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280 relations: Abelian group, Abelian variety, Affine representation, Aleksandr Gennadievich Kurosh, Algebraic geometry, Algebraic group, Algebraic topology, Alternating group, Amenable group, Arithmetic group, Arthur Cayley, Associative property, Augustin-Louis Cauchy, Automorphism, Émile Léonard Mathieu, Évariste Galois, Øystein Ore, Baby monster group, Banach–Tarski paradox, Bernd Fischer (mathematician), Bernhard Neumann, Bertram Huppert, Bijection, Bilinear map, Bimonster group, Binary operation, Borel subgroup, Braid group, Burnside problem, Burnside's lemma, Caesar cipher, Camille Jordan, Capable group, Category of groups, Cayley's theorem, Center (group theory), Centralizer and normalizer, Character theory, Characteristic subgroup, Charles Leedham-Green, Classification of finite simple groups, Commensurability (group theory), Commutative property, Commutator, Commutator subgroup, Compact group, Compactly generated group, Complete group, Composition series, Computer algebra system, ..., Congruence relation, Congruence subgroup, Conjugacy class, Conjugate closure, Conjugation of isometries in Euclidean space, Continuous symmetry, Conway group, Core (group theory), Coset, Coset enumeration, Coxeter group, Cryptography, Crystallographic point group, Cyclic group, Daniel Gorenstein, David Hilbert, Dedekind group, Dicyclic group, Dihedral group, Dimensional analysis, Direct product of groups, Direct sum of groups, Discrete group, Discrete logarithm, Discrete space, Divisible group, Elliptic curve, Emmy Noether, Equivalence class, Equivalence relation, Euclidean group, Euler's theorem, Examples of groups, Exponentiation by squaring, Feit–Thompson theorem, Felix Klein, Ferdinand Georg Frobenius, Field (mathematics), Finite field, Finitely generated abelian group, Fischer group, Fitting subgroup, Frattini subgroup, Free abelian group, Free group, Free product, Friedrich Wilhelm Levi, Frieze group, Frobenius group, Fuchsian group, Fundamental group, Fundamental theorem on homomorphisms, Galois group, Galois theory, Gell-Mann matrices, General linear group, Generating set of a group, Geometric group theory, Geometry, George Abram Miller, George Glauberman, Giovanni Frattini, Graham Higman, Grothendieck group, Group action, Group algebra, Group cohomology, Group extension, Group homomorphism, Group isomorphism, Group object, Group of Lie type, Group representation, Group ring, Group scheme, Group with operators, Growth rate (group theory), Hall subgroup, Hanna Neumann, Hans Fitting, Hans Zassenhaus, Heap (mathematics), Heisenberg group, Helmut Wielandt, Herzog–Schönheim conjecture, Hilbert space, Homogeneous space, Homology (mathematics), Homomorphism, Hyperbolic group, Identity element, Inner automorphism, Integer, Isometry group, Isomorphism theorems, Issai Schur, Jacques Tits, Jakob Nielsen (mathematician), Janko group, John G. Thompson, John Horton Conway, Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Kenkichi Iwasawa, Klein four-group, Knapsack problem, Lagrange's theorem (group theory), Lattice (discrete subgroup), Lattice (group), Leonard Eugene Dickson, Lie group, Linear algebra, Linear algebraic group, List of abstract algebra topics, List of finite simple groups, List of Lie groups topics, List of small groups, Locally cyclic group, Magma (algebra), Marshall Hall (mathematician), Martin Dunwoody, Maschke's theorem, Mathieu group, Matrix (mathematics), Max August Zorn, Michael Aschbacher, Michio Suzuki, Minkowski's theorem, Modular arithmetic, Module (mathematics), Molecular symmetry, Monoid, Monoid ring, Monster group, Monstrous moonshine, Multiplication table, Multiplicative inverse, Niels Henrik Abel, Nielsen transformation, Nilpotent group, Non-abelian group, Normal subgroup, Number, Order isomorphism, Otto Hölder, Otto Schreier, Outer automorphism group, Outline of category theory, P-group, Parity of a permutation, Pauli matrices, Perfect group, Permutation, Permutation group, Peter Ludwig Mejdell Sylow, Philip Hall, Presentation of a group, Prime number, Product of group subsets, Profinite group, Projective linear group, Projective representation, Quantum group, Quasigroup, Quasisimple group, Quaternion, Quaternion group, Quotient group, Racks and quandles, Rank of an abelian group, Real number, Reductive group, Reinhold Baer, Representation theory, Richard Brauer, Richard Dedekind, Ring (mathematics), Robert Griess, Robert Steinberg, Roger Carter (mathematician), Rubik's Cube group, Schoenflies notation, Schreier refinement theorem, Schreier's lemma, Schreier–Sims algorithm, Schur multiplier, Schur orthogonality relations, Schur's lemma, Semidirect product, Semigroup, Shor's algorithm, Simple group, Simple Lie group, Solvable group, Sophus Lie, Space group, Special linear group, Standard Model, Steiner system, Strong generating set, Subgroup, Subset sum problem, Sylow theorems, Symmetric group, Symmetry, Symmetry (physics), Symmetry group, Tarski monster group, Tensor, Thompson groups, Thompson sporadic group, Tietze transformations, Tits group, Todd–Coxeter algorithm, Topological group, Torsion subgroup, Transfer (group theory), Transversal (combinatorics), Triple DES, Up to, Vector space, Wallpaper group, Walter Feit, Weyl group, Whitehead problem, Wilhelm Magnus, William Burnside, Word problem for groups, Wreath product, Zassenhaus lemma, Zvonimir Janko. Expand index (230 more) »
Abelian group
In abstract algebra, an abelian group, also called a commutative group, is a group in which the result of applying the group operation to two group elements does not depend on the order in which they are written.
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Abelian variety
In mathematics, particularly in algebraic geometry, complex analysis and algebraic number theory, an abelian variety is a projective algebraic variety that is also an algebraic group, i.e., has a group law that can be defined by regular functions.
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Affine representation
An affine representation of a topological (Lie) group G on an affine space A is a continuous (smooth) group homomorphism from G to the automorphism group of A, the affine group Aff(A).
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Aleksandr Gennadievich Kurosh
Alexander Gennadyevich Kurosh (Алекса́ндр Генна́диевич Ку́рош; January 19, 1908 – May 18, 1971) was a Soviet mathematician, known for his work in abstract algebra.
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Algebraic geometry
Algebraic geometry is a branch of mathematics, classically studying zeros of multivariate polynomials.
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Algebraic group
In algebraic geometry, an algebraic group (or group variety) is a group that is an algebraic variety, such that the multiplication and inversion operations are given by regular maps on the variety.
