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Liquor

Index Liquor

Liquor (also hard liquor, hard alcohol, or spirits) is an alcoholic drink produced by distillation of grains, fruit, or vegetables that have already gone through alcoholic fermentation. [1]

146 relations: Absinthe, Aguardiente, Ahmad Y. al-Hassan, Akvavit, Al-Kindi, Alchemy, Alchemy and chemistry in medieval Islam, Alcohol (drug), Alcohol abuse, Alcohol by volume, Alcohol dependence, Alcohol flush reaction, Alcohol intoxication, Alcohol proof, Alcohol tolerance, Alcohol withdrawal syndrome, Alcoholic drink, Alcoholism, Alembic, Alexander of Aphrodisias, Alexandria, American Heart Association, Anterograde amnesia, Arak (drink), Arrack, Atrial fibrillation, Awamori, Baijiu, Beer, Binge drinking, Black Death, Blood alcohol content, Borovička, Bottled in bond, Brandy, Cachaça, Carbonated water, Cardiovascular disease, Cask strength, Charsadda, Cider, Cirrhosis, Cocktail, Cocktail glass, Cola, Coma, Concentration, County of Katzenelnbogen, Delhi Sultanate, Diabetes mellitus, ..., Distillation, Distilled water, Driving under the influence, Eau de vie, Egypt (Roman province), Elixir, Erguotou, Ethanol, Ethanol fermentation, Euphoria, Feni (liquor), Fermentation, Flambé, Flash point, Fortified wine, Fractional distillation, Fractional freezing, Frangelico, Gandhara, Gin, Grand Marnier, Grappa, Han dynasty, Hebei, Homebrewing, Horilka, Hypertension, Hypoventilation, Ice cube, Indian subcontinent, Irfan Habib, Irish whiskey, Jenever, Jin dynasty (1115–1234), Juice, Lethargy, Liqueur, Liquor, Liquor (novel series), Liquor store, List of alcoholic drinks, List of drinks, List of national liquors, Mama Juana, Mead, Mezcal, Microbrewery, Microdistillery, Middle East, Moonshine, Old Fashioned glass, Orujo, Ouzo, Oxford English Dictionary, Pakistan, Pálinka, Pearson Education, Per capita, Pisco, Poitín, Pulmonary aspiration, Rakı, Rakia, Rượu đế, Recreational drug use, Rectified spirit, Retort, Rum, Sake, Schnapps, Schola Medica Salernitana, Scotch whisky, Sedation, Shōchū, Shooter (drink), Slivovitz, Snaps, Soju, Song dynasty, Spirit, Still, Stroke, Stupor, Taddeo Alderotti, Taxila, Tequila, Tonic water, Tsikoudia, Tsipouro, UNESCO, United States, Vodka, Whisky, Wine, World Health Organization, Yeast. Expand index (96 more) »

Absinthe

Absinthe is historically described as a distilled, highly alcoholic (45–74% ABV / 90–148 U.S. proof) beverage.

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Aguardiente

Aguardiente (pattar, aiguardent, augardente, aguardente) is a generic term for alcoholic beverages that contain between 29% and 60% alcohol by volume.

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Ahmad Y. al-Hassan

Ahmad Yousef Al-Hassan (أحمد يوسف الحسن) (June 25, 1925 – April 28, 2012) was a Palestinian/Syrian/Canadian historian of Arabic and Islamic science and technology, educated in Jerusalem, Cairo, and London with a PhD in Mechanical engineering from University College London.

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Akvavit

Akvavit or aquavit (also akevitt in Norwegian) is a distilled spirit that is principally produced in Scandinavia, where it has been produced since the 15th century.

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Al-Kindi

Abu Yūsuf Yaʻqūb ibn ʼIsḥāq aṣ-Ṣabbāḥ al-Kindī (أبو يوسف يعقوب بن إسحاق الصبّاح الكندي; Alkindus; c. 801–873 AD) was an Arab Muslim philosopher, polymath, mathematician, physician and musician.

