, Alabama, that is a center for Austrian economics, radical right-wing libertarian thought and the paleolibertarian and anarcho-capitalist movements in the United States.
See Liberalism and Mises Institute
Mixed economy
A mixed economy is an economic system that accepts both private businesses and nationalized government services, like public utilities, safety, military, welfare, and education.
See Liberalism and Mixed economy
Modern era
The modern era or the modern period is considered the current historical period of human history.
Modern liberalism in the United States
Modern liberalism in the United States is based on the combined ideas of civil liberty and equality with support for social justice.
See Liberalism and Modern liberalism in the United States
Modernity
Modernity, a topic in the humanities and social sciences, is both a historical period (the modern era) and the ensemble of particular socio-cultural norms, attitudes and practices that arose in the wake of the Renaissancein the Age of Reason of 17th-century thought and the 18th-century Enlightenment.
Mohammad Mosaddegh
Mohammad Mosaddegh (محمد مصدق,; 16 June 1882 – 5 March 1967) was an Iranian politician, author, and lawyer who served as the 30th Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953, elected by the 16th Majlis.
See Liberalism and Mohammad Mosaddegh
Monarchies in Europe
In the European history, monarchy was the prevalent form of government throughout the Middle Ages, only occasionally competing with communalism, notably in the case of the maritime republics and the Swiss Confederacy.
See Liberalism and Monarchies in Europe
Money
Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts, such as taxes, in a particular country or socio-economic context.
Monopoly
A monopoly (from Greek label and label), as described by Irving Fisher, is a market with the "absence of competition", creating a situation where a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular thing.
Montesquieu
Charles Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu (18 January 168910 February 1755), generally referred to as simply Montesquieu, was a French judge, man of letters, historian, and political philosopher.
See Liberalism and Montesquieu
Moral character
Moral character or character (derived from) is an analysis of an individual's steady moral qualities.
See Liberalism and Moral character
Morality
Morality is the categorization of intentions, decisions and actions into those that are proper (right) and those that are improper (wrong).
Motivation
Motivation is an internal state that propels individuals to engage in goal-directed behavior.
Movement conservatism
Movement conservatism is a term used by political analysts to describe conservatives in the United States since the mid-20th century and the New Right.
See Liberalism and Movement conservatism
Much Ado About Nothing
Much Ado About Nothing is a comedy by William Shakespeare thought to have been written in 1598 and 1599.
See Liberalism and Much Ado About Nothing
Muhammad Mandur
Muhammad Mandur (1907–1965) was an Egyptian literary critic.
See Liberalism and Muhammad Mandur
Multiplier (economics)
In macroeconomics, a multiplier is a factor of proportionality that measures how much an endogenous variable changes in response to a change in some exogenous variable.
See Liberalism and Multiplier (economics)
Murray Rothbard
Murray Newton Rothbard (March 2, 1926 – January 7, 1995) was an American economist of the Austrian School,Ronald Hamowy, ed., 2008,, Cato Institute, Sage,, p. 62: "a leading economist of the Austrian school"; pp.
See Liberalism and Murray Rothbard
Muscular liberalism
Muscular liberalism is a form of liberalism advocated by former British Prime Minister David Cameron that describes his policy towards state multiculturalism.
See Liberalism and Muscular liberalism
Muslims
Muslims (God) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition.
Nahda
The Nahda (translit, meaning "the Awakening"), also referred to as the Arab Awakening or Enlightenment, was a cultural movement that flourished in Arab-populated regions of the Ottoman Empire, notably in Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, and Tunisia, during the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century.
Namık Kemal
Namık Kemal (translit,; 21 December 1840 – 2 December 1888) was an Ottoman writer, poet, democrat, intellectual, reformer, journalist, playwright, and political activist who was influential in the formation of the Young Ottomans and their struggle for governmental reform in the Ottoman Empire during the late Tanzimat period, which would lead to the First Constitutional Era in the Empire in 1876.
See Liberalism and Namık Kemal
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of successful campaigns across Europe during the Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815.
Napoleonic Code
The Napoleonic Code, officially the Civil Code of the French (simply referred to as Code civil), is the French civil code established during the French Consulate in 1804 and still in force in France, although heavily and frequently amended since its inception.
See Liberalism and Napoleonic Code
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of conflicts fought between the First French Empire under Napoleon Bonaparte (1804–1815) and a fluctuating array of European coalitions.
See Liberalism and Napoleonic Wars
National Front (Iran)
The National Front of Iran (Jebhe-ye Melli-ye Irân) is an opposition political organization in Iran.
See Liberalism and National Front (Iran)
Nationalism
Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state.
See Liberalism and Nationalism
Natural rights and legal rights
Some philosophers distinguish two types of rights, natural rights and legal rights. Liberalism and natural rights and legal rights are human rights concepts.
See Liberalism and Natural rights and legal rights
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.
See Liberalism and Nazi Germany
Necessity and sufficiency
In logic and mathematics, necessity and sufficiency are terms used to describe a conditional or implicational relationship between two statements.
See Liberalism and Necessity and sufficiency
Negative liberty
Negative liberty is freedom from interference by other people. Liberalism and Negative liberty are human rights concepts.
See Liberalism and Negative liberty
Neoclassical economics
Neoclassical economics is an approach to economics in which the production, consumption, and valuation (pricing) of goods and services are observed as driven by the supply and demand model.
See Liberalism and Neoclassical economics
Neoliberalism
Neoliberalism, also neo-liberalism, is both a political philosophy and a term used to signify the late-20th-century political reappearance of 19th-century ideas associated with free-market capitalism.
See Liberalism and Neoliberalism
New Deal
The New Deal was a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1938 to rescue the U.S. from the Great Depression.
