Table of Contents
349 relations: Abiogenesis, Adaptation, Adenine, Afterlife, Age of Earth, Alexander Oparin, Amorphea, Amphibian, Anabolism, Ancient Greece, Ancyromonadida, Animal, Annalen der Physik, Archaea, Archaeplastida, Archean, Aristotle, Aristotle's biology, Artificial life, Asexual reproduction, Aspergillus niger, Astrobiology, Astrobiology (journal), Astrobiology Magazine, Atmosphere of Earth, Atomism, Autonomous agent, Autopoiesis, Bacteria, Base pair, BBC, BBC News, Binomial nomenclature, Biochemistry, Biodiversity, Bioenergetics, Biogenic substance, Biological engineering, Biological organisation, Biological process, Biology, Biopolymer, Biosignature, Biosphere, Biotechnology, Biotic material, Bya, Carbon, Carbon-based life, Carl Linnaeus, ... Expand index (299 more) »
- Main topic articles
Abiogenesis
Abiogenesis is the natural process by which life arises from non-living matter, such as simple organic compounds.
Adaptation
In biology, adaptation has three related meanings.
Adenine
Adenine (symbol A or Ade) is a purine nucleobase.
See Life and Adenine
Afterlife
The afterlife or life after death is a purported existence in which the essential part of an individual's stream of consciousness or identity continues to exist after the death of their physical body.
Age of Earth
The age of Earth is estimated to be 4.54 ± 0.05 billion years This age may represent the age of Earth's accretion, or core formation, or of the material from which Earth formed.
Alexander Oparin
Alexander Ivanovich Oparin (Александр Иванович Опарин; – 21 April 1980) was a Soviet biochemist notable for his theories about the origin of life and for his book The Origin of Life.
Amorphea
Amorphea is a taxonomic supergroup that includes the basal Amoebozoa and Obazoa.
Amphibian
Amphibians are ectothermic, anamniotic, four-limbed vertebrate animals that constitute the class Amphibia.
Anabolism
Anabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that construct macromolecules like DNA or RNA from smaller units.
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece (Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity, that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories.
Ancyromonadida
Ancyromonadida or Planomonadida is a small group of biflagellated protists found in the soil and in aquatic habitats, where they feed on bacteria.
Animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia.
See Life and Animal
Annalen der Physik
Annalen der Physik (English: Annals of Physics) is one of the oldest scientific journals on physics; it has been published since 1799.
See Life and Annalen der Physik
Archaea
Archaea (archaeon) is a domain of single-celled organisms.
See Life and Archaea
Archaeplastida
The Archaeplastida (or kingdom Plantae sensu lato "in a broad sense"; pronounced) are a major group of eukaryotes, comprising the photoautotrophic red algae (Rhodophyta), green algae, land plants, and the minor group glaucophytes.
Archean
The Archean Eon (also spelled Archaean or Archæan), in older sources sometimes called the Archaeozoic, is the second of the four geologic eons of Earth's history, preceded by the Hadean Eon and followed by the Proterozoic.
See Life and Archean
Aristotle
Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath.
Aristotle's biology
Aristotle's biology is the theory of biology, grounded in systematic observation and collection of data, mainly zoological, embodied in Aristotle's books on the science.
See Life and Aristotle's biology
Artificial life
Artificial life (ALife or A-Life) is a field of study wherein researchers examine systems related to natural life, its processes, and its evolution, through the use of simulations with computer models, robotics, and biochemistry.
Asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes.
See Life and Asexual reproduction
Aspergillus niger
Aspergillus niger is a mold classified within the Nigri section of the Aspergillus genus.
See Life and Aspergillus niger
Astrobiology
Astrobiology is a scientific field within the life and environmental sciences that studies the origins, early evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe by investigating its deterministic conditions and contingent events.
Astrobiology (journal)
Astrobiology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on the origin, evolution, distribution and future of life across the universe.
See Life and Astrobiology (journal)
Astrobiology Magazine
Astrobiology Magazine (exploring the solar system and beyond), or Astrobiology Mag, was an American, formerly NASA-sponsored, international online popular science magazine that contained popular science content, which referred to articles for the general reader on science and technology subjects.
See Life and Astrobiology Magazine
Atmosphere of Earth
The atmosphere of Earth is composed of a layer of gas mixture that surrounds the Earth's planetary surface (both lands and oceans), known collectively as air, with variable quantities of suspended aerosols and particulates (which create weather features such as clouds and hazes), all retained by Earth's gravity.
See Life and Atmosphere of Earth
Atomism
Atomism (from Greek ἄτομον, atomon, i.e. "uncuttable, indivisible") is a natural philosophy proposing that the physical universe is composed of fundamental indivisible components known as atoms.
See Life and Atomism
Autonomous agent
There are various definitions of autonomous agent.
Autopoiesis
The term autopoiesis refers to a system capable of producing and maintaining itself by creating its own parts.
Bacteria
Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell.
Base pair
A base pair (bp) is a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds.
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.
See Life and BBC
BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.
Binomial nomenclature
In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages.
See Life and Binomial nomenclature
Biochemistry
Biochemistry or biological chemistry is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.
Biodiversity
Biodiversity (or biological diversity) is the variety and variability of life on Earth.
Bioenergetics
Bioenergetics is a field in biochemistry and cell biology that concerns energy flow through living systems.
Biogenic substance
A biogenic substance is a product made by or of life forms.
See Life and Biogenic substance
Biological engineering
Biological engineering or bioengineering is the application of principles of biology and the tools of engineering to create usable, tangible, economically viable products.
See Life and Biological engineering
Biological organisation
Biological organisation is the organisation of complex biological structures and systems that define life using a reductionistic approach.
See Life and Biological organisation
Biological process
Biological processes are those processes that are necessary for an organism to live and that shape its capacities for interacting with its environment.
See Life and Biological process
Biology
Biology is the scientific study of life.
See Life and Biology
Biopolymer
Biopolymers are natural polymers produced by the cells of living organisms.
Biosignature
A biosignature (sometimes called chemical fossil or molecular fossil) is any substance, such as an element, isotope, molecule, or phenomenon, that provides scientific evidence of past or present life on a planet.
Biosphere
The biosphere, also called the ecosphere, is the worldwide sum of all ecosystems.
Biotechnology
Biotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that involves the integration of natural sciences and engineering sciences in order to achieve the application of organisms and parts thereof for products and services.