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Alchemy

Alchemy is a philosophical and protoscientific tradition practiced throughout Europe, Africa, Brazil and Asia.

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Alchemy and chemistry in medieval Islam

Alchemy and chemistry in Islam refers to the study of both traditional alchemy and early practical chemistry (the early chemical investigation of nature in general) by scholars in the medieval Islamic world.

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Alcohol (drug)

Alcohol, also known by its chemical name ethanol, is a psychoactive substance or drug that is the active ingredient in alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, and distilled spirits (hard liquor).

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Alcohol abuse

Alcohol abuse is a previous psychiatric diagnosis in which there is recurring harmful use of alcohol despite its negative consequences.

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Alcohol by volume

Alcohol by volume (abbreviated as ABV, abv, or alc/vol) is a standard measure of how much alcohol (ethanol) is contained in a given volume of an alcoholic beverage (expressed as a volume percent).

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Alcohol dependence

Alcohol dependence is a previous psychiatric diagnosis in which an individual is physically or psychologically dependent upon alcohol (also known formally as ethanol).

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Alcohol flush reaction

Alcohol flush reaction is a condition in which a person develops flushes or blotches associated with erythema on the face, neck, shoulders, and in some cases, the entire body after consuming alcoholic beverages.

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Alcohol intoxication

Alcohol intoxication, also known as drunkenness or alcohol poisoning, is negative behavior and physical effects due to the recent drinking of ethanol (alcohol).

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Alcohol proof

Alcohol proof is a measure of the content of ethanol (alcohol) in an alcoholic beverage.

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Alcohol tolerance

Alcohol tolerance refers to the bodily responses to the functional effects of ethanol in alcoholic beverages.

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Alcohol withdrawal syndrome

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome is a set of symptoms that can occur following a reduction in alcohol use after a period of excessive use.

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Alcoholic drink

An alcoholic drink (or alcoholic beverage) is a drink that contains ethanol, a type of alcohol produced by fermentation of grains, fruits, or other sources of sugar.

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Alcoholism

Alcoholism, also known as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a broad term for any drinking of alcohol that results in mental or physical health problems.

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Alembic

An alembic is an alchemical still consisting of two vessels connected by a tube, used for distilling chemicals.

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Alexander of Aphrodisias

Alexander of Aphrodisias (Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Ἀφροδισιεύς; fl. 200 AD) was a Peripatetic philosopher and the most celebrated of the Ancient Greek commentators on the writings of Aristotle.

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Alexandria

Alexandria (or; Arabic: الإسكندرية; Egyptian Arabic: إسكندرية; Ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ; Ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ) is the second-largest city in Egypt and a major economic centre, extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country.

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American Heart Association

The American Heart Association (AHA) is a non-profit organization in the United States that fosters appropriate cardiac care in an effort to reduce disability and deaths caused by cardiovascular disease and stroke.

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Anterograde amnesia

Anterograde amnesia is a loss of the ability to create new memories after the event that caused the amnesia, leading to a partial or complete inability to recall the recent past, while long-term memories from before the event remain intact.

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Arak (drink)

Arak or araq (عرق, ערק) is a Levantine alcoholic spirit (~40–63% Alc. Vol./~80–126 proof, commonly 50% Alc. Vol./100 proof) in the anise drinks family.

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Arrack

Arrack, also spelt arak, is a distilled alcoholic drink typically produced in the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia, made from either the fermented sap of coconut flowers, sugarcane, grain (e.g. red rice) or fruit, depending upon the country of origin.

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Atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF or A-fib) is an abnormal heart rhythm characterized by rapid and irregular beating of the atria.

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Awamori

Awamori (泡盛) is an alcoholic beverage indigenous and unique to Okinawa, Japan.

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Baijiu

Baijiu, also known as shaojiu, is a category of at least a dozen Chinese liquors made from grain.

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Beer

Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea.