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Algebraic topology
Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces.
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Alternating group
In mathematics, an alternating group is the group of even permutations of a finite set.
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Amenable group
In mathematics, an amenable group is a locally compact topological group G carrying a kind of averaging operation on bounded functions that is invariant under translation by group elements.
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Arithmetic group
In mathematics, an arithmetic group is a group obtained as the integer points of an algebraic group, for example \mathrm_2(\Z).
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Arthur Cayley
Arthur Cayley F.R.S. (16 August 1821 – 26 January 1895) was a British mathematician.
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Associative property
In mathematics, the associative property is a property of some binary operations.
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Augustin-Louis Cauchy
Baron Augustin-Louis Cauchy FRS FRSE (21 August 178923 May 1857) was a French mathematician, engineer and physicist who made pioneering contributions to several branches of mathematics, including: mathematical analysis and continuum mechanics.
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Automorphism
In mathematics, an automorphism is an isomorphism from a mathematical object to itself.
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Émile Léonard Mathieu
Émile Léonard Mathieu (15 May 1835, Metz – 19 October 1890, Nancy) was a French mathematician.
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Évariste Galois
Évariste Galois (25 October 1811 – 31 May 1832) was a French mathematician.
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Øystein Ore
Øystein Ore (7 October 1899 – 13 August 1968) was a Norwegian mathematician known for his work in ring theory, Galois connections, graph theory, and the history of mathematics.
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Baby monster group
In the area of modern algebra known as group theory, the baby monster group B (or, more simply, the baby monster) is a sporadic simple group of order B is one of the 26 sporadic groups and has the second highest order of these, with the highest order being that of the monster group.
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Banach–Tarski paradox
The Banach–Tarski paradox is a theorem in set-theoretic geometry, which states the following: Given a solid ball in 3‑dimensional space, there exists a decomposition of the ball into a finite number of disjoint subsets, which can then be put back together in a different way to yield two identical copies of the original ball.
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Bernd Fischer (mathematician)
Bernd Fischer (born 18 December 1936) is a German mathematician.
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Bernhard Neumann
Bernhard Hermann Neumann AC FRS (15 October 1909 – 21 October 2002) was a German-born British-Australian mathematician who was a leader in the study of group theory.
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Bertram Huppert
Bertram Huppert (born 22 October 1927 in Worms, Germany) is a German mathematician specializing in group theory and the representation theory of finite groups.
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Bijection
In mathematics, a bijection, bijective function, or one-to-one correspondence is a function between the elements of two sets, where each element of one set is paired with exactly one element of the other set, and each element of the other set is paired with exactly one element of the first set.
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Bilinear map
In mathematics, a bilinear map is a function combining elements of two vector spaces to yield an element of a third vector space, and is linear in each of its arguments.
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Bimonster group
In mathematics, the bimonster is a group that is the wreath product of the monster group M with Z2: The Bimonster is also a quotient of the Coxeter group corresponding to the Dynkin diagram Y555, a Y-shaped graph with 16 nodes: John H. Conway conjectured that a presentation of the bimonster could be given by adding a certain extra relation to the presentation defined by the Y555 diagram; this was proved in 1990 by A. A. Ivanov and Simon P. Norton.
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Binary operation
In mathematics, a binary operation on a set is a calculation that combines two elements of the set (called operands) to produce another element of the set.
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Borel subgroup
In the theory of algebraic groups, a Borel subgroup of an algebraic group G is a maximal Zariski closed and connected solvable algebraic subgroup.
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Braid group
In mathematics, the braid group on strands (denoted), also known as the Artin braid group, is the group whose elements are equivalence classes of n-braids (e.g. under ambient isotopy), and whose group operation is composition of braids (see). Example applications of braid groups include knot theory, where any knot may be represented as the closure of certain braids (a result known as Alexander's theorem); in mathematical physics where Artin's canonical presentation of the braid group corresponds to the Yang–Baxter equation (see); and in monodromy invariants of algebraic geometry.
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Burnside problem
The Burnside problem, posed by William Burnside in 1902 and one of the oldest and most influential questions in group theory, asks whether a finitely generated group in which every element has finite order must necessarily be a finite group.
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Burnside's lemma
Burnside's lemma, sometimes also called Burnside's counting theorem, the Cauchy–Frobenius lemma or the orbit-counting theorem, is a result in group theory which is often useful in taking account of symmetry when counting mathematical objects.
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Caesar cipher
E in the plaintext becomes B in the ciphertext.
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Camille Jordan
Marie Ennemond Camille Jordan (5 January 1838 – 22 January 1922) was a French mathematician, known both for his foundational work in group theory and for his influential Cours d'analyse.
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Capable group
In mathematics, in the realm of group theory, a group is said to be capable if it occurs as the inner automorphism group of some group.
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Category of groups
In mathematics, the category Grp has the class of all groups for objects and group homomorphisms for morphisms.
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Cayley's theorem
In group theory, Cayley's theorem, named in honour of Arthur Cayley, states that every group G is isomorphic to a subgroup of the symmetric group acting on G. This can be understood as an example of the group action of G on the elements of G. A permutation of a set G is any bijective function taking G onto G; and the set of all such functions forms a group under function composition, called the symmetric group on G, and written as Sym(G).
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Center (group theory)
In abstract algebra, the center of a group,, is the set of elements that commute with every element of.
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Centralizer and normalizer
In mathematics, especially group theory, the centralizer (also called commutant) of a subset S of a group G is the set of elements of G that commute with each element of S, and the normalizer of S are elements that satisfy a weaker condition.
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Character theory
In mathematics, more specifically in group theory, the character of a group representation is a function on the group that associates to each group element the trace of the corresponding matrix.
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Characteristic subgroup
In mathematics, particularly in the area of abstract algebra known as group theory, a characteristic subgroup is a subgroup that is mapped to itself by every automorphism of the parent group.
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Charles Leedham-Green
Charles R. Leedham-Green is a retired professor of mathematics at Queen Mary, University of London, known for his work in group theory.
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Classification of finite simple groups
In mathematics, the classification of the finite simple groups is a theorem stating that every finite simple group belongs to one of four broad classes described below.
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Commensurability (group theory)
In mathematics, specifically in group theory, two groups are commensurable if they differ only by a finite amount, in a precise sense.
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Commutative property
In mathematics, a binary operation is commutative if changing the order of the operands does not change the result.
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Commutator
In mathematics, the commutator gives an indication of the extent to which a certain binary operation fails to be commutative.
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Commutator subgroup
In mathematics, more specifically in abstract algebra, the commutator subgroup or derived subgroup of a group is the subgroup generated by all the commutators of the group.
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Compact group
In mathematics, a compact (topological) group is a topological group whose topology is compact.