Biotic material
Biotic material or biological derived material is any material that originates from living organisms.
Bya
bya or b.y.a. is an abbreviation for "billion years ago".
See Life and Bya
Carbon
Carbon is a chemical element; it has symbol C and atomic number 6.
See Life and Carbon
Carbon-based life
Carbon is a primary component of all known life on Earth, and represents approximately 45–50% of all dry biomass.
See Life and Carbon-based life
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,Blunt (2004), p. 171.
Carl Sagan
Carl Edward Sagan (November 9, 1934December 20, 1996) was an American astronomer, planetary scientist, and science communicator.
Catabolism
Catabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy or used in other anabolic reactions.
Cell (biology)
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life.
Cell adhesion
Cell adhesion is the process by which cells interact and attach to neighbouring cells through specialised molecules of the cell surface.
Cell biology
Cell biology (also cellular biology or cytology) is a branch of biology that studies the structure, function, and behavior of cells.
Cell division
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells.
Cell growth
Cell growth refers to an increase in the total mass of a cell, including both cytoplasmic, nuclear and organelle volume.
Cell nucleus
The cell nucleus (nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
Cell signaling
In biology, cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) is the process by which a cell interacts with itself, other cells, and the environment.
Cell theory
In biology, cell theory is a scientific theory first formulated in the mid-nineteenth century, that living organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is the process by which biological fuels are oxidized in the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, to drive the bulk production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which contains energy.
See Life and Cellular respiration
Centipede
Centipedes (from Neo-Latin centi-, "hundred", and Latin pes, pedis, "foot") are predatory arthropods belonging to the class Chilopoda (Ancient Greek χεῖλος, kheilos, "lip", and Neo-Latin suffix -poda, "foot", describing the forcipules) of the subphylum Myriapoda, an arthropod group which includes millipedes and other multi-legged animals.
Central dogma of molecular biology
The central dogma of molecular biology deals with the flow of genetic information within a biological system.
See Life and Central dogma of molecular biology
Cephalopod
A cephalopod is any member of the molluscan class Cephalopoda (Greek plural κεφαλόποδες,; "head-feet") such as a squid, octopus, cuttlefish, or nautilus.
Cetacea
Cetacea is an infraorder of aquatic mammals belonging to the order Artiodactyla that includes whales, dolphins and porpoises.
See Life and Cetacea
Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology.
Chemical element
A chemical element is a chemical substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions.
Chemotaxis
Chemotaxis (from chemo- + taxis) is the movement of an organism or entity in response to a chemical stimulus.
Chirality (chemistry)
In chemistry, a molecule or ion is called chiral if it cannot be superposed on its mirror image by any combination of rotations, translations, and some conformational changes.
See Life and Chirality (chemistry)
Chloroplast
A chloroplast is a type of membrane-bound organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells.
Chromista
Chromista is a proposed but polyphyletic biological kingdom, refined from the Chromalveolata, consisting of single-celled and multicellular eukaryotic species that share similar features in their photosynthetic organelles (plastids).
Chromosome
A chromosome is a package of DNA with part or all of the genetic material of an organism.
Clade
In biological phylogenetics, a clade, also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a grouping of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree.
See Life and Clade
Classical element
The classical elements typically refer to earth, water, air, fire, and (later) aether which were proposed to explain the nature and complexity of all matter in terms of simpler substances.
See Life and Classical element
Clone (cell biology)
A clone is a group of identical cells that share a common ancestry, meaning they are derived from the same cell.
See Life and Clone (cell biology)
Coding region
The coding region of a gene, also known as the coding sequence (CDS), is the portion of a gene's DNA or RNA that codes for a protein.
Colony (biology)
In biology, a colony is composed of two or more conspecific individuals living in close association with, or connected to, one another.
Coral reef
A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals.
Cosmos (Australian magazine)
Cosmos (subtitled The Science of Everything) is a science magazine published in Adelaide, South Australia, by CSIRO Publishing that covers science globally.
See Life and Cosmos (Australian magazine)
Covalent bond
A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms.
CRuMs
CRuMs or Crumalia is a proposed clade of microbial eukaryotes, whose name is an acronym of the following constituent groups: i) collodictyonids also known as diphylleids, ii) rigifilids and iii) mantamonadids as sister of the Amorphea. It more or less supersedes Varisulca, as Ancyromonadida are inferred not to be specifically related to the orders Diphylleida/Collodictyonida, Rigifilida and Mantamonadida.
See Life and CRuMs
Crustacean
Crustaceans are a group of arthropods that are a part of the subphylum Crustacea, a large, diverse group of mainly aquatic arthropods including decapods (shrimps, prawns, crabs, lobsters and crayfish), seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, opossum shrimps, amphipods and mantis shrimp.
Cryptista
Cryptista is a clade of alga-like eukaryotes.
Current Biology
Current Biology is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers all areas of biology, especially molecular biology, cell biology, genetics, neurobiology, ecology, and evolutionary biology.
Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria, also called Cyanobacteriota or Cyanophyta, are a phylum of autotrophic gram-negative bacteria that can obtain biological energy via oxygenic photosynthesis.
Cysteine
Cysteine (symbol Cys or C) is a semiessential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula.
Cytosine
Cytosine (symbol C or Cyt) is one of the four nucleobases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA).
Darwinism
Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.
Death
Death is the end of life; the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism.
See Life and Death
Democritus
Democritus (Δημόκριτος, Dēmókritos, meaning "chosen of the people"; –) was an Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher from Abdera, primarily remembered today for his formulation of an atomic theory of the universe.
Deoxyribose
Deoxyribose, or more precisely 2-deoxyribose, is a monosaccharide with idealized formula H−(C.
Diaphoretickes
Diaphoretickes is a major group of eukaryotic organisms, with over 400,000 species.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.
See Life and DNA
DNA replication
In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule.
Domain (biology)
In biological taxonomy, a domain (Latin: regio), also dominion, superkingdom, realm, or empire, is the highest taxonomic rank of all organisms taken together.
Drake equation
The Drake equation is a probabilistic argument used to estimate the number of active, communicative extraterrestrial civilizations in the Milky Way Galaxy.
East Tennessee State University
East Tennessee State University (ETSU) is a public research university in Johnson City, Tennessee.
See Life and East Tennessee State University
Echinoderm
An echinoderm is any deuterostomal animal of the phylum Echinodermata, which includes starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars and sea cucumbers, as well as the sessile sea lilies or "stone lilies".