New Deal coalition
The New Deal coalition was an American political coalition that supported the Democratic Party beginning in 1932.
See Liberalism and New Deal coalition
Nicholas II
Nicholas II (Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov; 186817 July 1918) or Nikolai II was the last reigning Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland from 1 November 1894 until his abdication on 15 March 1917.
See Liberalism and Nicholas II
Nihilism
Nihilism is a family of views within philosophy that rejects generally accepted or fundamental aspects of human existence, such as knowledge, morality, or meaning.
No taxation without representation
"No taxation without representation" (often shortened to "taxation without representation") is a political slogan that originated in the American Revolution and which expressed one of the primary grievances of the American colonists for Great Britain.
See Liberalism and No taxation without representation
Nobility
Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy.
Nominal rigidity
In economics, nominal rigidity, also known as price-stickiness or wage-stickiness, is a situation in which a nominal price is resistant to change.
See Liberalism and Nominal rigidity
Non-aggression principle
The non-aggression principle (NAP), also called the non-aggression axiom, is the legal or moral rule that states that for every person, all ways of action with their property except aggression are permitted (also called good), where aggression is defined as the initiation of forceful action, and where forceful action is defined as 'the application or threat of' 'physical interference (property breach) or fraud (contract breach)', any of which without consent.
See Liberalism and Non-aggression principle
Norberto Bobbio
Norberto Bobbio (18 October 1909 – 9 January 2004) was an Italian philosopher of law and political sciences and a historian of political thought.
See Liberalism and Norberto Bobbio
Occupational sexism
Occupational sexism (also called sexism in the workplace and employment sexism) is discrimination based on a person's sex that occurs in a place of employment.
See Liberalism and Occupational sexism
Old Liberals
The Old Liberals (''German'': Altliberale) were 19th-century liberals who, after 1849, stood in the tradition of the moderate, constitutional liberalism of the Vormärz and the revolution of 1848/49.
See Liberalism and Old Liberals
Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell (25 April 15993 September 1658) was an English statesman, politician, and soldier, widely regarded as one of the most important figures in the history of the British Isles.
See Liberalism and Oliver Cromwell
On Liberty
On Liberty is an essay published in 1859 by the English philosopher John Stuart Mill.
Open market
The term open market is used generally to refer to an economic situation close to free trade.
See Liberalism and Open market
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Liberalism and Oxford University Press
Palgrave Macmillan
Palgrave Macmillan is a British academic and trade publishing company headquartered in the London Borough of Camden.
See Liberalism and Palgrave Macmillan
Pan-Arabism
Pan-Arabism (al-wiḥda al-ʿarabīyyah) is a pan-nationalist ideology that espouses the unification of all Arab people in a single nation-state, consisting of all Arab countries of West Asia and North Africa from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, which is referred to as the Arab world.
See Liberalism and Pan-Arabism
Paradigm shift
A paradigm shift is a fundamental change in the basic concepts and experimental practices of a scientific discipline.
See Liberalism and Paradigm shift
Parliament
In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government.
Parliamentary sovereignty
Parliamentary sovereignty, also called parliamentary supremacy or legislative supremacy, is a concept in the constitutional law of some parliamentary democracies. Liberalism and parliamentary sovereignty are political science terminology.
See Liberalism and Parliamentary sovereignty
Patrick Deneen (political theorist)
Patrick J. Deneen (born 1964) is an American political theorist and author, known for his critical examination of liberalism and its impact on contemporary society.
See Liberalism and Patrick Deneen (political theorist)
Paul Émile de Puydt
Paul Émile de Puydt (6 March 1810 – 20 May 1891), a writer whose contributions included work in botany and economics, was born and died in Mons, Belgium.
See Liberalism and Paul Émile de Puydt
Penguin Books
Penguin Books Limited is a British publishing house.
See Liberalism and Penguin Books
Perfectionism (philosophy)
In ethics and value theory, perfectionism is the persistence of will in obtaining the optimal quality of spiritual, mental, physical, and material being.
See Liberalism and Perfectionism (philosophy)
Pericles
Pericles (Περικλῆς; – 429 BC) was a Greek politician and general during the Golden Age of Athens.
Persian Constitutional Revolution
The Persian Constitutional Revolution (Mashrūtiyyat, or انقلاب مشروطه Enghelāb-e Mashrūteh), also known as the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, took place between 1905 and 1911 during the Qajar dynasty.
See Liberalism and Persian Constitutional Revolution
Philosophy and economics
Philosophy and economics studies topics such as public economics, behavioural economics, rationality, justice, history of economic thought, rational choice, the appraisal of economic outcomes, institutions and processes, the status of highly idealized economic models, the ontology of economic phenomena and the possibilities of acquiring knowledge of them.
See Liberalism and Philosophy and economics
Piero Gobetti
Piero Gobetti (19 June 1901 – 15 February 1926) was an Italian journalist, intellectual, and anti-fascist.
See Liberalism and Piero Gobetti
Pluralism (political philosophy)
Pluralism as a political philosophy is the diversity within a political body, which is seen to permit the peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions, and lifestyles.
See Liberalism and Pluralism (political philosophy)
Political colour
Political colours are colours used to represent a political ideology, movement or party, either officially or unofficially.
See Liberalism and Political colour
Political egalitarianism
Political egalitarianism describes an inclusive and fair allocation of political power or influence, fair processes, and fair treatment of all regardless of characteristics like race, religion, age, wealth or intelligence. Liberalism and political egalitarianism are egalitarianism.
See Liberalism and Political egalitarianism
Political freedom
Political freedom (also known as political autonomy or political agency) is a central concept in history and political thought and one of the most important features of democratic societies.