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Compactly generated group
In mathematics, a compactly generated (topological) group is a topological group G which is algebraically generated by one of its compact subsets.
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Complete group
In mathematics, a group,, is said to be complete if every automorphism of is inner, and it is centerless; that is, it has a trivial outer automorphism group and trivial center.
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Composition series
In abstract algebra, a composition series provides a way to break up an algebraic structure, such as a group or a module, into simple pieces.
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Computer algebra system
A computer algebra system (CAS) is any mathematical software with the ability to manipulate mathematical expressions in a way similar to the traditional manual computations of mathematicians and scientists.
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Congruence relation
In abstract algebra, a congruence relation (or simply congruence) is an equivalence relation on an algebraic structure (such as a group, ring, or vector space) that is compatible with the structure.
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Congruence subgroup
In mathematics, a congruence subgroup of a matrix group with integer entries is a subgroup defined by congruence conditions on the entries.
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Conjugacy class
In mathematics, especially group theory, the elements of any group may be partitioned into conjugacy classes; members of the same conjugacy class share many properties, and study of conjugacy classes of non-abelian groups reveals many important features of their structure.
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Conjugate closure
In group theory, the conjugate closure of a subset S of a group G is the subgroup of G generated by SG, i.e. the closure of SG under the group operation, where SG is the set of the conjugates of the elements of S: The conjugate closure of S is denoted G> or G. The conjugate closure of any subset S of a group G is always a normal subgroup of G; in fact, it is the smallest (by inclusion) normal subgroup of G which contains S. For this reason, the conjugate closure is also called the normal closure of S or the normal subgroup generated by S. The normal closure can also be characterized as the intersection of all normal subgroups of G which contain S. Any normal subgroup is equal to its normal closure.
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Conjugation of isometries in Euclidean space
In a group, the conjugate by g of h is ghg−1.
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Continuous symmetry
In mathematics, continuous symmetry is an intuitive idea corresponding to the concept of viewing some symmetries as motions, as opposed to discrete symmetry, e.g. reflection symmetry, which is invariant under a kind of flip from one state to another.
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Conway group
In the area of modern algebra known as group theory, the Conway groups are the three sporadic simple groups Co1, Co2 and Co3 along with the related finite group Co0 introduced by.
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Core (group theory)
In group theory, a branch of mathematics, a core is any of certain special normal subgroups of a group.
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Coset
In mathematics, if G is a group, and H is a subgroup of G, and g is an element of G, then Only when H is normal will the set of right cosets and the set of left cosets of H coincide, which is one definition of normality of a subgroup.
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Coset enumeration
In mathematics, coset enumeration is the problem of counting the cosets of a subgroup H of a group G given in terms of a presentation.
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Coxeter group
In mathematics, a Coxeter group, named after H. S. M. Coxeter, is an abstract group that admits a formal description in terms of reflections (or kaleidoscopic mirrors).
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Cryptography
Cryptography or cryptology (from κρυπτός|translit.
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Crystallographic point group
In crystallography, a crystallographic point group is a set of symmetry operations, like rotations or reflections, that leave a central point fixed while moving other directions and faces of the crystal to the positions of features of the same kind.
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Cyclic group
In algebra, a cyclic group or monogenous group is a group that is generated by a single element.
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Daniel Gorenstein
Daniel E. Gorenstein (January 1, 1923 – August 26, 1992) was an American mathematician.
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David Hilbert
David Hilbert (23 January 1862 – 14 February 1943) was a German mathematician.
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Dedekind group
In group theory, a Dedekind group is a group G such that every subgroup of G is normal.
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Dicyclic group
In group theory, a dicyclic group (notation Dicn or Q4n) is a member of a class of non-abelian groups of order 4n (n > 1).
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Dihedral group
In mathematics, a dihedral group is the group of symmetries of a regular polygon, which includes rotations and reflections.
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Dimensional analysis
In engineering and science, dimensional analysis is the analysis of the relationships between different physical quantities by identifying their base quantities (such as length, mass, time, and electric charge) and units of measure (such as miles vs. kilometers, or pounds vs. kilograms) and tracking these dimensions as calculations or comparisons are performed.
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Direct product of groups
In group theory, the direct product is an operation that takes two groups and and constructs a new group, usually denoted.
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Direct sum of groups
In mathematics, a group G is called the direct sum of two subgroups H1 and H2 if.
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Discrete group
In mathematics, a discrete subgroup of a topological group G is a subgroup H such that there is an open cover of G in which every open subset contains exactly one element of H; in other words, the subspace topology of H in G is the discrete topology.
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Discrete logarithm
In the mathematics of the real numbers, the logarithm logb a is a number x such that, for given numbers a and b. Analogously, in any group G, powers bk can be defined for all integers k, and the discrete logarithm logb a is an integer k such that.
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Discrete space
In topology, a discrete space is a particularly simple example of a topological space or similar structure, one in which the points form a discontinuous sequence, meaning they are isolated from each other in a certain sense.
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Divisible group
In mathematics, especially in the field of group theory, a divisible group is an abelian group in which every element can, in some sense, be divided by positive integers, or more accurately, every element is an nth multiple for each positive integer n. Divisible groups are important in understanding the structure of abelian groups, especially because they are the injective abelian groups.
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Elliptic curve
In mathematics, an elliptic curve is a plane algebraic curve defined by an equation of the form which is non-singular; that is, the curve has no cusps or self-intersections.
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Emmy Noether
Amalie Emmy NoetherEmmy is the Rufname, the second of two official given names, intended for daily use.
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Equivalence class
In mathematics, when the elements of some set S have a notion of equivalence (formalized as an equivalence relation) defined on them, then one may naturally split the set S into equivalence classes.
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Equivalence relation
In mathematics, an equivalence relation is a binary relation that is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
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Euclidean group
In mathematics, the Euclidean group E(n), also known as ISO(n) or similar, is the symmetry group of n-dimensional Euclidean space.
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Euler's theorem
In number theory, Euler's theorem (also known as the Fermat–Euler theorem or Euler's totient theorem) states that if n and a are coprime positive integers, then where \varphi(n) is Euler's totient function.
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Examples of groups
Some elementary examples of groups in mathematics are given on Group (mathematics).
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Exponentiation by squaring
In mathematics and computer programming, exponentiating by squaring is a general method for fast computation of large positive integer powers of a number, or more generally of an element of a semigroup, like a polynomial or a square matrix.
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Feit–Thompson theorem
In mathematics, the Feit–Thompson theorem, or odd order theorem, states that every finite group of odd order is solvable.
