Communication

1258 relations: A Little Pretty Pocket-Book, Aérospatiale, Aberdeen, Abraham Darby I, Abraham Darby III, Acetylcholine, Achromatic lens, Ada Lovelace, Adam Ferguson, Adam Osborne, Adam Smith, Adjustable spanner, Advanced Passenger Train, Aerial steam carriage, Aeronautics, Aerospace engineering, Aethrioscope, Agnosticism, Aileron, Air force, Aircraft carrier, Alan Blumlein, Alan Cox, Alan Turing, Alastair Pilkington, Albert Beaumont Wood, Albert E. Richardson, Alec Jeffreys, Alexander Bain (inventor), Alexander Crum Brown, Alexander Fleming, Alexander Graham Bell, Alexander John Forsyth, Alexander Parkes, Alexander Wood (physician), Alexandra Palace, Alick Glennie, All-terrain vehicle, Allergic rhinitis, Alloy, Almroth Wright, Aluminium, Ambrotype, American Civil War, Amicable Society for a Perpetual Assurance Office, An Essay on the History of Civil Society, An Essay on the Principle of Population, Analog computer, Analytical Engine, Anchor escapement, ..., Andre Geim, Andrew Gordon (Benedictine), Andrew Meikle, Andrew Morton (computer programmer), Anesthesia, Anesthetic, Anglepoise lamp, Anglicanism, Antiseptic, Antony Hewish, Aperture synthesis, Archer Martin, Archibald Low, Argon, Ariel (moon), ARM architecture, Armstrong Gun, Arnold Wilkins, Aromatic hydrocarbon, Arsenic, Arthur C. Clarke, Arthur Eddington, Arthur Holmes, Arthur Pollen, Arthur Wynne, Arts festival, Aspirin, Association football, Asthma, Atari Portfolio, Atlas (computer), Atmometer, Atom, Atomic number, Atomic theory, Atwood machine, Autocode, Automated teller machine, Automatic Computing Engine, Automatic lubricator, Automatic watch, Aviation, Baby Buggy, Baby transport, Backhoe loader, Bacon's cipher, Baconian method, Badminton, Bailey bridge, Balance wheel, Balloon, Bank of England, Bank of France, Bank of Scotland, Barnardo's, Barnes Wallis, Barometer, Baseball, Bassoon, Bayko, BBC, BBC One, Beagle 2, Beam engine, Beef, Belisha beacon, Bell Punch, Benjamin Huntsman, Benzene, Bernard Lovell, Bessemer process, Beta blocker, Bible, Bicycle, Big Bang, Bill Moggridge, Binary data, Binary star, Bit slicing, Black hole, Blackburn Buccaneer, Bladon Jets, Blast furnace, Blood, Blood transfusion, Bobbinet, Bombe, Bone china, Boolean algebra, Boron, Bouncing bomb, Bovril, Bowden cable, Bowls, Boxing, Boxlock action, Boy Scouts, Boys' Brigade, Bragg's law, Breast cancer, British Aircraft Corporation, British people, British Rail, British School of Motoring, Broadcasting, Brucellosis, Bryan Jennett, Buckminsterfullerene, Bullpup, C. F. Powell, Calculator, Calculus, Calotype, Camber (aerodynamics), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, Can opener, Cancer, Carbon fiber reinforced polymer, Carbon fibers, Carbonation, Carcinogen, Carey Foster, Carey Foster bridge, Cast iron, Cat's eye (road), Cataract, Cathode ray tube, Cavity magnetron, CDC 6600, Cell (biology), Cell biology, Cell nucleus, Celluloid, Central processing unit, Centrifugal governor, CERN, Chain reaction, Charles Algernon Parsons, Charles Babbage, Charles Darwin, Charles Henry Foyle, Charles K. Kao, Charles Macintosh, Charles Plimpton, Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, Charles Waterton, Charles Wesley, Charles Wheatstone, Cheltenham Literature Festival, Chemical bond, Chloroform, Chobham armour, Chocolate bar, Cholera, Christmas card, Christopher Cockerell, Christopher Strachey, Chromatography, Cinematography, Cinnamic acid, Classical economics, Classical liberalism, Claw crane, Clifford Allbutt, Clifford Cocks, Clive Sinclair, Cloning, Cloud, Cloud chamber, Coaxial escapement, Coggeshall slide rule, Colin Chapman, Collodion process, Collodion-albumen process, Colloid, Color photography, Color television, Colossus computer, Combustion, Comptometer, Computation, Computer music, Concertina, Concorde, Congreve rocket, Contact process, Continuous track, Control unit, Cooke and Wheatstone telegraph, Cor anglais, Cordite, Corkscrew, Cornelis Drebbel, Cornelius Varley, Cosmology, Coumarin, Cragside, Cricket, Cromoglicic acid, Crookes tube, Crossword, Crucible steel, CT scan, Cue sports, Culture, Cumbria, Dairy farming, Dalton's law, Dan Albone, Daniell cell, Darts, David Braben, David Brewster, David Bruce (microbiologist), David Edward Hughes, David Stirling, Davy lamp, De Havilland Comet, Dennis Gabor, Dennistoun Burney, Denotational semantics, Denys Fisher, Depth charge, Desalination, Diaphragm (optics), Diesel engine, Difference engine, Disc brake, Discovery (observation), Dishwasher, Diving bell, DNA, DNA database, DNA profiling, DNA sequencing, Dolly (sheep), Donald Bailey (civil engineer), Donald Davies, Dorothy Hodgkin, Double-barreled shotgun, Drag (physics), Drainage, Dreadnought, Dry plate, Dugald Clerk, Dundee, Dynasphere, Eadweard Muybridge, Eddington luminosity, Edgar Purnell Hooley, Edmond Halley, Edmondson railway ticket, Edmund Cartwright, EDSAC 2, Edward Craven Walker, Edward Henry Sieveking, Edward Jenner, Edward Stone (natural philosopher), Edward Weston (chemist), Edwin Beard Budding, Electric clock, Electric generator, Electrical network, Electrical telegraph, Electricity, Electrocardiography, Electroluminescence, Electromagnet, Electromagnetic induction, Electromagnetism, Electron, Electronic delay storage automatic calculator, Electroplating, Electroscope, Electrostatic generator, Electrostatic motor, Elite (video game), Embryonic stem cell, Emergency telephone number, Enceladus, Encyclopædia Britannica, England, English Electric Lightning, Enigma machine, Epidemiology, Epilepsy, Equals sign, Eric A. Sykes, Eric Laithwaite, Ernest Rutherford, Ernest Swinton, Ernest Walton, Eukaryote, Euphemism, European science in the Middle Ages, European Space Agency, Extrusion, F. W. Jordan, Factory system, Fairbairn–Sykes fighting knife, Faraday cage, Faraday's law of induction, Fax, Ferranti Mark 1, Ferrocene, Fertilizer, Fibrinogen, Field hockey, FIFA, Fighter aircraft, Film, Fingerprint, Fire engine, Fire extinguisher, Firearm, First law of thermodynamics, Flip-flop (electronics), Float glass, Flush toilet, Flying shuttle, Folding carton, Forceps, Forensic science, Formula One, Foster, Rastrick and Company, Francis Bacon, Francis Crick, Francis Galton, Francis Herbert Wenham, Francis Pettit Smith, Francis Thomas Bacon, Francis turbine, Frank Barnwell, Frank Blackmore, Frank Hornby, Frank Whittle, Fred Hoyle, Frederic Calland Williams, Frederick Abel, Frederick Bakewell, Frederick G. Creed, Frederick Gowland Hopkins, Frederick Kipping, Frederick Sanger, Frederick Scott Archer, Frederick Soddy, Frederick W. Lanchester, Frederick Walton, Fresno scraper, Froth flotation, Fuel cell, Fuse (explosives), Gas mask, Gas turbine, General anaesthetic, Geoffrey Dummer, Geoffrey Pyke, Geoffrey Wilkinson, Geordie lamp, George Adams (instrument maker, elder), George Albert Smith, George Atwood, George Biddell Airy, George Boole, George Cayley, George Daniels (watchmaker), George Fox, George Garrett (inventor), George Hockham, George Julius, George Richards Elkington, George Stephenson, George William Gray, George William Manby, George Williams (YMCA), Geosynchronous satellite, Giles Brindley, Girl Guides, Glasgow Coma Scale, Glee club, Glider (aircraft), Global warming, Godfrey Hounsfield, Golf, Government Communications Headquarters, Graham Teasdale (physician), Grandfather clock, Graphene, Graphic telescope, Grasshopper escapement, Gray's Anatomy, Great Gable, Great Western Railway, Gregorian telescope, Grid Compass, Gridiron pendulum, Guglielmo Marconi, Gunpowder, Guy Stewart Callendar, Gyroscope, H. J. Round, H2S (radar), Halley's Comet, Handheld television, Hansom cab, Harold Ridley (ophthalmologist), Harrier Jump Jet, Harrow School, Harry Boot, Harry Brearley, Harry John Lawson, Harry Kroto, Hatton Garden, Hawk-Eye, Hawker Siddeley P.1127, Hawking radiation, Hay, Head-up display, Helium, Henry Bessemer, Henry Cavendish, Henry Cole, Henry Faulds, Henry Fleuss, Henry Fourdrinier, Henry Fox Talbot, Henry Gray, Henry Hallett Dale, Henry Hindley, Henry Maudslay, Henry Mill, Henry Moseley, Henry O'Reilly, Henry Shrapnel, Henry VIII of England, Herbert Akroyd Stuart, Higgs boson, High-explosive squash head, Hip replacement, Hiram Maxim, History of human-powered aircraft, History of radar, History of the formation of the United Kingdom, HMS Argus (I49), HMS Dreadnought (1906), HMS Trusty, Holography, Hooke's law, Hornsby-Akroyd oil engine, Horstmann suspension, Hot-bulb engine, HOTOL, Hovercraft, Hubert Cecil Booth, Human power, Humphry Davy, Husky (computer), Hydraulic accumulator, Hydraulic press, Hydroelectricity, Hydrofoil, Hydrogen, Hydrophone, Hyperion (moon), Hypnosis, Ian Bell, Ian Cullimore, Ian Donald, Ian Wilmut, In vitro fertilisation, Incandescent light bulb, Index register, Industrial Revolution, Inflatable boat, Innovation, Insulin, Integrated circuit, Interleaved memory, Internal combustion engine, International System of Units, Interrupt, Intraocular lens, Intron, Invention, Iris recognition, Irish whiskey, Ironstone china, Isaac Holden, Isaac Newton, Isaac Pitman, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, Isle of Wight, Isotope, J. J. Thomson, J. S. Fry & Sons, James Anderson of Hermiston, James Ayscough, James B. Francis, James Black (pharmacologist), James Blundell (physician), James Bowman Lindsay, James Braid (surgeon), James Chadwick, James Chalmers (inventor), James Clerk Maxwell, James David Forbes, James Dewar, James Dyson, James Goodfellow, James Gregory (mathematician), James Hargreaves, James Henry Greathead, James Marsh (chemist), James Parkinson, James Pickard, James Porteous, James Prescott Joule, James Puckle, James Small (inventor), James Smith (inventor), James Starley, James Watson, James Wimshurst, James Young (chemist), James Young Simpson, Jameson Irish Whiskey, Jasperware, Jedediah Strutt, Jeremy Bentham, Jet airliner, Jet engine, Jethro Tull (agriculturist), John Ambrose Fleming, John Barber (engineer), John Bennet Lawes, John Bird (astronomer), John Bostock (physician), John Boyd Dunlop, John Boyd Orr, John Braithwaite (engineer), John Broadwood, John Charnley, John Cockcroft, John Couch Adams, John Crofton, John Dalton, John Daugman, John Dollond, John Edward Gray, John Fowler (agricultural engineer), John Frederic Daniell, John Hadley, John Harington (writer), John Harrison, John Harwood (watchmaker), John Heathcoat, John Holland (banker), John Isaac Hawkins, John Isaac Thornycroft, John Kay (flying shuttle), John Kay (spinning frame), John Kemp Starley, John Law (economist), John Lawson Johnston, John Leslie (physicist), John Locke, John Logie Baird, John Loudon McAdam, John Macleod (physiologist), John Mallard, John Maynard Keynes, John Michell, John Milne, John Napier, John Nevil Maskelyne, John Newbery, John Newlands (chemist), John Ramsbottom (engineer), John Randall (physicist), John Raymond Hobbs, John Roebuck, John Serson, John Shore (trumpeter), John Snow, John Stringfellow, John Theophilus Desaguliers, John Tyndall, John Venn, John von Neumann, John Walker (inventor), John Wesley, John West (captain), John Wilkins, John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, Joseph Aspdin, Joseph Bamford, Joseph Black, Joseph Bramah, Joseph Day (inventor), Joseph Hansom, Joseph Lister, Joseph Paxton, Joseph Priestley, Joseph Swan, Joseph Whitworth, Josiah Spode, Josiah Wedgwood, Joule, Kaleidoscope, Kane Kramer, Karl J. Friston, Keiller's marmalade, Keith Campbell (biologist), Kelvin, Kennelly–Heaviside layer, Kenyon Taylor, Kettle, Keynesian Revolution, Killingworth locomotives, Kinemacolor, Kinetoscope, Kirkpatrick Macmillan, Konstantin Novoselov, Land speed record, Laptop, Large Hadron Collider, Latent heat, Lava lamp, Law of multiple proportions, Lawn mower, Lawrence Bragg, Lead chamber process, LEO (computer), Leo Szilard, Leslie Hore-Belisha, Leukemia, Lever escapement, Lewis Fry Richardson, LGOC B-type, Lifeboat (rescue), Lift (soaring), Light switch, Light-emitting diode, Lime cordial, Linear motor, Linoleum, Linux kernel, Lionel Lukin, Liquid-crystal display, List of animals that have been cloned, List of English inventions and discoveries, List of English inventors and designers, List of Welsh inventors, Livens Projector, Liverpool and Manchester Railway, LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman, Locomotion No. 1, Locomotive, Logarithm, London, London Underground, Longitude, Loom, Lorgnette, Lotus 25, Louis Essen, Louise Brown, Ludwig Guttmann, Luke Howard, Luminosity, Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron Playfair, Macadam, Macaulay Institute, Macaulayite, Mackintosh, Maglev, Magnetic resonance imaging, Magneto-optic effect, Magnifying glass, Main battle tank, Malaria, Malthusianism, Manchester Baby, Manchester Mark 1, Marine chronometer, Marine Police Force, Mark Napier (historian), Mars Express, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, Marsh test, Martin Evans, Martin Ryle, Martina Bergman-Österberg, Mass spectrometry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Match, Matthew Murray, Matthew Piers Watt Boulton, Maurice Wilkes, Mauveine, Maxim gun, Measuring instrument, Meccano, Mechanical calculator, Mechanical pencil, Mechanical television, Medical thermometer, Medical ultrasound, Meson, Metamaterial, Meteorology, Methodism, Metric system, Metropolitan Police Service, Metropolitan-Vickers, Metrovick 950, Michael Faraday, Microcode, Micrometer, Microscope, Microwave, Mimas (moon), Minister (Christianity), Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom), Molecular biology, Monocalcium phosphate, Monocoque, Moon, Mosquito, Mousetrap, Movie projector, MP3 player, MTV-1, Multiplication, Mushet steel, Myles Coverdale, NASA, National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom), Natural rubber, Nature (journal), Nature reserve, Neil Bartlett (chemist), Neptune, Netball, Network Rail, Neutron, New York City Subway, Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcomen atmospheric engine, Newton's laws of motion, Newtonian telescope, Nicholas J. Phillips, Nigel Gresley, Nitrous oxide, Nobel Foundation, Noble gas, Norman Lockyer, Northumberland, Northumbrian smallpipes, Norwich, Nuclear fission, Nuclear transfer, Nutrition, Oberon (moon), Oboe, Octant (instrument), Oil refinery, Oliver Heaviside, Olympic Games, Operating system, Optical fiber, Orthopedic surgery, Osborne 1, Owen Finlay Maclaren, Oxford, Oxford University Press, OXO, Oxygen, Packet switching, Paging, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Palace of Westminster, Palmtop PC, Paper machine, Parachute, Paralympic Games, Park, Parkes process, Parkinson's disease, Patent, Patrick Bell, Patrick Steptoe, Paul Baran, Pay toilet, PC game, Pencil, Penicillin, Penny Black, Penny-farthing, Percivall Pott, Percussion cap, Percy Shaw, Perfume, Periodic table, Periodic trends, Perkin reaction, Personal identification number, Peter Dollond, Peter Durand, Peter Hardeman Burnett, Peter Higgs, Peter Mansfield, Philae (spacecraft), Philip Howard Colomb, Photoconductivity, Pilot ACE, Pion, Pipeline (computing), Piston ring, Pitman shorthand, Planetarium, Plasma (physics), Plastic, Plastic bullet, Plasticine, Platinum, Playfair cipher, Plough, Pocket watch, Polo, Poly(methyl methacrylate), Polymer, Polynomial, Portland cement, Postage stamp, Postcard, Postmark, Potassium, Poverty, Power loom, Prime meridian, Programmer, Propeller, Proton, Proxima Centauri, Psion (company), Psion Organiser, Puckle gun, Puffing Billy (locomotive), Pulsar, Pykrete, Quakers, Quantum gravity, Radar, Radio, Radio astronomy, Radio wave, Rail transport, Random-access memory, Rapid transit, Raspberry Pi, Rayleigh scattering, Read-only memory, Reaper, Refrigerator, Resurgam, Rex Paterson, Richard Arkwright, Richard Hall Gower, Richard J. Roberts, Richard Laurence Millington Synge, Richard Leach Maddox, Richard Lovell Edgeworth, Richard Trevithick, River Thames, Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell, Robert Bakewell (agriculturalist), Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773), Robert Cocking, Robert Edwards (physiologist), Robert Forester Mushet, Robert Grosseteste, Robert Hooke, Robert Hope-Jones, Robert Recorde, Robert Salmon (inventor), Robert Stephenson, Robert Stirling, Robert T. A. Innes, Robert Watson-Watt, Robert Whitehead, Robert William Boyle, Robert William Thomson, Rocket, Roger Altounyan, Roger Bacon, Roller printing on textiles, Ronald Ross, Rosetta (spacecraft), Roslin Institute, Roundabout, Rounders, Rowland Hill, Royal Air Force, Royal Aircraft Establishment, Royal Astronomical Society, Royal National Lifeboat Institution, Royal Oldham Hospital, Royal Radar Establishment, Royal Society, Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, RSA (cryptosystem), Rubber band, Rubber bullet, Rugby football, Rugged computer, Russell Hobbs, Russell Square, SABRE (rocket engine), Safety bicycle, Safety valve, Salamanca (locomotive), Sampson Mordan, Samuel Brown (engineer), Samuel Crompton, Samuel Fox (industrialist), Samuel Hunter Christie, Samuel Plimsoll, Sandford Fleming, Sandy Douglas, Sanitary sewer, Sans Pareil, Science and technology in the United Kingdom, Scientific method, Scientific Revolution, Scottish inventions and discoveries, Scouting, Screw thread, Screw-cutting lathe, Seat belt, Seed drill, Seismometer, Selective breeding, Selenium, Sewing machine, Sextant, Sheffield F.C., Sheffield plate, Shorthand, Shrapnel shell, Sildenafil, Silicone, Sinclair C5, Sinclair Executive, Sine, Sir Peter Halkett, 6th Baronet, Sir William Congreve, 2nd Baronet, Slide rule, Smallpox vaccine, SMS, Sniper rifle, Snooker, Sodium, Soft drink, Solar cell, Solar panel, Sonar, Sorbonne, Special Air Service, Special forces, Spinning frame, Spinning jenny, Spinning mule, Spiral galaxy, Spirograph, Spooling, SS Great Britain, Stainless steel, Stamp collecting, Standard deviation, Standard Motor Company, Statistical parametric mapping, Steam engine, Steam locomotive, Steam turbine, Steamship, Steganography, Stem cell, Stephen Hales, Stephen Hawking, Stephen Perry (inventor), Stephen Wolfram, Stephenson's Rocket, Stereophonic sound, Stereoscope, Stereotype (printing), Stirling engine, Stocking frame, Stockport, Stockton and Darlington Railway, Stoolball, Stored-program computer, Stourbridge Lion, Stun grenade, Submarine, Sumlock ANITA calculator, SUMPAC, Sun, Sunglasses, Sunspot, Supercharger, Supercomputer, Supercruise, Supersonic transport, Surface wave, Surgery, Sydney Camm, Table tennis, Tank, Tarmacadam, Team Lotus, Teasmade, Telecommunication, Telephone, Teleprinter, Telescope, Teletext, Television, Temperature, Tennis, Thallium, The Boat Race, The Code Book, The Football Association, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, The Great Exhibition, The Iron Bridge, The Salvation Army, The Troubles, The Wealth of Nations, Theatre organ, Thermosiphon, Thomas Boulsover, Thomas Edmondson, Thomas Fowler (inventor), Thomas Godfrey (inventor), Thomas Graham (chemist), Thomas Hancock (inventor), Thomas Harriot, Thomas Henry Huxley, Thomas Humber, Thomas McCall, Thomas Mudge (horologist), Thomas Newcomen, Thomas Robert Malthus, Thomas Savery, Thomas Wedgwood (photographer), Thorneycroft carbine, Thoroughbred, Three Choirs Festival, Threshing machine, Thrust, Thrust vectoring, ThrustSSC, Tilting train, Tim Berners-Lee, Timeline of Irish inventions and discoveries, Timothie Bright, Timothy Hackworth, Tin can, Tin can telephone, Tire, Titania (moon), Toaster, Tom Kilburn, Toothbrush, Torpedo, Torsion spring, Tote board, Touchpad, Track pan, Trackball, Tractor, Traffic light, Transformer, Transistor computer, Transit (ship), Transplant rejection, Tree shelter, Trevor Baylis, Trigonometric functions, Triton (moon), Tryptophan, Tuberculosis management, Tuning fork, Tunnel boring machine, Turbinia, Turret ship, Two-stroke engine, Typewriter, Typhoid fever, Umbrella, Umbriel (moon), Uniform Penny Post, Unit of measurement, United Kingdom, Universal joint, Universal Time, Universal Turing machine, University College London, University of Cambridge, University of Edinburgh, University of Hull, University of Leicester, University of Manchester, University of Southampton, University of St Andrews, Uranus, Utilitarianism, Vaccine, Vacuum cleaner, Vacuum flask, Vacuum tube, Valentine's Day, Vantablack, Venn diagram, Vickers F.B.5, Vickers Limited, Virtual memory, Vitamin, Voltage, Von Neumann architecture, VTOL, Vulcanization, Walter Parry Haskett Smith, Water, Water frame, Waterline, Watt steam engine, Weather map, Web browser, Weight, Wellington boot, Weston cell, Wheatstone bridge, Whitworth rifle, William Armstrong, 1st Baron Armstrong, William Aspdin, William Bickford (1774–1834), William Boog Leishman, William Booth, William Bourne (mathematician), William Caxton, William Crookes, William Cullen, William E. Fairbairn, William Eccles, William Fothergill Cooke, William Friese-Greene, William Gascoigne (scientist), William Ged, William Gilbert (astronomer), William Hale (British inventor), William Harbutt, William Harvey, William Hedley, William Henry Bragg, William Henry Perkin, William Herschel, William Hewson (surgeon), William Howard Livens, William Kennedy Dickson, William Kent, William Kingdon Clifford, William Lassell, William Lee (inventor), William Lindley, William Oughtred, William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse, William Paterson (banker), William Penny Brookes, William Ramsay, William Robert Grove, William Sturgeon, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, William Webb Ellis, Williams tube, Willoughby Smith, Wilson Yarn Clearer, Wimshurst machine, Wind tunnel, Wire wheel, Wolfram's 2-state 3-symbol Turing machine, Woodcut, World Digital Library, World War II, World Wide Web, WorldWideWeb, X-ray crystallography, Xenon hexafluoroplatinate, Yarn, YMCA, Zoopraxiscope, 3D computer graphics, 405-line television system, 999 (emergency telephone number). Expand index (1208 more) » « Shrink index

A Little Pretty Pocket-Book

A Little Pretty Pocket-Book, intended for the Amusement of Little Master Tommy and Pretty Miss Polly with Two Letters from Jack the Giant Killer is the title of a 1744 children's book by British publisher John Newbery.

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Aérospatiale

Aérospatiale, sometimes styled Aerospatiale, was a French state-owned aerospace manufacturer that built both civilian and military aircraft, rockets and satellites.

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Aberdeen

Aberdeen (Aiberdeen,; Obar Dheathain; Aberdonia) is Scotland's third most populous city, one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas and the United Kingdom's 37th most populous built-up area, with an official population estimate of 196,670 for the city of Aberdeen and for the local authority area.

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Abraham Darby I

Abraham Darby, in his later life called Abraham Darby the Elder, now sometimes known for convenience as Abraham Darby I (14 April 1678 – 8 March 1717) was the first and best known of several men of that name.

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Abraham Darby III

Abraham Darby III (24 April 1750 – 1789) was an English ironmaster and Quaker.

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Acetylcholine

Acetylcholine (ACh) is an organic chemical that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals, including humans, as a neurotransmitter—a chemical message released by nerve cells to send signals to other cells.

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Achromatic lens

An achromatic lens or achromat is a lens that is designed to limit the effects of chromatic and spherical aberration.

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Ada Lovelace

Augusta Ada King-Noel, Countess of Lovelace (née Byron; 10 December 1815 – 27 November 1852) was an English mathematician and writer, chiefly known for her work on Charles Babbage's proposed mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine.

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Adam Ferguson

Adam Ferguson, FRSE (Scottish Gaelic: Adhamh MacFhearghais), also known as Ferguson of Raith (1 JulyGregorian Calendar/20 JuneJulian Calendar 1723 – 22 February 1816), was a Scottish philosopher and historian of the Scottish Enlightenment.

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Adam Osborne

Adam Osborne (March 6, 1939 – March 18, 2003) was a Thailand-born British-American author, book and software publisher, and computer designer who founded several companies in the United States and elsewhere.

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Adam Smith

Adam Smith (16 June 1723 NS (5 June 1723 OS) – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish economist, philosopher and author as well as a moral philosopher, a pioneer of political economy and a key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment era.