See Liberalism and Political freedom
Political movement
A political movement is a collective attempt by a group of people to change government policy or social values.
See Liberalism and Political movement
Political philosophy
Political philosophy or political theory is the philosophical study of government, addressing questions about the nature, scope, and legitimacy of public agents and institutions and the relationships between them.
See Liberalism and Political philosophy
Poor Relief Act 1662
The Poor Relief Act 1662 (14 Cha. 2. c. 12) was an Act of the Cavalier Parliament of England.
See Liberalism and Poor Relief Act 1662
Pope Pius IX
Pope Pius IX (Pio IX, Pio Nono; born Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti; 13 May 1792 – 7 February 1878) was head of the Catholic Church from 1846 to 1878.
See Liberalism and Pope Pius IX
Popular sovereignty
Popular sovereignty is the principle that the leaders of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, who are the source of all political legitimacy.
See Liberalism and Popular sovereignty
Positive liberty
Positive liberty is the possession of the power and resources to act in the context of the structural limitations of the broader society which impacts a person's ability to act, as opposed to negative liberty, which is freedom from external restraint on one's actions. Liberalism and Positive liberty are human rights concepts.
See Liberalism and Positive liberty
Positivism
Positivism is a philosophical school that holds that all genuine knowledge is either true by definition or positive—meaning ''a posteriori'' facts derived by reason and logic from sensory experience.
Post-war consensus
The post-war consensus, sometimes called the post-war compromise, was the economic order and social model of which the major political parties in post-war Britain shared a consensus supporting view, from the end of World War II in 1945 to the late-1970s.
See Liberalism and Post-war consensus
Poverty reduction
Poverty reduction, poverty relief, or poverty alleviation is a set of measures, both economic and humanitarian, that are intended to permanently lift people out of poverty.
See Liberalism and Poverty reduction
Power (social and political)
In political science, power is the social production of an effect that determines the capacities, actions, beliefs, or conduct of actors. Liberalism and power (social and political) are social theories.
See Liberalism and Power (social and political)
Presbyterianism
Presbyterianism is a Reformed (Calvinist) Protestant tradition named for its form of church government by representative assemblies of elders.
See Liberalism and Presbyterianism
President of the United States
The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America.
See Liberalism and President of the United States
Price
A price is the (usually not negative) quantity of payment or compensation expected, required, or given by one party to another in return for goods or services.
Pricing
Pricing is the process whereby a business sets the price at which it will sell its products and services, and may be part of the business's marketing plan.
Prime Minister of Iran
The prime minister of Iran was a political post that had existed in Iran (Persia) during much of the 20th century.
See Liberalism and Prime Minister of Iran
Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
See Liberalism and Princeton University Press
Prison reform
Prison reform is the attempt to improve conditions inside prisons, improve the effectiveness of a penal system, reduce recidivism or implement alternatives to incarceration.
See Liberalism and Prison reform
Private property
Private property is a legal designation for the ownership of property by non-governmental legal entities.
See Liberalism and Private property
Privatization
Privatization (rendered privatisation in British English) can mean several different things, most commonly referring to moving something from the public sector into the private sector.
See Liberalism and Privatization
Progressive tax
A progressive tax is a tax in which the tax rate increases as the taxable amount increases.
See Liberalism and Progressive tax
Property law
Property law is the area of law that governs the various forms of ownership in real property (land) and personal property.
See Liberalism and Property law
Proxy war
In political science, a proxy war is as an armed conflict fought between two belligerents, wherein one belligerent is a non-state actor supported by an external third-party power.
Public policy
Public policy is an institutionalized proposal or a decided set of elements like laws, regulations, guidelines, and actions to solve or address relevant and real-world problems, guided by a conception and often implemented by programs.
See Liberalism and Public policy
Public property
Public property is property that is dedicated to public use.
See Liberalism and Public property
Public works
Public works are a broad category of infrastructure projects, financed and procured by a government body for recreational, employment, and health and safety uses in the greater community.
See Liberalism and Public works
Puritans
The Puritans were English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to rid the Church of England of what they considered to be Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed and should become more Protestant.
Quakers
Quakers are people who belong to the Religious Society of Friends, a historically Protestant Christian set of denominations.
R. H. Tawney
Richard Henry Tawney (30 November 1880 – 16 January 1962) was an English economic historian, social critic, ethical socialist,Noel W. Thompson.
See Liberalism and R. H. Tawney
Ralph Raico
Ralph Raico (October 23, 1936 – December 13, 2016) was an American libertarian historian of European liberalism and a professor of history at Buffalo State College.
See Liberalism and Ralph Raico
Random House
Random House is an imprint and publishing group of Penguin Random House.
See Liberalism and Random House
Rationalism
In philosophy, rationalism is the epistemological view that "regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge" or "any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification",Lacey, A.R. (1996), A Dictionary of Philosophy, 1st edition, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1976.
See Liberalism and Rationalism
Rationality
Rationality is the quality of being guided by or based on reason.
See Liberalism and Rationality
Recession
In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction that occurs when there is a general decline in economic activity.
Religious tolerance
Religious tolerance or religious toleration may signify "no more than forbearance and the permission given by the adherents of a dominant religion for other religions to exist, even though the latter are looked on with disapproval as inferior, mistaken, or harmful".
See Liberalism and Religious tolerance
Religious uniformity
Religious uniformity occurs when government is used to promote one state religion, denomination, or philosophy to the exclusion of all other religious beliefs.
See Liberalism and Religious uniformity
Religious violence
Religious violence covers phenomena in which religion is either the subject or the object of violent behavior.
See Liberalism and Religious violence
Representative democracy
Representative democracy (also called electoral democracy or indirect democracy) is a type of democracy where representatives are elected by the public.