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Felix Klein
Christian Felix Klein (25 April 1849 – 22 June 1925) was a German mathematician and mathematics educator, known for his work with group theory, complex analysis, non-Euclidean geometry, and on the associations between geometry and group theory.
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Ferdinand Georg Frobenius
Ferdinand Georg Frobenius (26 October 1849 – 3 August 1917) was a German mathematician, best known for his contributions to the theory of elliptic functions, differential equations, number theory, and to group theory.
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Field (mathematics)
In mathematics, a field is a set on which addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are defined, and behave as when they are applied to rational and real numbers.
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Finite field
In mathematics, a finite field or Galois field (so-named in honor of Évariste Galois) is a field that contains a finite number of elements.
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Finitely generated abelian group
In abstract algebra, an abelian group is called finitely generated if there exist finitely many elements x1,..., xs in G such that every x in G can be written in the form with integers n1,..., ns.
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Fischer group
In the area of modern algebra known as group theory, the Fischer groups are the three sporadic simple groups Fi22, Fi23 and Fi24 introduced by.
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Fitting subgroup
In mathematics, especially in the area of algebra known as group theory, the Fitting subgroup F of a finite group G, named after Hans Fitting, is the unique largest normal nilpotent subgroup of G. Intuitively, it represents the smallest subgroup which "controls" the structure of G when G is solvable.
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Frattini subgroup
In mathematics, the Frattini subgroup Φ() of a group is the intersection of all maximal subgroups of.
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Free abelian group
In abstract algebra, a free abelian group or free Z-module is an abelian group with a basis.
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Free group
In mathematics, the free group FS over a given set S consists of all expressions (a.k.a. words, or terms) that can be built from members of S, considering two expressions different unless their equality follows from the group axioms (e.g. st.
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Free product
In mathematics, specifically group theory, the free product is an operation that takes two groups G and H and constructs a new group G ∗ H. The result contains both G and H as subgroups, is generated by the elements of these subgroups, and is the “most general” group having these properties.
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Friedrich Wilhelm Levi
Friedrich Wilhelm Daniel Levi (February 6, 1888 – January 1, 1966) was a German mathematician known for his work in abstract algebra, especially torsion-free abelian groups.
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Frieze group
In mathematics, a frieze or frieze pattern is a design on a two-dimensional surface that is repetitive in one direction.
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Frobenius group
In mathematics, a Frobenius group is a transitive permutation group on a finite set, such that no non-trivial element fixes more than one point and some non-trivial element fixes a point.
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Fuchsian group
In mathematics, a Fuchsian group is a discrete subgroup of PSL(2,'''R''').
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Fundamental group
In the mathematical field of algebraic topology, the fundamental group is a mathematical group associated to any given pointed topological space that provides a way to determine when two paths, starting and ending at a fixed base point, can be continuously deformed into each other.
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Fundamental theorem on homomorphisms
In abstract algebra, the fundamental theorem on homomorphisms, also known as the fundamental homomorphism theorem, relates the structure of two objects between which a homomorphism is given, and of the kernel and image of the homomorphism.
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Galois group
In mathematics, more specifically in the area of abstract algebra known as Galois theory, the Galois group of a certain type of field extension is a specific group associated with the field extension.
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Galois theory
In the field of algebra within mathematics, Galois theory, provides a connection between field theory and group theory.
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Gell-Mann matrices
The Gell-Mann matrices, developed by Murray Gell-Mann, are a set of eight linearly independent 3x3 traceless Hermitian matrices used in the study of the strong interaction in particle physics.
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General linear group
In mathematics, the general linear group of degree n is the set of invertible matrices, together with the operation of ordinary matrix multiplication.
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Generating set of a group
In abstract algebra, a generating set of a group is a subset such that every element of the group can be expressed as the combination (under the group operation) of finitely many elements of the subset and their inverses.
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Geometric group theory
Geometric group theory is an area in mathematics devoted to the study of finitely generated groups via exploring the connections between algebraic properties of such groups and topological and geometric properties of spaces on which these groups act (that is, when the groups in question are realized as geometric symmetries or continuous transformations of some spaces).
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Geometry
Geometry (from the γεωμετρία; geo- "earth", -metron "measurement") is a branch of mathematics concerned with questions of shape, size, relative position of figures, and the properties of space.
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George Abram Miller
George Abram Miller (31 July 1863 – 10 February 1951) was an early group theorist whose many papers and texts were considered important by his contemporaries, but are now mostly considered only of historical importance.
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George Glauberman
George Glauberman (born March 3, 1941, New York City) is a mathematician at the University of Chicago who works on finite simple groups.
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Giovanni Frattini
Giovanni Frattini (8 January 1852 – 21 July 1925) was an Italian mathematician, noted for his contributions to group theory.
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Graham Higman
Graham Higman FRS (19 January 1917 – 8 April 2008) was a prominent British mathematician known for his contributions to group theory.
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Grothendieck group
In mathematics, the Grothendieck group construction in abstract algebra constructs an abelian group from a commutative monoid M in the most universal way in the sense that any abelian group containing a homomorphic image of M will also contain a homomorphic image of the Grothendieck group of M. The Grothendieck group construction takes its name from the more general construction in category theory, introduced by Alexander Grothendieck in his fundamental work of the mid-1950s that resulted in the development of K-theory, which led to his proof of the Grothendieck–Riemann–Roch theorem.
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Group action
In mathematics, an action of a group is a formal way of interpreting the manner in which the elements of the group correspond to transformations of some space in a way that preserves the structure of that space.
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Group algebra
In mathematics, the group algebra is any of various constructions to assign to a locally compact group an operator algebra (or more generally a Banach algebra), such that representations of the algebra are related to representations of the group.
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Group cohomology
In mathematics (more specifically, in homological algebra), group cohomology is a set of mathematical tools used to study groups using cohomology theory, a technique from algebraic topology.
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Group extension
In mathematics, a group extension is a general means of describing a group in terms of a particular normal subgroup and quotient group.
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Group homomorphism
In mathematics, given two groups, (G, ∗) and (H, ·), a group homomorphism from (G, ∗) to (H, ·) is a function h: G → H such that for all u and v in G it holds that where the group operation on the left hand side of the equation is that of G and on the right hand side that of H. From this property, one can deduce that h maps the identity element eG of G to the identity element eH of H, and it also maps inverses to inverses in the sense that Hence one can say that h "is compatible with the group structure".
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Group isomorphism
In abstract algebra, a group isomorphism is a function between two groups that sets up a one-to-one correspondence between the elements of the groups in a way that respects the given group operations.
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Group object
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, group objects are certain generalizations of groups which are built on more complicated structures than sets.
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Group of Lie type
In mathematics, specifically in group theory, the phrase group of Lie type usually refers to finite groups that are closely related to the group of rational points of a reductive linear algebraic group with values in a finite field.