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Adjustable spanner

An adjustable spanner (UK, and most other English-speaking countries) or adjustable wrench (US and Canada) is an open-end wrench with a movable jaw, allowing it to be used with different sizes of fastener head (nut, bolt, etc.) rather than just one fastener size, as with a conventional fixed spanner.

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Advanced Passenger Train

The Advanced Passenger Train (APT) was a tilting high speed train developed by British Rail during the 1970s and early 1980s, for use on the West Coast Main Line (WCML).

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Aerial steam carriage

The aerial steam carriage, also named Ariel, was a flying machine patented in 1842 that was supposed to carry passengers into the air.

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Aeronautics

Aeronautics (from the ancient Greek words ὰήρ āēr, which means "air", and ναυτική nautikē which means "navigation", i.e. "navigation into the air") is the science or art involved with the study, design, and manufacturing of air flight capable machines, and the techniques of operating aircraft and rockets within the atmosphere.

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Aerospace engineering

Aerospace engineering is the primary field of engineering concerned with the development of aircraft and spacecraft.

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Aethrioscope

An aethrioscope (or æthrioscope) is a meteorological device invented by Sir John Leslie in 1818 for measuring the chilling effect of a clear sky.

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Agnosticism

Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God, of the divine or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable.

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Aileron

An aileron (French for "little wing" or "fin") is a hinged flight control surface usually forming part of the trailing edge of each wing of a fixed-wing aircraft.

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Air force

An air force, also known in some countries as an aerospace force or air army, is in the broadest sense, the national military branch that primarily conducts aerial warfare.

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Aircraft carrier

An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft.

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Alan Blumlein

Alan Dower Blumlein (29 June 1903 – 7 June 1942) was an English electronics engineer, notable for his many inventions in telecommunications, sound recording, stereophonic sound, television and radar.

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Alan Cox

Alan Cox (born 22 July 1968) is a British computer programmer who has been a key figure in the development of Linux.

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Alan Turing

Alan Mathison Turing (23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English computer scientist, mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, and theoretical biologist.

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Alastair Pilkington

Sir Lionel Alexander Bethune Pilkington OBE FRS (7 January 1920 – 5 May 1995), known as Sir Alastair Pilkington, was a British engineer and businessman who invented and perfected the float glass process for commercial manufacturing of plate glass.

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Albert Beaumont Wood

Albert Beaumont Wood DSc (1890 – 19 July 1964), better known as A B Wood, was a British physicist, known for his pioneering work in the field of underwater acoustics and sonar.

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Albert E. Richardson

Albert E. Richardson was a clockmaker from Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire, who designed the first practical Teasmade.

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Alec Jeffreys

Sir Alec John Jeffreys, (born 9 January 1950) is a British geneticist, who developed techniques for genetic fingerprinting and DNA profiling which are now used worldwide in forensic science to assist police detective work and to resolve paternity and immigration disputes.

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Alexander Bain (inventor)

Alexander Bain (12 October 1811 – 2 January 1877) was a Scottish inventor and engineer who was first to invent and patent the electric clock.

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Alexander Crum Brown

Alexander Crum Brown FRSE FRS (26 March 1838 – 28 October 1922) was a Scottish organic chemist.

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Alexander Fleming

Sir Alexander Fleming (6 August 1881 – 11 March 1955) was a Scottish physician, microbiologist, and pharmacologist.

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Alexander Graham Bell

Alexander Graham Bell (March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born scientist, inventor, engineer, and innovator who is credited with inventing and patenting the first practical telephone.

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Alexander John Forsyth

Alexander John Forsyth (28 December 1769 – 11 June 1843) was a Scottish Presbyterian clergyman who invented the percussion ignition.

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Alexander Parkes

Alexander Parkes (29 December 1813 29 June 1890) was a metallurgist and inventor from Birmingham, England.

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Alexander Wood (physician)

Alexander Wood (10 December 181726 February 1884), was a Scottish physician.

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Alexandra Palace

Alexandra Palace is a Grade II listed entertainment and sports venue in London, located between Muswell Hill and Wood Green.

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Alick Glennie

Alick Edwards Glennie (1925–2003) was a British computer scientist, most famous for having developed Autocode, which many people regard as the first ever computer compiler.

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All-terrain vehicle

An all-terrain vehicle (ATV), also known as a quad, quad bike, three-wheeler, four-wheeler or quadricycle as defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a vehicle that travels on low-pressure tires, with a seat that is straddled by the operator, along with handlebars for steering control.

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Allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, is a type of inflammation in the nose which occurs when the immune system overreacts to allergens in the air.

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Alloy

An alloy is a combination of metals or of a metal and another element.

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Almroth Wright

Sir Almroth Edward Wright (10 August 1861 – 30 April 1947) was a British bacteriologist and immunologist.

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Aluminium

Aluminium or aluminum is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13.

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Ambrotype

The ambrotype (from ἀμβροτός — “immortal”, and τύπος — “impression”) or amphitype, also known as a collodion positive in the UK, is a positive photograph on glass made by a variant of the wet plate collodion process.

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American Civil War

The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865.

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Amicable Society for a Perpetual Assurance Office

Amicable Society for a Perpetual Assurance Office (a.k.a. "Amicable Society") is considered the first life insurance company in the world.

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An Essay on the History of Civil Society

An Essay on the History of Civil Society is a book by the Scottish Enlightenment philosopher Adam Ferguson, first published in 1767.

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An Essay on the Principle of Population

The book An Essay on the Principle of Population was first published anonymously in 1798, but the author was soon identified as Thomas Robert Malthus.

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Analog computer

An analog computer or analogue computer is a form of computer that uses the continuously changeable aspects of physical phenomena such as electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic quantities to model the problem being solved.

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Analytical Engine

The Analytical Engine was a proposed mechanical general-purpose computer designed by English mathematician and computer pioneer Charles Babbage.

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Anchor escapement

In horology, the anchor escapement is a type of escapement used in pendulum clocks.

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Andre Geim

Sir Andre Konstantin Geim, FRS, HonFRSC, HonFInstP (born 21 October 1958) is a Soviet-born Dutch-British physicist working in the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester.

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Andrew Gordon (Benedictine)

Andrew Gordon (15 June 1712 - 22 August 1751) was a Scottish Benedictine monk, physicist and inventor.

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Andrew Meikle

Andrew Meikle (5 May 1719 – 27 November 1811) was a Scottish mechanical engineer credited with inventing the threshing machine, a device used to remove the outer husks from grains of wheat.

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Andrew Morton (computer programmer)

Andrew Keith Paul Morton (born 1959) is an Australian software engineer, best known as one of the lead developers of the Linux kernel.

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Anesthesia

In the practice of medicine (especially surgery and dentistry), anesthesia or anaesthesia (from Greek "without sensation") is a state of temporary induced loss of sensation or awareness.

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Anesthetic

An anesthetic (or anaesthetic) is a drug to prevent pain during surgery, completely blocking any feeling as opposed to an analgesic.

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Anglepoise lamp

The Anglepoise lamp is a balanced-arm lamp designed in 1932 by British designer George Carwardine.

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Anglicanism

Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition that evolved out of the practices, liturgy and identity of the Church of England following the Protestant Reformation.

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Antiseptic

Antiseptics (from Greek ἀντί anti, "against" and σηπτικός sēptikos, "putrefactive") are antimicrobial substances that are applied to living tissue/skin to reduce the possibility of infection, sepsis, or putrefaction.

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Antony Hewish

Antony Hewish (born 11 May 1924) is a British radio astronomer who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974 (together with fellow radio-astronomer Martin Ryle) for his role in the discovery of pulsars.

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Aperture synthesis

Aperture synthesis or synthesis imaging is a type of interferometry that mixes signals from a collection of telescopes to produce images having the same angular resolution as an instrument the size of the entire collection.

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Archer Martin

Archer John Porter Martin (1 March 1910 – 28 July 2002) was an English chemist who shared the 1952 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the invention of partition chromatography with Richard Synge.

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Archibald Low

Archibald Montgomery Low (17 October 1888 – 13 September 1956) was an English consulting engineer, research physicist and inventor, and author of more than 40 books.

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Argon

Argon is a chemical element with symbol Ar and atomic number 18.

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Ariel (moon)

Ariel is the fourth-largest of the 27 known moons of Uranus.

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ARM architecture

ARM, previously Advanced RISC Machine, originally Acorn RISC Machine, is a family of reduced instruction set computing (RISC) architectures for computer processors, configured for various environments.

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Armstrong Gun

An Armstrong Gun was a uniquely designed type of rifled breech-loading field and heavy gun designed by Sir William Armstrong and manufactured in England beginning in 1855 by the Elswick Ordnance Company and the Royal Arsenal at Woolwich.

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Arnold Wilkins

Arnold Frederic Wilkins OBE (20 February 1907 – 5 August 1985) was a pioneer in developing the use of radar.

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Aromatic hydrocarbon

An aromatic hydrocarbon or arene (or sometimes aryl hydrocarbon) is a hydrocarbon with sigma bonds and delocalized pi electrons between carbon atoms forming a circle.

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Arsenic

Arsenic is a chemical element with symbol As and atomic number 33.

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Arthur C. Clarke

Sir Arthur Charles Clarke (16 December 1917 – 19 March 2008) was a British science fiction writer, science writer and futurist, inventor, undersea explorer, and television series host.

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Arthur Eddington

Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington (28 December 1882 – 22 November 1944) was an English astronomer, physicist, and mathematician of the early 20th century who did his greatest work in astrophysics.

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Arthur Holmes

Prof Arthur Holmes FRS FRSE LLD (14 January 1890 – 20 September 1965) was a British geologist who made two major contributions to the understanding of geology.

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Arthur Pollen

Arthur Joseph Hungerford Pollen (13 September 1866 – 28 January 1937) was a writer on naval affairs in the early 1900s who recognised the need for a computer-based fire-control system.

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Arthur Wynne

Arthur Wynne (June 22, 1871January 14, 1945) was the British-born inventor of the modern crossword puzzle.

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Arts festival

An arts festival is a festival that can encompass a wide range of art genres including music, dance, film, fine art, literature, poetry etc.

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Aspirin

Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a medication used to treat pain, fever, or inflammation.

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Association football

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball.

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Asthma

Asthma is a common long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs.

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Atari Portfolio

The Atari Portfolio (aka Atari PC Folio) is a IBM PC-compatible palmtop PC, and was released by Atari Corporation in June 1989, making it the world's first palmtop computer.

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Atlas (computer)

The Atlas Computer was a joint development between the University of Manchester, Ferranti, and Plessey.

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Atmometer

An atmometer or evaporimeter is a scientific instrument used for measuring the rate of water evaporation from a wet surface to the atmosphere.

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Atom

An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element.

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Atomic number

The atomic number or proton number (symbol Z) of a chemical element is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom.

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Atomic theory

In chemistry and physics, atomic theory is a scientific theory of the nature of matter, which states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms.

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Atwood machine

The Atwood machine (or Atwood's machine) was invented in 1784 by the English mathematician George Atwood as a laboratory experiment to verify the mechanical laws of motion with constant acceleration.

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Autocode

Autocode is the name of a family of "simplified coding systems", later called programming languages, devised in the 1950s and 1960s for a series of digital computers at the Universities of Manchester, Cambridge and London.

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Automated teller machine

An automated teller machine (ATM) is an electronic telecommunications device that enables customers of financial institutions to perform financial transactions, such as cash withdrawals, deposits, transfer funds, or obtaining account information, at any time and without the need for direct interaction with bank staff.

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Automatic Computing Engine

The Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) was an early electronic stored-program computer designed by Alan Turing.

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Automatic lubricator

An automatic lubricator, is a device fitted to a steam engine to supply lubricating oil to the cylinders and, sometimes, the bearings and axle box mountings as well.

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Automatic watch

An automatic or self-winding watch is a mechanical watch in which the mainspring is wound automatically as a result of the natural motion of the wearer to provide energy to run the watch, making manual winding unnecessary.

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Aviation

Aviation, or air transport, refers to the activities surrounding mechanical flight and the aircraft industry.

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Baby Buggy

Baby Buggy was founded in May 2001 by Jessica Seinfeld after the birth of her first child.

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Baby transport

Various methods of transporting children have been used in different cultures and times.

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Backhoe loader

A backhoe loader, also called a loader backhoe, digger in layman's terms, or colloquially shortened to backhoe within the industry, is a heavy equipment vehicle that consists of a tractor like unit fitted with a loader-style shovel/bucket on the front and a backhoe on the back.

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Bacon's cipher

Bacon's cipher or the Baconian cipher is a method of steganography (a method of hiding a secret message as opposed to just a cipher) devised by Francis Bacon in 1605.

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Baconian method

The Baconian method is the investigative method developed by Sir Francis Bacon.

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Badminton

Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net.

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Bailey bridge

The Bailey bridge is a type of portable, pre-fabricated, truss bridge.

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Balance wheel

A balance wheel, or balance, is the timekeeping device used in mechanical watches and some clocks, analogous to the pendulum in a pendulum clock.

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Balloon

A balloon is a flexible bag that can be inflated with a gas, such as helium, hydrogen, nitrous oxide, oxygen, air or water.

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Bank of England

The Bank of England, formally the Governor and Company of the Bank of England, is the central bank of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the model on which most modern central banks have been based.

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Bank of France

The Bank of France known in French as the Banque de France, headquartered in Paris, is the central bank of France; it is linked to the European Central Bank (ECB).

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Bank of Scotland

The Bank of Scotland plc (Bank o Scotland, Banca na h-Alba) is a commercial and clearing bank based in Edinburgh, Scotland.

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Barnardo's

Barnardo's is a British charity founded by Thomas John Barnardo in 1866, to care for vulnerable children and young people.

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Barnes Wallis

Sir Barnes Neville Wallis (26 September 1887 – 30 October 1979), was an English scientist, engineer and inventor.

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Barometer

A barometer is a scientific instrument used in meteorology to measure atmospheric pressure.

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Baseball

Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two opposing teams who take turns batting and fielding.

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Bassoon

The bassoon is a woodwind instrument in the double reed family that typically plays music written in the bass and tenor clefs, and occasionally the treble.

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Bayko

Bayko was an English building model construction toy invented by Charles Plimpton, an early plastics engineer and entrepreneur in Liverpool.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.

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BBC One

BBC One is the flagship television channel of the British Broadcasting Corporation in the United Kingdom, Isle of Man and Channel Islands.

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Beagle 2

The Beagle 2 was a British Mars lander that was transported by the European Space Agency's 2003 Mars Express mission. It was an astrobiology mission that would have looked for past life on the shallow surface of Mars. The spacecraft was successfully deployed from the Mars Express on 19 December 2003 and was scheduled to land on the surface of Mars on 25 December; however, no contact was received at the expected time of landing on Mars, with the ESA declaring the mission lost in February 2004, after numerous attempts to contact the spacecraft were made. The Beagle 2 fate remained a mystery until January 2015 when it was located intact on the surface of Mars in a series of images from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter HiRISE camera. The images suggest that two of the spacecraft's four solar panels failed to deploy, blocking the spacecraft's communications antenna. The Beagle 2 is named after, the ship used by Charles Darwin.

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Beam engine

A beam engine is a type of steam engine where a pivoted overhead beam is used to apply the force from a vertical piston to a vertical connecting rod.

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Beef

Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle, particularly skeletal muscle.

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Belisha beacon

A Belisha beacon is an amber-coloured globe lamp atop a tall black and white pole, marking pedestrian crossings of roads in the United Kingdom, Ireland and in other countries (e.g., Hong Kong, Malta, and Singapore), historically influenced by Britain.

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Bell Punch

The Bell Punch Company was a British company manufacturing a variety of business machines, most notably several generations of public transport ticket machines and the world's first desktop electronic calculator, the Sumlock ANITA.

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Benjamin Huntsman

Benjamin Huntsman (4 June 170420 June 1776) was an English inventor and manufacturer of cast or crucible steel.

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Benzene

Benzene is an important organic chemical compound with the chemical formula C6H6.

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Bernard Lovell

Sir Alfred Charles Bernard Lovell (31 August 19136 August 2012) was an English physicist and radio astronomer.

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Bessemer process

The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel from molten pig iron before the development of the open hearth furnace.

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Beta blocker

Beta blockers, also written β-blockers, are a class of medications that are particularly used to manage abnormal heart rhythms, and to protect the heart from a second heart attack (myocardial infarction) after a first heart attack (secondary prevention).

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Bible

The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, tà biblía, "the books") is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans.

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Bicycle

A bicycle, also called a cycle or bike, is a human-powered, pedal-driven, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other.

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Big Bang

The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model for the universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale evolution.

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Bill Moggridge

William Grant "Bill" Moggridge, RDI (25 June 1943 – 8 September 2012) was a British designer, author and educator who cofounded the design company IDEO and was director of the Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum in New York.

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Binary data

Binary data is data whose unit can take on only two possible states, traditionally termed 0 and +1 in accordance with the binary numeral system and Boolean algebra.

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Binary star

A binary star is a star system consisting of two stars orbiting around their common barycenter.

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Bit slicing

Bit slicing is a technique for constructing a processor from modules of processors of smaller bit width, for the purpose of increasing the word length; in theory to make an arbitrary n-bit CPU.

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Black hole

A black hole is a region of spacetime exhibiting such strong gravitational effects that nothing—not even particles and electromagnetic radiation such as light—can escape from inside it.

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Blackburn Buccaneer

The Blackburn Buccaneer was a British carrier-borne attack aircraft designed in the 1950s for the Royal Navy (RN).

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Bladon Jets

Bladon Jets is a British company developing micro gas turbines – small, light and clean-burning jet engines.

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Blast furnace

A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals, generally pig iron, but also others such as lead or copper.

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Blood

Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.

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Blood transfusion

Blood transfusion is generally the process of receiving blood or blood products into one's circulation intravenously.

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Bobbinet

The Bobbinet machine is a plain-net lacemaking machine invented and patented by John Heathcoat in 1808 (patent no. 3151), and with a slight modification it was patented again in 1809 (patent no. 3216).

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Bombe

The bombe is an electro-mechanical device used by British cryptologists to help decipher German Enigma-machine-encrypted secret messages during World War II.

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Bone china

Bone china is a type of soft-paste porcelain that is composed of bone ash, feldspathic material, and kaolin.

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Boolean algebra

In mathematics and mathematical logic, Boolean algebra is the branch of algebra in which the values of the variables are the truth values true and false, usually denoted 1 and 0 respectively.

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Boron

Boron is a chemical element with symbol B and atomic number 5.

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Bouncing bomb

A bouncing bomb is a bomb designed to bounce to a target across water in a calculated manner to avoid obstacles such as torpedo nets, and to allow both the bomb's speed on arrival at the target and the timing of its detonation to be pre-determined, in a similar fashion to a regular naval depth charge.

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Bovril

Bovril is the trademarked name of a thick and salty meat extract paste similar to a yeast extract, developed in the 1870s by John Lawson Johnston.

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Bowden cable

A Bowden cable is a type of flexible cable used to transmit mechanical force or energy by the movement of an inner cable relative to a hollow outer cable housing.

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Bowls

Bowls or lawn bowls is a sport in which the objective is to roll biased balls called woods so that they stop close to a smaller ball called a "jack" or "kitty".

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Boxing

Boxing is a combat sport in which two people, usually wearing protective gloves, throw punches at each other for a predetermined set of time in a boxing ring.

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Boxlock action

The boxlock action is a hammerless action of a type commonly used in double-barreled shotguns, dating back to 1875.

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Boy Scouts

Boy Scouts may refer to.

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Boys' Brigade

For the 80s New Wave band from Canada, see Boys Brigade (band).

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Bragg's law

In physics, Bragg's law, or Wulff–Bragg's condition, a special case of Laue diffraction, gives the angles for coherent and incoherent scattering from a crystal lattice.

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Breast cancer

Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue.

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British Aircraft Corporation

The British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) was a British aircraft manufacturer formed from the government-pressured merger of English Electric Aviation Ltd., Vickers-Armstrongs (Aircraft), the Bristol Aeroplane Company and Hunting Aircraft in 1960.

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British people

The British people, or the Britons, are the citizens of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the British Overseas Territories, and the Crown dependencies.

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British Rail

British Railways (BR), which from 1965 traded as British Rail, was the state-owned company that operated most of the rail transport in Great Britain between 1948 and 1997.

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British School of Motoring

The British School of Motoring (BSM) is a driving school in the United Kingdom, providing training in vehicle operation and road safety.

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Broadcasting

Broadcasting is the distribution of audio or video content to a dispersed audience via any electronic mass communications medium, but typically one using the electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves), in a one-to-many model.

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Brucellosis

Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonosis caused by ingestion of unpasteurized milk or undercooked meat from infected animals, or close contact with their secretions.

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Bryan Jennett

William Bryan Jennett (1 March 1926 – 26 January 2008) was a British neurosurgeon, a faculty member at the University of Glasgow Medical School, and the first full-time chair of neurosurgery in Scotland.

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Buckminsterfullerene

Buckminsterfullerene is a type of fullerene with the formula C60.

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Bullpup

A bullpup is a firearm with its action and magazine far behind its trigger group.

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C. F. Powell

Cecil Frank Powell, FRS (5 December 1903 – 9 August 1969) was an English physicist, and Nobel Prize in Physics laureate for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and for the resulting discovery of the pion (pi-meson), a subatomic particle.

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Calculator

An electronic calculator is typically a portable electronic device used to perform calculations, ranging from basic arithmetic to complex mathematics.

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Calculus

Calculus (from Latin calculus, literally 'small pebble', used for counting and calculations, as on an abacus), is the mathematical study of continuous change, in the same way that geometry is the study of shape and algebra is the study of generalizations of arithmetic operations.

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Calotype

Calotype or talbotype is an early photographic process introduced in 1841 by William Henry Fox Talbot, using paper coated with silver iodide.

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Camber (aerodynamics)

In aeronautics and aeronautical engineering, camber is the asymmetry between the two acting surfaces of an aerofoil, with the top surface of a wing (or correspondingly the front surface of a propeller blade) commonly being more convex (positive camber).

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Cambridge

Cambridge is a university city and the county town of Cambridgeshire, England, on the River Cam approximately north of London.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.

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Can opener

A can opener (in North American English and Australian English) or tin opener (in British and Commonwealth English) is a device used to open tin cans (metal cans).

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Cancer

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.

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Carbon fiber reinforced polymer

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer, carbon fiber reinforced plastic or carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic (CFRP, CRP, CFRTP or often simply carbon fiber, carbon composite or even carbon), is an extremely strong and light fiber-reinforced plastic which contains carbon fibers.

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Carbon fibers

Carbon fibers or carbon fibres (alternatively CF, graphite fiber or graphite fibre) are fibers about 5–10 micrometers in diameter and composed mostly of carbon atoms.

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Carbonation

Carbonation refers to reactions of carbon dioxide to give carbonates, bicarbonates, and carbonic acid.

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Carcinogen

A carcinogen is any substance, radionuclide, or radiation that promotes carcinogenesis, the formation of cancer.

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Carey Foster

George Carey Foster FRS (October 1835 – 9 February 1919) was a chemist and physicist, born at Sabden in Lancashire.

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Carey Foster bridge

In electronics, the Carey Foster bridge is a bridge circuit used to measure medium resistances, or to measure small differences between two large resistances.

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Cast iron

Cast iron is a group of iron-carbon alloys with a carbon content greater than 2%.

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Cat's eye (road)

A cat's eye is a retroreflective safety device used in road marking and was the first of a range of raised pavement markers.

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Cataract

A cataract is a clouding of the lens in the eye which leads to a decrease in vision.

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Cathode ray tube

The cathode ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube that contains one or more electron guns and a phosphorescent screen, and is used to display images.

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Cavity magnetron

The cavity magnetron is a high-powered vacuum tube that generates microwaves using the interaction of a stream of electrons with a magnetic field while moving past a series of open metal cavities (cavity resonators).

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CDC 6600

The CDC 6600 was the flagship of the 6000 series of mainframe computer systems manufactured by Control Data Corporation.

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Cell (biology)

The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.

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Cell biology

Cell biology (also called cytology, from the Greek κυτος, kytos, "vessel") is a branch of biology that studies the structure and function of the cell, the basic unit of life.

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Cell nucleus

In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel or seed) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells.

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Celluloid

Celluloids are a class of compounds created from nitrocellulose and camphor, with added dyes and other agents.

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Central processing unit

A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.

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Centrifugal governor

A centrifugal governor is a specific type of governor with a feedback system that controls the speed of an engine by regulating the amount of fuel (or working fluid) admitted, so as to maintain a near-constant speed, irrespective of the load or fuel-supply conditions.

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CERN

The European Organization for Nuclear Research (Organisation européenne pour la recherche nucléaire), known as CERN (derived from the name Conseil européen pour la recherche nucléaire), is a European research organization that operates the largest particle physics laboratory in the world.

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Chain reaction

A chain reaction is a sequence of reactions where a reactive product or by-product causes additional reactions to take place.

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Charles Algernon Parsons

Sir Charles Algernon Parsons, (13 June 1854 – 11 February 1931), the son of a member of the Irish peerage,http://www.tcd.ie/Secretary/FellowsScholars/discourses/discourses/1968_Lord%20Rosse%20on%20W.%20Parsons.pdf was an Anglo-Irish engineer, best known for his invention of the compound steam turbine, and as the namesake of C. A. Parsons and Company.

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Charles Babbage

Charles Babbage (26 December 1791 – 18 October 1871) was an English polymath.

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Charles Darwin

Charles Robert Darwin, (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.

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Charles Henry Foyle

Charles Henry Foyle (18 March 1878 – 9 December 1948) was an English businessman who invented the folding carton.

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Charles K. Kao

Sir Charles Kuen Kao, as a member of National Academy of Engineering in Electronics, Communication & Information Systems Engineering for pioneering and sustained accomplishments towards the theoretical and practical realization of optical fiber communication systems.

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Charles Macintosh

Charles Macintosh FRS (29 December 1766 – 25 July 1843) was a Scottish chemist and the inventor of waterproof fabric.

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Charles Plimpton

Charles Bird Plimpton (31 October 1894 – 29 December 1948) was an English inventor and businessman.