See Liberalism and Representative democracy
Republicanism
Republicanism is a Western political ideology that encompasses a range of ideas from civic virtue, political participation, harms of corruption, positives of mixed constitution, rule of law, and others.
See Liberalism and Republicanism
Republicanism in the United States
The values and ideals of republicanism are foundational in the constitution and history of the United States.
See Liberalism and Republicanism in the United States
Revolution
In political science, a revolution (revolutio, 'a turn around') is a rapid, fundamental transformation of a society's state, class, ethnic or religious structures.
Revolutions of 1989
The Revolutions of 1989, also known as the Fall of Communism, were a revolutionary wave of liberal democracy movements that resulted in the collapse of most Marxist–Leninist governments in the Eastern Bloc and other parts of the world.
See Liberalism and Revolutions of 1989
Richard Cobden
Richard Cobden (3 June 1804 – 2 April 1865) was an English Radical and Liberal politician, manufacturer, and a campaigner for free trade and peace.
See Liberalism and Richard Cobden
Richard Price
Richard Price (23 February 1723 – 19 April 1791) was a Welsh moral philosopher, Nonconformist minister and mathematician.
See Liberalism and Richard Price
Rifa'a at-Tahtawi
Rifa'a Rafi' at-Tahtawi (translit; 1801–1873) was an Egyptian writer, teacher, translator, Egyptologist, and intellectual of the Nahda (the Arab renaissance).
See Liberalism and Rifa'a at-Tahtawi
Right of revolution
In political philosophy, the right of revolution (or right of rebellion) is the right or duty of a people to "alter or abolish" a government that acts against their common interests or threatens the safety of the people without justifiable cause.
See Liberalism and Right of revolution
Right to privacy
The right to privacy is an element of various legal traditions that intends to restrain governmental and private actions that threaten the privacy of individuals.
See Liberalism and Right to privacy
Right to property
The right to property, or the right to own property (cf. ownership), is often classified as a human right for natural persons regarding their possessions.
See Liberalism and Right to property
Rights
Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory.
Robert Filmer
Sir Robert Filmer (c. 1588 – 26 May 1653) was an English political theorist who defended the divine right of kings.
See Liberalism and Robert Filmer
Robert Nozick
Robert Nozick (November 16, 1938 – January 23, 2002) was an American philosopher.
See Liberalism and Robert Nozick
Robert Peel
Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet (5 February 1788 – 2 July 1850), was a British Conservative statesman who twice was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1834–1835, 1841–1846), and simultaneously was Chancellor of the Exchequer (1834–1835).
See Liberalism and Robert Peel
Robert Roswell Palmer
Robert Roswell Palmer (January 11, 1909 – June 11, 2002) was an American historian at Princeton and Yale universities, who specialized in eighteenth-century France.
See Liberalism and Robert Roswell Palmer
Robert Skidelsky
Robert Jacob Alexander Skidelsky, Baron Skidelsky, (born 25 April 1939) is a British economic historian.
See Liberalism and Robert Skidelsky
Romanticism
Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era) was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century.
See Liberalism and Romanticism
Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989.
See Liberalism and Ronald Reagan
Root (linguistics)
A root (or root word or radical) is the core of a word that is irreducible into more meaningful elements.
See Liberalism and Root (linguistics)
Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
Rowman & Littlefield
Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group is an American independent academic publishing company founded in 1949.
See Liberalism and Rowman & Littlefield
Roy Harrod
Sir Henry Roy Forbes Harrod (13 February 1900 – 8 March 1978) was an English economist.
Rule according to higher law
The rule according to a higher law is a statement which expresses that no law may be enforced by the government unless it conforms with certain universal principles (written or unwritten) of fairness, morality, and justice.
See Liberalism and Rule according to higher law
Rule of law
The rule of law is a political ideal that all citizens and institutions within a country, state, or community are accountable to the same laws, including lawmakers and leaders.
See Liberalism and Rule of law
Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution was a period of political and social change in Russia, starting in 1917.
See Liberalism and Russian Revolution
Sage Publishing
Sage Publishing, formerly SAGE Publications, is an American independent academic publishing company, founded in 1965 in New York City by Sara Miller McCune and now based in the Newbury Park neighborhood of Thousand Oaks, California.
See Liberalism and Sage Publishing
Salary
A salary is a form of periodic payment from an employer to an employee, which may be specified in an employment contract.
Salon (gathering)
A salon is a gathering of people held by a host.
See Liberalism and Salon (gathering)
Samir Amin
Samir Amin (سمير أمين) (3 September 1931 – 12 August 2018) was an Egyptian-French Marxian economist, political scientist and world-systems analyst.
Say's law
In classical economics, Say's law, or the law of markets, is the claim that the production of a product creates demand for another product by providing something of value which can be exchanged for that other product.
Say's Political Economy
A Treatise on Political Economy; or The Production, Distribution, and Consumption of Wealth (in English), known as Traité d'économie politique in French, is an industrial economics book written by Jean-Baptiste Say.
See Liberalism and Say's Political Economy
Second Constitutional Era
The Second Constitutional Era (ایكنجی مشروطیت دورى; İkinci Meşrutiyet Devri) was the period of restored parliamentary rule in the Ottoman Empire between the 1908 Young Turk Revolution and the 1920 dissolution of the General Assembly, during the empire's twilight years.
See Liberalism and Second Constitutional Era
Secularism
Secularism is the principle of seeking to conduct human affairs based on naturalistic considerations, uninvolved with religion.
Self-determination
Self-determination refers to a people's right to form its own political entity, and internal self-determination is the right to representative government with full suffrage.
See Liberalism and Self-determination
Self-interest
Self-interest generally refers to a focus on the needs or desires (interests) of one's self.