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Binge drinking

Binge drinking, or heavy episodic drinking, is a modern epithet for drinking alcoholic beverages with an intention of becoming intoxicated by heavy consumption of alcohol over a short period of time.

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Black Death

The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or simply the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351.

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Blood alcohol content

Blood alcohol content (BAC), also called blood alcohol concentration, blood ethanol concentration, or blood alcohol level, is most commonly used as a metric of alcohol intoxication for legal or medical purposes.

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Borovička

Borovička (also known as Juniper brandy) is a Slovak alcoholic beverage flavored with juniper berries.

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Bottled in bond

Bottled in bond is a label for an American-made distilled beverage that has been aged and bottled according to a set of legal regulations contained in the United States government's Standards of Identity for Distilled Spirits, as originally laid out in the Bottled-in-Bond Act of 1897.

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Brandy

Brandy is a spirit produced by distilling wine.

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Cachaça

Cachaça is a distilled spirit made from fermented sugarcane juice.

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Carbonated water

Carbonated water (bubbly water, fizzy water) is water into which carbon dioxide gas under pressure has been dissolved, either by technology or by a natural geologic source.

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Cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels.

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Cask strength

Cask strength (also known as barrel proof) is a term used in whisky-making to describe the level of alcohol-by-volume (abv) strength that is used for a whisky during its storage in a cask for maturation – typically in the range of 60–65% abv.

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Charsadda

Charsadda (چارسده, چارسده) is a town and headquarters of Charsadda District, in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

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Cider

Cider is an alcoholic beverage made from the fermented juice of apples.

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Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver does not function properly due to long-term damage.

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Cocktail

When used to refer to any generic alcoholic mixed drink, cocktail may mean any beverage that contains three or more ingredients if at least one of those ingredients contains alcohol.

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Cocktail glass

A cocktail glass is a stemmed glass with an inverted cone bowl, mainly used to serve straight-up cocktails.

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Cola

Cola is a sweetened, carbonated soft drink, made from ingredients that contain caffeine from the kola nut and non-cocaine derivatives from coca leaves, flavored with vanilla and other ingredients.

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Coma

Coma is a state of unconsciousness in which a person cannot be awaken; fails to respond normally to painful stimuli, light, or sound; lacks a normal wake-sleep cycle; and does not initiate voluntary actions.

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Concentration

In chemistry, concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture.

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County of Katzenelnbogen

The County of Katzenelnbogen (named after Chatti Melibokus) was an immediate state of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Delhi Sultanate

The Delhi Sultanate (Persian:دهلی سلطان, Urdu) was a Muslim sultanate based mostly in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years (1206–1526).

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Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.

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Distillation

Distillation is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by selective boiling and condensation.

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Distilled water

Distilled water is water that has been boiled into steam and condensed back into liquid in a separate container.

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Driving under the influence

Driving under the influence (DUI), driving while impaired/driving while intoxicated (DWI), operating while intoxicated (OWI), or drink-driving (UK) is currently the crime or offense of driving or operating a motor vehicle while impaired by alcohol or other drugs (including recreational drugs and those prescribed by physicians), to a level that renders the driver incapable of operating a motor vehicle safely.

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Eau de vie

An eau de vie (French for spirits, – French version of European Union spirits regulations literally "water of life") is a clear, colourless fruit brandy that is produced by means of fermentation and double distillation.

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Egypt (Roman province)

The Roman province of Egypt (Aigyptos) was established in 30 BC after Octavian (the future emperor Augustus) defeated his rival Mark Antony, deposed Queen Cleopatra VII, and annexed the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt to the Roman Empire.

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Elixir

An elixir (from Arabic: إكسير Iksīr; from Greek ξήριον xērion "powder for drying wounds" from ξηρός xēros "dry") is a clear, sweet-flavored liquid used for medicinal purposes, to be taken orally and intended to cure one's illness.

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Erguotou

Erguotou, also known as Chinese white liquor is a Chinese alcoholic beverage.