Ecosystem
An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system that environments and their organisms form through their interaction.
Eduard Buchner
Eduard Buchner (20 May 1860 – 13 August 1917) was a German chemist and zymologist, awarded the 1907 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on fermentation.
Empedocles
Empedocles (Ἐμπεδοκλῆς;, 444–443 BC) was a Greek pre-Socratic philosopher and a native citizen of Akragas, a Greek city in Sicily.
Endocrine system
The endocrine system is a messenger system in an organism comprising feedback loops of hormones that are released by internal glands directly into the circulatory system and that target and regulate distant organs.
Endolith
An endolith or endolithic is an organism (archaeon, bacterium, fungus, lichen, algae or amoeba) that is able to acquire the necessary resources for growth in the inner part of a rock, mineral, coral, animal shells, or in the pores between mineral grains of a rock.
Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a part of a transportation system of the eukaryotic cell, and has many other important functions such as protein folding.
See Life and Endoplasmic reticulum
Endosymbiont
An endosymbiont or endobiont is an organism that lives within the body or cells of another organism.
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.
See Life and Enzyme
Enzyme catalysis
Enzyme catalysis is the increase in the rate of a process by a biological molecule, an "enzyme".
Ernst Haeckel
Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel (16 February 1834 – 9 August 1919) was a German zoologist, naturalist, eugenicist, philosopher, physician, professor, marine biologist and artist.
Eukaryote
The eukaryotes constitute the domain of Eukarya or Eukaryota, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.
Evolution
Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.
Evolution (journal)
Evolution: International Journal of Organic Evolution, is a monthly scientific journal that publishes significant new results of empirical or theoretical investigations concerning facts, processes, mechanics, or concepts of evolutionary phenomena and events.
See Life and Evolution (journal)
Excavata
Excavata is an extensive and diverse but paraphyletic group of unicellular Eukaryota.
Extinction
Extinction is the termination of a taxon by the death of its last member.
Extinction event
An extinction event (also known as a mass extinction or biotic crisis) is a widespread and rapid decrease in the biodiversity on Earth.
Extraterrestrial life
Extraterrestrial life, alien life, or colloquially simply aliens, is life which does not originate from Earth.
See Life and Extraterrestrial life
Extreme environment
An extreme environment is a habitat that is considered very hard to survive in due to its considerably extreme conditions such as temperature, accessibility to different energy sources or under high pressure.
See Life and Extreme environment
Extremophile
An extremophile is an organism that is able to live (or in some cases thrive) in extreme environments, i.e., environments with conditions approaching or stretching the limits of what known life can adapt to, such as extreme temperature, pressure, radiation, salinity, or pH level.
Fermi paradox
The Fermi paradox is the discrepancy between the lack of conclusive evidence of advanced extraterrestrial life and the apparently high likelihood of its existence.
Fission (biology)
Fission, in biology, is the division of a single entity into two or more parts and the regeneration of those parts to separate entities resembling the original.
See Life and Fission (biology)
Forbes
Forbes is an American business magazine founded by B. C. Forbes in 1917 and owned by Hong Kong-based investment group Integrated Whale Media Investments since 2014.
See Life and Forbes
Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.
See Life and Fossil
Francesco Redi
Francesco Redi (18 February 1626 – 1 March 1697) was an Italian physician, naturalist, biologist, and poet.
Francis Crick
Francis Harry Compton Crick (8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004) was an English molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist.
Friedrich Miescher
Johannes Friedrich Miescher (13 August 1844 – 26 August 1895) was a Swiss physician and biologist.
See Life and Friedrich Miescher
Friedrich Nietzsche
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (15 October 1844 – 25 August 1900) was a German classical scholar, philosopher, and critic of culture, who became one of the most influential of all modern thinkers.
See Life and Friedrich Nietzsche
Friedrich Wöhler
Friedrich Wöhler FRS(For) HonFRSE (31 July 180023 September 1882) was a German chemist known for his work in both organic and inorganic chemistry, being the first to isolate the chemical elements beryllium and yttrium in pure metallic form.
Fungus
A fungus (fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.
See Life and Fungus
Gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings.
See Life and Gene
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, proteins or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype.
Genetic drift
Genetic drift, also known as random genetic drift, allelic drift or the Wright effect, refers to random fluctuations in the frequency of an existing gene variant (allele) in a population.
Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.
Genome
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism.
See Life and Genome
Geologic time scale
The geologic time scale or geological time scale (GTS) is a representation of time based on the rock record of Earth.
See Life and Geologic time scale
Georg Ernst Stahl
Georg Ernst Stahl (22 October 1659 – 24 May 1734) was a German chemist, physician and philosopher.
See Life and Georg Ernst Stahl
Germ cell
A germ cell is any cell that gives rise to the gametes of an organism that reproduces sexually.
Giant planet
A giant planet, sometimes referred to as a jovian planet (Jove being another name for the Roman god Jupiter), is a diverse type of planet much larger than Earth.
Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells.
Graphite
Graphite is a crystalline form of the element carbon.
Gravitational biology
Gravitational biology is the study of the effects gravity has on living organisms.
See Life and Gravitational biology
Guanine
Guanine (symbol G or Gua) is one of the four main nucleobases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA, the others being adenine, cytosine, and thymine (uracil in RNA).
See Life and Guanine
Habitability of natural satellites
The habitability of natural satellites is the potential of moons to provide habitats for life, though it is not an indicator that they harbor it.
See Life and Habitability of natural satellites
Habitable zone
In astronomy and astrobiology, the habitable zone (HZ), or more precisely the circumstellar habitable zone (CHZ), is the range of orbits around a star within which a planetary surface can support liquid water given sufficient atmospheric pressure.
Habitat
In ecology, habitat refers to the array of resources, physical and biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species.
See Life and Habitat
Hadean
The Hadean is the first and oldest of the four known geologic eons of Earth's history, starting with the planet's formation about 4.6 billion years ago (estimated 4567.30 ± 0.16 million years ago set by the age of the oldest solid material in the Solar System found in some meteorites about 4.567 billion years old), and ended 4.031 billion years ago.
See Life and Hadean
Haptista
Haptista is a proposed group of protists made up of centrohelids and haptophytes.
Hemimastigophora
Hemimastigophora is a group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms including the Spironematellidae, first identified in 1988, and the Paramastigidae.