See Liberalism and Self-interest
Self-made man
A self-made man, is a person whose success is of their own making.
See Liberalism and Self-made man
Self-ownership
Self-ownership is the concept of property in one's own body, often expressed as the moral or natural right of a person to have bodily integrity meaning the exclusive right to control one's own body including one's life, where 'control' means exerting any physical interference and 'exclusive' means having the right to install and enforce a ban on other people doing this.
See Liberalism and Self-ownership
Self-preservation
Self-preservation is a behavior or set of behaviors that ensures the survival of an organism.
See Liberalism and Self-preservation
Separation of church and state
The separation of church and state is a philosophical and jurisprudential concept for defining political distance in the relationship between religious organizations and the state.
See Liberalism and Separation of church and state
Separation of powers
The separation of powers principle functionally differentiates several types of state power (usually law-making, adjudication, and execution) and requires these operations of government to be conceptually and institutionally distinguishable and articulated, thereby maintaining the integrity of each. Liberalism and separation of powers are political science terminology.
See Liberalism and Separation of powers
Seven Years' War
The Seven Years' War (1756–1763) was a global conflict involving most of the European great powers, fought primarily in Europe and the Americas.
See Liberalism and Seven Years' War
Sexism
Sexism is prejudice or discrimination based on one's sex or gender.
Sexism in academia
Sexism in academia refers to the discrimination and subordination of a particular sex or gender academic institutions, particularly universities, due to the ideologies, practices, and reinforcements that privilege one sex or gender over another.
See Liberalism and Sexism in academia
Silvio Gesell
Johann Silvio Gesell (17 March 1862 – 11 March 1930) was a German-Argentine economist, merchant, and the founder of Freiwirtschaft, an economic model for market socialism.
See Liberalism and Silvio Gesell
Social contract
In moral and political philosophy, the social contract is an idea, theory or model that usually, although not always, concerns the legitimacy of the authority of the state over the individual. Liberalism and social contract are social theories.
See Liberalism and Social contract
Social control
Social control is the regulations, sanctions, mechanisms, and systems that restrict the behaviour of individuals in accordance with social norms and orders. Liberalism and social control are political science terminology.
See Liberalism and Social control
Social democracy
Social democracy is a political, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports political and economic democracy and supports a gradualist, reformist and democratic approach towards achieving socialism.
See Liberalism and Social democracy
Social equality
Social equality is a state of affairs in which all individuals within society have equal rights, liberties, and status, possibly including civil rights, freedom of expression, autonomy, and equal access to certain public goods and social services. Liberalism and social equality are egalitarianism.
See Liberalism and Social equality
Social liberalism
The logotype "Quaerite Libertatem et Altruismum" (Latin: as a transnational and neutral language) means "Seek Freedom and Altruism!". Liberalism and Social liberalism are political culture.
See Liberalism and Social liberalism
Social norm
Social norms are shared standards of acceptable behavior by groups.
See Liberalism and Social norm
Social order
The term social order can be used in two senses: In the first sense, it refers to a particular system of social structures and institutions.
See Liberalism and Social order
Social organization
In sociology, a social organization is a pattern of relationships between and among individuals and groups.
See Liberalism and Social organization
Social Psychology Quarterly
Social Psychology Quarterly is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes theoretical and empirical papers in the field of social psychology.
See Liberalism and Social Psychology Quarterly
Social services
Social services are a range of public services intended to provide support and assistance towards particular groups, which commonly include the disadvantaged.
See Liberalism and Social services
Social theory
Social theories are analytical frameworks, or paradigms, that are used to study and interpret social phenomena. Liberalism and social theory are social theories.
See Liberalism and Social theory
Socialism
Socialism is an economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership. Liberalism and Socialism are political culture.
Society
A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.
Sophist
A sophist (sophistēs) was a teacher in ancient Greece in the fifth and fourth centuries BCE.
Southern United States
The Southern United States, sometimes Dixie, also referred to as the Southern States, the American South, the Southland, Dixieland, or simply the South, is a geographic and cultural region of the United States.
See Liberalism and Southern United States
Sovereignty
Sovereignty can generally be defined as supreme authority.
See Liberalism and Sovereignty
Spanish American wars of independence
The Spanish American wars of independence (Guerras de independencia hispanoamericanas) took place throughout Spanish America during the early 19th century, with the aim of political independence from Spanish rule.
See Liberalism and Spanish American wars of independence
Spanish Constitution of 1812
The Political Constitution of the Spanish Monarchy (Constitución Política de la Monarquía Española), also known as the Constitution of Cádiz (Constitución de Cádiz) and as La Pepa, was the first Constitution of Spain and one of the earliest codified constitutions in world history.
See Liberalism and Spanish Constitution of 1812
Spanish Inquisition
The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition (Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición), commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition (Inquisición española), was established in 1478 by the Catholic Monarchs, King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile.
See Liberalism and Spanish Inquisition
Spontaneous order
Spontaneous order, also named self-organization in the hard sciences, is the spontaneous emergence of order out of seeming chaos.
See Liberalism and Spontaneous order
Spring and Autumn period
The Spring and Autumn period in Chinese history lasted approximately from 770 to 481 BCE which corresponds roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou period.
See Liberalism and Spring and Autumn period
St. Martin's Press
St.
See Liberalism and St. Martin's Press
State (polity)
A state is a political entity that regulates society and the population within a territory. Liberalism and state (polity) are political science terminology.
See Liberalism and State (polity)
State of nature
In ethics, political philosophy, social contract theory, religion, and international law, the term state of nature describes the hypothetical way of life that existed before humans organised themselves into societies or civilizations.