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Ethanol

Ethanol, also called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, and drinking alcohol, is a chemical compound, a simple alcohol with the chemical formula.

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Ethanol fermentation

Ethanol fermentation, also called alcoholic fermentation, is a biological process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products.

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Euphoria

Euphoria is an affective state in which a person experiences pleasure or excitement and intense feelings of well-being and happiness.

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Feni (liquor)

Feni (sometimes spelled fenno or fenim) is a spirit produced exclusively in Goa, India.

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Fermentation

Fermentation is a metabolic process that consumes sugar in the absence of oxygen.

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Flambé

Flambé (also spelled flambe) is a cooking procedure in which alcohol is added to a hot pan to create a burst of flames.

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Flash point

The flash point of a volatile material is the lowest temperature at which vapours of the material will ignite, when given an ignition source.

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Fortified wine

Fortified wine is a wine to which a distilled spirit, usually brandy, is added.

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Fractional distillation

Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions.

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Fractional freezing

Fractional freezing is a process used in process engineering and chemistry to separate substances with different melting points.

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Frangelico

Frangelico is a brand of noisette (hazelnut) and herb-flavored liqueur (coloured with caramel coloring) which is produced in Canale, Italy.

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Gandhara

Gandhāra was an ancient kingdom situated along the Kabul and Swat rivers of Afghanistan and Pakistan.

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Gin

Gin is liquor which derives its predominant flavour from juniper berries (Juniperus communis).

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Grand Marnier

Grand Marnier Cordon Rouge is an orange-flavored liqueur created in 1880 by Alexandre Marnier-Lapostolle.

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Grappa

Grappa is an alcoholic beverage, a fragrant, grape-based pomace brandy of Italian origin that contains 35 to 60 percent alcohol by volume (70 to 120 US proof).

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Han dynasty

The Han dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China (206 BC–220 AD), preceded by the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD). Spanning over four centuries, the Han period is considered a golden age in Chinese history. To this day, China's majority ethnic group refers to themselves as the "Han Chinese" and the Chinese script is referred to as "Han characters". It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han, and briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) of the former regent Wang Mang. This interregnum separates the Han dynasty into two periods: the Western Han or Former Han (206 BC–9 AD) and the Eastern Han or Later Han (25–220 AD). The emperor was at the pinnacle of Han society. He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class. The Han Empire was divided into areas directly controlled by the central government using an innovation inherited from the Qin known as commanderies, and a number of semi-autonomous kingdoms. These kingdoms gradually lost all vestiges of their independence, particularly following the Rebellion of the Seven States. From the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 141–87 BC) onward, the Chinese court officially sponsored Confucianism in education and court politics, synthesized with the cosmology of later scholars such as Dong Zhongshu. This policy endured until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911 AD. The Han dynasty saw an age of economic prosperity and witnessed a significant growth of the money economy first established during the Zhou dynasty (c. 1050–256 BC). The coinage issued by the central government mint in 119 BC remained the standard coinage of China until the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD). The period saw a number of limited institutional innovations. To finance its military campaigns and the settlement of newly conquered frontier territories, the Han government nationalized the private salt and iron industries in 117 BC, but these government monopolies were repealed during the Eastern Han dynasty. Science and technology during the Han period saw significant advances, including the process of papermaking, the nautical steering ship rudder, the use of negative numbers in mathematics, the raised-relief map, the hydraulic-powered armillary sphere for astronomy, and a seismometer for measuring earthquakes employing an inverted pendulum. The Xiongnu, a nomadic steppe confederation, defeated the Han in 200 BC and forced the Han to submit as a de facto inferior partner, but continued their raids on the Han borders. Emperor Wu launched several military campaigns against them. The ultimate Han victory in these wars eventually forced the Xiongnu to accept vassal status as Han tributaries. These campaigns expanded Han sovereignty into the Tarim Basin of Central Asia, divided the Xiongnu into two separate confederations, and helped establish the vast trade network known as the Silk Road, which reached as far as the Mediterranean world. The territories north of Han's borders were quickly overrun by the nomadic Xianbei confederation. Emperor Wu also launched successful military expeditions in the south, annexing Nanyue in 111 BC and Dian in 109 BC, and in the Korean Peninsula where the Xuantu and Lelang Commanderies were established in 108 BC. After 92 AD, the palace eunuchs increasingly involved themselves in court politics, engaging in violent power struggles between the various consort clans of the empresses and empresses dowager, causing the Han's ultimate downfall. Imperial authority was also seriously challenged by large Daoist religious societies which instigated the Yellow Turban Rebellion and the Five Pecks of Rice Rebellion. Following the death of Emperor Ling (r. 168–189 AD), the palace eunuchs suffered wholesale massacre by military officers, allowing members of the aristocracy and military governors to become warlords and divide the empire. When Cao Pi, King of Wei, usurped the throne from Emperor Xian, the Han dynasty would eventually collapse and ceased to exist.