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Charles Thomson Rees Wilson

Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, CH, FRS (14 February 1869 – 15 November 1959) was a Scottish physicist and meteorologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention of the cloud chamber.

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Charles Waterton

Charles Waterton (3 June 1782 – 27 May 1865) was an English naturalist and explorer.

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Charles Wesley

Charles Wesley (18 December 1707 – 29 March 1788) was an English leader of the Methodist movement, most widely known for writing more than 6,000 hymns.

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Charles Wheatstone

Sir Charles Wheatstone FRS (6 February 1802 – 19 October 1875), was an English scientist and inventor of many scientific breakthroughs of the Victorian era, including the English concertina, the stereoscope (a device for displaying three-dimensional images), and the Playfair cipher (an encryption technique).

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Cheltenham Literature Festival

The Times and The Sunday Times Cheltenham Literature Festival, a large-scale international festival of literature held every year in October in the spa town of Cheltenham, and part of Cheltenham Festivals: also responsible for the Jazz, Music and Science Festivals that run every year.

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Chemical bond

A chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms, ions or molecules that enables the formation of chemical compounds.

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Chloroform

Chloroform, or trichloromethane, is an organic compound with formula CHCl3.

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Chobham armour

Chobham armour is the informal name of a composite armour developed in the 1960s at the British tank research centre on Chobham Common, Surrey.

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Chocolate bar

A chocolate bar is a chocolate confection in an oblong or rectangular form, which distinguishes it from bulk chocolate produced for commercial use or individually portioned chocolates such as pastilles, bon-bons, and truffles.

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Cholera

Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

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Christmas card

A Christmas card is a greeting card sent as part of the traditional celebration of Christmas in order to convey between people a range of sentiments related to the Christmas and holiday season.

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Christopher Cockerell

Sir Christopher Sydney Cockerell CBE RDI FRS (4 June 1910 – 1 June 1999) was an English engineer, best known as the inventor of the hovercraft.

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Christopher Strachey

Christopher S. Strachey (16 November 1916 – 18 May 1975) was a British computer scientist.

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Chromatography

Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture.

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Cinematography

Cinematography (also called Direction of Photography) is the science or art of motion-picture photography by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as film stock.

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Cinnamic acid

Cinnamic acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H5CHCHCO2H.

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Classical economics

Classical economics or classical political economy (also known as liberal economics) is a school of thought in economics that flourished, primarily in Britain, in the late 18th and early-to-mid 19th century.

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Classical liberalism

Classical liberalism is a political ideology and a branch of liberalism which advocates civil liberties under the rule of law with an emphasis on economic freedom.

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Claw crane

A claw crane (also called a variety of other names, such as claw machine, skill crane, teddy picker or dumb machine) is a type of arcade game known as a merchandiser, commonly found in video arcades, supermarkets, restaurants, movie theaters, shopping malls, and bowling alleys.

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Clifford Allbutt

Sir Thomas Clifford Allbutt (20 July 183622 February 1925) was an English physician best known for his role as commissioner for lunacy in England and Wales 1889-1892, president of the British Medical Association 1920, inventing the clinical thermometer, and supporting Sir William Osler in founding the History of Medicine Society.

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Clifford Cocks

Clifford Christopher Cocks CB FRS (born 28 December 1950) is a British mathematician and cryptographer.

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Clive Sinclair

Sir Clive Marles Sinclair (born 30 July 1940) is an English entrepreneur and inventor, most commonly known for his work in consumer electronics in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

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Cloning

Cloning is the process of producing genetically identical individuals of an organism either naturally or artificially.

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Cloud

In meteorology, a cloud is an aerosol consisting of a visible mass of minute liquid droplets, frozen crystals, or other particles suspended in the atmosphere of a planetary body.

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Cloud chamber

A Cloud Chamber, also known as a Wilson Cloud Chamber, is a particle detector used for visualizing the passage of ionizing radiation.

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Coaxial escapement

The coaxial escapement is a type of modern watch escapement mechanism invented by English watchmaker George Daniels.

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Coggeshall slide rule

In measurement, the Coggeshall slide rule, also called a carpenter's slide rule, was a slide rule designed by Henry Coggeshall in 1677 to help in measuring the dimensions, surface area, and volume of timber.

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Colin Chapman

Anthony Colin Bruce Chapman, (19 May 1928 – 16 December 1982) was an influential English design engineer, inventor, and builder in the automotive industry, and founder of Lotus Cars.

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Collodion process

The collodion process is an early photographic process.

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Collodion-albumen process

The Collodion-Albumen process is one of the early dry plate processes, invented by Joseph Sidebotham in 1861.

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Colloid

In chemistry, a colloid is a mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance.

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Color photography

Color (or colour) photography is photography that uses media capable of reproducing colors.

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Color television

Color/Colour television is a television transmission technology that includes information on the color of the picture, so the video image can be displayed in color on the television set.

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Colossus computer

Colossus was a set of computers developed by British codebreakers in the years 1943–1945 to help in the cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher.

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Combustion

Combustion, or burning, is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke.

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Comptometer

The comptometer was the first commercially successful key-driven mechanical calculator, patented in the United States by Dorr E. Felt in 1887.

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Computation

Computation is any type of calculation that includes both arithmetical and non-arithmetical steps and follows a well-defined model, for example an algorithm.

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Computer music

Computer music is the application of computing technology in music composition, to help human composers create new music or to have computers independently create music, such as with algorithmic composition programs.

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Concertina

A concertina is a free-reed musical instrument, like the various accordions and the harmonica.

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Concorde

The Aérospatiale/BAC Concorde is a British-French turbojet-powered supersonic passenger airliner that was operated from 1976 until 2003.

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Congreve rocket

The Congreve rocket was a British military weapon designed and developed by Sir William Congreve in 1804, based directly on Mysorean rockets.

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Contact process

The contact process is the current method of producing sulfuric acid in the high concentrations needed for industrial processes.

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Continuous track

Continuous track, also called tank tread or caterpillar track, is a system of vehicle propulsion in which a continuous band of treads or track plates is driven by two or more wheels.

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Control unit

The control unit (CU) is a component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that directs the operation of the processor.

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Cooke and Wheatstone telegraph

The Cooke and Wheatstone telegraph was an early electrical telegraph system dating from the 1830s invented by English inventor William Fothergill Cooke and English scientist Charles Wheatstone.

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Cor anglais

The cor anglais or original; plural: cors anglais) Longman has /kɔːz/ for British and /kɔːrz/ for American --> or English horn in North America, is a double-reed woodwind instrument in the oboe family. It is approximately one and a half times the length of an oboe. The cor anglais is a transposing instrument pitched in F, a perfect fifth lower than the oboe (a C instrument). This means that music for the cor anglais is written a perfect fifth higher than the instrument actually sounds. The fingering and playing technique used for the cor anglais are essentially the same as those of the oboe and oboists typically double on the cor anglais when required. The cor anglais normally lacks the lowest B key found on most oboes and so its sounding range stretches from E3 (written B) below middle C to C6 two octaves above middle C.

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Cordite

* Cordite is a family of smokeless propellants developed and produced in the United Kingdom since 1889 to replace gunpowder as a military propellant.

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Corkscrew

A corkscrew is a tool for drawing corks from wine bottles, beer bottles and other household bottles before the invention of screw caps and Crown corks.

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Cornelis Drebbel

Cornelis Jacobszoon Drebbel (1572 – 7 November 1633) was a Dutch engineer and inventor.

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Cornelius Varley

Cornelius Varley, FRSA (21 November 1781 – 2 October 1873) was an English water-colour painter.

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Cosmology

Cosmology (from the Greek κόσμος, kosmos "world" and -λογία, -logia "study of") is the study of the origin, evolution, and eventual fate of the universe.

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Coumarin

Coumarin (2H-chromen-2-one) is a fragrant organic chemical compound in the benzopyrone chemical class, although it may also be seen as a subclass of lactones.

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Cragside

Cragside is a Victorian country house near the town of Rothbury in Northumberland, England.

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Cricket

Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players each on a cricket field, at the centre of which is a rectangular pitch with a target at each end called the wicket (a set of three wooden stumps upon which two bails sit).

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Cromoglicic acid

Cromoglicic acid (INN) (also referred to as cromolyn (USAN), cromoglycate (former BAN), or cromoglicate) is traditionally described as a mast cell stabilizer, and is commonly marketed as the sodium salt sodium cromoglicate or cromolyn sodium.

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Crookes tube

A Crookes tube (also Crookes–Hittorf tube) is an early experimental electrical discharge tube, with partial vacuum, invented by English physicist William Crookes and others around 1869-1875, in which cathode rays, streams of electrons, were discovered.

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Crossword

A crossword is a word puzzle that usually takes the form of a square or a rectangular grid of white-and black-shaded squares.

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Crucible steel

Crucible steel is steel made by melting pig iron (cast iron), iron, and sometimes steel, often along with sand, glass, ashes, and other fluxes, in a crucible.

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CT scan

A CT scan, also known as computed tomography scan, makes use of computer-processed combinations of many X-ray measurements taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of specific areas of a scanned object, allowing the user to see inside the object without cutting.

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Cue sports

Cue sports (sometimes written cuesports), also known as billiard sports, are a wide variety of games of skill generally played with a cue stick, which is used to strike billiard balls and thereby cause them to move around a cloth-covered billiards table bounded by elastic bumpers known as.

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Culture

Culture is the social behavior and norms found in human societies.

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Cumbria

Cumbria is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in North West England.

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Dairy farming

Dairy farming is a class of agriculture for long-term production of milk, which is processed (either on the farm or at a dairy plant, either of which may be called a dairy) for eventual sale of a dairy product.

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Dalton's law

In chemistry and physics, Dalton's law (also called Dalton's law of partial pressures) states that in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.

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Dan Albone

Daniel Albone (12 September 1860 – 30 October 1906) was an English inventor, manufacturer and cyclist.

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Daniell cell

The Daniell cell is a type of electrochemical cell invented in 1836 by John Frederic Daniell, a British chemist and meteorologist, and consisted of a copper pot filled with a copper (II) sulfate solution, in which was immersed an unglazed earthenware container filled with sulfuric acid and a zinc electrode.

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Darts

Darts is a sport in which small missiles/torpedoes/arrows/darts are thrown at a circular dartboard fixed to a wall.

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David Braben

David John Braben (born 2 January 1964) is a British game developer, game designer, founder and CEO of Frontier Developments plc, co-creator of the Elite series, space trading computer games, first published in 1984.

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David Brewster

Sir David Brewster KH PRSE FRS FSA(Scot) FSSA MICE (11 December 178110 February 1868) was a British scientist, inventor, author, and academic administrator.

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David Bruce (microbiologist)

Major-General Sir David Bruce (29 May 1855 in Melbourne – 27 November 1931 in London) was a Scottish pathologist and microbiologist who investigated Malta fever (later called brucellosis in his honour) and African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in animals).

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David Edward Hughes

David Edward Hughes (16 May 1831 – 22 January 1900), was a British-American inventor, practical experimenter, and professor of music known for his work on the printing telegraph and the microphone.

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David Stirling

Lieutenant Colonel Sir Archibald David Stirling, (15 November 1915 – 4 November 1990) was a Scottish officer in the British Army, mountaineer, and the founder of the Special Air Service.

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Davy lamp

The Davy lamp is a safety lamp for use in flammable atmospheres, invented in 1815 by Sir Humphry Davy.

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De Havilland Comet

The de Havilland DH 106 Comet was the world's first commercial jet airliner.

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Dennis Gabor

Dennis Gabor (Gábor Dénes; 5 June 1900 – 9 February 1979) was a Hungarian-British electrical engineer and physicist, most notable for inventing holography, for which he later received the 1971 Nobel Prize in Physics.

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Dennistoun Burney

Sir Charles Dennistoun Burney, 2nd Baronet (28 December 1888 – 11 November 1968, Bermuda) was an English aeronautical engineer, private inventor and Conservative Party politician.

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Denotational semantics

In computer science, denotational semantics (initially known as mathematical semantics or Scott–Strachey semantics) is an approach of formalizing the meanings of programming languages by constructing mathematical objects (called denotations) that describe the meanings of expressions from the languages.

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Denys Fisher

Denys Fisher (11 May 1918 – 17 September 2002) was an English engineer who invented the spirograph toy and created the company Denys Fisher Toys.

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Depth charge

A depth charge is an anti-submarine warfare weapon.

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Desalination

Desalination is a process that extracts mineral components from saline water.

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Diaphragm (optics)

In optics, a diaphragm is a thin opaque structure with an opening (aperture) at its center.

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Diesel engine

The diesel engine (also known as a compression-ignition or CI engine), named after Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel which is injected into the combustion chamber is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to mechanical compression (adiabatic compression).

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Difference engine

A difference engine is an automatic mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions.

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Disc brake

A disc brake is a type of brake that uses calipers to squeeze pairs of pads against a disc or "rotor" to create friction.

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Discovery (observation)

Discovery is the act of detecting something new, or something "old" that had been unrecognized as meaningful.

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Dishwasher

A dishwasher is a mechanical device for cleaning dishware and cutlery.

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Diving bell

A diving bell is a rigid chamber used to transport divers from the surface to depth and back in open water, usually for the purpose of performing underwater work.

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DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.

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DNA database

A DNA database or DNA databank is a database of DNA profiles which can be used in the analysis of genetic diseases, genetic fingerprinting for criminology, or genetic genealogy.

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DNA profiling

DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting, DNA testing, or DNA typing) is the process of determining an individual's DNA characteristics, which are as unique as fingerprints.

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DNA sequencing

DNA sequencing is the process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule.

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Dolly (sheep)

Dolly (5 July 1996 – 14 February 2003) was a female domestic sheep, and the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer.

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Donald Bailey (civil engineer)

Sir Donald Coleman Bailey, OBE (15 September 1901 – 5 May 1985) was an English civil engineer who invented the Bailey bridge.

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Donald Davies

Donald Watts Davies, CBE, FRS (7 June 1924 – 28 May 2000) was a Welsh computer scientist who was employed at the UK National Physical Laboratory (NPL).

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Dorothy Hodgkin

Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin (12 May 1910 – 29 July 1994) was a British chemist who developed protein crystallography, for which she won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1964.

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Double-barreled shotgun

A double-barreled shotgun is a shotgun with two parallel barrels, allowing two shots to be fired in quick succession.

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Drag (physics)

In fluid dynamics, drag (sometimes called air resistance, a type of friction, or fluid resistance, another type of friction or fluid friction) is a force acting opposite to the relative motion of any object moving with respect to a surrounding fluid.

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Drainage

Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of a surface's water and sub-surface water from an area.

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Dreadnought

The dreadnought was the predominant type of battleship in the early 20th century.

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Dry plate

Dry plate, also known as gelatin process, is an improved type of photographic plate.

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Dugald Clerk

Sir Dugald Clerk (sometimes written as Dugald Clark) KBE, LLD FRS (1854, Glasgow – 1932, Ewhurst, Surrey) was a Scottish engineer who designed the world's first successful two-stroke engine in 1878 and patented it in England in 1881.

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Dundee

Dundee (Dùn Dè) is Scotland's fourth-largest city and the 51st-most-populous built-up area in the United Kingdom.

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Dynasphere

The Dynasphere (sometimes misspelled Dynosphere) was a monowheel vehicle design patented in 1930 by Dr J. A. Purves FRSE (7 August 1870 – 4 November 1952) from Taunton, Somerset, UK.

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Eadweard Muybridge

Eadweard Muybridge (9 April 1830 – 8 May 1904, born Edward James Muggeridge) was an English photographer important for his pioneering work in photographic studies of motion, and early work in motion-picture projection.

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Eddington luminosity

The Eddington luminosity, also referred to as the Eddington limit, is the maximum luminosity a body (such as a star) can achieve when there is balance between the force of radiation acting outward and the gravitational force acting inward.

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Edgar Purnell Hooley

Edgar Purnell Hooley (5 June 1860 – 26 January 1942) was a British inventor.

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Edmond Halley

Edmond (or Edmund) Halley, FRS (–) was an English astronomer, geophysicist, mathematician, meteorologist, and physicist.

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Edmondson railway ticket

The Edmondson railway ticket was a system for recording the payment of railway fares and accounting for the revenue raised, introduced in the 1840s.

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Edmund Cartwright

Edmund Cartwright (24 April 1743 – 30 October 1823) was an English inventor.

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EDSAC 2

EDSAC 2 was an early computer (operational in 1958), the successor to the Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC).

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Edward Craven Walker

Edward Craven Walker (4 July 1918 – 15 August 2000) was the inventor of the psychedelic Astro lamp, also known as the lava lamp.

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Edward Henry Sieveking

Sir Edward Henry Sieveking (24 August 1816 – 24 February 1904) was an English physician.

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Edward Jenner

Edward Jenner, FRS FRCPE (17 May 1749 – 26 January 1823) was an English physician and scientist who was the pioneer of smallpox vaccine, the world's first vaccine.

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Edward Stone (natural philosopher)

Edward Stone (1702–1768) was a Church of England cleric who discovered the active ingredient of aspirin.

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Edward Weston (chemist)

Edward Weston (May 9, 1850 – August 20, 1936) was an English-born American chemist noted for his achievements in electroplating and his development of the electrochemical cell, named the Weston cell, for the voltage standard.

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Edwin Beard Budding

Edwin Beard Budding (1796–1846), an engineer from Eastington, Stroud, was the English inventor of the lawnmower (1830) and adjustable spanner (1842).

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Electric clock

An electric clock is a clock that is powered by electricity, as opposed to a mechanical clock which is powered by a hanging weight or a mainspring.

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Electric generator

In electricity generation, a generator is a device that converts motive power (mechanical energy) into electrical power for use in an external circuit.

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Electrical network

An electrical network is an interconnection of electrical components (e.g. batteries, resistors, inductors, capacitors, switches) or a model of such an interconnection, consisting of electrical elements (e.g. voltage sources, current sources, resistances, inductances, capacitances).

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Electrical telegraph

An electrical telegraph is a telegraph that uses electrical signals, usually conveyed via dedicated telecommunication circuit or radio.

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Electricity

Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of electric charge.

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Electrocardiography

Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on the skin.

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Electroluminescence

Electroluminescence (EL) is an optical phenomenon and electrical phenomenon in which a material emits light in response to the passage of an electric current or to a strong electric field.

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Electromagnet

An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by an electric current.

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Electromagnetic induction

Electromagnetic or magnetic induction is the production of an electromotive force (i.e., voltage) across an electrical conductor in a changing magnetic field.

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Electromagnetism

Electromagnetism is a branch of physics involving the study of the electromagnetic force, a type of physical interaction that occurs between electrically charged particles.

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Electron

The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol or, whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge.

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Electronic delay storage automatic calculator

The electronic delay storage automatic calculator (EDSAC) was an early British computer.

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Electroplating

Electroplating is a process that uses an electric current to reduce dissolved metal cations so that they form a thin coherent metal coating on an electrode.

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Electroscope

An electroscope is an early scientific instrument that is used to detect the presence and magnitude of electric charge on a body.

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Electrostatic generator

An electrostatic generator, or electrostatic machine, is an electromechanical generator that produces static electricity, or electricity at high voltage and low continuous current.

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Electrostatic motor

An electrostatic motor or capacitor motor is a type of electric motor based on the attraction and repulsion of electric charge.

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Elite (video game)

Elite is a space trading video game, written and developed by David Braben and Ian Bell and originally published by Acornsoft for the BBC Micro and Acorn Electron computers in September 1984.

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Embryonic stem cell

Embryonic stem cells (ES cells or ESCs) are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage pre-implantation embryo.

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Emergency telephone number

In many countries the public switched telephone network has a single emergency telephone number (sometimes known as the universal emergency telephone number or the emergency services number) that allows a caller to contact local emergency services for assistance.

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Enceladus

Enceladus is the sixth-largest moon of Saturn.

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Encyclopædia Britannica

The Encyclopædia Britannica (Latin for "British Encyclopaedia"), published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

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England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

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English Electric Lightning

The English Electric Lightning is a supersonic fighter aircraft of the Cold War era.

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Enigma machine

The Enigma machines were a series of electro-mechanical rotor cipher machines developed and used in the early- to mid-20th century to protect commercial, diplomatic and military communication.

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Epidemiology

Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where) and determinants of health and disease conditions in defined populations.

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Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a group of neurological disorders characterized by epileptic seizures.

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Equals sign

The equals sign or equality sign is a mathematical symbol used to indicate equality.

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Eric A. Sykes

Eric Anthony Sykes (5 February 1883–12 May 1945), born Eric Anthony Schwabe in Barton-upon-Irwell, Eccles, Greater Manchester, England, was a soldier and firearms expert.

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Eric Laithwaite

Eric Roberts Laithwaite (14 June 1921 – 27 November 1997) was an English electrical engineer, known as the "Father of Maglev" for his development of the linear induction motor and maglev rail system.

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Ernest Rutherford

Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, HFRSE LLD (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937) was a New Zealand-born British physicist who came to be known as the father of nuclear physics.

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Ernest Swinton

Major-General Sir Ernest Dunlop Swinton, (21 October 1868 – 15 January 1951) was a British Army officer who was active in the development and adoption of the tank during the First World War.

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Ernest Walton

Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton (6 October 1903 – 25 June 1995) was an Irish physicist and Nobel laureate for his work with John Cockcroft with "atom-smashing" experiments done at Cambridge University in the early 1930s, and so became the first person in history to artificially split the atom.

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Eukaryote

Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, unlike Prokaryotes (Bacteria and other Archaea).

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Euphemism

A euphemism is a generally innocuous word or expression used in place of one that may be found offensive or suggest something unpleasant.

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European science in the Middle Ages

European science in the Middle Ages comprised the study of nature, mathematics and natural philosophy in medieval Europe.

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European Space Agency

The European Space Agency (ESA; Agence spatiale européenne, ASE; Europäische Weltraumorganisation) is an intergovernmental organisation of 22 member states dedicated to the exploration of space.

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Extrusion

Extrusion is a process used to create objects of a fixed cross-sectional profile.

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F. W. Jordan

Frank Wilfred Jordan (6 October, 1881 - 12 January, 1941) was a British physicist who together with William Henry Eccles invented the so-called "flip-flop" circuit in 1918.

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Factory system

The factory system is a method of manufacturing using machinery and division of labour.

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Fairbairn–Sykes fighting knife

The Fairbairn–Sykes fighting knife is a double-edged fighting knife resembling a dagger or poignard with a foil grip developed by William Ewart Fairbairn and Eric Anthony Sykes in Shanghai based on concepts which the two men initiated before World War II while serving on the Shanghai Municipal Police in China.

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Faraday cage

A Faraday cage or Faraday shield is an enclosure used to block electromagnetic fields.

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Faraday's law of induction

Faraday's law of induction is a basic law of electromagnetism predicting how a magnetic field will interact with an electric circuit to produce an electromotive force (EMF)—a phenomenon called electromagnetic induction.

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Fax

Fax (short for facsimile), sometimes called telecopying or telefax (the latter short for telefacsimile), is the telephonic transmission of scanned printed material (both text and images), normally to a telephone number connected to a printer or other output device.

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Ferranti Mark 1

The Ferranti Mark 1, also known as the Manchester Electronic Computer in its sales literature, and thus sometimes called the Manchester Ferranti, was the world's first commercially available general-purpose electronic computer.

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Ferrocene

Ferrocene is an organometallic compound with the formula Fe(C5H5)2.

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Fertilizer

A fertilizer (American English) or fertiliser (British English; see spelling differences) is any material of natural or synthetic origin (other than liming materials) that is applied to soils or to plant tissues to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants.

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Fibrinogen

Fibrinogen (factor I) is a glycoprotein that in vertebrates circulates in the blood.

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Field hockey

Field hockey is a team game of the hockey family.

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FIFA

The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA; French for "International Federation of Association Football") is an association which describes itself as an international governing body of association football, futsal, and beach soccer.

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Fighter aircraft

A fighter aircraft is a military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat against other aircraft, as opposed to bombers and attack aircraft, whose main mission is to attack ground targets.

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Film

A film, also called a movie, motion picture, moving pícture, theatrical film, or photoplay, is a series of still images that, when shown on a screen, create the illusion of moving images.

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Fingerprint

A fingerprint in its narrow sense is an impression left by the friction ridges of a human finger.

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Fire engine

A fire engine (also known in some territories as a fire truck or fire appliance) is a vehicle designed primarily for firefighting operations.

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Fire extinguisher

A fire extinguisher is an active fire protection device used to extinguish or control small fires, often in emergency situations.

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Firearm

A firearm is a portable gun (a barreled ranged weapon) that inflicts damage on targets by launching one or more projectiles driven by rapidly expanding high-pressure gas produced by exothermic combustion (deflagration) of propellant within an ammunition cartridge.

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First law of thermodynamics

The first law of thermodynamics is a version of the law of conservation of energy, adapted for thermodynamic systems.

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Flip-flop (electronics)

In electronics, a flip-flop or latch is a circuit that has two stable states and can be used to store state information.

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Float glass

Float glass is a sheet of glass made by floating molten glass on a bed of molten metal, typically tin, although lead and various low melting point alloys were used in the past.

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Flush toilet

A flush toilet (also known as a flushing toilet, flush lavatory, or water closet (WC)) is a toilet that disposes of human excreta (urine and feces) by using water to flush it through a drainpipe to another location for disposal, thus maintaining a separation between humans and their excreta.

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Flying shuttle

The flying shuttle was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution.

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Folding carton

The folding carton created the packaging industry as it is known today, beginning in the late 19th century.

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Forceps

Forceps (plural forcepshttps://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q.

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Forensic science

Forensic science is the application of science to criminal and civil laws, mainly—on the criminal side—during criminal investigation, as governed by the legal standards of admissible evidence and criminal procedure.

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Formula One

Formula One (also Formula 1 or F1) is the highest class of single-seater auto racing sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) and owned by the Formula One Group.

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Foster, Rastrick and Company

Foster, Rastrick and Company was one of the pioneering steam locomotive manufacturing companies of England.

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Francis Bacon

Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban, (22 January 15619 April 1626) was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator, and author.