See Liberalism and State of nature
State religion
A state religion (also called official religion) is a religion or creed officially endorsed by a sovereign state.
See Liberalism and State religion
Statute
A statute is a formal written enactment of a legislative body, a stage in the process of legislation.
Steven Pincus
Steven Pincus is the Thomas E. Donnelly Professor of British History at the University of Chicago, where he specializes in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century British and European history.
See Liberalism and Steven Pincus
Steven Pinker
Steven Arthur Pinker (born September 18, 1954) is a Canadian-American cognitive psychologist, psycholinguist, popular science author, and public intellectual.
See Liberalism and Steven Pinker
Suffrage
Suffrage, political franchise, or simply franchise is the right to vote in public, political elections and referendums (although the term is sometimes used for any right to vote).
Supernatural
Supernatural refers to phenomena or entities that are beyond the laws of nature.
See Liberalism and Supernatural
Supply and demand
In microeconomics, supply and demand is an economic model of price determination in a market.
See Liberalism and Supply and demand
Supply creates its own demand
"Supply creates its own demand" is the formulation of Say's law.
See Liberalism and Supply creates its own demand
Suppression of the Society of Jesus
The suppression of the Society of Jesus was the removal of all members of the Jesuits from most of Western Europe and their respective colonies beginning in 1759 along with the abolition of the order by the Holy See in 1773; the papacy acceded to said anti-Jesuit demands without much resistance.
See Liberalism and Suppression of the Society of Jesus
Syllabus of Errors
The Syllabus of Errors is the name given to a document issued by the Holy See under Pope Pius IX on 8 December 1864, as an appendix to his encyclical letter Quanta cura.
See Liberalism and Syllabus of Errors
T. H. Green
Thomas Hill Green (7 April 183626 March 1882), known as T. H.
See Liberalism and T. H. Green
Taha Hussein
Taha Hussein (طه حسين; November 15, 1889 – October 28, 1973) was among the most influential 20th-century Egyptian writers and intellectuals, and a leading figure of the Arab Renaissance and the modernist movement in the Arab world.
See Liberalism and Taha Hussein
Tanzimat
The (lit, see nizam) was a period of reform in the Ottoman Empire that began with the Gülhane Hatt-ı Şerif in 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876.
Taoism
Taoism or Daoism is a diverse philosophical and religious tradition indigenous to China, emphasizing harmony with the Tao—generally understood as an impersonal, enigmatic process of transformation ultimately underlying reality.
Tawfiq al-Hakim
Tawfiq al-Hakim or Tawfik el-Hakim (توفيق الحكيم,; October 9, 1898 – July 26, 1987) was a prominent Egyptian writer and visionary.
See Liberalism and Tawfiq al-Hakim
Tax
A tax is a mandatory financial charge or some other type of levy imposed on a taxpayer (an individual or legal entity) by a governmental organization to collectively fund government spending, public expenditures, or as a way to regulate and reduce negative externalities.
Taylor & Francis
Taylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in England that publishes books and academic journals.
See Liberalism and Taylor & Francis
The American Prospect
The American Prospect is a daily online and bimonthly print American political and public policy magazine dedicated to American modern liberalism and progressivism.
See Liberalism and The American Prospect
The Economist
The Economist is a British weekly newspaper published in printed magazine format and digitally.
See Liberalism and The Economist
The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money
The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money is a book by English economist John Maynard Keynes published in February 1936.
See Liberalism and The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money
The Liberal
The Liberal was a London-based magazine "dedicated to promoting liberalism around the world", which ran in print from 2004 to 2009 and online until 2012.
See Liberalism and The Liberal
The New Yorker
The New Yorker is an American magazine featuring journalism, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry.
See Liberalism and The New Yorker
The Orange Book
The Orange Book: Reclaiming Liberalism is a book written by a group of prominent British Liberal Democrat politicians and edited by David Laws and Paul Marshall in 2004.
See Liberalism and The Orange Book
The personal is political
The personal is political, also termed The private is political, is a political argument used as a rallying slogan by student activist movements and second-wave feminism from the late 1960s.
See Liberalism and The personal is political
The Quarterly Review of Biology
The Quarterly Review of Biology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of biology.
See Liberalism and The Quarterly Review of Biology
The Road to Serfdom
The Road to Serfdom (German: Der Weg zur Knechtschaft) is a book by the Austrian-British economist and philosopher Friedrich Hayek.
See Liberalism and The Road to Serfdom
The Subjection of Women
The Subjection of Women is an essay by English philosopher, political economist and civil servant John Stuart Mill published in 1869, with ideas he developed jointly with his wife Harriet Taylor Mill.
See Liberalism and The Subjection of Women
The Wealth of Nations
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, generally referred to by its shortened title The Wealth of Nations, is the ''magnum opus'' of the Scottish economist and moral philosopher Adam Smith (1723–1790).
See Liberalism and The Wealth of Nations
Thirteen Colonies
The Thirteen Colonies were a group of British colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America during the 17th and 18th centuries.
See Liberalism and Thirteen Colonies
Thomas Carlyle
Thomas Carlyle (4 December 17955 February 1881) was a Scottish essayist, historian, and philosopher from the Scottish Lowlands.
See Liberalism and Thomas Carlyle
Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes (5 April 1588 – 4 December 1679) was an English philosopher.
See Liberalism and Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Paine
Thomas Paine (born Thomas Pain; – In the contemporary record as noted by Conway, Paine's birth date is given as January 29, 1736–37. Common practice was to use a dash or a slash to separate the old-style year from the new-style year. In the old calendar, the new year began on March 25, not January 1.
See Liberalism and Thomas Paine
Thomas Robert Malthus
Thomas Robert Malthus (13/14 February 1766 – 29 December 1834) was an English economist, cleric, and scholar influential in the fields of political economy and demography.