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Hebei

Hebei (postal: Hopeh) is a province of China in the North China region.

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Homebrewing

Homebrewing is the brewing of beer on a small scale for personal, non-commercial purposes.

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Horilka

Horilka (горілка, гарэлка) is a Ukrainian alcoholic beverage.

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Hypertension

Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.

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Hypoventilation

Hypoventilation (also known as respiratory depression) occurs when ventilation is inadequate (hypo meaning "below") to perform needed gas exchange.

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Ice cube

An ice cube is a small, roughly cube-shaped piece of ice (frozen water), conventionally used to cool beverages.

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Indian subcontinent

The Indian subcontinent is a southern region and peninsula of Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate and projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas.

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Irfan Habib

Irfan Habib (born 1931) is an Indian historian of ancient and medieval India, following the approach of Marxist historiography.

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Irish whiskey

Irish whiskey (Fuisce or uisce beatha) is whiskey made on the island of Ireland.

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Jenever

Jenever, also known as genièvre, genever, peket, or in the English-speaking world as Dutch gin or Hollands (archaic: Holland gin or Geneva gin), is the juniper-flavored national and traditional liquor of the Netherlands and Belgium, from which gin evolved.

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Jin dynasty (1115–1234)

The Jin dynasty, officially known as the Great Jin, lasted from 1115 to 1234 as one of the last dynasties in Chinese history to predate the Mongol invasion of China.

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Juice

Juice is a drink made from the extraction or pressing of the natural liquid contained in fruit and vegetables.

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Lethargy

Lethargy is a state of tiredness, weariness, fatigue, or lack of energy.

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Liqueur

A liqueur is an alcoholic beverage made from a distilled spirit that has been flavored with either fruit, cream, herbs, spices, flowers or nuts, and is bottled with added sugars and other sweeteners (such as high-fructose corn syrup).

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Liquor

Liquor (also hard liquor, hard alcohol, or spirits) is an alcoholic drink produced by distillation of grains, fruit, or vegetables that have already gone through alcoholic fermentation.

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Liquor (novel series)

The Liquor novel series is a novel series by Poppy Z. Brite.

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Liquor store

A liquor store is a retail shop that predominantly sells prepackaged alcoholic beverages — typically in bottles — intended to be consumed off the store's premises.

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List of alcoholic drinks

This is a list of alcoholic drinks.

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List of drinks

Drinks are liquids that can be consumed.

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List of national liquors

This is a list of national liquors.

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Mama Juana

Mama Juana (or Mamajuana) is a drink from the Dominican Republic that is concocted by allowing rum, red wine, and honey to soak in a bottle with tree bark and herbs.

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Mead

Mead (archaic and dialectal meath or meathe, from Old English medu) is an alcoholic beverage created by fermenting honey with water, sometimes with various fruits, spices, grains, or hops.

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Mezcal

Mezcal (or mescal) is a distilled alcoholic beverage made from any type of agave.