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Francis Crick

Francis Harry Compton Crick (8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004) was a British molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist, most noted for being a co-discoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953 with James Watson, work which was based partly on fundamental studies done by Rosalind Franklin, Raymond Gosling and Maurice Wilkins.

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Francis Galton

Sir Francis Galton, FRS (16 February 1822 – 17 January 1911) was an English Victorian era statistician, progressive, polymath, sociologist, psychologist, anthropologist, eugenicist, tropical explorer, geographer, inventor, meteorologist, proto-geneticist, and psychometrician.

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Francis Herbert Wenham

Francis Herbert Wenham (1824, Kensington – 1908), commonly referred to as Frank, was a British marine engineer who studied the problem of human flight and wrote a perceptive and influential academic paper which he presented to the first meeting of the Royal Aeronautical Society in London in 1866.

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Francis Pettit Smith

Sir Francis Pettit Smith (1808 – 12 February 1874) was an English inventor and, along with John Ericsson, one of the inventors of the screw propeller.

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Francis Thomas Bacon

Francis Thomas Bacon OBE FREng FRS (21 December 1904 at Ramsden Hall, Billericay, Essex, England – 24 May 1992) was an English engineer who developed the first practical hydrogen–oxygen fuel cell.

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Francis turbine

The Francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by James B. Francis in Lowell, Massachusetts.

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Frank Barnwell

Captain Frank Sowter Barnwell OBE AFC FRAeS BSc (1880 – 2 August 1938) was a British aeronautical engineer.

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Frank Blackmore

Frank Blackmore OBE DFC (16 February 1916 – 5 June 2008) was a British airman and traffic engineer.

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Frank Hornby

Frank Hornby (15 May 1863 – 21 September 1936) was an English inventor, businessman and politician.

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Frank Whittle

Air Commodore Sir Frank Whittle (1 June 1907 – 9 August 1996) was a British Royal Air Force air officer.

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Fred Hoyle

Sir Fred Hoyle FRS (24 June 1915 – 20 August 2001) was a British astronomer who formulated the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis.

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Frederic Calland Williams

Sir Frederic Calland Williams, (26 June 1911 – 11 August 1977), known as F.C. Williams or Freddie Williams, was an English engineer, a pioneer in radar and computer technology.

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Frederick Abel

Sir Frederick Augustus Abel, 1st Baronet GCVO, KCB, FRS (17 July 18276 September 1902) was an English chemist.

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Frederick Bakewell

Frederick Collier Bakewell (29 September 1800 – 26 September 1869) was an English physicist who improved on the concept of the facsimile machine introduced by Alexander Bain in 1842 and demonstrated a working laboratory version at the 1851 World's Fair in London.

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Frederick G. Creed

Frederick George Creed (6 October 1871 – 11 December 1957) was a Canadian-born inventor, who spent most of his adult life in Britain.

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Frederick Gowland Hopkins

Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins (20 June 1861 – 16 May 1947) was an English biochemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1929, with Christiaan Eijkman, for the discovery of vitamins, even though Casimir Funk, a Polish biochemist, is widely credited with discovering vitamins.

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Frederick Kipping

Frederic Stanley Kipping FRS (16 August 1863 – 1 May 1949) was an English chemist.

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Frederick Sanger

Frederick Sanger (13 August 1918 – 19 November 2013) was a British biochemist who twice won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, one of only two people to have done so in the same category (the other is John Bardeen in physics), the fourth person overall with two Nobel Prizes, and the third person overall with two Nobel Prizes in the sciences.

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Frederick Scott Archer

Frederick Scott Archer (1813 – 1 May 1857) invented the photographic collodion process which preceded the modern gelatin emulsion.

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Frederick Soddy

Frederick Soddy FRS (2 September 1877 – 22 September 1956) was an English radiochemist who explained, with Ernest Rutherford, that radioactivity is due to the transmutation of elements, now known to involve nuclear reactions.

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Frederick W. Lanchester

Frederick William Lanchester LLD, Hon FRAeS, FRS (23 October 1868 – 8 March 1946), was an English polymath and engineer who made important contributions to Automotive engineering and to Aerodynamics, and co-invented the topic of operations research.

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Frederick Walton

Frederick Edward Walton (13 March 183416 May 1928), was an English manufacturer and inventor whose invention of Linoleum in Staines was patented in 1860.

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Fresno scraper

Fresno Scraper (Patent Application). The front drawbar is pulled by two horses, and pulls the scraper proper behind it, while the operator walks behind controlling the depth of scrape with the handle Fresno scrapers in use building the Miocene Ditch near Nome, Alaska The Fresno Scraper is a machine pulled by horses used for constructing canals and ditches in sandy soil.

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Froth flotation

Froth flotation is a process for selectively separating hydrophobic materials from hydrophilic.

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Fuel cell

A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen fuel with oxygen or another oxidizing agent.

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Fuse (explosives)

In an explosive, pyrotechnic device, or military munition, a fuse (or fuze) is the part of the device that initiates function.

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Gas mask

The gas mask is a mask used to protect the user from inhaling airborne pollutants and toxic gases.

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Gas turbine

A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type of continuous combustion, internal combustion engine.

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General anaesthetic

General anaesthetics (or anesthetics, see spelling differences) are often defined as compounds that induce a reversible loss of consciousness in humans or loss of righting reflex in animals.

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Geoffrey Dummer

*Not to be confused with serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer. Geoffrey William Arnold Dummer, MBE (1945), C.Eng., IEE Premium Award, FIEEE, MIEE, USA Medal of Freedom with Bronze Palm (25 February 1909 – 9 September 2002) was an English electronics engineer and consultant who is credited as being the first person to conceptualise and build a prototype of the integrated circuit, commonly called the microchip, in the late-1940s and early 1950s.

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Geoffrey Pyke

Geoffrey Nathaniel Joseph Pyke (9 November 1893 – 21 February 1948 was an English journalist, educationalist, and later an inventor whose clever, but unorthodox, ideas could be difficult to implement. Pyke came to public attention when he escaped from internment in Germany during World War I. He had travelled to Germany under a false passport, and was soon arrested and interned. Pyke is particularly remembered for his innovative proposals for weapons of war, most especially the material pykrete and the proposed construction of the ship Habakkuk from it.

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Geoffrey Wilkinson

Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson FRS (14 July 1921 – 26 September 1996) was a Nobel laureate English chemist who pioneered inorganic chemistry and homogeneous transition metal catalysis.

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Geordie lamp

The Geordie lamp was a safety lamp for use in inflammable atmospheres, invented by George Stephenson in 1815 as a miner's lamp to prevent explosions due to firedamp in coal mines.

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George Adams (instrument maker, elder)

George Adams (c. 1709–1773) was an English instrument maker and science writer.

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George Albert Smith

George Albert Smith Sr. (April 4, 1870 – April 4, 1951) was an American religious leader who served as the eighth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

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George Atwood

George Atwood (October 1745, London – 11 July 1807, London) was an English mathematician who invented a machine for illustrating the effects of Newton's first law of motion.

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George Biddell Airy

Sir George Biddell Airy (27 July 18012 January 1892) was an English mathematician and astronomer, Astronomer Royal from 1835 to 1881.

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George Boole

George Boole (2 November 1815 – 8 December 1864) was a largely self-taught English mathematician, philosopher and logician, most of whose short career was spent as the first professor of mathematics at Queen's College, Cork in Ireland.

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George Cayley

Sir George Cayley, 6th Baronet (27 December 1773 – 15 December 1857) was an English engineer, inventor, and aviator.

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George Daniels (watchmaker)

George Daniels, CBE, DSc, FBHI, FSA, AHCI (19 August 1926 – 21 October 2011) was a British horologist who was considered to be the best in the world during his lifetime.

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George Fox

George Fox (July 1624 – 13 January 1691) was an English Dissenter and a founder of the Religious Society of Friends, commonly known as the Quakers or Friends.

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George Garrett (inventor)

George William Littler Garrett (4 July 1852 – 26 February 1902) was a British clergyman and inventor who pioneered submarine design.

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George Hockham

George Alfred Hockham FREng FIET (7 December 1938 – 16 September 2013) was a British engineer.

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George Julius

Sir George Alfred Julius (29 April 187328 June 1946) was an English-born Australian inventor and entrepreneur.

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George Richards Elkington

George Richards Elkington (17 October 1801 – 22 September 1865) was a manufacturer from Birmingham, England.

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George Stephenson

George Stephenson (9 June 1781 – 12 August 1848) was a British civil engineer and mechanical engineer.

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George William Gray

George William Gray CBE, FRS (4 September 1926 – 12 May 2013) was a Professor of Organic Chemistry at the University of Hull who was instrumental in developing the long-lasting materials which made liquid crystal displays possible.

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George William Manby

Captain George William Manby FRS (8 November 1765 – 18 November 1854) was an English author and inventor.

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George Williams (YMCA)

Sir George Williams (11 October 18216 November 1905) was an English philanthropist and founder of the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA).

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Geosynchronous satellite

A geosynchronous satellite is a satellite in geosynchronous orbit, with an orbital period the same as the Earth's rotation period.

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Giles Brindley

Giles Skey Brindley, MD FRS (born April 30, 1926), is a British physiologist, musicologist and composer, known for his contributions to the physiology of the retina and colour vision, treatment of erectile dysfunction, and is perhaps best known for an unusual scientific presentation at the 1983 Las Vegas meeting of the American Urological Association, where he removed his pants to show the audience his chemically induced erection and invited them to inspect it closely.

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Girl Guides

Girl Guides and Girl Scouts are a Scouting movement found worldwide, originally and still largely designed for girls and women only.

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Glasgow Coma Scale

The Glasgow coma scale (GCS) is a neurological scale which aims to give a reliable and objective way of recording the conscious state of a person for initial as well as subsequent assessment.

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Glee club

A glee club is a musical group or choir group, historically of male voices but also of female or mixed voices, which traditionally specializes in the singing of short songs—glees—by trios or quartets.

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Glider (aircraft)

A glider is a heavier-than-air aircraft that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its lifting surfaces, and whose free flight does not depend on an engine.

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Global warming

Global warming, also referred to as climate change, is the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.

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Godfrey Hounsfield

Sir Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield, CBE, FRS, (28 August 1919 – 12 August 2004) was an English electrical engineer who shared the 1979 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Allan McLeod Cormack for his part in developing the diagnostic technique of X-ray computed tomography (CT).

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Golf

Golf is a club-and-ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible.

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Government Communications Headquarters

The Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) is an intelligence and security organisation responsible for providing signals intelligence (SIGINT) and information assurance to the government and armed forces of the United Kingdom.

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Graham Teasdale (physician)

Graham Teasdale (born 1940 in Spennymoor, County Durham) is an English neurosurgeon and the co-developer of the neurologic assessment tool known as the Glasgow Coma Scale.

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Grandfather clock

A grandfather clock (also a longcase clock, tall-case clock, or floor clock) is a tall, freestanding, weight-driven pendulum clock with the pendulum held inside the tower or waist of the case.

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Graphene

Graphene is a semi-metal with a small overlap between the valence and the conduction bands (zero bandgap material).

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Graphic telescope

The graphic telescope is a type of camera lucida that has the power of a telescope.

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Grasshopper escapement

The grasshopper escapement is a low-friction escapement for pendulum clocks invented by British clockmaker John Harrison around 1722.

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Gray's Anatomy

Gray's Anatomy is an English-language textbook of human anatomy originally written by Henry Gray and illustrated by Henry Vandyke Carter.

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Great Gable

Great Gable is a mountain lying at the very heart of the English Lake District, appearing as a pyramid from Wasdale (hence its name), but as a dome from most other directions.

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Great Western Railway

The Great Western Railway (GWR) was a British railway company that linked London with the south-west and west of England, the Midlands, and most of Wales.

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Gregorian telescope

The Gregorian telescope is a type of reflecting telescope designed by Scottish mathematician and astronomer James Gregory in the 17th century, and first built in 1673 by Robert Hooke.

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Grid Compass

The Grid Compass (written GRiD by its manufacturer GRiD Systems Corporation) was one of the first laptop computers.

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Gridiron pendulum

The gridiron pendulum was a temperature-compensated clock pendulum invented by British clockmaker John Harrison around 1726 and later modified by John Ellicott.

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Guglielmo Marconi

Guglielmo Marconi, 1st Marquis of Marconi (25 April 187420 July 1937) was an Italian inventor and electrical engineer known for his pioneering work on long-distance radio transmission and for his development of Marconi's law and a radio telegraph system.

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Gunpowder

Gunpowder, also known as black powder to distinguish it from modern smokeless powder, is the earliest known chemical explosive.

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Guy Stewart Callendar

Guy Stewart Callendar (February 1898 – October 1964) was an English steam engineer and inventor.

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Gyroscope

A gyroscope (from Ancient Greek γῦρος gûros, "circle" and σκοπέω skopéō, "to look") is a device used for measuring or maintaining orientation and angular velocity.

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H. J. Round

Captain Henry Joseph Round (2 June 1881 – 17 August 1966) was an English engineer and one of the early pioneers of radio.

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H2S (radar)

H2S was the first airborne, ground scanning radar system.

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Halley's Comet

Halley's Comet or Comet Halley, officially designated 1P/Halley, is a short-period comet visible from Earth every 74–79 years.

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Handheld television

A handheld television is a portable device for watching television that usually uses a TFT LCD or OLED color display.

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Hansom cab

The hansom cab is a kind of horse-drawn carriage designed and patented in 1834 by Joseph Hansom, an architect from York.

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Harold Ridley (ophthalmologist)

Sir Nicholas Harold Lloyd Ridley (10 July 1906, Kibworth Harcourt, Leicestershire – 25 May 2001, Salisbury, Wiltshire) was an English ophthalmologist who invented the intraocular lens and pioneered intraocular lens surgery for cataract patients.

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Harrier Jump Jet

The Harrier, informally referred to as the Harrier Jump Jet, is a family of jet-powered attack aircraft capable of vertical/short takeoff and landing operations (V/STOL).

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Harrow School

Harrow School is an independent boarding school for boys in Harrow, London, England.

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Harry Boot

Henry Albert Howard "Harry" Boot (29 July 1917 – 8 February 1983) was an English physicist who with Sir John Randall and James Sayers developed the cavity magnetron, which was one of the keys to the Allied victory in the Second World War.

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Harry Brearley

Harry Brearley (18 February 1871 – 14 July 1948) was an English metallurgist, usually credited with the invention of "rustless steel" (later to be called "stainless steel" in the anglophone world).

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Harry John Lawson

Henry John Lawson, also known as Harry Lawson, (1852–1925) was a British bicycle designer, racing cyclist, motor industry pioneer, and fraudster.

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Harry Kroto

Sir Harold Walter Kroto (born Harold Walter Krotoschiner; 7 October 1939 – 30 April 2016), known as Harry Kroto, was an English chemist.

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Hatton Garden

Hatton Garden is a street and commercial area in the Holborn district of the London Borough of Camden.

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Hawk-Eye

Hawk-Eye is a computer system used in numerous sports such as cricket, tennis, Gaelic football, badminton, hurling, Rugby Union, association football and volleyball, to visually track the trajectory of the ball and display a profile of its statistically most likely path as a moving image.

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Hawker Siddeley P.1127

The Hawker P.1127 and the Hawker Siddeley Kestrel FGA.1 are the experimental and development aircraft that led to the Hawker Siddeley Harrier, the first vertical and/or short take-off and landing (V/STOL) jet fighter-bomber.

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Hawking radiation

Hawking radiation is blackbody radiation that is predicted to be released by black holes, due to quantum effects near the event horizon.

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Hay

Hay is grass, legumes, or other herbaceous plants that have been cut, dried, and stored for use as animal fodder, particularly for grazing animals such as cattle, horses, goats, and sheep.

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Head-up display

A head-up display or heads-up display, also known as a HUD, is any transparent display that presents data without requiring users to look away from their usual viewpoints.

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Helium

Helium (from lit) is a chemical element with symbol He and atomic number 2.

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Henry Bessemer

Sir Henry Bessemer (19 January 1813 – 15 March 1898) was an English inventor, whose steelmaking process would become the most important technique for making steel in the nineteenth century for almost one century from year 1856 to 1950.

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Henry Cavendish

Henry Cavendish FRS (10 October 1731 – 24 February 1810) was a British natural philosopher, scientist, and an important experimental and theoretical chemist and physicist.

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Henry Cole

Sir Henry Cole (15 July 1808 – 18 April 1882) was a British civil servant and inventor who facilitated many innovations in commerce and education in 19th century in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

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Henry Faulds

Henry Faulds (1 June 1843 – 24 March 1930) was a Scottish physician, missionary and scientist who is noted for the development of fingerprinting.

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Henry Fleuss

Henry Albert Fleuss (1851–1932) was a pioneering diving engineer, and Master Diver for Siebe, Gorman & Co. of London.

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Henry Fourdrinier

Henry Fourdrinier (11 February 1766 – 3 September 1854) was a British paper-making entrepreneur.

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Henry Fox Talbot

William Henry Fox Talbot FRS (11 February 180017 September 1877) was a British scientist, inventor and photography pioneer who invented the salted paper and calotype processes, precursors to photographic processes of the later 19th and 20th centuries.

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Henry Gray

Henry Gray (1827 – 13 June 1861) was an English anatomist and surgeon most notable for publishing the book Gray's Anatomy.

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Henry Hallett Dale

Sir Henry Hallett Dale (9 June 1875 – 23 July 1968) was an English pharmacologist and physiologist.

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Henry Hindley

Henry Hindley (1701–1771) was an 18th-century clockmaker, watchmaker and maker of scientific instruments.

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Henry Maudslay

Henry Maudslay (pronunciation and spelling) (22 August 1771 – 14 February 1831) was a British machine tool innovator, tool and die maker, and inventor.

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Henry Mill

Henry Mill (c. 1683–1771) was an English inventor who patented the first typewriter in 1714.

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Henry Moseley

Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley (23 November 1887 – 10 August 1915) was an English physicist, whose contribution to the science of physics was the justification from physical laws of the previous empirical and chemical concept of the atomic number.

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Henry O'Reilly

Henry O'Reilly (February 6, 1806 – August 17, 1886) was an Irish-American businessman and telegraphy pioneer.

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Henry Shrapnel

Lieutenant General Henry Shrapnel (3 June 1761 – 13 March 1842) was a British Army officer whose name has entered the English language as the inventor of the shrapnel shell.

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Henry VIII of England

Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England from 1509 until his death.

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Herbert Akroyd Stuart

Herbert Akroyd-Stuart (28 January 1864, Halifax, Yorkshire, England – 19 February 1927, Halifax) was an English inventor who is noted for his invention of the hot bulb engine, or heavy oil engine.

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Higgs boson

The Higgs boson is an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics.

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High-explosive squash head

High-explosive squash head (HESH) is a type of explosive ammunition that is effective against tank armour and is also useful against buildings.

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Hip replacement

Hip replacement is a surgical procedure in which the hip joint is replaced by a prosthetic implant, that is, a hip prosthesis.

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Hiram Maxim

Sir Hiram Stevens Maxim (5 February 1840 – 24 November 1916) was an American-born British inventor, best known as the creator of the Maxim Gun, the first portable fully automatic machine gun.

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History of human-powered aircraft

The history of human-powered aircraft (HPA) started in the early twentieth century.

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History of radar

The history of radar (where radar stands for RAdio Detection And Ranging) started with experiments by Heinrich Hertz in the late 19th century that showed that radio waves were reflected by metallic objects.

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History of the formation of the United Kingdom

The formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland has involved personal and political union across Great Britain and the wider British Isles.

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HMS Argus (I49)

HMS Argus was a British aircraft carrier that served in the Royal Navy from 1918 to 1944.

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HMS Dreadnought (1906)

HMS Dreadnought was a battleship built for the Royal Navy that revolutionised naval power.

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HMS Trusty

Five ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Trusty.

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Holography

Holography is the science and practice of making holograms.

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Hooke's law

Hooke's law is a principle of physics that states that the force needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance scales linearly with respect to that distance.

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Hornsby-Akroyd oil engine

The Hornsby-Akroyd oil engine was the first successful design of internal combustion engine using "heavy oil" as a fuel.

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Horstmann suspension

Horstmann suspension is a type of tracked suspension devised by the British engineer Sidney Horstmann in 1922.

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Hot-bulb engine

The hot-bulb engine is a type of internal combustion engine in which fuel ignites by coming in contact with a red-hot metal surface inside a bulb, followed by the introduction of air (oxygen) compressed into the hot-bulb chamber by the rising piston.

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HOTOL

HOTOL, for Horizontal Take-Off and Landing, was a 1980s British design for a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spaceplane that was to be powered by an airbreathing jet engine.

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Hovercraft

A hovercraft, also known as an air-cushion vehicle or ACV, is a craft capable of travelling over land, water, mud, ice, and other surfaces.

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Hubert Cecil Booth

Hubert Cecil Booth (4 July 1871 – 14 January 1955) was an English engineer known for inventing one of the first powered vacuum cleaners.

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Human power

Human power is work or energy that is produced from the human body.

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Humphry Davy

Sir Humphry Davy, 1st Baronet (17 December 177829 May 1829) was a Cornish chemist and inventor, who is best remembered today for isolating, using electricity, a series of elements for the first time: potassium and sodium in 1807 and calcium, strontium, barium, magnesium and boron the following year, as well as discovering the elemental nature of chlorine and iodine.

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Husky (computer)

The DVW Husky is a handheld British rugged computer issued in 1981 by DVW Electronics.

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Hydraulic accumulator

A hydraulic accumulator is a pressure storage reservoir in which a non-compressible hydraulic fluid is held under pressure that is applied by an external source.

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Hydraulic press

A hydraulic press is a device (see machine press) using a hydraulic cylinder to generate a compressive force.

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Hydroelectricity

Hydroelectricity is electricity produced from hydropower.

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Hydrofoil

A hydrofoil is a lifting surface, or foil, that operates in water.

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Hydrogen

Hydrogen is a chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1.

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Hydrophone

A hydrophone (Ancient Greek ὕδωρ.

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Hyperion (moon)

Hyperion (Greek: Ὑπερίων), also known as Saturn VII (7), is a moon of Saturn discovered by William Cranch Bond, George Phillips Bond and William Lassell in 1848.

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Hypnosis

Hypnosis is a state of human consciousness involving focused attention and reduced peripheral awareness and an enhanced capacity to respond to suggestion.

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Ian Bell

Ian Ronald Bell MBE (born 11 April 1982) is an English cricketer who played international cricket in all formats for the England cricket team.

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Ian Cullimore

Ian Cullimore is an English-born mathematician and computer scientist who has been influential in the pocket PC arena.

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Ian Donald

Ian Donald (December 1910 – 19 June 1987) was a Scottish physician who pioneered the use of diagnostic ultrasound in medicine.

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Ian Wilmut

Sir Ian Wilmut, OBE FRS One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: FMedSci FRSE (born 7 July 1944) is a British embryologist and Chair of the Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine at the University of Edinburgh.

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In vitro fertilisation

In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a process of fertilisation where an egg is combined with sperm outside the body, in vitro ("in glass").

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Incandescent light bulb

An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light with a wire filament heated to such a high temperature that it glows with visible light (incandescence).

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Index register

An index register in a computer's CPU is a processor register used for modifying operand addresses during the run of a program, typically for doing vector/array operations.

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Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.

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Inflatable boat

An inflatable boat is a lightweight boat constructed with its sides and bow made of flexible tubes containing pressurised gas.

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Innovation

Innovation can be defined simply as a "new idea, device or method".

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Insulin

Insulin (from Latin insula, island) is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets; it is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body.

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Integrated circuit

An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece (or "chip") of semiconductor material, normally silicon.

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Interleaved memory

In computing, interleaved memory is a design made to compensate for the relatively slow speed of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) or core memory, by spreading memory addresses evenly across memory banks.

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Internal combustion engine

An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit.

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International System of Units

The International System of Units (SI, abbreviated from the French Système international (d'unités)) is the modern form of the metric system, and is the most widely used system of measurement.

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Interrupt

In system programming, an interrupt is a signal to the processor emitted by hardware or software indicating an event that needs immediate attention.

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Intraocular lens

Intraocular lens (IOL) is a lens implanted in the eye as part of a treatment for cataracts or myopia.

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Intron

An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is removed by RNA splicing during maturation of the final RNA product.

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Invention

An invention is a unique or novel device, method, composition or process.

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Iris recognition

Iris recognition is an automated method of biometric identification that uses mathematical pattern-recognition techniques on video images of one or both of the irises of an individual's eyes, whose complex patterns are unique, stable, and can be seen from some distance.

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Irish whiskey

Irish whiskey (Fuisce or uisce beatha) is whiskey made on the island of Ireland.

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Ironstone china

Ironstone china, ironstone ware or most commonly just ironstone, is a type of vitreous pottery first made in the United Kingdom in the early 19th century.

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Isaac Holden

Sir Isaac Holden, 1st Baronet (7 May 1807 – 13 August 1897) was an inventor and manufacturer, who is known both for his work in developing the Square Motion wool-combing machine and as a Radical Liberal Member of Parliament.

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Isaac Newton

Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, astronomer, theologian, author and physicist (described in his own day as a "natural philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time, and a key figure in the scientific revolution.

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Isaac Pitman

Sir Isaac Pitman (4 January 1813 – 22 January 1897), was a teacher of the:English language who developed the most widely used system of shorthand, known now as Pitman shorthand.

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Isambard Kingdom Brunel

Isambard Kingdom Brunel (9 April 1806 – 15 September 1859), was an English mechanical and civil engineer who is considered "one of the most ingenious and prolific figures in engineering history", "one of the 19th-century engineering giants", and "one of the greatest figures of the Industrial Revolution, changed the face of the English landscape with his groundbreaking designs and ingenious constructions".

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Isle of Wight

The Isle of Wight (also referred to informally as The Island or abbreviated to IOW) is a county and the largest and second-most populous island in England.

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Isotope

Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element which differ in neutron number.

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J. J. Thomson

Sir Joseph John Thomson (18 December 1856 – 30 August 1940) was an English physicist and Nobel Laureate in Physics, credited with the discovery and identification of the electron; and with the discovery of the first subatomic particle.

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J. S. Fry & Sons

J.

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James Anderson of Hermiston

James Anderson FRSE FSA(Scot) (1739 – 15 October 1808) was a Scottish agriculturist, journalist and economist.