See Liberalism and Thomas Robert Malthus
Toleration
Toleration is when one allows, permits, an action, idea, object, or person that one dislikes or disagrees with.
Tort
A tort is a civil wrong that causes a claimant to suffer loss or harm, resulting in legal liability for the person who commits the tortious act.
Trade barrier
Trade barriers are government-induced restrictions on international trade.
See Liberalism and Trade barrier
Trade preference
A trade preference is a preference by one country for buying goods from some other country more than from other countries.
See Liberalism and Trade preference
Trade union
A trade union (British English) or labor union (American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers whose purpose is to maintain or improve the conditions of their employment, such as attaining better wages and benefits, improving working conditions, improving safety standards, establishing complaint procedures, developing rules governing status of employees (rules governing promotions, just-cause conditions for termination) and protecting and increasing the bargaining power of workers.
See Liberalism and Trade union
Traditionalist conservatism
Traditionalist conservatism, often known as classical conservatism, is a political and social philosophy that emphasizes the importance of transcendent moral principles, manifested through certain posited natural laws to which it is claimed society should adhere.
See Liberalism and Traditionalist conservatism
Trienio Liberal
The Trienio Liberal or Three Liberal Years was a period of three years in the modern history of Spain between 1820 and 1823, when a liberal government ruled Spain after a military uprising in January 1820 by the lieutenant-colonel Rafael de Riego against the absolutist rule of Ferdinand VII.
See Liberalism and Trienio Liberal
Two Treatises of Government
Two Treatises of Government (full title: Two Treatises of Government: In the Former, The False Principles, and Foundation of Sir Robert Filmer, and His Followers, Are Detected and Overthrown. The Latter Is an Essay Concerning The True Original, Extent, and End of Civil Government) is a work of political philosophy published anonymously in 1689 by John Locke.
See Liberalism and Two Treatises of Government
Tyranny of the majority
The tyranny of the majority (or tyranny of the masses) is an inherent weakness to majority rule in which the majority of an electorate pursues exclusively its own objectives at the expense of those of the minority factions.
See Liberalism and Tyranny of the majority
Tyrant
A tyrant, in the modern English usage of the word, is an absolute ruler who is unrestrained by law, or one who has usurped a legitimate ruler's sovereignty.
United States
The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.
See Liberalism and United States
United States Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence, formally titled The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen States of America in both the engrossed version and the original printing, is the founding document of the United States.
See Liberalism and United States Declaration of Independence
Universal access to education
Universal access to education is the ability of all people to have equal opportunity in education, regardless of their social class, race, gender, sexuality, ethnic background or physical and mental disabilities.
See Liberalism and Universal access to education
Universal suffrage
Universal suffrage or universal franchise ensures the right to vote for as many people bound by a government's laws as possible, as supported by the "one person, one vote" principle.
See Liberalism and Universal suffrage
Universalism
Universalism is the philosophical and theological concept that some ideas have universal application or applicability.
See Liberalism and Universalism
University of California Press
The University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing.
See Liberalism and University of California Press
University of Edinburgh
The University of Edinburgh (University o Edinburgh, Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann; abbreviated as Edin. in post-nominals) is a public research university based in Edinburgh, Scotland.
See Liberalism and University of Edinburgh
University of Michigan Press
The University of Michigan Press is a new university press (NUP) that is a part of Michigan Publishing at the University of Michigan Library.
See Liberalism and University of Michigan Press
University Press of America
University Press of America was an academic imprint of the Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group that specialized in the publication of scholarly works.
See Liberalism and University Press of America
Urbanization
Urbanization (or urbanisation in British English) is the population shift from rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change.
See Liberalism and Urbanization
Utilitarianism
In ethical philosophy, utilitarianism is a family of normative ethical theories that prescribe actions that maximize happiness and well-being for the affected individuals.
See Liberalism and Utilitarianism
Victorian era
In the history of the United Kingdom and the British Empire, the Victorian era was the reign of Queen Victoria, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901.
See Liberalism and Victorian era
Victorian literature
Victorian literature is English literature during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837–1901).
See Liberalism and Victorian literature
Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist.
See Liberalism and Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Putin
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who is the president of Russia.
See Liberalism and Vladimir Putin
Voltaire
François-Marie Arouet (21 November 169430 May 1778), known by his nom de plume M. de Voltaire (also), was a French Enlightenment writer, philosopher (philosophe), satirist, and historian.
Voltaire Foundation
The Voltaire Foundation is a research department of the University of Oxford, founded by Theodore Besterman in the 1970s.
See Liberalism and Voltaire Foundation
Voluntary society
A voluntary society, voluntary community or voluntary city is a term used in right-libertarianism to describe an entity in which all property (including streets, parks, etc.) and all services (including courts, police, etc.) are provided through what the proponents of the term call "voluntary means" and in which they include private or cooperative ownership.
See Liberalism and Voluntary society
Voting
Voting is a method by which a group, such as a meeting or an electorate, convenes together for the purpose of making a collective decision or expressing an opinion usually following discussions, debates or election campaigns.
Vox (website)
Vox is an American news and opinion website owned by Vox Media.
See Liberalism and Vox (website)
Wage slavery
Wage slavery is a term used to criticize exploitation of labor by business, by keeping wages low or stagnant in order to maximize profits.
See Liberalism and Wage slavery
War on poverty
The war on poverty is the unofficial name for legislation first introduced by United States President Lyndon B. Johnson during his State of the Union Address on January 8, 1964.
See Liberalism and War on poverty
Wealth
Wealth is the abundance of valuable financial assets or physical possessions which can be converted into a form that can be used for transactions.