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Group representation
In the mathematical field of representation theory, group representations describe abstract groups in terms of linear transformations of vector spaces; in particular, they can be used to represent group elements as matrices so that the group operation can be represented by matrix multiplication.
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Group ring
In algebra, a group ring is a free module and at the same time a ring, constructed in a natural way from any given ring and any given group.
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Group scheme
In mathematics, a group scheme is a type of algebro-geometric object equipped with a composition law.
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Group with operators
In abstract algebra, a branch of pure mathematics, the algebraic structure group with operators or Ω-group can be viewed as a group with a set Ω that operates on the elements of the group in a special way.
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Growth rate (group theory)
In group theory, the growth rate of a group with respect to a symmetric generating set describes the size of balls in the group.
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Hall subgroup
In mathematics, a Hall subgroup of a finite group G is a subgroup whose order is coprime to its index.
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Hanna Neumann
Johanna (Hanna) Neumann (née von Caemmerer) (12 February 1914 – 14 November 1971) was a German-born mathematician who worked on group theory.
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Hans Fitting
Hans Fitting (13 November 1906 in München-Gladbach (now Mönchengladbach) – 15 June 1938 in Königsberg (now Kaliningrad)) was a mathematician who worked in group theory.
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Hans Zassenhaus
Hans Julius Zassenhaus (28 May 1912 – 21 November 1991) was a German mathematician, known for work in many parts of abstract algebra, and as a pioneer of computer algebra.
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Heap (mathematics)
In abstract algebra, a heap (sometimes also called a groud) is a mathematical generalization of a group.
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Heisenberg group
In mathematics, the Heisenberg group H, named after Werner Heisenberg, is the group of 3×3 upper triangular matrices of the form \end under the operation of matrix multiplication.
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Helmut Wielandt
Helmut Wielandt Helmut Wielandt (19 December 1910 Niedereggenen, Lörrach, Germany – 14 February 2001) was a German mathematician who worked on permutation groups.
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Herzog–Schönheim conjecture
In mathematics, the Herzog–Schönheim conjecture is a combinatorial problem in the area of group theory, posed by Marcel Herzog and Jochanan Schönheim in 1974.
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Hilbert space
The mathematical concept of a Hilbert space, named after David Hilbert, generalizes the notion of Euclidean space.
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Homogeneous space
In mathematics, particularly in the theories of Lie groups, algebraic groups and topological groups, a homogeneous space for a group G is a non-empty manifold or topological space X on which G acts transitively.
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Homology (mathematics)
In mathematics, homology is a general way of associating a sequence of algebraic objects such as abelian groups or modules to other mathematical objects such as topological spaces.
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Homomorphism
In algebra, a homomorphism is a structure-preserving map between two algebraic structures of the same type (such as two groups, two rings, or two vector spaces).
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Hyperbolic group
In group theory, more precisely in geometric group theory, a hyperbolic group, also known as a word hyperbolic group or Gromov hyperbolic group, is a finitely generated group equipped with a word metric satisfying certain properties abstracted from classical hyperbolic geometry.
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Identity element
In mathematics, an identity element or neutral element is a special type of element of a set with respect to a binary operation on that set, which leaves other elements unchanged when combined with them.
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Inner automorphism
In abstract algebra an inner automorphism is an automorphism of a group, ring, or algebra given by the conjugation action of a fixed element, called the conjugating element.
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Integer
An integer (from the Latin ''integer'' meaning "whole")Integer 's first literal meaning in Latin is "untouched", from in ("not") plus tangere ("to touch").
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Isometry group
In mathematics, the isometry group of a metric space is the set of all bijective isometries (i.e. bijective, distance-preserving maps) from the metric space onto itself, with the function composition as group operation.
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Isomorphism theorems
In mathematics, specifically abstract algebra, the isomorphism theorems are three theorems that describe the relationship between quotients, homomorphisms, and subobjects.
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Issai Schur
Issai Schur (January 10, 1875 – January 10, 1941) was a Russian mathematician who worked in Germany for most of his life.
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Jacques Tits
Jacques Tits (born 12 August 1930 in Uccle) is a Belgium-born French mathematician who works on group theory and incidence geometry, and who introduced Tits buildings, the Tits alternative, and the Tits group.
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Jakob Nielsen (mathematician)
Jakob Nielsen (15 October 1890 in Mjels, Als – 3 August 1959 in Helsingør) was a Danish mathematician known for his work on automorphisms of surfaces.
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Janko group
In the area of modern algebra known as group theory, the Janko groups are the four sporadic simple groups J1, J2, J3 and J4 introduced by Zvonimir Janko.
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John G. Thompson
John Griggs Thompson (born October 13, 1932) is a mathematician at the University of Florida noted for his work in the field of finite groups.
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John Horton Conway
John Horton Conway FRS (born 26 December 1937) is an English mathematician active in the theory of finite groups, knot theory, number theory, combinatorial game theory and coding theory.
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Joseph-Louis Lagrange
Joseph-Louis Lagrange (or;; born Giuseppe Lodovico Lagrangia, Encyclopædia Britannica or Giuseppe Ludovico De la Grange Tournier, Turin, 25 January 1736 – Paris, 10 April 1813; also reported as Giuseppe Luigi Lagrange or Lagrangia) was an Italian Enlightenment Era mathematician and astronomer.
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Kenkichi Iwasawa
Kenkichi Iwasawa (岩澤 健吉 Iwasawa Kenkichi, September 11, 1917 – October 26, 1998) was a Japanese mathematician who is known for his influence on algebraic number theory.
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Klein four-group
In mathematics, the Klein four-group (or just Klein group or Vierergruppe, four-group, often symbolized by the letter V or as K4) is the group, the direct product of two copies of the cyclic group of order 2.
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Knapsack problem
The knapsack problem or rucksack problem is a problem in combinatorial optimization: Given a set of items, each with a weight and a value, determine the number of each item to include in a collection so that the total weight is less than or equal to a given limit and the total value is as large as possible.
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Lagrange's theorem (group theory)
Lagrange's theorem, in the mathematics of group theory, states that for any finite group G, the order (number of elements) of every subgroup H of G divides the order of G. The theorem is named after Joseph-Louis Lagrange.
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Lattice (discrete subgroup)
In Lie theory and related areas of mathematics, a lattice in a locally compact group is a discrete subgroup with the property that the quotient space has finite invariant measure.
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Lattice (group)
In geometry and group theory, a lattice in \mathbbR^n is a subgroup of the additive group \mathbb^n which is isomorphic to the additive group \mathbbZ^n, and which spans the real vector space \mathbb^n.