Henri Bergson
Henri-Louis Bergson (18 October 1859 – 4 January 1941) was a French philosopherHenri Bergson.
Henri Dutrochet
René Joachim Henri Dutrochet (14 November 1776 – 4 February 1847) was a French physician, botanist and physiologist.
Herbert Copeland
Herbert Faulkner Copeland (May 21, 1902 – October 15, 1968) was an American biologist who contributed to the theory of biological kingdoms.
Heredity
Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents.
Hermann von Helmholtz
Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (31 August 1821 – 8 September 1894) was a German physicist and physician who made significant contributions in several scientific fields, particularly hydrodynamic stability.
See Life and Hermann von Helmholtz
History of life
The history of life on Earth traces the processes by which living and extinct organisms evolved, from the earliest emergence of life to the present day.
Hoboken, New Jersey
Hoboken (Unami: Hupokàn) is a city in Hudson County in the U.S. state of New Jersey.
See Life and Hoboken, New Jersey
Holocene
The Holocene is the current geological epoch, beginning approximately 11,700 years ago.
Homeopathy
Homeopathy or homoeopathy is a pseudoscientific system of alternative medicine.
Homeostasis
In biology, homeostasis (British also homoeostasis) is the state of steady internal physical and chemical conditions maintained by living systems.
Host (biology)
In biology and medicine, a host is a larger organism that harbours a smaller organism; whether a parasitic, a mutualistic, or a commensalist guest (symbiont).
Hot spring
A hot spring, hydrothermal spring, or geothermal spring is a spring produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater onto the surface of the Earth.
Hydrogen
Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol H and atomic number 1.
Hydrogen bond
In chemistry, a hydrogen bond (or H-bond) is primarily an electrostatic force of attraction between a hydrogen (H) atom which is covalently bonded to a more electronegative "donor" atom or group (Dn), and another electronegative atom bearing a lone pair of electrons—the hydrogen bond acceptor (Ac).
Hydrothermal vent
Hydrothermal vents are fissures on the seabed from which geothermally heated water discharges.
See Life and Hydrothermal vent
Hylomorphism
Hylomorphism is a philosophical doctrine developed by the Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, which conceives every physical entity or being (ousia) as a compound of matter (potency) and immaterial form (act), with the generic form as immanently real within the individual.
Hypothetical types of biochemistry
Hypothetical types of biochemistry are forms of biochemistry agreed to be scientifically viable but not proven to exist at this time.
See Life and Hypothetical types of biochemistry
Immortality
Immortality is the concept of eternal life.
Incertae sedis
of uncertain placement or problematica is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined.
Inorganic compound
An inorganic compound is typically a chemical compound that lacks carbon–hydrogen bondsthat is, a compound that is not an organic compound.
See Life and Inorganic compound
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
The International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research in the field of microbial systematics that was established in 1951.
See Life and International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
International Ocean Discovery Program
The International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) is an international marine research collaboration dedicated to advancing scientific understanding of the Earth through drilling, coring, and monitoring the subseafloor.
See Life and International Ocean Discovery Program
Interphase
Interphase is the active portion of the cell cycle that includes the G1, S, and G2 phases, where the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for mitosis, respectively.
Invertebrate
Invertebrates is an umbrella term describing animals that neither develop nor retain a vertebral column (commonly known as a spine or backbone), which evolved from the notochord.
James Watson
James Dewey Watson (born April 6, 1928) is an American molecular biologist, geneticist, and zoologist.
Julien Offray de La Mettrie
Julien Offray de La Mettrie (November 23, 1709 – November 11, 1751) was a French physician and philosopher, and one of the earliest of the French materialists of the Enlightenment.
See Life and Julien Offray de La Mettrie
Julius von Mayer
Julius Robert von Mayer (25 November 1814 – 20 March 1878) was a German physician, chemist, and physicist and one of the founders of thermodynamics.
Justus von Liebig
Justus Freiherr (Baron) von Liebig (12 May 1803 – 20 April 1873) was a German scientist who made major contributions to the theory, practice, and pedagogy of chemistry, as well as to agricultural and biological chemistry; he is considered one of the principal founders of organic chemistry.
See Life and Justus von Liebig
Juxtacrine signalling
In biology, juxtracrine signalling (or contact-dependent signalling) is a type of cell–cell or cell–extracellular matrix signalling in multicellular organisms that requires close contact.
See Life and Juxtacrine signalling
Kingdom (biology)
In biology, a kingdom is the second highest taxonomic rank, just below domain.
See Life and Kingdom (biology)
Kitaa
Kitaa, originally Vestgrønland ("West Greenland"), is a former administrative division of Greenland.
See Life and Kitaa
Last universal common ancestor
The last universal common ancestor (LUCA) is the hypothesized common ancestral cell from which the three domains of life,--> the Bacteria, the Archaea, and the Eukarya originated.
See Life and Last universal common ancestor
Legal death
Legal death is the recognition under the law of a particular jurisdiction that a person is no longer alive.
Lichen
A lichen is a symbiosis of algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species, along with a yeast embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualistic relationship.
See Life and Lichen
Life on Mars
The possibility of life on Mars is a subject of interest in astrobiology due to the planet's proximity and similarities to Earth.
Life on Venus
The possibility of life on Venus is a subject of interest in astrobiology due to Venus' proximity and similarities to Earth.
Lipid
Lipids are a broad group of organic compounds which include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others.
See Life and Lipid
Lists of organisms by population
This is a collection of lists of organisms by their population.
See Life and Lists of organisms by population
Live Science
Live Science is a science news website.
Living systems
Living systems are life forms (or, more colloquially known as living things) treated as a system.
Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur (27 December 1822 – 28 September 1895) was a French chemist, pharmacist, and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization, the last of which was named after him.
Lysosome
A lysosome is a single membrane-bound organelle found in many animal cells.
Macromolecule
A macromolecule is a very large molecule important to biological processes, such as a protein or nucleic acid.
Main sequence
In astronomy, the main sequence is a classification of stars which appear on plots of stellar color versus brightness as a continuous and distinctive band.
Mammal
A mammal is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia.
See Life and Mammal
Mariana Trench
The Mariana Trench is an oceanic trench located in the western Pacific Ocean, about east of the Mariana Islands; it is the deepest oceanic trench on Earth.
Materialism
Materialism is a form of philosophical monism which holds that matter is the fundamental substance in nature, and that all things, including mental states and consciousness, are results of material interactions of material things.