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James Ayscough

James Ayscough (died 1759) was an English optician and designer and maker of scientific instruments.

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James B. Francis

James Bicheno Francis (May 18, 1815 – September 18, 1892) was a British-American civil engineer, who invented the Francis turbine.

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James Black (pharmacologist)

Sir James Whyte Black (14 June 1924 – 22 March 2010) was a Scottish physician and pharmacologist.

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James Blundell (physician)

James Blundell (27 December 1790 Holborn, London – 15 January 1878 St George Hanover Square, London) was an English obstetrician who performed the first successful transfusion of human blood to a patient for treatment of a haemorrhage.

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James Bowman Lindsay

James Bowman Lindsay (8 September 1799 – 29 June 1862) was a Scottish inventor and author.

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James Braid (surgeon)

James Braid (19 June 1795 – 25 March 1860) was a Scottish surgeon and "gentleman scientist".

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James Chadwick

Sir James Chadwick, (20 October 1891 – 24 July 1974) was an English physicist who was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the neutron in 1932.

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James Chalmers (inventor)

James Chalmers (2 February 1782, Arbroath – 26 August 1853, Dundee) was a Scotsman (buried on 1 September 1853 in plot 526 Dundee Howff) who it was claimed, by his son, was the inventor of the adhesive postage stamps.

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James Clerk Maxwell

James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish scientist in the field of mathematical physics.

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James David Forbes

James David Forbes (20 April 1809 – 31 December 1868) was a Scottish physicist and glaciologist who worked extensively on the conduction of heat and seismology.

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James Dewar

Sir James Dewar FRS FRSE (20 September 1842 – 27 March 1923) was a Scottish chemist and physicist.

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James Dyson

Sir James Dyson (born 2 May 1947) is a British inventor, industrial design engineer and founder of the Dyson company.

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James Goodfellow

James Goodfellow OBE (born 1937 in Paisley, Renfrewshire) where he was educated at St Mirin's Academy is a Scottish inventor.

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James Gregory (mathematician)

James Gregory FRS (November 1638 – October 1675) was a Scottish mathematician and astronomer.

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James Hargreaves

James Hargreaves (c. 1720 – 22 April 1778) was a weaver, carpenter and inventor in Lancashire, England.

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James Henry Greathead

James Henry Greathead (6 August 1844 – 21 October 1896) was a civil engineer renowned for his work on the London Underground railway.

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James Marsh (chemist)

James Marsh (2 September 1794 – 21 June 1846) was a British chemist who invented the Marsh test for detecting arsenic.

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James Parkinson

James Parkinson FGS (11 April 175521 December 1824) was an English surgeon, apothecary, geologist, palaeontologist, and political activist, who is best known for his 1817 work, An Essay on the Shaking Palsy in which he was the first to describe "paralysis agitans", a condition that would later be renamed Parkinson's disease by Jean-Martin Charcot.

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James Pickard

James Pickard was an English inventor.

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James Porteous

James Porteous (1848–1922) was the Scottish-American inventor of the Fresno scraper.

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James Prescott Joule

James Prescott Joule (24 December 1818 11 October 1889) was an English physicist, mathematician and brewer, born in Salford, Lancashire.

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James Puckle

James Puckle (1667–1724) was an English inventor, lawyer and writer from London chiefly remembered for his invention of the Defence Gun, better known as the Puckle gun, a multi-shot gun mounted on a stand capable of (depending on which version) firing up to nine rounds per minute.

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James Small (inventor)

James Small (1740, Dalkeith, Midlothian – 1793) was a Scottish inventor instrumental in the invention of the modern-style iron swing plough in 1779–80.

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James Smith (inventor)

James Smith (3 January 1789, Glasgow – 10 June 1850, Kingencleuch near Mauchline, age 61)Obituary, Gentleman's Magazine, 1850, pp.

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James Starley

James Starley (21 April 1830 – 17 June 1881) was an English inventor and father of the bicycle industry.

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James Watson

James Dewey Watson (born April 6, 1928) is an American molecular biologist, geneticist and zoologist, best known as one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA in 1953 with Francis Crick and Rosalind Franklin.

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James Wimshurst

James Wimshurst (13 April 1832 – 3 January 1903) was an English inventor, engineer and shipwright.

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James Young (chemist)

James Young (13 July 1811 – 13 May 1883) was a Scottish chemist best known for his method of distilling paraffin from coal and oil shales.

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James Young Simpson

Sir James Young Simpson, 1st Baronet (7 June 1811 – 6 May 1870) was a Scottish obstetrician and a significant figure in the history of medicine.

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Jameson Irish Whiskey

Jameson is a blended Irish whiskey produced by the Irish Distillers subsidiary of Pernod Ricard.

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Jasperware

Jasperware, or jasper ware, is a type of pottery first developed by Josiah Wedgwood in the 1770s.

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Jedediah Strutt

Jedediah Strutt (1726 – 7 May 1797) or Jedidiah Strutt – as he spelled it – was a hosier and cotton spinner from Belper, England.

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Jeremy Bentham

Jeremy Bentham (15 February 1748 – 6 June 1832) was an English philosopher, jurist, and social reformer regarded as the founder of modern utilitarianism.

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Jet airliner

A jet airliner (or jetliner) is an airliner powered by jet engines (passenger jet aircraft).

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Jet engine

A jet engine is a type of reaction engine discharging a fast-moving jet that generates thrust by jet propulsion.

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Jethro Tull (agriculturist)

Jethro Tull (1674 – 21 February 1741, New Style) was an English agricultural pioneer from Berkshire who helped bring about the British Agricultural Revolution.

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John Ambrose Fleming

Sir John Ambrose Fleming FRS (29 November 1849 – 18 April 1945), an English electrical engineer and physicist, invented the first thermionic valve or vacuum tube, and also established the left-hand rule for electric motors.

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John Barber (engineer)

John Barber (1734–1793) was an English coal viewer and inventor.

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John Bennet Lawes

Sir John Bennet Lawes, 1st Baronet, FRS (28 December 1814 – 31 August 1900) was an English entrepreneur and agricultural scientist.

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John Bird (astronomer)

John Bird (1709–1776), the mathematical instrument maker, was born at Bishop Auckland.

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John Bostock (physician)

John Bostock, Jr. MD FRS (baptised 29 June 1773, died 6 August 1846) was an English physician, scientist and geologist from Liverpool.

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John Boyd Dunlop

John Boyd Dunlop (5 February 1840 – 23 October 1921) was a Scottish inventor and veterinary surgeon who spent most of his career in Ireland.

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John Boyd Orr

John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr of Brechin Mearns, (23 September 1880 – 25 June 1971), styled Sir John Boyd Orr from 1935 to 1949, was a Scottish teacher, doctor, biologist and politician who received the Nobel Peace Prize for his scientific research into nutrition and his work as the first Director-General of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

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John Braithwaite (engineer)

John Braithwaite, the younger (19 March 1797 – 25 September 1870) was an English engineer who invented the first steam fire engine.

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John Broadwood

John Broadwood (6 October 1732 – 17 July 1812) was the Scottish founder of the piano manufacturer Broadwood and Sons.

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John Charnley

Sir John Charnley, (29 August 1911 – 5 August 1982) was a British orthopaedic surgeon.

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John Cockcroft

Sir John Douglas Cockcroft, (27 May 1897 – 18 September 1967) was a British physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1951 for splitting the atomic nucleus with Ernest Walton, and was instrumental in the development of nuclear power.

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John Couch Adams

John Couch Adams (5 June 1819 – 21 January 1892) was a British mathematician and astronomer.

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John Crofton

Sir John Wenman Crofton (27 March 1912 – 3 November 2009) was a pioneer in the treatment of tuberculosis, who also spent the better part of his life raising awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco.

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John Dalton

John Dalton FRS (6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist, and meteorologist.

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John Daugman

John Gustav Daugman OBE FREng FNAI FIMA FBCS FIAPR is a British-American professor of computer vision and pattern recognition at the University of Cambridge.

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John Dollond

John Dollond FRS (10 June O.S. (21 June N.S.) 170630 November 1761) was an English optician, known for his successful optics business and his patenting and commercialization of achromatic doublets.

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John Edward Gray

John Edward Gray, FRS (12 February 1800 – 7 March 1875) was a British zoologist.

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John Fowler (agricultural engineer)

John Fowler (11 July 1826 – 4 December 1864) was an English agricultural engineer who was a pioneer in the use of steam engines for ploughing and digging drainage channels.

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John Frederic Daniell

John Frederic Daniell FRS (12 March 1790 – 13 March 1845) was an English chemist and physicist.

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John Hadley

John Hadley (16 April 1682 – 14 February 1744) was an English mathematician, and laid claim to the invention of the octant, two years after Thomas Godfrey claimed the same.

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John Harington (writer)

Sir John Harington (also spelled Harrington, baptised 4 August 1560 – 20 November 1612), of Kelston, but baptised in London, was an English courtier, author and translator popularly known as the inventor of the flush toilet.

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John Harrison

John Harrison (– 24 March 1776) was a self-educated English carpenter and clockmaker who invented a marine chronometer, a long-sought-after device for solving the problem of calculating longitude while at sea.

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John Harwood (watchmaker)

John Harwood (1893–1964) was a British watchmaker who invented the self-winding wristwatch.

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John Heathcoat

John Heathcoat (7 August 1783 – 18 January 1861) was an English inventor from Duffield, Derbyshire.

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John Holland (banker)

John Holland (1658–1722) was an English banker.

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John Isaac Hawkins

John Isaac Hawkins (1772–1855) was an inventor who practised civil engineering.

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John Isaac Thornycroft

Sir John Isaac Thornycroft (1843–1928) was an English shipbuilder, the founder of the Thornycroft shipbuilding company and member of the Thornycroft family.

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John Kay (flying shuttle)

John Kay (17 June 1704 – c. 1779) was the inventor of the flying shuttle, which was a key contribution to the Industrial Revolution.

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John Kay (spinning frame)

John Kay was a clockmaker from Warrington, Lancashire, England, associated with the scandal surrounding invention of the spinning frame in 1767, an important stage in the development of textile manufacturing in the Industrial Revolution.

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John Kemp Starley

John Kemp Starley (1854Biography at Vestry House Museum, Walthamstow–1901) was an English inventor and industrialist who is widely considered the inventor of the modern bicycle, and also originator of the name Rover.

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John Law (economist)

John Law (baptised 21 April 1671 – 21 March 1729) was a Scottish economist who believed that money was only a means of exchange that did not constitute wealth in itself and that national wealth depended on trade.

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John Lawson Johnston

John Lawson Johnston (1839– 24 November 1900) was the creator of Bovril.

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John Leslie (physicist)

Sir John Leslie, FRSE KH (10 April 1766 – 3 November 1832) was a Scottish mathematician and physicist best remembered for his research into heat.

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John Locke

John Locke (29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism".

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John Logie Baird

John Logie Baird FRSE (13 August 188814 June 1946) was a Scottish engineer, innovator, one of the inventors of the mechanical television, demonstrating the first working television system on 26 January 1926, and inventor of both the first publicly demonstrated colour television system, and the first purely electronic colour television picture tube.

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John Loudon McAdam

John Loudon McAdam (23 September 1756 – 26 November 1836) was a Scottish engineer and road-builder.

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John Macleod (physiologist)

Prof John James Rickard Macleod, FRS FRSE LLD (6 September 1876 – 16 March 1935) was a Scottish biochemist and physiologist.

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John Mallard

John Rowland Mallard OBE FRSE FREng was Professor of Medical Physics at the University of Aberdeen from 1965 until his retirement in 1992.

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John Maynard Keynes

John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes (5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946), was a British economist whose ideas fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics and the economic policies of governments.

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John Michell

John Michell (25 December 1724 – 29 April 1793) was an English natural philosopher and clergyman who provided pioneering insights in a wide range of scientific fields, including astronomy, geology, optics, and gravitation.

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John Milne

John Milne (30 December 1850 – 31 July 1913) was a British geologist and mining engineer who worked on a horizontal seismograph.

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John Napier

John Napier of Merchiston (1550 – 4 April 1617); also signed as Neper, Nepair; nicknamed Marvellous Merchiston) was a Scottish landowner known as a mathematician, physicist, and astronomer. He was the 8th Laird of Merchiston. His Latinized name was Ioannes Neper. John Napier is best known as the discoverer of logarithms. He also invented the so-called "Napier's bones" and made common the use of the decimal point in arithmetic and mathematics. Napier's birthplace, Merchiston Tower in Edinburgh, is now part of the facilities of Edinburgh Napier University. Napier died from the effects of gout at home at Merchiston Castle and his remains were buried in the kirkyard of St Giles. Following the loss of the kirkyard there to build Parliament House, he was memorialised at St Cuthbert's at the west side of Edinburgh.

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John Nevil Maskelyne

John Nevil Maskelyne (22 December 183918 May 1917) was an English stage magician and inventor of the pay toilet, along with many other Victorian-era devices.

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John Newbery

John Newbery (9 July 1713 – 22 December 1767), called "The Father of Children's Literature", was an English publisher of books who first made children's literature a sustainable and profitable part of the literary market.

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John Newlands (chemist)

John Alexander Reina Newlands (26 November 1837 – 29 July 1898) was a British chemist who did work concerning the periodicity of elements.

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John Ramsbottom (engineer)

John Ramsbottom (11 September 1814 – 20 May 1897) was an English mechanical engineer.

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John Randall (physicist)

Sir John Turton Randall, (23 March 1905 – 16 June 1984) was a British physicist and biophysicist, credited with radical improvement of the cavity magnetron, an essential component of centimetric wavelength radar, which was one of the keys to the Allied victory in the Second World War.

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John Raymond Hobbs

John Raymond Hobbs MRCS, FRCP, FRCPath, FRCPaed (17 April 1929 – 13 July 2008) was a professor who was at the forefront of the techniques of clinical immunology, protein biochemistry and bone marrow transplantation, specifically in child health.

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John Roebuck

John Roebuck of Kinneil FRS FRSE (1718 – 17 July 1794) was an English inventor and industrialist who played an important role in the Industrial Revolution and who is known for developing the industrial-scale manufacture of sulphuric acid.

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John Serson

John Serson (died 1744) was an English sea captain best known for his invention of a 'whirling speculum'.

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John Shore (trumpeter)

John Shore (c. 1662 – 1752) was an English trumpeter and lutenist.

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John Snow

John Snow (15 March 1813 – 16 June 1858) was an English physician and a leader in the adoption of anesthesia and medical hygiene.

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John Stringfellow

John Stringfellow (1799 – 13 December 1883) was born in Sheffield, England and is known for his work on the Aerial Steam Carriage with William Samuel Henson.

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John Theophilus Desaguliers

John Theophilus Desaguliers FRS (12 March 1683 – 29 February 1744) was a French-born British natural philosopher, clergyman, engineer and freemason who was elected to the Royal Society in 1714 as experimental assistant to Isaac Newton.

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John Tyndall

John Tyndall FRS (2 August 1820 – 4 December 1893) was a prominent 19th-century physicist.

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John Venn

John Venn, FRS, FSA, (4 August 1834 – 4 April 1923) was an English logician and philosopher noted for introducing the Venn diagram, used in the fields of set theory, probability, logic, statistics, and computer science.

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John von Neumann

John von Neumann (Neumann János Lajos,; December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian-American mathematician, physicist, computer scientist, and polymath.

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John Walker (inventor)

John Walker (29 May 1781 – 1 May 1859) was an English inventor who invented the friction match.

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John Wesley

John Wesley (2 March 1791) was an English cleric and theologian who, with his brother Charles and fellow cleric George Whitefield, founded Methodism.

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John West (captain)

John West (1809 – 1888) was a Scottish inventor and businessman who emigrated to Canada, California and later Oregon where he operated a cannery and exported tuna to Great Britain.

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John Wilkins

John Wilkins, (16141672) was an Anglican clergyman, natural philosopher and author, and was one of the founders of the Royal Society.

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John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh

John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, (12 November 1842 – 30 June 1919) was a physicist who, with William Ramsay, discovered argon, an achievement for which he earned the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1904.

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Joseph Aspdin

Joseph Aspdin (December 1778 – 20 March 1855) was an English cement manufacturer who obtained the patent for Portland cement on 21 October 1824.

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Joseph Bamford

Joseph Cyril Bamford CBE (21 June 1916 – 1 March 2001)Ritchie, Berry, The Independent, 7 March 2001 was a British businessman, who was the founder of the JCB company, manufacturing heavy plant.

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Joseph Black

Joseph Black FRSE FRCPE FPSG (16 April 1728 – 6 December 1799) was a Scottish physician and chemist, known for his discoveries of magnesium, latent heat, specific heat, and carbon dioxide.

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Joseph Bramah

Joseph Bramah (13 April 1748 – 9 December 1814), born Stainborough Lane Farm, Stainborough, Barnsley Yorkshire, was an English inventor and locksmith.

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Joseph Day (inventor)

Joseph Day (1855 in London – 1946) is a little-known English engineer who developed the extremely widely used crankcase-compression two-stroke petrol engine, as used for small engines from lawnmowers to mopeds and small motorcycles.

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Joseph Hansom

Joseph Aloysius Hansom (26 October 1803 – 29 June 1882) was a prolific English architect working principally in the Gothic Revival style.

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Joseph Lister

Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister, (5 April 182710 February 1912), known between 1883 and 1897 as Sir Joseph Lister, Bt., was a British surgeon and a pioneer of antiseptic surgery.

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Joseph Paxton

Sir Joseph Paxton (3 August 1803 – 8 June 1865) was an English gardener, architect and Member of Parliament, best known for designing the Crystal Palace, and for cultivating the Cavendish banana, the most consumed banana in the Western world.

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Joseph Priestley

Joseph Priestley FRS (– 6 February 1804) was an 18th-century English Separatist theologian, natural philosopher, chemist, innovative grammarian, multi-subject educator, and liberal political theorist who published over 150 works.

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Joseph Swan

Sir Joseph Wilson Swan FRS (31 October 1828 – 27 May 1914) was an English physicist, chemist, and inventor.

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Joseph Whitworth

Sir Joseph Whitworth, 1st Baronet (21 December 1803 – 22 January 1887) was an English engineer, entrepreneur, inventor and philanthropist.

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Josiah Spode

Josiah Spode (23 March 1733 – 18 August 1797) was an English potter and the founder of the English Spode pottery works which became famous for the quality of its wares.

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Josiah Wedgwood

Josiah Wedgwood (12 July 1730 – 3 January 1795) was an English potter and entrepreneur.

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Joule

The joule (symbol: J) is a derived unit of energy in the International System of Units.

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Kaleidoscope

A kaleidoscope is an optical instrument with two or more reflecting surfaces tilted to each other in an angle, so that one or more (parts of) objects on one end of the mirrors are seen as a regular symmetrical pattern when viewed from the other end, due to repeated reflection.

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Kane Kramer

Kane Kramer is a British inventor and businessman.

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Karl J. Friston

Karl John Friston FRS, FMedSci, FRSB, is a British neuroscientist and authority on brain imaging.

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Keiller's marmalade

Keiller's marmalade, is named after its creator James and Janet Keiller (nee Mathewson, 1737-1813), and is believed to have been the first commercial brand of marmalade in Great Britain.

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Keith Campbell (biologist)

Keith Henry Stockman Campbell (23 May 1954 – 5 October 2012), Professor of Animal Development at the University of Nottingham, was a British biologist who was a member of the team that in 1996 first cloned a mammal, a Finnish Dorset lamb named Dolly, from fully differentiated adult mammary cells.

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Kelvin

The Kelvin scale is an absolute thermodynamic temperature scale using as its null point absolute zero, the temperature at which all thermal motion ceases in the classical description of thermodynamics.

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Kennelly–Heaviside layer

The Kennelly–Heaviside layer, named after Arthur E. Kennelly and Oliver Heaviside, also known as the E region or simply the Heaviside layer, is a layer of ionised gas occurring between roughly 90–150 km (56–93 mi) above the ground — one of several layers in the Earth's ionosphere.

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Kenyon Taylor

Maurice Kenyon Taylor (26 June 1908 – 29 June 1986) was a British electrical engineer and inventor responsible for many diverse technological developments and inventions, producing over 70 patents during his career.

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Kettle

A kettle, sometimes called a tea kettle or teakettle, is a type of pot, typically metal, specialized for boiling water, with a lid, spout, and handle, or a small kitchen appliance of similar shape that functions in a self-contained manner.

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Keynesian Revolution

The Keynesian Revolution was a fundamental reworking of economic theory concerning the factors determining employment levels in the overall economy.

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Killingworth locomotives

George Stephenson built a number of experimental steam locomotives to work in the Killingworth Colliery between 1814 and 1826.

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Kinemacolor

Kinemacolor was the first successful color motion picture process, used commercially from 1908 to 1914.

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Kinetoscope

The Kinetoscope is an early motion picture exhibition device.

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Kirkpatrick Macmillan

Kirkpatrick Macmillan (2 September 1812 in Keir, Dumfries and Galloway – 26 January 1878 in Keir) was a Scottish blacksmith.

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Konstantin Novoselov

Sir Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov (born 1974) is a Russian-British physicist, and Langworthy Professor in the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester.

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Land speed record

The land speed record (or absolute land speed record) is the highest speed achieved by a person using a vehicle on land.

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Laptop

A laptop, also called a notebook computer or just notebook, is a small, portable personal computer with a "clamshell" form factor, having, typically, a thin LCD or LED computer screen mounted on the inside of the upper lid of the "clamshell" and an alphanumeric keyboard on the inside of the lower lid.

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Large Hadron Collider

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and most powerful particle collider, the most complex experimental facility ever built and the largest single machine in the world.

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Latent heat

Latent heat is thermal energy released or absorbed, by a body or a thermodynamic system, during a constant-temperature process — usually a first-order phase transition.

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Lava lamp

A lava lamp (or Astro lamp) is a decorative novelty item, invented in 1963 by British accountant Edward Craven Walker, the founder of the British lighting company Mathmos.

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Law of multiple proportions

In chemistry, the law of multiple proportions is one of the basic laws of stoichiometry used to establish the atomic theory, alongside the law of conservation of mass (matter) and the law of definite proportions.

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Lawn mower

A lawn mower (mower) is a machine utilizing one or more revolving blades to cut a grass surface to an even height.

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Lawrence Bragg

Sir William Lawrence Bragg, (31 March 1890 – 1 July 1971) was an Australian-born British physicist and X-ray crystallographer, discoverer (1912) of Bragg's law of X-ray diffraction, which is basic for the determination of crystal structure.

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Lead chamber process

The lead chamber process was an industrial method used to produce sulfuric acid in large quantities.

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LEO (computer)

The LEO I (Lyons Electronic Office I) was the first computer used for commercial business applications.

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Leo Szilard

Leo Szilard (Szilárd Leó; Leo Spitz until age 2; February 11, 1898 – May 30, 1964) was a Hungarian-German-American physicist and inventor.

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Leslie Hore-Belisha

Leslie Hore-Belisha, 1st Baron Hore-Belisha, PC (7 September 1893 – 16 February 1957) was a British Liberal, then National Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) and Cabinet Minister.

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Leukemia

Leukemia, also spelled leukaemia, is a group of cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal white blood cells.

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Lever escapement

The lever escapement, invented by British clockmaker Thomas Mudge in 1755, is a type of escapement that is used in almost all mechanical watches, as well as small mechanical non-pendulum clocks, alarm clocks, and kitchen timers.

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Lewis Fry Richardson

Lewis Fry Richardson, FRS (11 October 1881 – 30 September 1953) was an English mathematician, physicist, meteorologist, psychologist and pacifist who pioneered modern mathematical techniques of weather forecasting, and the application of similar techniques to studying the causes of wars and how to prevent them.

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LGOC B-type

The LGOC B-type is a model of double-decker bus that was introduced in London in 1910.

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Lifeboat (rescue)

A rescue lifeboat is a boat rescue craft which is used to attend a vessel in distress, or its survivors, to rescue crew and passengers.

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Lift (soaring)

Lift is a meteorological phenomenon used as an energy source by soaring aircraft and soaring birds.

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Light switch

In electrical wiring, a light switch is a switch, most commonly used to operate electric lights, permanently connected equipment, or electrical outlets.

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Light-emitting diode

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source.

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Lime cordial

Lime cordial is a non-alcoholic drink, made by mixing concentrated lime juice and sugar with water.

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Linear motor

A linear motor is an electric motor that has had its stator and rotor "unrolled" so that instead of producing a torque (rotation) it produces a linear force along its length.

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Linoleum

Linoleum, also called Lino, is a floor covering made from materials such as solidified linseed oil (linoxyn), pine rosin, ground cork dust, wood flour, and mineral fillers such as calcium carbonate, most commonly on a burlap or canvas backing.

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Linux kernel

The Linux kernel is an open-source monolithic Unix-like computer operating system kernel.

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Lionel Lukin

Lionel Lukin (18 May 1742 – 16 February 1834) was a British inventor and lifeboat designer.

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Liquid-crystal display

A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals.

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List of animals that have been cloned

This is a list of animals that have been cloned.

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List of English inventions and discoveries

English inventions and discoveries are objects, processes or techniques invented, innovated or discovered, partially or entirely, in England by a person from England (that is, someone born in England - including to non-English parents - or born abroad with at least one English parent and who had the majority of their education or career in England).

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List of English inventors and designers

This is a list of English inventors and designers.

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List of Welsh inventors

This is a list of people of Welsh origin who are recognised as innovators or inventors who have made notable contributions to technical or theoretical world advancements.

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Livens Projector

The Livens Projector was a simple mortar-like weapon that could throw large drums filled with flammable or toxic chemicals.

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Liverpool and Manchester Railway

The Liverpool and Manchester Railway (L&MR) was a railway opened on 15 September 1830 between the Lancashire towns of Liverpool and Manchester in England.

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LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman

LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman is a Pacific steam locomotive built in 1923 for the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) at Doncaster Works to a design of Nigel Gresley.

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Locomotion No. 1

Locomotion No.

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Locomotive

A locomotive or engine is a rail transport vehicle that provides the motive power for a train.

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Logarithm

In mathematics, the logarithm is the inverse function to exponentiation.