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Leonard Eugene Dickson
Leonard Eugene Dickson (January 22, 1874 – January 17, 1954) was an American mathematician.
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Lie group
In mathematics, a Lie group (pronounced "Lee") is a group that is also a differentiable manifold, with the property that the group operations are compatible with the smooth structure.
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Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as linear functions such as and their representations through matrices and vector spaces.
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Linear algebraic group
In mathematics, a linear algebraic group is a subgroup of the group of invertible n×n matrices (under matrix multiplication) that is defined by polynomial equations.
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List of abstract algebra topics
Abstract algebra is the subject area of mathematics that studies algebraic structures, such as groups, rings, fields, modules, vector spaces, and algebras.
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List of finite simple groups
In mathematics, the classification of finite simple groups states that every finite simple group is cyclic, or alternating, or in one of 16 families of groups of Lie type, or one of 26 sporadic groups.
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List of Lie groups topics
This is a list of Lie group topics, by Wikipedia page.
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List of small groups
The following list in mathematics contains the finite groups of small order up to group isomorphism.
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Locally cyclic group
In group theory, a locally cyclic group is a group (G, *) in which every finitely generated subgroup is cyclic.
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Magma (algebra)
In abstract algebra, a magma (or groupoid; not to be confused with groupoids in category theory) is a basic kind of algebraic structure.
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Marshall Hall (mathematician)
Marshall Hall, Jr. (17 September 1910 – 4 July 1990) was an American mathematician who made significant contributions to group theory and combinatorics.
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Martin Dunwoody
Martin John Dunwoody (born 3 November 1938) is an emeritus professor of Mathematics at the University of Southampton, England.
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Maschke's theorem
In mathematics, Maschke's theorem, named after Heinrich Maschke, is a theorem in group representation theory that concerns the decomposition of representations of a finite group into irreducible pieces.
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Mathieu group
In the area of modern algebra known as group theory, the Mathieu groups are the five sporadic simple groups ''M''11, ''M''12, ''M''22, ''M''23 and ''M''24 introduced by.
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Matrix (mathematics)
In mathematics, a matrix (plural: matrices) is a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in rows and columns.
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Max August Zorn
Max August Zorn (June 6, 1906 – March 9, 1993) was a German mathematician.
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Michael Aschbacher
Michael George Aschbacher (born April 8, 1944) is an American mathematician best known for his work on finite groups.
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Michio Suzuki
was a Japanese mathematician who studied group theory.
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Minkowski's theorem
In mathematics, Minkowski's theorem is the statement that any convex set in \mathbb^n which is symmetric with respect to the origin and which has volume greater than 2^n contains a non-zero integer point.
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Modular arithmetic
In mathematics, modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers "wrap around" upon reaching a certain value—the modulus (plural moduli).
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Module (mathematics)
In mathematics, a module is one of the fundamental algebraic structures used in abstract algebra.
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Molecular symmetry
Molecular symmetry in chemistry describes the symmetry present in molecules and the classification of molecules according to their symmetry.
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Monoid
In abstract algebra, a branch of mathematics, a monoid is an algebraic structure with a single associative binary operation and an identity element.
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Monoid ring
In abstract algebra, a monoid ring is a ring constructed from a ring and a monoid, just as a group ring is constructed from a ring and a group.
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Monster group
In the area of modern algebra known as group theory, the Monster group M (also known as the Fischer–Griess Monster, or the Friendly Giant) is the largest sporadic simple group, having order The finite simple groups have been completely classified.
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Monstrous moonshine
In mathematics, monstrous moonshine, or moonshine theory, is the unexpected connection between the monster group M and modular functions, in particular, the ''j'' function.
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Multiplication table
In mathematics, a multiplication table (sometimes, less formally, a times table) is a mathematical table used to define a multiplication operation for an algebraic system.
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Multiplicative inverse
In mathematics, a multiplicative inverse or reciprocal for a number x, denoted by 1/x or x−1, is a number which when multiplied by x yields the multiplicative identity, 1.
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Niels Henrik Abel
Niels Henrik Abel (5 August 1802 – 6 April 1829) was a Norwegian mathematician who made pioneering contributions in a variety of fields.
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Nielsen transformation
In mathematics, especially in the area of abstract algebra known as combinatorial group theory, Nielsen transformations, named after Jakob Nielsen, are certain automorphisms of a free group which are a non-commutative analogue of row reduction and one of the main tools used in studying free groups,.
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Nilpotent group
A nilpotent group G is a group that has an upper central series that terminates with G. Provably equivalent definitions include a group that has a central series of finite length or a lower central series that terminates with.
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Non-abelian group
In mathematics, and specifically in group theory, a non-abelian group, sometimes called a non-commutative group, is a group (G, ∗) in which there exists at least one pair of elements a and b of G, such that a ∗ b ≠ b ∗ a.
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Normal subgroup
In abstract algebra, a normal subgroup is a subgroup which is invariant under conjugation by members of the group of which it is a part.
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Number
A number is a mathematical object used to count, measure and also label.
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Order isomorphism
In the mathematical field of order theory an order isomorphism is a special kind of monotone function that constitutes a suitable notion of isomorphism for partially ordered sets (posets).
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Otto Hölder
Otto Ludwig Hölder (December 22, 1859 – August 29, 1937) was a German mathematician born in Stuttgart.
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Otto Schreier
Otto Schreier (3 March 1901 in Vienna, Austria – 2 June 1929 in Hamburg, Germany) was an Austrian mathematician who made major contributions in combinatorial group theory and in the topology of Lie groups.
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Outer automorphism group
In mathematics, the outer automorphism group of a group,, is the quotient,, where is the automorphism group of and) is the subgroup consisting of inner automorphisms.
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Outline of category theory
The following outline is provided as an overview of and guide to category theory, the area of study in mathematics that examines in an abstract way the properties of particular mathematical concepts, by formalising them as collections of objects and arrows (also called morphisms, although this term also has a specific, non category-theoretical sense), where these collections satisfy certain basic conditions.
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P-group
In mathematical group theory, given a prime number p, a p-group is a group in which each element has a power of p as its order.
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Parity of a permutation
In mathematics, when X is a finite set of at least two elements, the permutations of X (i.e. the bijective functions from X to X) fall into two classes of equal size: the even permutations and the odd permutations.
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Pauli matrices
In mathematical physics and mathematics, the Pauli matrices are a set of three complex matrices which are Hermitian and unitary.
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Perfect group
In mathematics, more specifically in the area of modern algebra known as group theory, a group is said to be perfect if it equals its own commutator subgroup, or equivalently, if the group has no nontrivial abelian quotients (equivalently, its abelianization, which is the universal abelian quotient, is trivial).