Matter
In classical physics and general chemistry, matter is any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume.
See Life and Matter
Mechanism (philosophy)
Mechanism is the belief that natural wholes (principally living things) are similar to complicated machines or artifacts, composed of parts lacking any intrinsic relationship to each other.
See Life and Mechanism (philosophy)
Mesosphere
The mesosphere is the third layer of the atmosphere, directly above the stratosphere and directly below the thermosphere.
Metabolism
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.
Metagenomics
Metagenomics is the study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental or clinical samples by a method called sequencing.
Metasedimentary rock
In geology, metasedimentary rock is a type of metamorphic rock.
See Life and Metasedimentary rock
Methionine
Methionine (symbol Met or M) is an essential amino acid in humans.
Microbial mat
A microbial mat is a multi-layered sheet of microorganisms, mainly bacteria and archaea, or bacteria alone.
Microbiology
Microbiology is the scientific study of microorganisms, those being of unicellular (single-celled), multicellular (consisting of complex cells), or acellular (lacking cells).
Microorganism
A microorganism, or microbe, is an organism of microscopic size, which may exist in its single-celled form or as a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from sixth century BC India. The scientific study of microorganisms began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Anton van Leeuwenhoek.
Microscopy
Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view objects and areas of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye).
Mitochondrion
A mitochondrion is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi.
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.
See Life and Mitosis
Molecule
A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions which satisfy this criterion.
Mollusca
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals, after Arthropoda; members are known as molluscs or mollusks.
Monera
Monera (Greek: μονήρης, "single", "solitary") is historically a biological kingdom that is made up of prokaryotes.
See Life and Monera
Monomer
A monomer (mono-, "one" + -mer, "part") is a molecule that can react together with other monomer molecules to form a larger polymer chain or three-dimensional network in a process called polymerization.
See Life and Monomer
Monosaccharide
Monosaccharides (from Greek monos: single, sacchar: sugar), also called simple sugars, are the simplest forms of sugar and the most basic units (monomers) from which all carbohydrates are built.
Morphology (biology)
Morphology in biology is the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features.
See Life and Morphology (biology)
Multi-agent system
A multi-agent system (MAS or "self-organized system") is a computerized system composed of multiple interacting intelligent agents.
See Life and Multi-agent system
Multicellular organism
A multicellular organism is an organism that consists of more than one cell, unlike unicellular organisms.
See Life and Multicellular organism
Mutation
In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA.
Nankai Trough
The is a submarine trough located south of the Nankaidō region of Japan's island of Honshu, extending approximately offshore.
NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.
See Life and NASA
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM), also known as the National Academies, is a congressionally chartered organization that serves as the collective scientific national academy of the United States.
See Life and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
National Geographic
National Geographic (formerly The National Geographic Magazine, sometimes branded as NAT GEO) is an American monthly magazine published by National Geographic Partners.
See Life and National Geographic
Natural environment
The natural environment or natural world encompasses all biotic and abiotic things occurring naturally, meaning in this case not artificial.
See Life and Natural environment
Natural satellite
A natural satellite is, in the most common usage, an astronomical body that orbits a planet, dwarf planet, or small Solar System body (or sometimes another natural satellite).
See Life and Natural satellite
Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.
See Life and Natural selection
Nature (journal)
Nature is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England.
Nature Geoscience
Nature Geoscience is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Nature Publishing Group.
See Life and Nature Geoscience
Nature Microbiology
Nature Microbiology is a monthly online-only peer reviewed scientific journal published by Nature Portfolio.
See Life and Nature Microbiology
Nervous system
In biology, the nervous system is the highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.
Nitrogen
Nitrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol N and atomic number 7.
Non-cellular life
Non-cellular life, also known as acellular life, is life that exists without a cellular structure for at least part of its life cycle.
See Life and Non-cellular life
Nucleic acid
Nucleic acids are large biomolecules that are crucial in all cells and viruses.
Nucleic acid double helix
In molecular biology, the term double helix refers to the structure formed by double-stranded molecules of nucleic acids such as DNA.
See Life and Nucleic acid double helix
Nucleotide
Nucleotides are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate.
Nucleotide base
Nucleotide bases (also nucleobases, nitrogenous bases) are nitrogen-containing biological compounds that form nucleosides, which, in turn, are components of nucleotides, with all of these monomers constituting the basic building blocks of nucleic acids.
Nutrient
A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow and reproduce.
Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt
The Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt (NGB; Inuktitut) is a sequence of metamorphosed mafic to ultramafic volcanic and associated sedimentary rocks (a greenstone belt) located on the eastern shore of Hudson Bay, 40 km southeast of Inukjuak, Quebec.
See Life and Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt
Oligotroph
An oligotroph is an organism that can live in an environment that offers very low levels of nutrients.
Organelle
In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized subunit, usually within a cell, that has a specific function.
Organic chemistry
Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms.
See Life and Organic chemistry
Organic compound
Some chemical authorities define an organic compound as a chemical compound that contains a carbon–hydrogen or carbon–carbon bond; others consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon.
Organic matter
Organic matter, organic material, or natural organic matter refers to the large source of carbon-based compounds found within natural and engineered, terrestrial, and aquatic environments.
Organism
An organism is defined in a medical dictionary as any living thing that functions as an individual.
Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element; it has symbol O and atomic number 8.
See Life and Oxygen
Ozone layer
The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation.
Parakaryon
Parakaryon myojinensis, also known as the Myojin parakaryote, is a highly unusual species of single-celled organism known only from a single specimen, described in 2012.
Perspiration
Perspiration, also known as sweat, is the fluid secreted by sweat glands in the skin of mammals.
Phenotypic trait
A phenotypic trait, simply trait, or character state is a distinct variant of a phenotypic characteristic of an organism; it may be either inherited or determined environmentally, but typically occurs as a combination of the two.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Royal Society.
See Life and Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
Phosphate
In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid.
Phosphorus
Phosphorus is a chemical element; it has symbol P and atomic number 15.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism.
Phototropism
In biology, phototropism is the growth of an organism in response to a light stimulus.
Phylogenetic tree
A phylogenetic tree, phylogeny or evolutionary tree is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or taxa during a specific time.
See Life and Phylogenetic tree
Phylogenetics
In biology, phylogenetics is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms.
Physical cosmology
Physical cosmology is a branch of cosmology concerned with the study of cosmological models.