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Microbrewery

A microbrewery or craft brewery is a brewery that produces small amounts of beer (or sometimes root beer), typically much smaller than large-scale corporate breweries, and is independently owned.

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Microdistillery

A microdistillery is a small, often boutique-style distillery established to produce beverage grade spirit alcohol in relatively small quantities, usually done in single batches (as opposed to larger distillers' continuous distilling process).

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Middle East

The Middle Easttranslit-std; translit; Orta Şərq; Central Kurdish: ڕۆژھەڵاتی ناوین, Rojhelatî Nawîn; Moyen-Orient; translit; translit; translit; Rojhilata Navîn; translit; Bariga Dhexe; Orta Doğu; translit is a transcontinental region centered on Western Asia, Turkey (both Asian and European), and Egypt (which is mostly in North Africa).

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Moonshine

Moonshine was originally a slang term for high-proof distilled spirits usually produced illicitly, without government authorization.

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Old Fashioned glass

The Old Fashioned glass or rocks glass is a short tumbler used for serving spirits, such as whisky, with ice cubes ("on the rocks").

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Orujo

Orujo is a pomace brandy (a liquor obtained from the distillation of marc, the solid remains left after pressing of the grape) from northern Spain.

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Ouzo

Ouzo (ούζο) is a dry anise-flavoured aperitif that is widely consumed in Greece, Cyprus, Lebanon and Israel.

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Oxford English Dictionary

The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is the main historical dictionary of the English language, published by the Oxford University Press.

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Pakistan

Pakistan (پاکِستان), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاکِستان), is a country in South Asia.

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Pálinka

Pálinka is a traditional fruit brandy in Central Europe with origins from the Hungarian Carpathian Basin, known under several names, and invented in the Middle Ages.

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Pearson Education

Pearson Education (see also Pearson PLC) is a British-owned education publishing and assessment service to schools and corporations, as well as directly to students.

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Per capita

Per capita is a Latin prepositional phrase: per (preposition, taking the accusative case, meaning "by means of") and capita (accusative plural of the noun caput, "head").

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Pisco

Pisco is a colorless or yellowish-to-amber colored brandy produced in winemaking regions of Peru and Chile.

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Poitín

Poitín, anglicized as potcheen, poteen or potheen, is a traditional Irish distilled beverage (40%–90% ABV).

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Pulmonary aspiration

Pulmonary aspiration is the entry of material (such as pharyngeal secretions, food or drink, or stomach contents) from the oropharynx or gastrointestinal tract into the larynx (voice box) and lower respiratory tract (the portions of the respiratory system from the trachea—i.e., windpipe—to the lungs).

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Rakı

Raki or rakı is an unsweetened, occasionally (depending on area of production) anise-flavored, alcoholic drink that is popular in Albania and Greece (where it is distinctly different and comes as an unflavoured distillate, unlike its Turkish counterpart), Iran, Turkic countries, and in the Balkan countries as an apéritif.

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Rakia

Rakia or Rakija is the collective term for fruit brandy popular in the Balkans.

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Rượu đế

Rượu đế is a distilled liquor from Vietnam, made of either glutinous or non-glutinous rice.

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Recreational drug use

Recreational drug use is the use of a psychoactive drug to induce an altered state of consciousness for pleasure, by modifying the perceptions, feelings, and emotions of the user.

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Rectified spirit

Rectified spirit, also known as neutral spirits, rectified alcohol, or ethyl alcohol of agricultural origin is highly concentrated ethanol which has been purified by means of repeated distillation, a process that is called rectification.

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Retort

In a chemistry laboratory, a retort is a glassware device used for distillation or dry distillation of substances.

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Rum

Rum is a distilled alcoholic beverage made from sugarcane byproducts, such as molasses or honeys, or directly from sugarcane juice, by a process of fermentation and distillation.

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Sake

, also spelled saké, also referred to as a Japanese rice wine, is an alcoholic beverage made by fermenting rice that has been polished to remove the bran.