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Permutation
In mathematics, the notion of permutation relates to the act of arranging all the members of a set into some sequence or order, or if the set is already ordered, rearranging (reordering) its elements, a process called permuting.
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Permutation group
In mathematics, a permutation group is a group G whose elements are permutations of a given set M and whose group operation is the composition of permutations in G (which are thought of as bijective functions from the set M to itself).
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Peter Ludwig Mejdell Sylow
Peter Ludwig Mejdell Sylow (12 December 1832 – 7 September 1918) was a Norwegian mathematician who proved foundational results in group theory.
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Philip Hall
Philip Hall FRS (11 April 1904 – 30 December 1982), was an English mathematician.
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Presentation of a group
In mathematics, one method of defining a group is by a presentation.
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Prime number
A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that cannot be formed by multiplying two smaller natural numbers.
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Product of group subsets
In mathematics, one can define a product of group subsets in a natural way.
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Profinite group
In mathematics, profinite groups are topological groups that are in a certain sense assembled from finite groups.
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Projective linear group
In mathematics, especially in the group theoretic area of algebra, the projective linear group (also known as the projective general linear group or PGL) is the induced action of the general linear group of a vector space V on the associated projective space P(V).
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Projective representation
In the field of representation theory in mathematics, a projective representation of a group G on a vector space V over a field F is a group homomorphism from G to the projective linear group where GL(V) is the general linear group of invertible linear transformations of V over F, and F∗ is the normal subgroup consisting of nonzero scalar multiples of the identity; scalar transformations). In more concrete terms, a projective representation is a collection of operators \rho(g),\, g\in G, where it is understood that each \rho(g) is only defined up to multiplication by a constant. These should satisfy the homomorphism property up to a constant: for some constants c(g,h). Since each \rho(g) is only defined up to a constant anyway, it does not strictly speaking make sense to ask whether the constants c(g,h) are equal to 1. Nevertheless, one can ask whether it is possible to choose a particular representative of each family \rho(g) of operators in such a way that the \rho(g)'s satisfy the homomorphism property on the nose, not just up to a constant. If such a choice is possible, we say that \rho can be "de-projectivized," or that \rho can be "lifted to an ordinary representation." This possibility is discussed further below.
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Quantum group
In mathematics and theoretical physics, the term quantum group denotes various kinds of noncommutative algebras with additional structure.
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Quasigroup
In mathematics, especially in abstract algebra, a quasigroup is an algebraic structure resembling a group in the sense that "division" is always possible.
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Quasisimple group
In mathematics, a quasisimple group (also known as a covering group) is a group that is a perfect central extension E of a simple group S. In other words, there is a short exact sequence such that E.
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Quaternion
In mathematics, the quaternions are a number system that extends the complex numbers.
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Quaternion group
In group theory, the quaternion group Q8 (sometimes just denoted by Q) is a non-abelian group of order eight, isomorphic to a certain eight-element subset of the quaternions under multiplication.
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Quotient group
A quotient group or factor group is a mathematical group obtained by aggregating similar elements of a larger group using an equivalence relation that preserves the group structure.
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Racks and quandles
In mathematics, racks and quandles are sets with binary operations satisfying axioms analogous to the Reidemeister moves used to manipulate knot diagrams.
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Rank of an abelian group
In mathematics, the rank, Prüfer rank, or torsion-free rank of an abelian group A is the cardinality of a maximal linearly independent subset.
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Real number
In mathematics, a real number is a value of a continuous quantity that can represent a distance along a line.
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Reductive group
In mathematics, a reductive group is a type of linear algebraic group over a field.
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Reinhold Baer
Reinhold Baer (22 July 1902 – 22 October 1979) was a German mathematician, known for his work in algebra.
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Representation theory
Representation theory is a branch of mathematics that studies abstract algebraic structures by representing their elements as linear transformations of vector spaces, and studies modules over these abstract algebraic structures.
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Richard Brauer
Richard Dagobert Brauer (February 10, 1901 – April 17, 1977) was a leading German and American mathematician.
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Richard Dedekind
Julius Wilhelm Richard Dedekind (6 October 1831 – 12 February 1916) was a German mathematician who made important contributions to abstract algebra (particularly ring theory), axiomatic foundation for the natural numbers, algebraic number theory and the definition of the real numbers.
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Ring (mathematics)
In mathematics, a ring is one of the fundamental algebraic structures used in abstract algebra.
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Robert Griess
Robert Louis Griess, Jr. (born 1945, Savannah, Georgia) is a mathematician working on finite simple groups and vertex algebras.
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Robert Steinberg
Robert Steinberg (May 25, 1922, Soroca, Bessarabia, Romania (present-day Moldova) – May 25, 2014) was a mathematician at the University of California, Los Angeles.
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Roger Carter (mathematician)
Roger W. Carter is an emeritus professor at the University of Warwick.
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Rubik's Cube group
The Rubik’s Cube group is a group (G, \cdot) that represents the structure of the Rubik's Cube mechanical puzzle.
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Schoenflies notation
The Schoenflies (or Schönflies) notation, named after the German mathematician Arthur Moritz Schoenflies, is one of two conventions commonly used to describe point groups.
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Schreier refinement theorem
In mathematics, the Schreier refinement theorem of group theory states that any two subnormal series of subgroups of a given group have equivalent refinements, where two series are equivalent if there is a bijection between their factor groups that sends each factor group to an isomorphic one.
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Schreier's lemma
In mathematics, Schreier's lemma is a theorem in group theory used in the Schreier–Sims algorithm and also for finding a presentation of a subgroup.
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Schreier–Sims algorithm
The Schreier–Sims algorithm is an algorithm in computational group theory named after mathematicians Otto Schreier and Charles Sims.
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Schur multiplier
In mathematical group theory, the Schur multiplier or Schur multiplicator is the second homology group H2(G, Z) of a group G. It was introduced by in his work on projective representations.
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Schur orthogonality relations
In mathematics, the Schur orthogonality relations, which is proven by Issai Schur through Schur's lemma, express a central fact about representations of finite groups.
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Schur's lemma
In mathematics, Schur's lemma is an elementary but extremely useful statement in representation theory of groups and algebras.
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Semidirect product
In mathematics, specifically in group theory, the concept of a semidirect product is a generalization of a direct product.
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Semigroup
In mathematics, a semigroup is an algebraic structure consisting of a set together with an associative binary operation.
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Shor's algorithm
Shor's algorithm, named after mathematician Peter Shor, is a quantum algorithm (an algorithm that runs on a quantum computer) for integer factorization formulated in 1994.
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Simple group
In mathematics, a simple group is a nontrivial group whose only normal subgroups are the trivial group and the group itself.