See Life and Physical cosmology
Physics
Physics is the natural science of matter, involving the study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force.
See Life and Physics
Planetary system
A planetary system is a set of gravitationally bound non-stellar objects in or out of orbit around a star or star system.
Plant
Plants are the eukaryotes that form the kingdom Plantae; they are predominantly photosynthetic.
See Life and Plant
Plato
Plato (Greek: Πλάτων), born Aristocles (Ἀριστοκλῆς; – 348 BC), was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms.
See Life and Plato
Polymer backbone
In polymer science, the polymer chain or simply backbone of a polymer is the main chain of a polymer.
Polynucleotide
In molecular biology, a polynucleotide is a biopolymer composed of nucleotide monomers that are covalently bonded in a chain.
Polysaccharide
Polysaccharides, or polycarbohydrates, are the most abundant carbohydrates found in food.
Prokaryote
A prokaryote (less commonly spelled procaryote) is a single-cell organism whose cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
See Life and Protein
Protein biosynthesis
Protein biosynthesis (or protein synthesis) is a core biological process, occurring inside cells, balancing the loss of cellular proteins (via degradation or export) through the production of new proteins.
See Life and Protein biosynthesis
Protist
A protist or protoctist is any eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, land plant, or fungus.
See Life and Protist
Protocell
A protocell (or protobiont) is a self-organized, endogenously ordered, spherical collection of lipids proposed as a rudimentary precursor to cells during the origin of life.
Protozoa
Protozoa (protozoan or protozoon; alternative plural: protozoans) are a polyphyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic debris.
Provora
Provora is a proposed supergroup of eukaryotes made up of predatory microbes, "devouring voracious protists".
See Life and Provora
Pseudoscience
Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that claim to be both scientific and factual but are incompatible with the scientific method.
Psychrophile
Psychrophiles or cryophiles (adj. psychrophilic or cryophilic) are extremophilic organisms that are capable of growth and reproduction in low temperatures, ranging from to.
Publishing houses in the Soviet Union
Publishing houses in the Soviet Union were a series of publishing enterprises which existed in the Soviet Union.
See Life and Publishing houses in the Soviet Union
Radioresistance
Radioresistance is the level of ionizing radiation that organisms are able to withstand.
Realm (virology)
In virology, realm is the highest taxonomic rank established for viruses by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), which oversees virus taxonomy.
Red dwarf
A red dwarf is the smallest kind of star on the main sequence.
Reincarnation
Reincarnation, also known as rebirth or transmigration, is the philosophical or religious concept that the non-physical essence of a living being begins a new life in a different physical form or body after biological death.
René Descartes
René Descartes (or;; 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, widely considered a seminal figure in the emergence of modern philosophy and science.
Reproduction
Reproduction (or procreation or breeding) is the biological process by which new individual organisms – "offspring" – are produced from their "parent" or parents.
Resurrection
Resurrection or anastasis is the concept of coming back to life after death.
Ribosomal protein
A ribosomal protein (r-protein or rProtein) is any of the proteins that, in conjunction with rRNA, make up the ribosomal subunits involved in the cellular process of translation.
See Life and Ribosomal protein
Ribosomal RNA
Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA which is the primary component of ribosomes, essential to all cells.
Ribosome
Ribosomes are macromolecular machines, found within all cells, that perform biological protein synthesis (messenger RNA translation).
RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions, either by performing the function itself (non-coding RNA) or by forming a template for the production of proteins (messenger RNA).
See Life and RNA
Robert Whittaker (ecologist)
Robert Harding Whittaker (December 27, 1920 – October 20, 1980) was an American plant ecologist, active from the 1950s to the 1970s.
See Life and Robert Whittaker (ecologist)
Robotics
Robotics is the interdisciplinary study and practice of the design, construction, operation, and use of robots.
Rosalind Franklin
Rosalind Elsie Franklin (25 July 192016 April 1958) was a British chemist and X-ray crystallographer whose work was central to the understanding of the molecular structures of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA (ribonucleic acid), viruses, coal, and graphite.
See Life and Rosalind Franklin
Rudolf Virchow
Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow (also; 13 October 18215 September 1902) was a German physician, anthropologist, pathologist, prehistorian, biologist, writer, editor, and politician.
Sandstone
Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate grains, cemented together by another mineral.
SAR supergroup
SAR or Harosa is a highly diverse clade of eukaryotes, often considered a supergroup, that includes stramenopiles (heterokonts), alveolates, and rhizarians.
ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily is an American website launched in 1995 that aggregates press releases and publishes lightly edited press releases (a practice called churnalism) about science, similar to Phys.org and EurekAlert!.
Scorpion
Scorpions are predatory arachnids of the order Scorpiones.
Search for extraterrestrial intelligence
The search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) is a collective term for scientific searches for intelligent extraterrestrial life, for example, monitoring electromagnetic radiation for signs of transmissions from civilizations on other planets.
See Life and Search for extraterrestrial intelligence
Sedimentary rock
Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at Earth's surface, followed by cementation.
Self-organization
Self-organization, also called spontaneous order in the social sciences, is a process where some form of overall order arises from local interactions between parts of an initially disordered system.
See Life and Self-organization
Sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves a complex life cycle in which a gamete (haploid reproductive cells, such as a sperm or egg cell) with a single set of chromosomes combines with another gamete to produce a zygote that develops into an organism composed of cells with two sets of chromosomes (diploid).
See Life and Sexual reproduction
Sexual selection
Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection in which members of one biological sex choose mates of the other sex to mate with (intersexual selection), and compete with members of the same sex for access to members of the opposite sex (intrasexual selection).
Simulation
A simulation is an imitative representation of a process or system that could exist in the real world.
Soil
Soil, also commonly referred to as earth or dirt, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support the life of plants and soil organisms.
See Life and Soil
Solar System
The Solar SystemCapitalization of the name varies.
Soul
In many religious and philosophical traditions, the soul is the non-material essence of a person, which includes one's identity, personality, and memories, an immaterial aspect or essence of a living being that is believed to be able to survive physical death.
See Life and Soul
Species
A species (species) is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.
See Life and Species
Species distribution
Species distribution, or species dispersion, is the manner in which a biological taxon is spatially arranged.
See Life and Species distribution
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) is a freely available online philosophy resource published and maintained by Stanford University, encompassing both an online encyclopedia of philosophy and peer-reviewed original publication.