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London

London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.

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London Underground

The London Underground (also known simply as the Underground, or by its nickname the Tube) is a public rapid transit system serving London and some parts of the adjacent counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex and Hertfordshire in the United Kingdom.

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Longitude

Longitude, is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east-west position of a point on the Earth's surface.

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Loom

A loom is a device used to weave cloth and tapestry.

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Lorgnette

A lorgnette is a pair of spectacles with a handle, used to hold them in place, rather than fitting over the ears or nose.

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Lotus 25

The Lotus 25 was a racing car designed by Colin Chapman for the 1962 Formula One season.

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Louis Essen

Louis Essen FRS O.B.E. (6 September 1908 – 24 August 1997) was an English physicist whose most notable achievements were in the precise measurement of time and the determination of the speed of light.

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Louise Brown

Louise Joy Brown (born 25 July 1978) is an English woman known for being the first human to have been born after conception by ''in vitro'' fertilisation, or IVF.

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Ludwig Guttmann

Sir Ludwig "Poppa" Guttmann (3 July 1899 – 18 March 1980)GRO – Register of Deaths – MAR 1980 19 1000 AYLESBURY, Ludwig Guttmann, DoB.

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Luke Howard

Luke Howard, FRS (28 November 1772 – 21 March 1864) was a British manufacturing chemist and an amateur meteorologist with broad interests in science.

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Luminosity

In astronomy, luminosity is the total amount of energy emitted per unit of time by a star, galaxy, or other astronomical object.

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Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron Playfair

Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron Playfair (1 May 1818 – 29 May 1898) was a Scottish scientist and Liberal politician.

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Macadam

Macadam is a type of road construction, pioneered by Scottish engineer John Loudon McAdam around 1820, in which single-sized crushed stone layers of small angular stones are placed in shallow lifts and compacted thoroughly.

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Macaulay Institute

The Macaulay Institute, formally the Macaulay Land Use Research Institute and sometimes referred to simply as The Macaulay is a research institute based at Aberdeen in Scotland, which is now part of the James Hutton Institute.

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Macaulayite

Macaulayite is a red, earthy, monoclinic mineral, with the chemical formula (Fe3+, Al)24Si4O43(OH)2.

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Mackintosh

The Mackintosh or raincoat (abbreviated as mac or mack) is a form of waterproof raincoat, first sold in 1824, made out of rubberised fabric.

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Maglev

Maglev (derived from magnetic levitation) is a system of train transportation that uses two sets of magnets, one set to repel and push the train up off the track as in levitation (hence Maglev, Magnetic-levitation), then another set to move the 'floating train' ahead at great speed taking advantage of the lack of friction.

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Magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body in both health and disease.

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Magneto-optic effect

A magneto-optic effect is any one of a number of phenomena in which an electromagnetic wave propagates through a medium that has been altered by the presence of a quasistatic magnetic field.

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Magnifying glass

A magnifying glass (called a hand lens in laboratory contexts) is a convex lens that is used to produce a magnified image of an object.

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Main battle tank

A main battle tank (MBT), also known as a battle tank or universal tank, is a tank that fills the armor-protected direct fire and maneuver role of many modern armies.

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Malaria

Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease affecting humans and other animals caused by parasitic protozoans (a group of single-celled microorganisms) belonging to the Plasmodium type.

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Malthusianism

Malthusianism is the idea that population growth is potentially exponential while the growth of the food supply is linear.

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Manchester Baby

The Manchester Baby, also known as the Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), was the world's first stored-program computer.

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Manchester Mark 1

The Manchester Mark 1 was one of the earliest stored-program computers, developed at the Victoria University of Manchester from the Manchester Baby (operational in June 1948).

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Marine chronometer

A marine chronometer is a timepiece that is precise and accurate enough to be used as a portable time standard; it can therefore be used to determine longitude by means of celestial navigation.

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Marine Police Force

The Marine Police Force, sometimes known as the Thames River Police, claimed to be England's oldest police force and was formed by magistrate Patrick Colquhoun and Master Mariner John Harriott in 1798 to tackle theft and looting from ships anchored in the Pool of London and in the lower reaches and docks of the Thames.

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Mark Napier (historian)

Mark Napier (24 July 1798 – 23 November 1879) was a Scottish lawyer, biographer and historical author.

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Mars Express

Mars Express is a space exploration mission being conducted by the European Space Agency (ESA).

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Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) is a multipurpose spacecraft designed to conduct reconnaissance and exploration of Mars from orbit.

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Marsh test

The Marsh test is a highly sensitive method in the detection of arsenic, especially useful in the field of forensic toxicology when arsenic was used as a poison.

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Martin Evans

Sir Martin John Evans (born 1 January 1941) is a British biologist who, with Matthew Kaufman, was the first to culture mice embryonic stem cells and cultivate them in a laboratory in 1981.

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Martin Ryle

Sir Martin Ryle (27 September 1918 – 14 October 1984) was an English radio astronomer who developed revolutionary radio telescope systems (see e.g. aperture synthesis) and used them for accurate location and imaging of weak radio sources.

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Martina Bergman-Österberg

Martina Sofia Helena Bergman-Österberg (née Bergman; 7 October 1849 – 29 July 1915)Westrin, p. 194 was a Swedish-born physical education instructor and women's suffrage advocate who spent most of her working life in Britain.

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Mass spectrometry

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that ionizes chemical species and sorts the ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio.

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Massachusetts Institute of Technology

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.

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Match

A match is a tool for starting a fire.

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Matthew Murray

Matthew Murray (1765 – 20 February 1826) was an English steam engine and machine tool manufacturer, who designed and built the first commercially viable steam locomotive, the twin cylinder Salamanca in 1812.

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Matthew Piers Watt Boulton

Matthew Piers Watt Boulton (22 September 1820 – 30 June 1894), also published under the pseudonym M. P. W.

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Maurice Wilkes

Sir Maurice Vincent Wilkes (26 June 1913 – 29 November 2010) was a British computer scientist who designed and helped build the electronic delay storage automatic calculator (EDSAC), one of the earliest stored program computers and invented microprogramming, a method for using stored-program logic to operate the control unit of a central processing unit's circuits.

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Mauveine

Mauveine, also known as aniline purple and Perkin's mauve, was the first synthetic dye.

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Maxim gun

The Maxim gun was a weapon invented by American-born British inventor Hiram Stevens Maxim in 1884: it was the first recoil-operated machine gun in production.

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Measuring instrument

A measuring instrument is a device for measuring a physical quantity.

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Meccano

Meccano is a model construction system created in 1898 by Frank Hornby in Liverpool, United Kingdom.

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Mechanical calculator

A mechanical calculator, or calculating machine, is a mechanical device used to perform automatically the basic operations of arithmetic.

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Mechanical pencil

A mechanical pencil (US English) or propelling pencil (UK English), also clutch pencil, is a pencil with a replaceable and mechanically extendable solid pigment core called a "lead".

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Mechanical television

Mechanical television or mechanical scan television is a television system that relies on a mechanical scanning device, such as a rotating disk with holes in it or a rotating mirror, to scan the scene and generate the video signal, and a similar mechanical device at the receiver to display the picture.

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Medical thermometer

A medical thermometer is used for measuring human or animal body temperature.

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Medical ultrasound

Medical ultrasound (also known as diagnostic sonography or ultrasonography) is a diagnostic imaging technique based on the application of ultrasound.

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Meson

In particle physics, mesons are hadronic subatomic particles composed of one quark and one antiquark, bound together by strong interactions.

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Metamaterial

A metamaterial (from the Greek word μετά meta, meaning "beyond") is a material engineered to have a property that is not found in nature.

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Meteorology

Meteorology is a branch of the atmospheric sciences which includes atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric physics, with a major focus on weather forecasting.

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Methodism

Methodism or the Methodist movement is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity which derive their inspiration from the life and teachings of John Wesley, an Anglican minister in England.

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Metric system

The metric system is an internationally adopted decimal system of measurement.

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Metropolitan Police Service

The Metropolitan Police Service (MPS), commonly known as the Metropolitan Police and informally as the Met, is the territorial police force responsible for law enforcement in Greater London, excluding the "square mile" of the City of London, which is the responsibility of the City of London Police.

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Metropolitan-Vickers

Metropolitan-Vickers, Metrovick, or Metrovicks, was a British heavy electrical engineering company of the early-to-mid 20th century formerly known as British Westinghouse.

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Metrovick 950

The Metrovick 950 was a transistorized computer, built from 1956 onwards by British company Metropolitan-Vickers, to the extent of sixDavid P. Anderson, Tom Kilburn: A Pioneer of Computer Design, IEEE Annals of the History of Computing - Volume 31, Number 2, April–June 2009, p. 84 or seven machines, which were "used commercially within the company" or "mainly for internal use".

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Michael Faraday

Michael Faraday FRS (22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867) was an English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.

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Microcode

Microcode is a computer hardware technique that imposes an interpreter between the CPU hardware and the programmer-visible instruction set architecture of the computer.

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Micrometer

A micrometer, sometimes known as a micrometer screw gauge, is a device incorporating a calibrated screw widely used for precise measurement of components in mechanical engineering and machining as well as most mechanical trades, along with other metrological instruments such as dial, vernier, and digital calipers.

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Microscope

A microscope (from the μικρός, mikrós, "small" and σκοπεῖν, skopeîn, "to look" or "see") is an instrument used to see objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye.

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Microwave

Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from one meter to one millimeter; with frequencies between and.

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Mimas (moon)

Mimas, also designated Saturn I, is a moon of Saturn which was discovered in 1789 by William Herschel.

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Minister (Christianity)

In Christianity, a minister is a person authorized by a church, or other religious organization, to perform functions such as teaching of beliefs; leading services such as weddings, baptisms or funerals; or otherwise providing spiritual guidance to the community.

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Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)

The Ministry of Defence (MoD or MOD) is the British government department responsible for implementing the defence policy set by Her Majesty's Government and is the headquarters of the British Armed Forces.

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Molecular biology

Molecular biology is a branch of biology which concerns the molecular basis of biological activity between biomolecules in the various systems of a cell, including the interactions between DNA, RNA, proteins and their biosynthesis, as well as the regulation of these interactions.

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Monocalcium phosphate

Monocalcium phosphate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(H2PO4)2 ("ACMP" or "CMP-A" for anhydrous monocalcium phosphate).

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Monocoque

Monocoque, also structural skin, is a structural system where loads are supported through an object's external skin, similar to an egg shell.

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Moon

The Moon is an astronomical body that orbits planet Earth and is Earth's only permanent natural satellite.

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Mosquito

Mosquitoes are small, midge-like flies that constitute the family Culicidae.

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Mousetrap

A mousetrap is a specialised type of animal trap designed primarily to catch and, usually, kill mice.

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Movie projector

A movie projector is an opto-mechanical device for displaying motion picture film by projecting it onto a screen.

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MP3 player

An MP3 player or Digital Audio Player is an electronic device that can play digital audio files.

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MTV-1

The MTV-1 Micro TV was the second model of a near pocket-sized television.

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Multiplication

Multiplication (often denoted by the cross symbol "×", by a point "⋅", by juxtaposition, or, on computers, by an asterisk "∗") is one of the four elementary mathematical operations of arithmetic; with the others being addition, subtraction and division.

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Mushet steel

Mushet steel, also known as Robert Mushet's Special Steel (RMS), self-hardening steel and air-hardening steel,.

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Myles Coverdale

Myles Coverdale, first name also spelt Miles (1488 – 20 January 1569), was an English ecclesiastical reformer chiefly known as a Bible translator, preacher and, briefly, Bishop of Exeter (1551-1553).

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NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.

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National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom)

The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) is the national measurement standards laboratory for the United Kingdom, based at Bushy Park in Teddington, London, England.

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Natural rubber

Natural rubber, also called India rubber or caoutchouc, as initially produced, consists of polymers of the organic compound isoprene, with minor impurities of other organic compounds, plus water.

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Nature (journal)

Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.

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Nature reserve

A nature reserve (also called a natural reserve, bioreserve, (natural/nature) preserve, or (national/nature) conserve) is a protected area of importance for wildlife, flora, fauna or features of geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for conservation and to provide special opportunities for study or research.

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Neil Bartlett (chemist)

Neil Bartlett (15 September 1932 – 5 August 2008) was a chemist who specialized in fluorine and compounds containing fluorine, and became famous for creating the first noble gas compounds.

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Neptune

Neptune is the eighth and farthest known planet from the Sun in the Solar System.

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Netball

Netball is a ball sport played by two teams of seven players.

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Network Rail

Network Rail is the owner (via its subsidiary Network Rail Infrastructure Ltd, which was known as Railtrack plc before 2002) and infrastructure manager of most of the rail network in England, Scotland and Wales.

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Neutron

| magnetic_moment.

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New York City Subway

The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, a subsidiary agency of the state-run Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA).

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Newcastle upon Tyne

Newcastle upon Tyne, commonly known as Newcastle, is a city in Tyne and Wear, North East England, 103 miles (166 km) south of Edinburgh and 277 miles (446 km) north of London on the northern bank of the River Tyne, from the North Sea.

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Newcomen atmospheric engine

The atmospheric engine was invented by Thomas Newcomen in 1712, and is often referred to simply as a Newcomen engine.

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Newton's laws of motion

Newton's laws of motion are three physical laws that, together, laid the foundation for classical mechanics.

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Newtonian telescope

The Newtonian telescope, also called the Newtonian reflector or just the Newtonian, is a type of reflecting telescope invented by the English scientist Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1727), using a concave primary mirror and a flat diagonal secondary mirror.

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Nicholas J. Phillips

Nicholas (Nick) John Phillips (26 September 1933 – 23 May 2009) was an English physicist, notable for the development of photochemical processing techniques for the color hologram.

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Nigel Gresley

Sir Herbert Nigel Gresley (19 June 1876 – 5 April 1941) was one of Britain's most famous steam locomotive engineers, who rose to become Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER).

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Nitrous oxide

Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas or nitrous, is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen with the formula.

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Nobel Foundation

The Nobel Foundation (Nobelstiftelsen) is a private institution founded on 29 June 1900 to manage the finances and administration of the Nobel Prizes.

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Noble gas

The noble gases (historically also the inert gases) make up a group of chemical elements with similar properties; under standard conditions, they are all odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity.

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Norman Lockyer

Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer, KCB FRS (17 May 1836 – 16 August 1920), known simply as Norman Lockyer, was an English scientist and astronomer.

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Northumberland

Northumberland (abbreviated Northd) is a county in North East England.

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Northumbrian smallpipes

The Northumbrian smallpipes (also known as the Northumbrian pipes) are bellows-blown bagpipes from North East England, particularly Northumberland and Tyne and Wear.

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Norwich

Norwich (also) is a city on the River Wensum in East Anglia and lies approximately north-east of London.

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Nuclear fission

In nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, nuclear fission is either a nuclear reaction or a radioactive decay process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts (lighter nuclei).

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Nuclear transfer

Nuclear transfer is a form of cloning.

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Nutrition

Nutrition is the science that interprets the interaction of nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism.

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Oberon (moon)

Oberon, also designated, is the outermost major moon of the planet Uranus.

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Oboe

Oboes are a family of double reed woodwind instruments.

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Octant (instrument)

The octant, also called reflecting quadrant, is a measuring instrument used primarily in navigation.

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Oil refinery

Oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is transformed and refined into more useful products such as petroleum naphtha, gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas, jet fuel and fuel oils.

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Oliver Heaviside

Oliver Heaviside FRS (18 May 1850 – 3 February 1925) was an English self-taught electrical engineer, mathematician, and physicist who adapted complex numbers to the study of electrical circuits, invented mathematical techniques for the solution of differential equations (equivalent to Laplace transforms), reformulated Maxwell's field equations in terms of electric and magnetic forces and energy flux, and independently co-formulated vector analysis.

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Olympic Games

The modern Olympic Games or Olympics (Jeux olympiques) are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions.

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Operating system

An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.

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Optical fiber

An optical fiber or optical fibre is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass (silica) or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair.

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Orthopedic surgery

Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics, also spelled orthopaedic, is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system.

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Osborne 1

The Osborne 1 was the first commercially successful portable microcomputer, released on April 3, 1981, by Osborne Computer Corporation.

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Owen Finlay Maclaren

Owen Finlay Maclaren, MBE (1907 – 13 April 1978) was the inventor of the lightweight baby buggy with a collapsible support assembly and founder of the Maclaren company.

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Oxford

Oxford is a city in the South East region of England and the county town of Oxfordshire.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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OXO

OXO or Noughts and Crosses is a video game developed by A S Douglas in 1952 which simulates a game of noughts and crosses.

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Oxygen

Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.

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Packet switching

Packet switching is a method of grouping data which is transmitted over a digital network into packets which are made of a header and a payload.

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Paging

In computer operating systems, paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory.

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Paisley, Renfrewshire

Paisley (Pàislig, Paisley) is the largest town in the historic county of Renfrewshire in the west central Lowlands of Scotland and serves as the administrative centre for the Renfrewshire council area.

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Palace of Westminster

The Palace of Westminster is the meeting place of the House of Commons and the House of Lords, the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Palmtop PC

A Palmtop PC was an approximately pocket calculator-sized, battery-powered computer compatible with the IBM Personal Computer in a horizontal clamshell design with integrated keyboard and display.

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Paper machine

A paper machine (or paper-making machine) is an industrial machine used in the Pulp and paper industry to create paper in large quantities at high speed.

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Parachute

A parachute is a device used to slow the motion of an object through an atmosphere by creating drag (or in the case of ram-air parachutes, aerodynamic lift).

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Paralympic Games

The Paralympic Games is a major international multi-sport event involving athletes with a range of disabilities, including impaired muscle power (e.g. paraplegia and quadriplegia, muscular dystrophy, post-polio syndrome, spina bifida), impaired passive range of movement, limb deficiency (e.g. amputation or dysmelia), leg length difference, short stature, hypertonia, ataxia, athetosis, vision impairment and intellectual impairment.

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Park

A park is an area of natural, semi-natural or planted space set aside for human enjoyment and recreation or for the protection of wildlife or natural habitats.

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Parkes process

The Parkes process is a pyrometallurgical industrial process for removing silver from lead during the production of bullion.

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Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system.

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Patent

A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state or intergovernmental organization to an inventor or assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for detailed public disclosure of an invention.

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Patrick Bell

Rev Patrick Bell (12 May 1799 – 22 April 1869) was a Church of Scotland minister and inventor.

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Patrick Steptoe

Patrick Christopher Steptoe CBE FRS (9 June 1913, Oxford, England – 21 March 1988, Canterbury) was a British obstetrician and gynaecologist and a pioneer of fertility treatment.

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Paul Baran

Paul Baran (April 29, 1926 – March 26, 2011) was a Polish-born Jewish American engineer who was a pioneer in the development of computer networks.

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Pay toilet

A pay toilet is a public toilet that requires the user to pay.

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PC game

PC games, also known as computer games or personal computer games, are video games played on a personal computer rather than a dedicated video game console or arcade machine.

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Pencil

A pencil is a writing implement or art medium constructed of a narrow, solid pigment core inside a protective casing which prevents the core from being broken and/or from leaving marks on the user’s hand during use.

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Penicillin

Penicillin (PCN or pen) is a group of antibiotics which include penicillin G (intravenous use), penicillin V (use by mouth), procaine penicillin, and benzathine penicillin (intramuscular use).

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Penny Black

The Penny Black was the world's first adhesive postage stamp used in a public postal system.

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Penny-farthing

The penny-farthing, also known as a high wheel, high wheeler and ordinary, was the first machine to be called a "bicycle".

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Percivall Pott

Percivall Pott (6 January 1714 in London – 22 December 1788) was an English surgeon, one of the founders of orthopedics, and the first scientist to demonstrate that a cancer may be caused by an environmental carcinogen.

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Percussion cap

The percussion cap, introduced circa 1820, is a type of single-use ignition device used on muzzleloading firearms that enabled them to fire reliably in any weather conditions.

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Percy Shaw

Percy Shaw, OBE (15 April 1890 – 1 September 1976) was an English inventor and businessman.

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Perfume

Perfume (parfum) is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds, fixatives and solvents, used to give the human body, animals, food, objects, and living-spaces an agreeable scent.

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Periodic table

The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, ordered by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties, whose structure shows periodic trends.

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Periodic trends

Periodic trends are specific patterns that are present in the periodic table that illustrate different aspects of a certain element, including its radius and its electronic properties.

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Perkin reaction

The Perkin reaction is an organic reaction developed by English chemist William Henry Perkin that is used to make cinnamic acids.

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Personal identification number

A personal identification number (PIN, pronounced "pin"; is often spoken out loud "PIN number" by mistake) is a numeric or alpha-numeric password or code used in the process of authenticating or identifying a user to a system and system to a user.

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Peter Dollond

Peter Dollond (24 February 1731 – 2 July 1820 born Kensington, England) was an English maker of optical instruments, the son of John Dollond.

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Peter Durand

Peter Durand was a British merchant who is widely credited with receiving the first patent for the idea of preserving food using tin cans.

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Peter Hardeman Burnett

Peter Hardeman Burnett (November 15, 1807May 17, 1895) was an American politician and the first Governor of California as a state in the U.S., serving from December 20, 1849, to January 9, 1851, and the first to resign from office.

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Peter Higgs

Peter Ware Higgs (born 29 May 1929) is a British theoretical physicist, emeritus professor in the University of Edinburgh,Griggs, Jessica (Summer 2008) Edit the University of Edinburgh Alumni Magazine, p. 17 and Nobel Prize laureate for his work on the mass of subatomic particles.

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Peter Mansfield

Sir Peter Mansfield FRS (9 October 1933 – 8 February 2017) was an English physicist who was awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, shared with Paul Lauterbur, for discoveries concerning Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

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Philae (spacecraft)

Philae is a robotic European Space Agency lander that accompanied the ''Rosetta'' spacecraft until it separated to land on comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, ten years and eight months after departing Earth.

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Philip Howard Colomb

Vice-Admiral Philip Howard Colomb, RN (29 May 1831 – 13 October 1899).

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Photoconductivity

Photoconductivity is an optical and electrical phenomenon in which a material becomes more electrically conductive due to the absorption of electromagnetic radiation such as visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared light, or gamma radiation.

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Pilot ACE

The Pilot ACE (Automatic Computing Engine) was one of the first computers built in the United Kingdom at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in the early 1950s.

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Pion

In particle physics, a pion (or a pi meson, denoted with the Greek letter pi) is any of three subatomic particles:,, and.

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Pipeline (computing)

In computing, a pipeline, also known as a data pipeline, is a set of data processing elements connected in series, where the output of one element is the input of the next one.

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Piston ring

A piston ring is a split ring that fits into a groove on the outer diameter of a piston in a reciprocating engine such as an internal combustion engine or steam engine.

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Pitman shorthand

Pitman shorthand is a system of shorthand for the English language developed by Englishman Sir Isaac Pitman (1813–1897), who first presented it in 1837.

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Planetarium

A planetarium (plural planetaria or planetariums) is a theatre built primarily for presenting educational and entertaining shows about astronomy and the night sky, or for training in celestial navigation.

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Plasma (physics)

Plasma (Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek English Lexicon, on Perseus) is one of the four fundamental states of matter, and was first described by chemist Irving Langmuir in the 1920s.

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Plastic

Plastic is material consisting of any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic compounds that are malleable and so can be molded into solid objects.

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Plastic bullet

A plastic bullet or plastic baton round (PBR) is a less-lethal projectile fired from a specialised gun.

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Plasticine

Plasticine, a brand of modelling clay, is a putty-like modelling material made from calcium salts, petroleum jelly and aliphatic acids.

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Platinum

Platinum is a chemical element with symbol Pt and atomic number 78.

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Playfair cipher

The Playfair cipher or Playfair square or Wheatstone-Playfair cipher is a manual symmetric encryption technique and was the first literal digram substitution cipher.

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Plough

A plough (UK) or plow (US; both) is a tool or farm implement used in farming for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting to loosen or turn the soil.

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Pocket watch

A pocket watch (or pocketwatch) is a watch that is made to be carried in a pocket, as opposed to a wristwatch, which is strapped to the wrist.

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Polo

Polo is a team sport played on horseback.

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Poly(methyl methacrylate)

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), also known as acrylic or acrylic glass as well as by the trade names Crylux, Plexiglas, Acrylite, Lucite, and Perspex among several others (see below), is a transparent thermoplastic often used in sheet form as a lightweight or shatter-resistant alternative to glass.

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Polymer

A polymer (Greek poly-, "many" + -mer, "part") is a large molecule, or macromolecule, composed of many repeated subunits.

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Polynomial

In mathematics, a polynomial is an expression consisting of variables (also called indeterminates) and coefficients, that involves only the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and non-negative integer exponents of variables.

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Portland cement

Portland cement is the most common type of cement in general use around the world as a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar, stucco, and non-specialty grout.

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Postage stamp

A postage stamp is a small piece of paper that is purchased and displayed on an item of mail as evidence of payment of postage.

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Postcard

A postcard or post card is a rectangular piece of thick paper or thin cardboard intended for writing and mailing without an envelope.

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Postmark

USS ''Texas'' A postmark is a postal marking made on a letter, package, postcard or the like indicating the date and time that the item was delivered into the care of the postal service.

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Potassium

Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number 19.

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Poverty

Poverty is the scarcity or the lack of a certain (variant) amount of material possessions or money.

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Power loom

A power loom is a mechanized loom, and was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution.

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Prime meridian

A prime meridian is a meridian (a line of longitude) in a geographic coordinate system at which longitude is defined to be 0°.

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Programmer

A programmer, developer, dev, coder, or software engineer is a person who creates computer software.

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Propeller

A propeller is a type of fan that transmits power by converting rotational motion into thrust.

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Proton

| magnetic_moment.

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Proxima Centauri

Proxima Centauri, or Alpha Centauri C, is a red dwarf, a small low-mass star, about from the Sun in the constellation of Centaurus.

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Psion (company)

Psion was a designer and manufacturer of mobile handheld computers for commercial and industrial applications.

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Psion Organiser

The Psion Organiser was the brand name of a range of pocket computers developed by the British company Psion in the 1980s.