Welfare state
A welfare state is a form of government in which the state (or a well-established network of social institutions) protects and promotes the economic and social well-being of its citizens, based upon the principles of equal opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for citizens unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for a good life. Liberalism and welfare state are egalitarianism.
See Liberalism and Welfare state
Western Bloc
The Western Bloc, also known as the Capitalist Bloc, is an informal, collective term for countries that were officially allied with the United States during the Cold War of 1947–1991.
See Liberalism and Western Bloc
Western philosophy
Western philosophy, the part of philosophical thought and work of the Western world.
See Liberalism and Western philosophy
Western world
The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to various nations and states in the regions of Australasia, Western Europe, and Northern America; with some debate as to whether those in Eastern Europe and Latin America also constitute the West.
See Liberalism and Western world
Who Stole Feminism?
Who Stole Feminism? How Women Have Betrayed Women is a 1994 book about American feminism by Christina Hoff Sommers, a writer who was at that time a philosophy professor at Clark University.
See Liberalism and Who Stole Feminism?
Why Liberalism Failed
Why Liberalism Failed is a 2018 book by Patrick Deneen, a professor of political science at the University of Notre Dame.
See Liberalism and Why Liberalism Failed
Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons.
See Liberalism and Wiley-Blackwell
Wilhelm von Humboldt
Friedrich Wilhelm Christian Karl Ferdinand von Humboldt (also,;; 22 June 1767 – 8 April 1835) was a German philosopher, linguist, government functionary, diplomat, and founder of the Humboldt University of Berlin.
See Liberalism and Wilhelm von Humboldt
William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare (23 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor.
See Liberalism and William Shakespeare
Workhouse
In Britain and Ireland, a workhouse (lit. "poor-house") was an institution where those unable to support themselves financially were offered accommodation and employment.
World war
A world war is an international conflict that involves most or all of the world's major powers.
World War I
World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.
See Liberalism and World War I
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
See Liberalism and World War II
World War III
World War III (WWIII or WW3), also known as the Third World War, is a hypothetical future global conflict subsequent to World War I (1914–1918) and World War II (1939–1945).
See Liberalism and World War III
Yale University Press
Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University.
See Liberalism and Yale University Press
Yellow
Yellow is the color between green and orange on the spectrum of light.
Yeoman
Yeoman is a noun originally referring either to one who owns and cultivates land or to the middle ranks of servants in an English royal or noble household.
Young Ottomans
The Young Ottomans (translit) were a secret society established in 1865 by a group of Ottoman intellectuals who were dissatisfied with the Tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman Empire, which they believed did not go far enough.
See Liberalism and Young Ottomans
1953 Iranian coup d'état
The 1953 Iranian coup d'état, known in Iran as the 28 Mordad coup d'état (کودتای ۲۸ مرداد), was the U.S.- and British-instigated, Iranian army-led overthrow of the elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh in favor of strengthening the monarchical rule of the shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, on 19 August 1953, with one of the significant objectives being to protect British oil interests in Iran.
See Liberalism and 1953 Iranian coup d'état
1973 oil crisis
In October 1973, the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) announced that it was implementing a total oil embargo against the countries who had supported Israel at any point during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, which began after Egypt and Syria launched a large-scale surprise attack in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to recover the territories that they had lost to Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War.
See Liberalism and 1973 oil crisis
See also
History of political thought
- Autonomism
- Committed literature
- Gang of Four (Pakistan)
- History of Islamism
- History of communism
- History of far-right movements in France
- History of feminism
- History of pan-European liberalism
- History of political thought
- History of the far-right in Spain
- Liberalism
- Pre-Marxist communism
- Rationalist–constructivist debate
Human rights concepts
- All men are created equal
- Civil and political rights
- Claim rights and liberty rights
- Democratic backsliding
- Digital integrity
- Dignity
- Dignity restoration
- Dignity taking
- Economic freedom
- Formal and effective rights
- Gender empowerment
- Human rights inflation
- Individual and group rights
- Liberalism
- Liberté, égalité, fraternité
- Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness
- Morphological freedom
- Natural rights and legal rights
- Negative and positive rights
- Negative liberty
- Positive liberty
- Reasonable accommodation
- Substantive equality
- Three generations of human rights
- Treaty rights
- Two Concepts of Liberty
- Women's empowerment
Individualism
- Anti-individualism
- Atomism (social)
- Austrian School
- Autonomy
- Civil liberties
- DIY culture
- Egoism
- Ethical egoism
- Existentialism
- Individual
- Individual and group rights
- Individualism
- Individualism Index
- Individualism Old and New
- Individualism and Economic Order
- Individualist anarchism
- Individualist anarchism in Europe
- Individualist feminism
- Individualistic culture
- Individualists
- Isolationism
- Laissez-faire
- Liberalism
- Libertarianism
- Methodological individualism
- Muhammad Iqbal's concept of Khudi
- Narcissism
- Objectivism
- Perfectionist liberalism
- Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought
- Psychological egoism
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
- Rugged individualism
- Self-sustainability
- Selfishness
- Sermon on the Mound
- The "Me" Decade and the Third Great Awakening
- The God of the Machine
- The Politics of Individualism
- Uniqueness
- Viveza criolla
References
Also known as Anti-liberal, Anti-liberalism, Antiliberal, Antiliberalism, Controversies over the term "liberal", Controversies over the term liberal, Criticism of liberalism, History of the term "liberal", Liberal (politics), Liberal philosophy, Liberal political thought, Liberal politics, Liberal principles, Liberal theory, Liberal thought, Liberal values, Liberalism in countries, Liberalist, Liberalist politics, Liberalists, Liberialism, Opposition to liberalism, Political Liberal, Political liberalism, Politically liberal.
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