See Life and Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Stéphane Leduc
Stéphane Leduc (1 November 1853 – 8 March 1939) was a French biologist who sought to contribute to understanding of the chemical and physical mechanisms of life.
Stellar evolution
Stellar evolution is the process by which a star changes over the course of its lifetime and how it can lead to the creation of a new star.
See Life and Stellar evolution
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus is a detectable change in the physical or chemical structure of an organism's internal or external environment.
See Life and Stimulus (physiology)
Stratum
In geology and related fields, a stratum (strata) is a layer of rock or sediment characterized by certain lithologic properties or attributes that distinguish it from adjacent layers from which it is separated by visible surfaces known as either bedding surfaces or bedding planes.
See Life and Stratum
Stuart Kauffman
Stuart Alan Kauffman (born September 28, 1939) is an American medical doctor, theoretical biologist, and complex systems researcher who studies the origin of life on Earth.
Subduction
Subduction is a geological process in which the oceanic lithosphere and some continental lithosphere is recycled into the Earth's mantle at convergent boundaries.
Sulfur
Sulfur (also spelled sulphur in British English) is a chemical element; it has symbol S and atomic number 16.
See Life and Sulfur
Supernova
A supernova (supernovae or supernovas) is a powerful and luminous explosion of a star.
Symbiosis
Symbiosis (from Greek,, "living with, companionship, camaraderie", from,, "together", and, bíōsis, "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two biological organisms of different species, termed symbionts, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.
Synthetic biology
Synthetic biology (SynBio) is a multidisciplinary field of science that focuses on living systems and organisms, and it applies engineering principles to develop new biological parts, devices, and systems or to redesign existing systems found in nature.
See Life and Synthetic biology
Taxonomy
Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization.
Teleology in biology
Teleology in biology is the use of the language of goal-directedness in accounts of evolutionary adaptation, which some biologists and philosophers of science find problematic.
See Life and Teleology in biology
Thallophyte
Thallophytes (Thallophyta, Thallophyto or Thallobionta) are a polyphyletic group of non-motile organisms traditionally described as "thalloid plants", "relatively simple plants" or "lower plants".
The Atlantic
The Atlantic is an American magazine and multi-platform publisher.
The New York Times
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.
See Life and The New York Times
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal (WSJ), also referred to simply as the Journal, is an American newspaper based in New York City, with a focus on business and finance.
See Life and The Wall Street Journal
Theodor Schwann
Theodor Schwann (7 December 181011 January 1882) was a German physician and physiologist.
Theory of forms
In philosophy and specifically metaphysics, the theory of Forms, theory of Ideas, Platonic idealism, or Platonic realism is a theory widely credited to the Classical Greek philosopher Plato.
Thermodynamic cycle
A thermodynamic cycle consists of linked sequences of thermodynamic processes that involve transfer of heat and work into and out of the system, while varying pressure, temperature, and other state variables within the system, and that eventually returns the system to its initial state.
See Life and Thermodynamic cycle
Thermodynamic system
A thermodynamic system is a body of matter and/or radiation separate from its surroundings that can be studied using the laws of thermodynamics.
See Life and Thermodynamic system
Three-domain system
The three-domain system is a taxonomic classification system that groups all cellular life into three domains, namely Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya, introduced by Carl Woese, Otto Kandler and Mark Wheelis in 1990.
See Life and Three-domain system
Thymine
---> Thymine (symbol T or Thy) is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G–C–A–T.
See Life and Thymine
Tidal locking
Tidal locking between a pair of co-orbiting astronomical bodies occurs when one of the objects reaches a state where there is no longer any net change in its rotation rate over the course of a complete orbit.
TimeTree
TimeTree is a free public database developed by S. Blair Hedges and Sudhir Kumar, now at Temple University, for presenting times of divergence in the tree of life.
Trace fossil
A trace fossil, also known as an ichnofossil (from ἴχνος ikhnos "trace, track"), is a fossil record of biological activity by lifeforms but not the preserved remains of the organism itself.
Tree of life (biology)
The tree of life or universal tree of life is a metaphor, conceptual model, and research tool used to explore the evolution of life and describe the relationships between organisms, both living and extinct, as described in a famous passage in Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859).
See Life and Tree of life (biology)
Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths of 10–400 nanometers, shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays.
Unicellular organism
A unicellular organism, also known as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of a single cell, unlike a multicellular organism that consists of multiple cells.
See Life and Unicellular organism
Urea
Urea, also called carbamide (because it is a diamide of carbonic acid), is an organic compound with chemical formula.
See Life and Urea
Vacuole
A vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle which is present in plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal, and bacterial cells.
See Life and Vacuole
Vermes
Vermes ("worms") is an obsolete taxon used by Carl Linnaeus and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck for non-arthropod invertebrate animals.
See Life and Vermes
Vertebrate
Vertebrates are deuterostomal animals with bony or cartilaginous axial endoskeleton — known as the vertebral column, spine or backbone — around and along the spinal cord, including all fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
Viable system theory
Viable system theory (VST) concerns cybernetic processes in relation to the development/evolution of dynamical systems: it can be used to explain living systems, which are considered to be complex and adaptive, can learn, and are capable of maintaining an autonomous existence, at least within the confines of their constraints.
See Life and Viable system theory
Viroid
Viroids are small single-stranded, circular RNAs that are infectious pathogens.
See Life and Viroid
Virus
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.
See Life and Virus
Virusoid
Virusoids are circular single-stranded RNA(s) dependent on viruses for replication and encapsidation.
Wöhler synthesis
The Wöhler synthesis is the conversion of ammonium cyanate into urea.
Weidenfeld & Nicolson
Weidenfeld & Nicolson Ltd (established 1949), often shortened to W&N or Weidenfeld, is a British publisher of fiction and reference books.
See Life and Weidenfeld & Nicolson
Western Australia
Western Australia (WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western third of the land area of the Australian continent.
See Life and Western Australia
Wiley (publisher)
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., commonly known as Wiley, is an American multinational publishing company that focuses on academic publishing and instructional materials.
See Life and Wiley (publisher)
Wilhelm Dilthey
Wilhelm Dilthey (19 November 1833 – 1 October 1911) was a German historian, psychologist, sociologist, and hermeneutic philosopher, who held Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's Chair in Philosophy at the University of Berlin.
Wired (magazine)
Wired (stylized in all caps) is a monthly American magazine, published in print and online editions, that focuses on how emerging technologies affect culture, the economy, and politics.