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Simple Lie group
In group theory, a simple Lie group is a connected non-abelian Lie group G which does not have nontrivial connected normal subgroups.
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Solvable group
In mathematics, more specifically in the field of group theory, a solvable group or soluble group is a group that can be constructed from abelian groups using extensions.
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Sophus Lie
Marius Sophus Lie (17 December 1842 – 18 February 1899) was a Norwegian mathematician.
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Space group
In mathematics, physics and chemistry, a space group is the symmetry group of a configuration in space, usually in three dimensions.
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Special linear group
In mathematics, the special linear group of degree n over a field F is the set of matrices with determinant 1, with the group operations of ordinary matrix multiplication and matrix inversion.
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Standard Model
The Standard Model of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (the electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions, and not including the gravitational force) in the universe, as well as classifying all known elementary particles.
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Steiner system
The Fano plane is an S(2,3,7) Steiner triple system. The blocks are the 7 lines, each containing 3 points. Every pair of points belongs to a unique line. In combinatorial mathematics, a Steiner system (named after Jakob Steiner) is a type of block design, specifically a t-design with λ.
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Strong generating set
In abstract algebra, especially in the area of group theory, a strong generating set of a permutation group is a generating set that clearly exhibits the permutation structure as described by a stabilizer chain.
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Subgroup
In group theory, a branch of mathematics, given a group G under a binary operation ∗, a subset H of G is called a subgroup of G if H also forms a group under the operation ∗.
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Subset sum problem
In computer science, the subset sum problem is an important problem in complexity theory and cryptography.
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Sylow theorems
In mathematics, specifically in the field of finite group theory, the Sylow theorems are a collection of theorems named after the Norwegian mathematician Ludwig Sylow (1872) that give detailed information about the number of subgroups of fixed order that a given finite group contains.
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Symmetric group
In abstract algebra, the symmetric group defined over any set is the group whose elements are all the bijections from the set to itself, and whose group operation is the composition of functions.
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Symmetry
Symmetry (from Greek συμμετρία symmetria "agreement in dimensions, due proportion, arrangement") in everyday language refers to a sense of harmonious and beautiful proportion and balance.
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Symmetry (physics)
In physics, a symmetry of a physical system is a physical or mathematical feature of the system (observed or intrinsic) that is preserved or remains unchanged under some transformation.
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Symmetry group
In group theory, the symmetry group of an object (image, signal, etc.) is the group of all transformations under which the object is invariant with composition as the group operation.
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Tarski monster group
In the area of modern algebra known as group theory, a Tarski monster group, named for Alfred Tarski, is an infinite group G, such that every proper subgroup H of G, other than the identity subgroup, is a cyclic group of order a fixed prime number p. A Tarski monster group is necessarily simple.
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Tensor
In mathematics, tensors are geometric objects that describe linear relations between geometric vectors, scalars, and other tensors.
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Thompson groups
In mathematics, the Thompson groups (also called Thompson's groups, vagabond groups or chameleon groups) are three groups, commonly denoted F \subseteq T \subseteq V, which were introduced by Richard Thompson in some unpublished handwritten notes in 1965 as a possible counterexample to von Neumann conjecture.
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Thompson sporadic group
In the area of modern algebra known as group theory, the Thompson group Th is a sporadic simple group of order.
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Tietze transformations
In group theory, Tietze transformations are used to transform a given presentation of a group into another, often simpler presentation of the same group.
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Tits group
In the area of modern algebra known as group theory, the Tits group 2F4(2)′, named for Jacques Tits, is a finite simple group of order It is sometimes considered a 27th sporadic group.
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Todd–Coxeter algorithm
In group theory, the Todd–Coxeter algorithm, created by J. A. Todd and H. S. M. Coxeter in 1936, is an algorithm for solving the coset enumeration problem.
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Topological group
In mathematics, a topological group is a group G together with a topology on G such that the group's binary operation and the group's inverse function are continuous functions with respect to the topology.
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Torsion subgroup
In the theory of abelian groups, the torsion subgroup AT of an abelian group A is the subgroup of A consisting of all elements that have finite order (the torsion elements of A).
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Transfer (group theory)
In the mathematical field of group theory, the transfer defines, given a group G and a subgroup of finite index H, a group homomorphism from G to the abelianization of H. It can be used in conjunction with the Sylow theorems to obtain certain numerical results on the existence of finite simple groups.
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Transversal (combinatorics)
In mathematics, given a family of sets, here called a collection C, a transversal (also called a cross-section) is a set containing exactly one element from each member of the collection.
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Triple DES
In cryptography, Triple DES (3DES), officially the Triple Data Encryption Algorithm (TDEA or Triple DEA), is a symmetric-key block cipher, which applies the DES cipher algorithm three times to each data block.
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Up to
In mathematics, the phrase up to appears in discussions about the elements of a set (say S), and the conditions under which subsets of those elements may be considered equivalent.
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Vector space
A vector space (also called a linear space) is a collection of objects called vectors, which may be added together and multiplied ("scaled") by numbers, called scalars.
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Wallpaper group
A wallpaper group (or plane symmetry group or plane crystallographic group) is a mathematical classification of a two-dimensional repetitive pattern, based on the symmetries in the pattern.
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Walter Feit
Walter Feit (October 26, 1930 – July 29, 2004) was an American mathematician who worked in finite group theory and representation theory.
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Weyl group
In mathematics, in particular the theory of Lie algebras, the Weyl group of a root system Φ is a subgroup of the isometry group of the root system.
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Whitehead problem
In group theory, a branch of abstract algebra, the Whitehead problem is the following question: Shelah (1974) proved that Whitehead's problem is undecidable within standard ZFC set theory.
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Wilhelm Magnus
Wilhelm Magnus (February 5, 1907, Berlin, Germany – October 15, 1990, New Rochelle, NY) was a German American mathematician.
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William Burnside
(William Snow Burnside was an Irish mathematician, often confused with the English mathematician.) William Burnside (2 July 1852 – 21 August 1927) was an English mathematician.
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Word problem for groups
In mathematics, especially in the area of abstract algebra known as combinatorial group theory, the word problem for a finitely generated group G is the algorithmic problem of deciding whether two words in the generators represent the same element.
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Wreath product
In mathematics, the wreath product of group theory is a specialized product of two groups, based on a semidirect product.
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Zassenhaus lemma
In mathematics, the butterfly lemma or Zassenhaus lemma, named after Hans Zassenhaus, is a technical result on the lattice of subgroups of a group or the lattice of submodules of a module, or more generally for any modular lattice.
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Zvonimir Janko
Zvonimir Janko (born 26 November 1932) is a Croatian mathematician who is the eponym of the Janko groups, sporadic simple groups in group theory.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_group_theory_topics