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Puckle gun

The Puckle gun (also known as the Defence gun) was a primitive crew-served, manually-operated flintlock revolver patented in 1718 by James Puckle (1667–1724) a British inventor, lawyer and writer.

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Puffing Billy (locomotive)

Puffing Billy is the world's oldest surviving steam locomotive,.

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Pulsar

A pulsar (from pulse and -ar as in quasar) is a highly magnetized rotating neutron star or white dwarf that emits a beam of electromagnetic radiation.

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Pykrete

Pykrete is a frozen composite material, originally made of approximately 14 percent sawdust or some other form of wood pulp (such as paper) and 86 percent ice by weight (6 to 1 by weight).

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Quakers

Quakers (or Friends) are members of a historically Christian group of religious movements formally known as the Religious Society of Friends or Friends Church.

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Quantum gravity

Quantum gravity (QG) is a field of theoretical physics that seeks to describe gravity according to the principles of quantum mechanics, and where quantum effects cannot be ignored, such as near compact astrophysical objects where the effects of gravity are strong.

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Radar

Radar is an object-detection system that uses radio waves to determine the range, angle, or velocity of objects.

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Radio

Radio is the technology of using radio waves to carry information, such as sound, by systematically modulating properties of electromagnetic energy waves transmitted through space, such as their amplitude, frequency, phase, or pulse width.

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Radio astronomy

Radio astronomy is a subfield of astronomy that studies celestial objects at radio frequencies.

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Radio wave

Radio waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum longer than infrared light.

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Rail transport

Rail transport is a means of transferring of passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, also known as tracks.

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Random-access memory

Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of computer data storage that stores data and machine code currently being used.

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Rapid transit

Rapid transit or mass rapid transit, also known as heavy rail, metro, MRT, subway, tube, U-Bahn or underground, is a type of high-capacity public transport generally found in urban areas.

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Raspberry Pi

The Raspberry Pi is a series of small single-board computers developed in the United Kingdom by the Raspberry Pi Foundation to promote the teaching of basic computer science in schools and in developing countries.

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Rayleigh scattering

Rayleigh scattering (pronounced), named after the British physicist Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt), is the (dominantly) elastic scattering of light or other electromagnetic radiation by particles much smaller than the wavelength of the radiation.

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Read-only memory

Read-only memory (ROM) is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices.

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Reaper

A reaper is a farm implement or person that reaps (cuts and often also gathers) crops at harvest when they are ripe.

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Refrigerator

A refrigerator (colloquially fridge, or fridgefreezer in the UK) is a popular household appliance that consists of a thermally insulated compartment and a heat pump (mechanical, electronic or chemical) that transfers heat from the inside of the fridge to its external environment so that the inside of the fridge is cooled to a temperature below the ambient temperature of the room.

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Resurgam

Resurgam (Latin: "I shall rise again") is the name given to two early Victorian submarines designed and built in Britain by Reverend George Garrett as a weapon to penetrate the chain netting placed around ship hulls to defend against attack by torpedo vessels.

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Rex Paterson

Rex Munro Paterson OBE (1902 in London – 1978 in Hampshire) was an English agricultural pioneer whose extensive business and meticulous record keeping enabled him to carry out research and development in dairy farming systems on a scale that would have been beyond most research institutions.

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Richard Arkwright

Sir Richard Arkwright (23 December 1732 – 3 August 1792) was an English inventor and a leading entrepreneur during the early Industrial Revolution.

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Richard Hall Gower

Captain Richard Hall Gower (1768–1833) was an English mariner, empirical philosopher, nautical inventor, entrepreneur, and humanitarian.

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Richard J. Roberts

Sir Richard John Roberts (born 6 September 1943) is an English biochemist and molecular biologist.

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Richard Laurence Millington Synge

Richard Laurence Millington Synge FRS (Liverpool, 28 October 1914 – Norwich, 18 August 1994) was a British biochemist, and shared the 1952 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the invention of partition chromatography with Archer Martin.

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Richard Leach Maddox

Richard Leach Maddox (4 August 1816 – 11 May 1902) was an English photographer and physician who invented lightweight gelatin negative plates for photography in 1871.

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Richard Lovell Edgeworth

Richard Lovell Edgeworth (31 May 1744 – 13 June 1817) was an Anglo-Irish politician, writer and inventor.

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Richard Trevithick

Richard Trevithick (13 April 1771 – 22 April 1833) was a British inventor and mining engineer from Cornwall, England.

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River Thames

The River Thames is a river that flows through southern England, most notably through London.

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Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell

Lieutenant-General Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell, (22 February 1857 – 8 January 1941) was a British Army officer, writer, author of Scouting for Boys which was an inspiration for the Scout Movement, founder and first Chief Scout of The Boy Scouts Association and founder of the Girl Guides.

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Robert Bakewell (agriculturalist)

Robert Bakewell (23 May 1725 – 1 October 1795) was a British agriculturalist, now recognized as one of the most important figures in the British Agricultural Revolution.

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Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)

Robert Brown FRSE FRS FLS MWS (21 December 1773 – 10 June 1858) was a Scottish botanist and palaeobotanist who made important contributions to botany largely through his pioneering use of the microscope.

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Robert Cocking

Robert Cocking (1776 – 24 July 1837) was a British watercolour artist who died in the first parachute accident.

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Robert Edwards (physiologist)

Sir Robert Geoffrey Edwards, (27 September 1925 – 10 April 2013) was an English physiologist and pioneer in reproductive medicine, and in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) in particular.

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Robert Forester Mushet

Robert Forester Mushet (8 April 1811 – 29 January 1891) was a British metallurgist and businessman, born on 8 April 1811, in Coleford, in the Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire, England.

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Robert Grosseteste

Robert Grosseteste (Robertus Grosseteste; – 9 October 1253) was an English statesman, scholastic philosopher, theologian, scientist and Bishop of Lincoln.

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Robert Hooke

Robert Hooke FRS (– 3 March 1703) was an English natural philosopher, architect and polymath.

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Robert Hope-Jones

Robert Hope-Jones (9 February 1859 – 13 September 1914) was an English musician, who is considered to be the inventor of the theatre organ in the early 20th century.

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Robert Recorde

Robert Recorde (c.1512–1558) was a Welsh physician and mathematician.

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Robert Salmon (inventor)

Robert Salmon (1763 – 6 October 1821), was an architect and inventor of agricultural implements.

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Robert Stephenson

Robert Stephenson FRS (16 October 1803 – 12 October 1859) was an early railway and civil engineer.

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Robert Stirling

The Reverend Dr Robert Stirling (25 October 1790 – 6 June 1878) was a Scottish clergyman, and inventor of the Stirling engine.

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Robert T. A. Innes

Robert Thorburn Ayton Innes FRSE FRAS (10 November 1861 – 13 March 1933) was a Scottish astronomer best known for discovering Proxima Centauri in 1915, and numerous binary stars.

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Robert Watson-Watt

Sir Robert Alexander Watson-Watt, KCB, FRS, FRAeS (13 April 1892 – 5 December 1973) was a Scottish pioneer of radio direction finding and radar technology.

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Robert Whitehead

Robert Whitehead (3 January 1823 – 14 November 1905) was an English engineer, most famous for developing the first effective self-propelled naval torpedo.

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Robert William Boyle

Robert William Boyle (October 2, 1883 – April 18, 1955) was a physicist and one of the most important early pioneers in the development of sonar.

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Robert William Thomson

Robert William Thomson (baptised 26 July 1822 – 8 March 1873), from Stonehaven, Scotland, was the original inventor of the pneumatic tyre.

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Rocket

A rocket (from Italian rocchetto "bobbin") is a missile, spacecraft, aircraft or other vehicle that obtains thrust from a rocket engine.

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Roger Altounyan

Roger Edward Collingwood Altounyan (1922–1987) was an Anglo-Armenian physician and pharmacologist who pioneered the use of sodium cromoglycate as a remedy for asthma.

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Roger Bacon

Roger Bacon (Rogerus or Rogerius Baconus, Baconis, also Rogerus), also known by the scholastic accolade Doctor, was an English philosopher and Franciscan friar who placed considerable emphasis on the study of nature through empiricism.

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Roller printing on textiles

Roller printing, also called cylinder printing or machine printing, on fabrics is a textile printing process patented by Thomas Bell of Scotland in 1783 in an attempt to reduce the cost of the earlier copperplate printing.

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Ronald Ross

Sir Ronald Ross (13 May 1857 – 16 September 1932), was a British medical doctor who received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1902 for his work on the transmission of malaria, becoming the first British Nobel laureate, and the first born outside Europe.

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Rosetta (spacecraft)

Rosetta was a space probe built by the European Space Agency launched on 2 March 2004.

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Roslin Institute

The Roslin Institute is an animal sciences research institute at Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, part of the University of Edinburgh, and is funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council.

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Roundabout

A roundabout, also called a traffic circle, road circle, rotary, rotunda or island, is a type of circular intersection or junction in which road traffic flows almost continuously in one direction around a central island.

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Rounders

Rounders (cluiche corr) is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams.

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Rowland Hill

Sir Rowland Hill, KCB, FRS (3 December 1795 – 27 August 1879) was an English teacher, inventor and social reformer.

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Royal Air Force

The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's aerial warfare force.

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Royal Aircraft Establishment

The Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) was a British research establishment, known by several different names during its history, that eventually came under the aegis of the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD), before finally losing its identity in mergers with other institutions.

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Royal Astronomical Society

The Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) is a learned society that began as the Astronomical Society of London in 1820 to support astronomical research (mainly carried on at the time by 'gentleman astronomers' rather than professionals).

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Royal National Lifeboat Institution

The Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) is the largest charity that saves lives at sea around the coasts of the UK, the Republic of Ireland, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man as well as on some inland waterways.

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Royal Oldham Hospital

The Royal Oldham Hospital is a NHS hospital in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England.

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Royal Radar Establishment

The Royal Radar Establishment is a research center in Malvern, Worcestershire in the United Kingdom.

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Royal Society

The President, Council and Fellows of the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, commonly known as the Royal Society, is a learned society.

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Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals

The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) is a charity operating in England and Wales that promotes animal welfare.

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Royal Society for the Protection of Birds

The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) is a charitable organisation registered in England and Wales and in Scotland.

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RSA (cryptosystem)

RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman) is one of the first public-key cryptosystems and is widely used for secure data transmission.

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Rubber band

A rubber band (also known as an elastic band or gum band) is a loop of rubber, usually ring shaped, and commonly used to hold multiple objects together.

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Rubber bullet

Rubber bullets (also called rubber baton rounds) are rubber or rubber-coated projectiles that can be fired from either standard firearms or dedicated riot guns.

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Rugby football

Rugby football refers to the team sports rugby league and rugby union.

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Rugged computer

A rugged (or ruggedized, but also ruggedised) computer is a computer specifically designed to operate reliably in harsh usage environments and conditions, such as strong vibrations, extreme temperatures and wet or dusty conditions.

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Russell Hobbs

Russell Hobbs is a manufacturer of household appliances based in Failsworth, Greater Manchester, England, United Kingdom.

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Russell Square

Russell Square is a large garden square in Bloomsbury, in the London Borough of Camden, built predominantly by James Burton.

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SABRE (rocket engine)

SABRE (Synergistic Air-Breathing Rocket Engine) is a concept under development by Reaction Engines Limited for a hypersonic precooled hybrid air-breathing rocket engine.

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Safety bicycle

A safety bicycle (or simply a safety) is a type of bicycle that became very popular beginning in the late 1880s as an alternative to the penny-farthing ("ordinary") and is now the most common type of bicycle.

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Safety valve

A safety valve is a valve that acts as a fail-safe.

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Salamanca (locomotive)

Salamanca was the first commercially successful steam locomotive, built in 1812 by Matthew Murray of Holbeck, for the edge railed Middleton Railway between Middleton and Leeds.

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Sampson Mordan

Sampson Mordan (1790 – 9 April 1843) was a British silversmith and a co-inventor of the first patented mechanical pencil.

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Samuel Brown (engineer)

Samuel Brown (died september 16,1849) was an English engineer and inventor credited with developing one of the earliest examples of an internal combustion engine, during the early 19th century.

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Samuel Crompton

Samuel Crompton (3 December 1753 – 26 June 1827) was an English inventor and pioneer of the spinning industry.

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Samuel Fox (industrialist)

Samuel Fox (17 June 1815 – 25 February 1887) was a British industrialist and businessman noted for developing the Paragon umbrella frame, and the founder of a steelworks in Stocksbridge.

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Samuel Hunter Christie

Samuel Hunter Christie FRS (22 March 1784 – 24 January 1865) was a British scientist, physicist and mathematician.

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Samuel Plimsoll

Samuel Plimsoll (10 February 1824 – 3 June 1898) was an English politician and social reformer, now best remembered for having devised the Plimsoll line (a line on a ship's hull indicating the maximum safe draft, and therefore the minimum freeboard for the vessel in various operating conditions).

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Sandford Fleming

Sir Sandford Fleming (January 7, 1827 – July 22, 1915) was a Scottish Canadian engineer and inventor.

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Sandy Douglas

Alexander Shafto "Sandy" Douglas CBE (21 May 1921 – 29 April 2010) was a British professor of computer science, credited with creating the first graphical computer game OXO (also known as Noughts and Crosses) a tic-tac-toe computer game in 1952 on the EDSAC computer at University of Cambridge.

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Sanitary sewer

A sanitary sewer or "foul sewer" is an underground carriage system specifically for transporting sewage from houses and commercial buildings through pipes to treatment facilities or disposal.

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Sans Pareil

Sans Pareil is a steam locomotive built by Timothy Hackworth which took part in the 1829 Rainhill Trials on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, held to select a builder of locomotives.

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Science and technology in the United Kingdom

Science and technology in the United Kingdom has a long history, producing many important figures and developments in the field.

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Scientific method

Scientific method is an empirical method of knowledge acquisition, which has characterized the development of natural science since at least the 17th century, involving careful observation, which includes rigorous skepticism about what one observes, given that cognitive assumptions about how the world works influence how one interprets a percept; formulating hypotheses, via induction, based on such observations; experimental testing and measurement of deductions drawn from the hypotheses; and refinement (or elimination) of the hypotheses based on the experimental findings.

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Scientific Revolution

The Scientific Revolution was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy) and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature.

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Scottish inventions and discoveries

Scottish inventions and discoveries are objects, processes or techniques either partially or entirely invented, innovated or discovered by a person born in or descended from Scotland.

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Scouting

Scouting or the Scout Movement is a movement that aims to support young people in their physical, mental and spiritual development, that they may play constructive roles in society, with a strong focus on the outdoors and survival skills.

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Screw thread

A screw thread, often shortened to thread, is a helical structure used to convert between rotational and linear movement or force.

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Screw-cutting lathe

A screw-cutting lathe is a machine (specifically, a lathe) capable of cutting very accurate screw threads via single-point screw-cutting, which is the process of guiding the linear motion of the tool bit in a precisely known ratio to the rotating motion of the workpiece.

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Seat belt

A seat belt (also known as a seatbelt or safety belt) is a vehicle safety device designed to secure the occupant of a vehicle against harmful movement that may result during a collision or a sudden stop.

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Seed drill

A seed drill is a device that sows the seeds for crops by metering out the individual seeds, positioning them in the soil, and covering them to a certain average depth.

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Seismometer

A seismometer is an instrument that measures motion of the ground, caused by, for example, an earthquake, a volcanic eruption, or the use of explosives.

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Selective breeding

Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together.

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Selenium

Selenium is a chemical element with symbol Se and atomic number 34.

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Sewing machine

A sewing machine is a machine used to stitch fabric and other materials together with thread.

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Sextant

A sextant is a doubly reflecting navigation instrument that measures the angular distance between two visible objects.

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Sheffield F.C.

Sheffield Football Club is an English football club from Sheffield, South Yorkshire, although now based in Dronfield, Derbyshire.

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Sheffield plate

Sheffield plate is a layered combination of silver and copper that was used for many years to produce a wide range of household articles.

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Shorthand

Shorthand is an abbreviated symbolic writing method that increases speed and brevity of writing as compared to longhand, a more common method of writing a language.

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Shrapnel shell

Shrapnel shells were anti-personnel artillery munitions which carried a large number of individual bullets close to the target and then ejected them to allow them to continue along the shell's trajectory and strike the target individually.

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Sildenafil

Sildenafil, sold as the brand name Viagra among others, is a medication used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension.

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Silicone

Silicones, also known as polysiloxanes, are polymers that include any inert, synthetic compound made up of repeating units of siloxane, which is a chain of alternating silicon atoms and oxygen atoms, combined with carbon, hydrogen, and sometimes other elements.

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Sinclair C5

The Sinclair C5 is a small one-person battery electric velomobile, technically an "electrically assisted pedal cycle".

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Sinclair Executive

The Sinclair Executive was the world's first "slimline" pocket calculator, and the first to be produced by Clive Sinclair's company Sinclair Radionics.

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Sine

In mathematics, the sine is a trigonometric function of an angle.

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Sir Peter Halkett, 6th Baronet

Admiral Sir Peter Halkett, 6th Baronet (c. 1765 – 7 October 1839) was a senior Royal Navy officer of the early nineteenth century who is best known for his service in the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Sir William Congreve, 2nd Baronet

Sir William Congreve, 2nd Baronet KCH FRS (20 May 1772 – 16 May 1828) was an English inventor and rocket artillery pioneer distinguished for his development and deployment of Congreve rockets, and a Tory Member of Parliament (MP).

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Slide rule

The slide rule, also known colloquially in the United States as a slipstick, is a mechanical analog computer.

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Smallpox vaccine

Smallpox vaccine, the first successful vaccine to be developed, was introduced by Edward Jenner in 1796.

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SMS

SMS (short message service) is a text messaging service component of most telephone, internet, and mobile-device systems.

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Sniper rifle

A sniper rifle is a high-precision rifle designed for sniper missions.

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Snooker

Snooker is a cue sport which originated among British Army officers stationed in India in the latter half of the 19th century.

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Sodium

Sodium is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.

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Soft drink

A soft drink (see terminology for other names) typically contains carbonated water (although some lemonades are not carbonated), a sweetener, and a natural or artificial flavoring.

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Solar cell

A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon.

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Solar panel

Photovoltaic solar panels absorb sunlight as a source of energy to generate electricity.

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Sonar

Sonar (originally an acronym for SOund Navigation And Ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigate, communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of the water, such as other vessels.

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Sorbonne

The Sorbonne is an edifice of the Latin Quarter, in Paris, France, which was the historical house of the former University of Paris.

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Special Air Service

The Special Air Service (SAS) is a special forces unit of the British Army.

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Special forces

Special forces and special operations forces are military units trained to conduct special operations.

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Spinning frame

The spinning frame is an Industrial Revolution invention for spinning thread or yarn from fibres such as wool or cotton in a mechanised way.

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Spinning jenny

The spinning jenny is a multi-spindle spinning frame, and was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution.

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Spinning mule

The spinning mule is a machine used to spin cotton and other fibres.

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Spiral galaxy

Spiral galaxies form a class of galaxy originally described by Edwin Hubble in his 1936 work The Realm of the Nebulae(pp. 124–151) and, as such, form part of the Hubble sequence.

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Spirograph

Spirograph is a geometric drawing toy that produces mathematical roulette curves of the variety technically known as hypotrochoids and epitrochoids.

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Spooling

In computing, spooling is a specialized form of multi-programming for the purpose of copying data between different devices.

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SS Great Britain

SS Great Britain is a museum ship and former passenger steamship, which was advanced for her time.

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Stainless steel

In metallurgy, stainless steel, also known as inox steel or inox from French inoxydable (inoxidizable), is a steel alloy with a minimum of 10.5% chromium content by mass.

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Stamp collecting

Stamp collecting is the collecting of postage stamps and related objects.

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Standard deviation

In statistics, the standard deviation (SD, also represented by the Greek letter sigma σ or the Latin letter s) is a measure that is used to quantify the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of data values.

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Standard Motor Company

The Standard Motor Company Limited was a motor vehicle manufacturer, founded in Coventry, England, in 1903 by Reginald Walter Maudslay.

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Statistical parametric mapping

Statistical parametric mapping or SPM is a statistical technique created by Karl Friston for examining differences in brain activity recorded during functional neuroimaging experiments using neuroimaging technologies such as fMRI or PET.

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Steam engine

A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid.

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Steam locomotive

A steam locomotive is a type of railway locomotive that produces its pulling power through a steam engine.

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Steam turbine

A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft.

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Steamship

A steamship, often referred to as a steamer, is a type of steam powered vessel, typically ocean-faring and seaworthy, that is propelled by one or more steam engines that typically drive (turn) propellers or paddlewheels.

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Steganography

Steganography is the practice of concealing a file, message, image, or video within another file, message, image, or video.

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Stem cell

Stem cells are biological cells that can differentiate into other types of cells and can divide to produce more of the same type of stem cells.

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Stephen Hales

Stephen Hales (17 September 16774 January 1761), was an English clergyman who made major contributions to a range of scientific fields including botany, pneumatic chemistry and physiology.

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Stephen Hawking

Stephen William Hawking (8 January 1942 – 14 March 2018) was an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author, who was director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge at the time of his death.

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Stephen Perry (inventor)

Stephen Perry was a 19th-century British inventor and businessman.

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Stephen Wolfram

Stephen Wolfram (born August 29, 1959) is a British-American computer scientist, physicist, and businessman.

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Stephenson's Rocket

Stephenson's Rocket was an early steam locomotive of 0-2-2 wheel arrangement.

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Stereophonic sound

Stereophonic sound or, more commonly, stereo, is a method of sound reproduction that creates an illusion of multi-directional audible perspective.

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Stereoscope

A stereoscope is a device for viewing a stereoscopic pair of separate images, depicting left-eye and right-eye views of the same scene, as a single three-dimensional image.

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Stereotype (printing)

In printing, a stereotype, also known as a cliché, stereoplate or simply a stereo, was originally a "solid plate of type metal, cast from a papier-mâché or plaster mould (called a flong) taken from the surface of a forme of type" used for printing instead of the original.

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Stirling engine

A Stirling engine is a heat engine that operates by cyclic compression and expansion of air or other gas (the working fluid) at different temperatures, such that there is a net conversion of heat energy to mechanical work.

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Stocking frame

A stocking frame was a mechanical knitting machine used in the textiles industry.

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Stockport

Stockport is a large town in Greater Manchester, England, south-east of Manchester city centre, where the River Goyt and Tame merge to create the River Mersey.

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Stockton and Darlington Railway

The Stockton and Darlington Railway (S&DR) was a railway company that operated in north-east England from 1825 to 1863.

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Stoolball

Stoolball is a sport that dates back to at least the 15th century, originating in Sussex, southern England.

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Stored-program computer

A stored-program computer is a computer that stores program instructions in electronic memory.

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Stourbridge Lion

The Stourbridge Lion was a railroad steam locomotive.

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Stun grenade

A stun grenade, also known as a flash grenade, flashbang, thunderflash or sound bomb, is a non-lethal explosive device used to temporarily disorient an enemy's senses.

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Submarine

A submarine (or simply sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater.

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Sumlock ANITA calculator

The ANITA Mark VII and ANITA Mark VIII calculators were launched simultaneously in late 1961 as the world's first all-electronic desktop calculators.

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SUMPAC

The Southampton University Man Powered Aircraft (or SUMPAC) on 9 November 1961 became the first human-powered aircraft to make an officially authenticated take-off and flight.

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Sun

The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.

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Sunglasses

Sunglasses or sun glasses (informally called shades) are a form of protective eyewear designed primarily to prevent bright sunlight and high-energy visible light from damaging or discomforting the eyes.

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Sunspot

Sunspots are temporary phenomena on the Sun's photosphere that appear as spots darker than the surrounding areas.

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Supercharger

A supercharger is an air compressor that increases the pressure or density of air supplied to an internal combustion engine.

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Supercomputer

A supercomputer is a computer with a high level of performance compared to a general-purpose computer.

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Supercruise

Supercruise is sustained supersonic flight of a supersonic aircraft with a useful cargo, passenger, or weapons load performed efficiently, which typically precludes the use of highly inefficient afterburners or "reheat".

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Supersonic transport

A supersonic transport (SST) is a civilian supersonic aircraft designed to transport passengers at speeds greater than the speed of sound.

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Surface wave

In physics, a surface wave is a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media.

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Surgery

Surgery (from the χειρουργική cheirourgikē (composed of χείρ, "hand", and ἔργον, "work"), via chirurgiae, meaning "hand work") is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate or treat a pathological condition such as a disease or injury, to help improve bodily function or appearance or to repair unwanted ruptured areas.

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Sydney Camm

Sir Sydney Camm, CBE, FRAeS (5 August 189312 March 1966) was an English aeronautical engineer who contributed to many Hawker aircraft designs, from the biplanes of the 1920s to jet fighters.

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Table tennis

Table tennis, also known as ping-pong, is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight ball back and forth across a table using small bats.

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Tank

A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle designed for front-line combat, with heavy firepower, strong armour, tracks and a powerful engine providing good battlefield maneuverability.

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Tarmacadam

Tarmacadam is a road surfacing material made by combining macadam surfaces, tar, and sand, patented by English inventor Edgar Purnell Hooley in 1902.

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Team Lotus

Team Lotus was the motorsport sister company of English sports car manufacturer Lotus Cars.

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Teasmade

A teasmade is a machine for making tea automatically.

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Telecommunication

Telecommunication is the transmission of signs, signals, messages, words, writings, images and sounds or information of any nature by wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic systems.

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Telephone

A telephone, or phone, is a telecommunications device that permits two or more users to conduct a conversation when they are too far apart to be heard directly.

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Teleprinter

A teleprinter (teletypewriter, Teletype or TTY) is an electromechanical typewriter that can be used to send and receive typed messages through various communications channels, in both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint configurations.

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Telescope

A telescope is an optical instrument that aids in the observation of remote objects by collecting electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light).

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Teletext

Teletext (or broadcast teletext) is a television information retrieval service created in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s by the Philips Lead Designer for VDUs, John Adams.

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Television

Television (TV) is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome (black and white), or in colour, and in two or three dimensions and sound.

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Temperature

Temperature is a physical quantity expressing hot and cold.

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Tennis

Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles).

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Thallium

Thallium is a chemical element with symbol Tl and atomic number 81.