X-ray diffraction
X-ray diffraction is a generic term for phenomena associated with changes in the direction of X-ray beams due to interactions with the electrons around atoms.
See Life and X-ray diffraction
Xavier Bichat
Marie François Xavier Bichat (14 November 1771 – 22 July 1802) was a French anatomist and pathologist, known as the father of modern histology.
Xerophile
A xerophile is an extremophilic organism that can grow and reproduce in conditions with a low availability of water, also known as water activity.
Yale University Press
Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University.
See Life and Yale University Press
Zoophyte
A zoophyte (animal-plant) is an obsolete term for an organism thought to be intermediate between animals and plants, or an animal with plant-like attributes or appearance.
1,000,000,000
1,000,000,000 (one billion, short scale; one thousand million or one milliard, one yard, long scale) is the natural number following 999,999,999 and preceding 1,000,000,001.
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References
Also known as Biological life, Biota (biology), Biota (taxonomy), Building blocks of life, Characteristics of life, Characteristics of living things, Definition of life, Earthlife, Life Definition, Life in the universe, Living systems theories, Organic life, Organic lifeform, Vital state.
, Carl Sagan, Catabolism, Cell (biology), Cell adhesion, Cell biology, Cell division, Cell growth, Cell nucleus, Cell signaling, Cell theory, Cellular respiration, Centipede, Central dogma of molecular biology, Cephalopod, Cetacea, Charles Darwin, Chemical element, Chemotaxis, Chirality (chemistry), Chloroplast, Chromista, Chromosome, Clade, Classical element, Clone (cell biology), Coding region, Colony (biology), Coral reef, Cosmos (Australian magazine), Covalent bond, CRuMs, Crustacean, Cryptista, Current Biology, Cyanobacteria, Cysteine, Cytosine, Darwinism, Death, Democritus, Deoxyribose, Diaphoretickes, DNA, DNA replication, Domain (biology), Drake equation, East Tennessee State University, Echinoderm, Ecosystem, Eduard Buchner, Empedocles, Endocrine system, Endolith, Endoplasmic reticulum, Endosymbiont, Enzyme, Enzyme catalysis, Ernst Haeckel, Eukaryote, Evolution, Evolution (journal), Excavata, Extinction, Extinction event, Extraterrestrial life, Extreme environment, Extremophile, Fermi paradox, Fission (biology), Forbes, Fossil, Francesco Redi, Francis Crick, Friedrich Miescher, Friedrich Nietzsche, Friedrich Wöhler, Fungus, Gene, Gene expression, Genetic drift, Genetics, Genome, Geologic time scale, Georg Ernst Stahl, Germ cell, Giant planet, Golgi apparatus, Graphite, Gravitational biology, Guanine, Habitability of natural satellites, Habitable zone, Habitat, Hadean, Haptista, Hemimastigophora, Henri Bergson, Henri Dutrochet, Herbert Copeland, Heredity, Hermann von Helmholtz, History of life, Hoboken, New Jersey, Holocene, Homeopathy, Homeostasis, Host (biology), Hot spring, Hydrogen, Hydrogen bond, Hydrothermal vent, Hylomorphism, Hypothetical types of biochemistry, Immortality, Incertae sedis, Inorganic compound, International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, International Ocean Discovery Program, Interphase, Invertebrate, James Watson, Julien Offray de La Mettrie, Julius von Mayer, Justus von Liebig, Juxtacrine signalling, Kingdom (biology), Kitaa, Last universal common ancestor, Legal death, Lichen, Life on Mars, Life on Venus, Lipid, Lists of organisms by population, Live Science, Living systems, Louis Pasteur, Lysosome, Macromolecule, Main sequence, Mammal, Mariana Trench, Materialism, Matter, Mechanism (philosophy), Mesosphere, Metabolism, Metagenomics, Metasedimentary rock, Methionine, Microbial mat, Microbiology, Microorganism, Microscopy, Mitochondrion, Mitosis, Molecule, Mollusca, Monera, Monomer, Monosaccharide, Morphology (biology), Multi-agent system, Multicellular organism, Mutation, Nankai Trough, NASA, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, National Geographic, Natural environment, Natural satellite, Natural selection, Nature (journal), Nature Geoscience, Nature Microbiology, Nervous system, Nitrogen, Non-cellular life, Nucleic acid, Nucleic acid double helix, Nucleotide, Nucleotide base, Nutrient, Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt, Oligotroph, Organelle, Organic chemistry, Organic compound, Organic matter, Organism, Oxygen, Ozone layer, Parakaryon, Perspiration, Phenotypic trait, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, Phosphate, Phosphorus, Photosynthesis, Phototropism, Phylogenetic tree, Phylogenetics, Physical cosmology, Physics, Planetary system, Plant, Plato, Polymer backbone, Polynucleotide, Polysaccharide, Prokaryote, Protein, Protein biosynthesis, Protist, Protocell, Protozoa, Provora, Pseudoscience, Psychrophile, Publishing houses in the Soviet Union, Radioresistance, Realm (virology), Red dwarf, Reincarnation, René Descartes, Reproduction, Resurrection, Ribosomal protein, Ribosomal RNA, Ribosome, RNA, Robert Whittaker (ecologist), Robotics, Rosalind Franklin, Rudolf Virchow, Sandstone, SAR supergroup, ScienceDaily, Scorpion, Search for extraterrestrial intelligence, Sedimentary rock, Self-organization, Sexual reproduction, Sexual selection, Simulation, Soil, Solar System, Soul, Species, Species distribution, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Stéphane Leduc, Stellar evolution, Stimulus (physiology), Stratum, Stuart Kauffman, Subduction, Sulfur, Supernova, Symbiosis, Synthetic biology, Taxonomy, Teleology in biology, Thallophyte, The Atlantic, The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Theodor Schwann, Theory of forms, Thermodynamic cycle, Thermodynamic system, Three-domain system, Thymine, Tidal locking, TimeTree, Trace fossil, Tree of life (biology), Ultraviolet, Unicellular organism, Urea, Vacuole, Vermes, Vertebrate, Viable system theory, Viroid, Virus, Virusoid, Wöhler synthesis, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, Western Australia, Wiley (publisher), Wilhelm Dilthey, Wired (magazine), X-ray diffraction, Xavier Bichat, Xerophile, Yale University Press, Zoophyte, 1,000,000,000.