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Schnapps

Schnapps or schnaps is a type of alcoholic beverage that may take several forms, including distilled fruit brandies, herbal liqueurs, infusions, and "flavored liqueurs" made by adding fruit syrups, spices, or artificial flavorings to neutral grain spirits.

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Schola Medica Salernitana

The Schola Medica Salernitana (Scuola Medica Salernitana) was a late Medieval medical school, the first and most important of its kind.

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Scotch whisky

Scotch whisky (often simply called Scotch) is malt whisky or grain whisky made in Scotland.

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Sedation

Sedation is the reduction of irritability or agitation by administration of sedative drugs, generally to facilitate a medical procedure or diagnostic procedure.

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Shōchū

is a Japanese distilled beverage less than 45% alcohol by volume.

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Shooter (drink)

A shooter, or shot, is a small serving of spirits or a mixed drink (usually about one ounce), typically consumed quickly, often in a single gulp.

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Slivovitz

Slivovitz, Šljivovica, Śliwowica, Slivovitza, Schlivowitz, Slivovitsa, Slivovice, Slivovica or Slivovka is a fruit brandy made from damson plums, often referred to as plum brandy.

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Snaps

Snaps is a Swedish and Danish word for a small shot of a strong alcoholic beverage taken during the course of a meal.

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Soju

Soju (from Korean) is a clear, colorless distilled beverage of Korean origin.

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Song dynasty

The Song dynasty (960–1279) was an era of Chinese history that began in 960 and continued until 1279.

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Spirit

A spirit is a supernatural being, often but not exclusively a non-physical entity; such as a ghost, fairy, or angel.

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Still

A still is an apparatus used to distill liquid mixtures by heating to selectively boil and then cooling to condense the vapor.

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Stroke

A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death.

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Stupor

Stupor (from Latin stupere, "be stunned or amazed") is the lack of critical mental function and a level of consciousness wherein a sufferer is almost entirely unresponsive and only responds to base stimuli such as pain.

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Taddeo Alderotti

Taddeo Alderotti (Latin: Thaddaeus Alderottus, French: Thaddée de Florence), born in Florence between 1206 and 1215, died in 1295, was an Italian doctor and professor of medicine at the University of Bologna, who made important contributions to the renaissance of learned medicine in Europe during the High Middle Ages.

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Taxila

Taxila (from Pāli: Takkasilā, Sanskrit: तक्षशिला,, meaning "City of Cut Stone" or " Rock") is a town and an important archaeological site in the Rawalpindi District of the Punjab, Pakistan, situated about north-west of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, just off the famous Grand Trunk Road.

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Tequila

Tequila is a regional distilled beverage and type of alcoholic drink made from the blue agave plant, primarily in the area surrounding the city of Tequila, northwest of Guadalajara, and in the highlands (Los Altos) of the central western Mexican state of Jalisco.

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Tonic water

Tonic water (or Indian tonic water) is a carbonated soft drink in which quinine is dissolved.

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Tsikoudia

Tsikoudia (τσικουδιά) – also commonly raki (ρακί) in the eastern part of Crete – is an alcoholic beverage, a fragrant, grape-based pomace brandy of Cretan origin that contains 25% to 32% alcohol by volume.

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Tsipouro

Tsipouro (τσίπουρο) is a pomace brandy from Greece and in particular Thessaly, Epirus, Macedonia, and the island of Crete (where Cretans call it tsikoudia).

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UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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Vodka

Vodka (wódka, водка) is a distilled beverage composed primarily of water and ethanol, but sometimes with traces of impurities and flavorings.

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Whisky

Whisky or whiskey is a type of distilled alcoholic beverage made from fermented grain mash.

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Wine

Wine is an alcoholic beverage made from grapes fermented without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, water, or other nutrients.

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World Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO; French: Organisation mondiale de la santé) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health.

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Yeast

Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquor

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