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The Boat Race

The Boat Race is an annual rowing race between the Oxford University Boat Club and the Cambridge University Boat Club, rowed between men's and women's open-weight eights on the River Thames in London, England.

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The Code Book

The Code Book: The Science of Secrecy from Ancient Egypt to Quantum Cryptography is a book by Simon Singh, published in New York in 1999 by Doubleday.

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The Football Association

The Football Association (FA) is the governing body of association football in England, the Crown dependencies of Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.

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The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money

The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money of 1936 is the last and most important book by the English economist John Maynard Keynes.

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The Great Exhibition

The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations or The Great Exhibition, sometimes referred to as the Crystal Palace Exhibition in reference to the temporary structure in which it was held, was an international exhibition that took place in Hyde Park, London, from 1 May to 15 October 1851.

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The Iron Bridge

The Iron Bridge is a bridge that crosses the River Severn in Shropshire, England.

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The Salvation Army

The Salvation Army is a Protestant Christian church and an international charitable organisation structured in a quasi-military fashion.

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The Troubles

The Troubles (Na Trioblóidí) was an ethno-nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland during the late 20th century.

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The Wealth of Nations

An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, generally referred to by its shortened title The Wealth of Nations, is the magnum opus of the Scottish economist and moral philosopher Adam Smith.

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Theatre organ

A theatre organ (also known as a theater organ, or a cinema organ) is a distinct type of pipe organ originally developed to provide music and sound effects to accompany silent films during the first 3 decades of the 20th century.

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Thermosiphon

Thermosiphon (or thermosyphon) is a method of passive heat exchange, based on natural convection, which circulates a fluid without the necessity of a mechanical pump.

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Thomas Boulsover

Thomas Boulsover (1705 – 9 September 1788), was a Sheffield cutler who is best remembered as the inventor of Sheffield Plate.

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Thomas Edmondson

Thomas Edmondson (30 June 1792 in Lancaster, England – 22 June 1851 in Manchester, England) is the inventor of the Edmondson railway ticket.

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Thomas Fowler (inventor)

Thomas Fowler (born 1777 in Great Torrington, Devon, England – died 31 March 1843) was an English inventor whose most notable invention was the thermosiphon which formed the basis of early hot water central heating systems.

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Thomas Godfrey (inventor)

Thomas Godfrey (December 1704 – December 1749) was an optician and inventor in the American colonies, who around 1730 invented the octant.

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Thomas Graham (chemist)

Thomas Graham (20 December 1805 – 16 September 1869) was a British chemist who is best-remembered today for his pioneering work in dialysis and the diffusion of gases.

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Thomas Hancock (inventor)

Thomas Hancock (8 May 1786 – 26 March 1865), elder brother of inventor Walter Hancock, was an English self-taught manufacturing engineer who founded the British rubber industry.

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Thomas Harriot

Thomas Harriot (Oxford, c. 1560 – London, 2 July 1621), also spelled Harriott, Hariot or Heriot, was an English astronomer, mathematician, ethnographer and translator who made advances within the scientific field.

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Thomas Henry Huxley

Thomas Henry Huxley (4 May 1825 – 29 June 1895) was an English biologist specialising in comparative anatomy.

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Thomas Humber

Thomas Humber (1841–1910) was a British engineer and cycle manufacturer who developed and patented a safety bicycle (1884) with a diamond-shaped frame and wheels of similar size.

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Thomas McCall

Thomas McCall (1834–1904) was a Scottish cartwright.

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Thomas Mudge (horologist)

Thomas Mudge (1715 – 14 November 1794, London) was an English horologist who invented the lever escapement, the greatest single improvement ever applied to pocket watches.

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Thomas Newcomen

Thomas Newcomen (February 1664 – 5 August 1729) was an English inventor who created the first practical steam engine in 1712, the Newcomen atmospheric engine.

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Thomas Robert Malthus

Thomas Robert Malthus (13 February 1766 – 23 December 1834) was an English cleric and scholar, influential in the fields of political economy and demography.

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Thomas Savery

Thomas Savery (c. 1650 – 1715) was an English inventor and engineer, born at Shilstone, a manor house near Modbury, Devon, England.

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Thomas Wedgwood (photographer)

Thomas Wedgwood (14 May 1771 – 10 July 1805), son of Josiah Wedgwood, the potter, is most widely known as an early experimenter in the field of photography.

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Thorneycroft carbine

The Thorneycroft carbine was one of the earliest bullpup rifles, developed by an English gunsmith in 1901 as patent No.

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Thoroughbred

The Thoroughbred is a horse breed best known for its use in horse racing.

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Three Choirs Festival

Worcester cathedral Gloucester cathedral The Three Choirs Festival is a music festival held annually at the end of July, rotating among the cathedrals of the Three Counties (Hereford, Gloucester and Worcester) and originally featuring their three choirs, which remain central to the week-long programme.

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Threshing machine

A threshing machine or thresher is a piece of farm equipment that threshes grain, that is, it removes the seeds from the stalks and husks.

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Thrust

Thrust is a reaction force described quantitatively by Newton's third law.

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Thrust vectoring

Thrust vectoring, also thrust vector control or TVC, is the ability of an aircraft, rocket, or other vehicle to manipulate the direction of the thrust from its engine(s) or motor(s) in order to control the attitude or angular velocity of the vehicle.

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ThrustSSC

ThrustSSC, Thrust SSC or Thrust supersonic car, is a British jet-propelled car developed by Richard Noble, Glynne Bowsher, Ron Ayers, Jeremy Bliss, Reece Liebenberg and Joshua Hambury.

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Tilting train

A tilting train is a train that has a mechanism enabling increased speed on regular rail tracks.

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Tim Berners-Lee

Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee (born 8 June 1955), also known as TimBL, is an English engineer and computer scientist, best known as the inventor of the World Wide Web.

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Timeline of Irish inventions and discoveries

Irish inventions and discoveries are objects, processes or techniques which owe their existence either partially or entirely to an Irish person.

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Timothie Bright

Timothie Bright, M.D. (1551?-1615) was an Early Modern British physician and clergyman, the inventor of modern shorthand.

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Timothy Hackworth

Timothy Hackworth (22 December 1786 – 7 July 1850) was a steam locomotive engineer who lived in Shildon, County Durham, England and was the first locomotive superintendent of the Stockton and Darlington Railway.

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Tin can

A tin can, tin (especially in British English, Australian English and Canadian English), steel can, steel packaging or a can, is a container for the distribution or storage of goods, composed of thin metal.

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Tin can telephone

A tin can telephone is a type of acoustic (non-electrical) speech-transmitting device made up of two tin cans, paper cups or similarly shaped items attached to either end of a taut string or wire.

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Tire

A tire (American English) or tyre (British English; see spelling differences) is a ring-shaped component that surrounds a wheel's rim to transfer a vehicle's load from the axle through the wheel to the ground and to provide traction on the surface traveled over.

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Titania (moon)

No description.

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Toaster

A toaster, or a toast maker, is an electric small appliance designed to toast sliced bread by exposing it to radiant heat, thus converting it into toast.

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Tom Kilburn

Tom Kilburn (11 August 1921 – 17 January 2001) was an English mathematician and computer scientist.

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Toothbrush

The toothbrush is an oral hygiene instrument used to clean the teeth, gums, and tongue.

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Torpedo

A modern torpedo is a self-propelled weapon with an explosive warhead, launched above or below the water surface, propelled underwater towards a target, and designed to detonate either on contact with its target or in proximity to it.

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Torsion spring

A torsion spring is a spring that works by torsion or twisting; that is, a flexible elastic object that stores mechanical energy when it is twisted.

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Tote board

A tote board is a large numeric or alphanumeric display used to convey information, typically at a race track (to display the odds or payoffs for each horse) or at a telethon (to display the total amount donated to the charitable organization sponsoring the event).

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Touchpad

A touchpad or trackpad is a pointing device featuring a tactile sensor, a specialized surface that can translate the motion and position of a user's fingers to a relative position on the operating system that is made output to the screen.

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Track pan

A track pan (American terminology) or water trough (British terminology) is a device to enable a steam railway locomotive to replenish its water supply while in motion.

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Trackball

A trackball is a pointing device consisting of a ball held by a socket containing sensors to detect a rotation of the ball about two axes—like an upside-down mouse with an exposed protruding ball.

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Tractor

A tractor is an engineering vehicle specifically designed to deliver at a high tractive effort (or torque) at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery used in agriculture or construction.

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Traffic light

Traffic lights, also known as traffic signals, traffic lamps, traffic semaphore, signal lights, stop lights, robots (in South Africa and most of Africa), and traffic control signals (in technical parlance), are signalling devices positioned at road intersections, pedestrian crossings, and other locations to control flows of traffic.

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Transformer

A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction.

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Transistor computer

A transistor computer, now often called a second generation computer, is a computer which uses discrete transistors instead of vacuum tubes.

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Transit (ship)

Transit was the name given to three sailing vessels designed and built to the order of Captain Richard Hall Gower.

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Transplant rejection

Transplant rejection occurs when transplanted tissue is rejected by the recipient's immune system, which destroys the transplanted tissue.

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Tree shelter

A tree shelter, or tree guard, is a type of plastic shelter used to nurture trees in the early stages of their growth.

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Trevor Baylis

Trevor Graham Baylis (13 May 1937 – 5 March 2018) was an English inventor best known for the wind-up radio.

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Trigonometric functions

In mathematics, the trigonometric functions (also called circular functions, angle functions or goniometric functions) are functions of an angle.

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Triton (moon)

Triton is the largest natural satellite of the planet Neptune, and the first Neptunian moon to be discovered.

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Tryptophan

Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

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Tuberculosis management

Tuberculosis management refers to the medical treatment of the infectious disease tuberculosis (TB).

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Tuning fork

A tuning fork is an acoustic resonator in the form of a two-pronged fork with the prongs (tines) formed from a U-shaped bar of elastic metal (usually steel).

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Tunnel boring machine

A tunnel boring machine (TBM), also known as a "mole", is a machine used to excavate tunnels with a circular cross section through a variety of soil and rock strata.

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Turbinia

Turbinia was the first steam turbine-powered steamship.

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Turret ship

Turret ships were a 19th-century type of warship, the earliest to have their guns mounted in a revolving gun turret, instead of a broadside arrangement.

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Two-stroke engine

A two-stroke (or two-cycle) engine is a type of internal combustion engine which completes a power cycle with two strokes (up and down movements) of the piston during only one crankshaft revolution.

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Typewriter

A typewriter is a mechanical or electromechanical machine for writing characters similar to those produced by printer's movable type.

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Typhoid fever

Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a bacterial infection due to ''Salmonella'' typhi that causes symptoms.

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Umbrella

An umbrella or parasol is a folding canopy supported by wooden or metal ribs, which is usually mounted on a wooden, metal, or plastic pole.

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Umbriel (moon)

Umbriel is a moon of Uranus discovered on October 24, 1851, by William Lassell.

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Uniform Penny Post

The Uniform Penny Post was a component of the comprehensive reform of the Royal Mail, the UK's official postal service, that took place in the 19th century.

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Unit of measurement

A unit of measurement is a definite magnitude of a quantity, defined and adopted by convention or by law, that is used as a standard for measurement of the same kind of quantity.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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Universal joint

A universal joint (universal coupling, U-joint, Cardan joint, Spicer or Hardy Spicer joint, or Hooke's joint) is a joint or coupling connecting rigid rods whose axes are inclined to each other, and is commonly used in shafts that transmit rotary motion.

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Universal Time

Universal Time (UT) is a time standard based on Earth's rotation.

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Universal Turing machine

In computer science, a universal Turing machine (UTM) is a Turing machine that can simulate an arbitrary Turing machine on arbitrary input.

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University College London

University College London (UCL) is a public research university in London, England, and a constituent college of the federal University of London.

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University of Cambridge

The University of Cambridge (informally Cambridge University)The corporate title of the university is The Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge.

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University of Edinburgh

The University of Edinburgh (abbreviated as Edin. in post-nominals), founded in 1582, is the sixth oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of Scotland's ancient universities.

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University of Hull

The University of Hull is a public research university in Kingston upon Hull, a city in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England.

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University of Leicester

The University of Leicester is a public research university based in Leicester, England.

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University of Manchester

The University of Manchester is a public research university in Manchester, England, formed in 2004 by the merger of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology and the Victoria University of Manchester.

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University of Southampton

The University of Southampton (abbreviated as Soton in post-nominal letters) is a research university located in Southampton, England.

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University of St Andrews

The University of St Andrews (informally known as St Andrews University or simply St Andrews; abbreviated as St And, from the Latin Sancti Andreae, in post-nominals) is a British public research university in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland.

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Uranus

Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun.

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Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that states that the best action is the one that maximizes utility.

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Vaccine

A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease.

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Vacuum cleaner

A vacuum cleaner, also known as a sweeper or hoover, is a device that uses an air pump (a centrifugal fan in all but some of the very oldest models), to create a partial vacuum to suck up dust and dirt, usually from floors, and from other surfaces such as upholstery and draperies.

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Vacuum flask

A vacuum flask (also known as a Dewar flask, Dewar bottle or thermos) is an insulating storage vessel that greatly lengthens the time over which its contents remain hotter or cooler than the flask's surroundings.

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Vacuum tube

In electronics, a vacuum tube, an electron tube, or just a tube (North America), or valve (Britain and some other regions) is a device that controls electric current between electrodes in an evacuated container.

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Valentine's Day

Valentine's Day, also called Saint Valentine's Day or the Feast of Saint Valentine, is celebrated annually on February 14.

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Vantablack

Vantablack is the trademarked name (owned by Surrey NanoSystems Limited) for a chemical substance made of vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays and is the darkest artificial substance known, absorbing up to 99.965% of radiation in the visible spectrum.

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Venn diagram

A Venn diagram (also called primary diagram, set diagram or logic diagram) is a diagram that shows all possible logical relations between a finite collection of different sets.

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Vickers F.B.5

The Vickers F.B.5 (Fighting Biplane 5) (known as the "Gunbus") was a British two-seat pusher military biplane of the First World War.

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Vickers Limited

Vickers Limited was a significant British engineering conglomerate that merged into Vickers-Armstrongs in 1927.

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Virtual memory

In computing, virtual memory (also virtual storage) is a memory management technique that provides an "idealized abstraction of the storage resources that are actually available on a given machine" which "creates the illusion to users of a very large (main) memory." The computer's operating system, using a combination of hardware and software, maps memory addresses used by a program, called virtual addresses, into physical addresses in computer memory.

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Vitamin

A vitamin is an organic molecule (or related set of molecules) which is an essential micronutrient - that is, a substance which an organism needs in small quantities for the proper functioning of its metabolism - but cannot synthesize it (either at all, or in sufficient quantities), and therefore it must be obtained through the diet.

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Voltage

Voltage, electric potential difference, electric pressure or electric tension (formally denoted or, but more often simply as V or U, for instance in the context of Ohm's or Kirchhoff's circuit laws) is the difference in electric potential between two points.

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Von Neumann architecture

The von Neumann architecture, which is also known as the von Neumann model and Princeton architecture, is a computer architecture based on the 1945 description by the mathematician and physicist John von Neumann and others in the First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC.

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VTOL

A vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft is one that can hover, take off, and land vertically.

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Vulcanization

Vulcanization or vulcanisation is a chemical process for converting natural rubber or related polymers into more durable materials by heating them with sulfur or other equivalent curatives or accelerators.

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Walter Parry Haskett Smith

Walter Parry Haskett Smith (28 August 1859 – 11 March 1946) is often called the Father of Rock Climbing.

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Water

Water is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of Earth's streams, lakes, and oceans, and the fluids of most living organisms.

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Water frame

A water frame is a water-powered spinning frame designed for the production of cotton thread, first used in 1768.

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Waterline

The waterline is the line where the hull of a ship meets the surface of the water.

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Watt steam engine

The Watt steam engine (alternatively known as the Boulton and Watt steam engine) was the first type of steam engine to make use of a separate condenser.

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Weather map

A weather map displays various meteorological features across a particular area at a particular point in time and has various symbols which all have specific meanings.

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Web browser

A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for accessing information on the World Wide Web.

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Weight

In science and engineering, the weight of an object is related to the amount of force acting on the object, either due to gravity or to a reaction force that holds it in place.

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Wellington boot

The Wellington boot is a type of boot based upon leather Hessian boots.

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Weston cell

The Weston cell is a wet-chemical cell that produces a highly stable voltage suitable as a laboratory standard for calibration of voltmeters.

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Wheatstone bridge

A Wheatstone bridge is an electrical circuit used to measure an unknown electrical resistance by balancing two legs of a bridge circuit, one leg of which includes the unknown component.

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Whitworth rifle

The Whitworth Rifle was a single-shot muzzle-loaded rifle used in the latter half of the 19th century.

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William Armstrong, 1st Baron Armstrong

William George Armstrong, 1st Baron Armstrong (26 November 1810 – 27 December 1900) was an English industrialist who founded the Armstrong Whitworth manufacturing concern on Tyneside.

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William Aspdin

William Aspdin (23 September 1815 – 11 April 1864) was an English cement manufacturer, and a pioneer of the Portland cement industry.

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William Bickford (1774–1834)

William Bickford (1774–1834) was an English inventor.

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William Boog Leishman

Lieutenant General Sir William Boog Leishman (6 November 1865 – 2 June 1926) was a Scottish pathologist and British Army medical officer.

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William Booth

William Booth (10 April 182920 August 1912) was an English Methodist preacher who founded The Salvation Army and became its first General (1878–1912).

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William Bourne (mathematician)

William Bourne (c. 1535–1582) was an English mathematician, innkeeper and former Royal Navy gunner who presented the first design for a navigable submarine and wrote important navigational manuals.

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William Caxton

William Caxton (c. 1422 – c. 1491) was an English merchant, diplomat, writer and printer.

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William Crookes

Sir William Crookes (17 June 1832 – 4 April 1919) was a British chemist and physicist who attended the Royal College of Chemistry in London, and worked on spectroscopy.

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William Cullen

William Cullen FRS FRSE FRCPE FPSG (15 April 1710 – 5 February 1790) was a Scottish physician, chemist and agriculturalist, and one of the most important professors at the Edinburgh Medical School, during its heyday as the leading centre of medical education in the English-speaking world.

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William E. Fairbairn

William Ewart Fairbairn (28 February 1885 – 20 June 1960) was a British Royal Marine and police officer.

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William Eccles

William Henry Eccles FRS (23 August 1875 – 29 April 1966) was a British physicist and a pioneer in the development of radio communication.

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William Fothergill Cooke

Sir William Fothergill Cooke (4 May 1806 – 25 June 1879) was an English inventor.

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William Friese-Greene

William Friese-Greene (born William Edward Green, 7 September 1855 – 5 May 1921) was a prolific English inventor and professional photographer.

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William Gascoigne (scientist)

William Gascoigne (1612 – 2 July 1644) was an English astronomer, mathematician and maker of scientific instruments from Middleton, Leeds who invented the micrometer.

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William Ged

William Ged (1699 – 19 October 1749) was a Scottish goldsmith who has been credited with the invention of stereotyping.

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William Gilbert (astronomer)

William Gilbert (24 May 1544 – 30 November 1603), also known as Gilberd, was an English physician, physicist and natural philosopher.

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William Hale (British inventor)

William Hale (21 October 1797 – 30 March 1870), was a British inventor and rocket pioneer.

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William Harbutt

William Harbutt (13 February 1844 – 1 June 1921) was a British artist and the inventor of Plasticine.

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William Harvey

William Harvey (1 April 1578 – 3 June 1657) was an English physician who made seminal contributions in anatomy and physiology.

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William Hedley

William Hedley (13 July 1779 – 9 January 1843) was born in Newburn, near Newcastle upon Tyne.

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William Henry Bragg

Sir William Henry Bragg (2 July 1862 – 12 March 1942) was a British physicist, chemist, mathematician and active sportsman who uniquelyThis is still a unique accomplishment, because no other parent-child combination has yet shared a Nobel Prize (in any field).

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William Henry Perkin

Sir William Henry Perkin, FRS (12 March 1838 – 14 July 1907) was a British chemist and entrepreneur best known for his serendipitous discovery of the first synthetic organic dye, mauveine, made from aniline.

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William Herschel

Frederick William Herschel, (Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel; 15 November 1738 – 25 August 1822) was a German-born British astronomer, composer and brother of fellow astronomer Caroline Herschel, with whom he worked.

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William Hewson (surgeon)

William Hewson (14 November 1739 – 1 May 1774) was a British surgeon, anatomist and physiologist who has sometimes been referred to as the "father of haematology".

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William Howard Livens

William Howard Livens DSO MC (28 March 1889 – 1 February 1964) was an engineer, a soldier in the British Army and an inventor particularly known for the design of chemical warfare and flame warfare weapons.

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William Kennedy Dickson

William Kennedy-Laurie Dickson (3 August 1860 – 28 September 1935) was a Scottish inventor who devised an early motion picture camera under the employment of Thomas Edison (post-dating the work of Louis Le Prince).

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William Kent

William Kent (c. 1685 – 12 April 1748) was an eminent English architect, landscape architect and furniture designer of the early 18th century.

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William Kingdon Clifford

William Kingdon Clifford FRS (4 May 1845 – 3 March 1879) was an English mathematician and philosopher.

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William Lassell

William Lassell, (18 June 1799 – 5 October 1880) was an English merchant and astronomer.

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William Lee (inventor)

William Lee (1563–1614) was an English clergyman and inventor who devised the first stocking frame knitting machine in 1589, the only one in use for centuries.

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William Lindley

William Lindley (7 September 1808 in London – 22 May 1900 in Blackheath, London), was an English engineer who together with his sons designed water and sewerage systems for over 30 cities across Europe.

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William Oughtred

William Oughtred (5 March 1574 – 30 June 1660) was an English mathematician and Anglican clergyman.

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William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse

William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse HFRSE (17 June 1800 – 31 October 1867) was an Anglo-Irish astronomer who had several telescopes built.

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William Paterson (banker)

Sir William Paterson (April 1658 - 22 January 1719) was a Scottish trader and banker.

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William Penny Brookes

William Penny Brookes (13 August 1809 – 11 December 1895) was an English surgeon, magistrate, botanist, and educationalist especially known for inspiring the modern Olympic Games, the Wenlock Olympian Games and for his promotion of physical education and personal betterment.

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William Ramsay

Sir William Ramsay (2 October 1852 – 23 July 1916) was a Scottish chemist who discovered the noble gases and received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1904 "in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air" (along with his collaborator, John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics that same year for their discovery of argon).

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William Robert Grove

Sir William Robert Grove, PC, FRS FRSE (11 July 1811 – 1 August 1896) was a Welsh judge and physical scientist.

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William Sturgeon

William Sturgeon (22 May 1783 – 4 December 1850) was an English physicist and inventor who made the first electromagnets, and invented the first practical English electric motor.

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William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin

William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, (26 June 1824 – 17 December 1907) was a Scots-Irish mathematical physicist and engineer who was born in Belfast in 1824.

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William Webb Ellis

The Reverend William Webb Ellis (24 November 1806 – 24 January 1872) was an English Anglican clergyman and the alleged inventor of rugby football whilst a pupil at Rugby School.

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Williams tube

The Williams tube, or the Williams–Kilburn tube after inventors Freddie Williams (26 June 1911 – 11 August 1977), and Tom Kilburn (11 August 1921 – 17 January 2001), is an early form of computer memory.

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Willoughby Smith

Willoughby Smith (6 April 1828, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk – 17 July 1891, Eastbourne, Sussex) was an English electrical engineer who discovered the photoconductivity of the element selenium.

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Wilson Yarn Clearer

The Wilson Yarn Clearer is yarn clearer, i.e., a device to remove faults from yarn.

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Wimshurst machine

The Wimshurst influence machine is an electrostatic generator, a machine for generating high voltages developed between 1880 and 1883 by British inventor James Wimshurst (1832–1903).

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Wind tunnel

A wind tunnel is a tool used in aerodynamic research to study the effects of air moving past solid objects.

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Wire wheel

Wire wheels, wire-spoked wheels, tension-spoked wheels, or "suspension" wheels are wheels whose rims connect to their hubs by wire spokes.

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Wolfram's 2-state 3-symbol Turing machine

In his book A New Kind of Science, Stephen Wolfram described a universal 2-state 5-symbol Turing machine, and conjectured that a particular 2-state 3-symbol Turing machine (hereinafter (2,3) Turing machine) might be universal as well.

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Woodcut

Woodcut is a relief printing technique in printmaking.

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World Digital Library

The World Digital Library (WDL) is an international digital library operated by UNESCO and the United States Library of Congress.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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World Wide Web

The World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or the Web) is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and accessible via the Internet.

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WorldWideWeb

WorldWideWeb (later renamed to Nexus to avoid confusion between the software and the World Wide Web) was the first web browser and editor.

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X-ray crystallography

X-ray crystallography is a technique used for determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline atoms cause a beam of incident X-rays to diffract into many specific directions.

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Xenon hexafluoroplatinate

Xenon hexafluoroplatinate is the product of the reaction of platinum hexafluoride and xenon, in an experiment that proved the chemical reactivity of the noble gases.

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Yarn

Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, suitable for use in the production of textiles, sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, or ropemaking.

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YMCA

The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), often simply called the Y, is a worldwide organization based in Geneva, Switzerland, with more than 58 million beneficiaries from 125 national associations.

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Zoopraxiscope

The zoöpraxiscope (initially named zoographiscope and zoogyroscope) is an early device for displaying moving images and is considered an important predecessor of the movie projector.

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3D computer graphics

3D computer graphics or three-dimensional computer graphics, (in contrast to 2D computer graphics) are graphics that use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data (often Cartesian) that is stored in the computer for the purposes of performing calculations and rendering 2D images.

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405-line television system

The 405-line monochrome analogue television broadcasting system was the first fully electronic television system to be used in regular broadcasting.

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999 (emergency telephone number)

999 is an official emergency telephone number in a number of countries which allows the caller to contact emergency services for urgent assistance.

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Redirects here:

British Inventions A-Z, British inventions, List of British Inventions, List of British inventions, List of British inventions and discoveries, Lists of British inventions.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_British_innovations_and_discoveries