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List of vacuum tubes

Index List of vacuum tubes

This is a list of vacuum tubes or thermionic valves, and low-pressure gas-filled tubes, or discharge tubes. [1]

439 relations: A.C. Cossor, Accelerometer, Acorn tube, Actinism, Additron tube, AEG, Ahura Mazda, Aircraft station, All American Five, Alpha particle, Ampeg, Amperex Electronic, Analog computer, Analog high-definition television system, Analog multiplier, Analog television, Antimony, Argon, Artillery, Audion, Automatic frequency control, Automotive battery, Avionics, Backward-wave oscillator, Ball grid array, Bang–bang control, Barium, Battery eliminator, Bayonet mount, Beam deflection tube, Beam tetrode, Bell System, Bendix Corporation, Beryllium oxide, Beta particle, Bridge circuit, British Thomson-Houston, Burroughs Corporation, C. E. Wynn-Williams, C. Lorenz AG, Caesium, Call signs in the United Kingdom, Call signs in the United States, Candela, Carburizing, Carry (arithmetic), Cartesian coordinate system, Cascode, Cathode ray, Cathode ray tube, ..., Cavendish Laboratory, Cavity magnetron, CBS, Channel bank, Character generator, Charactron, Chrominance, Clipper (electronics), Coaxial cable, Coincidence circuit, Cold cathode, Color television, Compactron, Composite video, Computer, Computer memory, Continental Electronics, Control grid, Crossed-field amplifier, Crystal oscillator, Current source, Cut-off (electronics), Cycle per second, Decimal separator, Dekatron, Detector (radio), DIAC, Diode, Direction finding, Doherty amplifier, Dosimeter, Dot-matrix display, Dry cell, DuMont Laboratories, Duplexer, Dynatron oscillator, Dynode, EBCDIC, Edison and Swan Electric Light Company, Edison screw, EF50, EF86, EG&G, EIA standards, Eimac, Einheitsempfänger, EL34, EL84, Electrical reactance, Electromagnetic shielding, Electrometer, Electron gun, Electronic anticoincidence, Electronic Industries Alliance, Electronics (magazine), Electronvolt, Electrostatic deflection, Elevator, Elmer T. Cunningham, Ericsson, Ericsson Telephones Limited, Ernest Rutherford, Exponential decay, Faravahar, Fax, Federal Telegraph Company, Ferguson Electronics, Ferranti, Flashtube, Flip-flop (electronics), Flyback transformer, Flying-spot scanner, Fourteen-segment display, Franzis Verlag, Freeze-frame shot, Frequency counter, Frequency mixer, Fused quartz, Futura (typeface), G-force, Gain (electronics), Gamma correction, Gamma ray, Gas laser, Gas-filled tube, Gaseous ionization detectors, Gate turn-off thyristor, Gauss (unit), Geiger–Müller tube, General Electric, General Electric Company, General Post Office, Genlock, Georg Neumann, Getter, Gibson, Glass-to-metal seal, Glowing plate, GOST, Gray (unit), Grid-leak detector, GU-50, Gustave-Auguste Ferrié, H. J. Round, Half-life, Hearing aid, Henri Abraham, High fidelity, High voltage, Hot cathode, Hot spare, Hot-filament ionization gauge, Hughes Aircraft Company, IBM, Ignitron, Image intensifier, In-phase and quadrature components, Incandescent light bulb, Inclinometer, Indian-head test pattern, Induction hardening, Induction heating, Inductive output tube, Infrared, Institute of Radio Engineers, Instrumentation, Interferometry, Intermediate frequency, Internal resistance, International Electrotechnical Commission, Iron–hydrogen resistor, Irving Langmuir, Isotopes of radium, ITT Inc., Ivry-sur-Seine, James Chadwick, Japanese Industrial Standards, JEDEC, Joule, Jukebox, K band (IEEE), Klystron, Kosmos (publisher), Krypton, Krytron, KT66, KT88, KT90, La Compagnie des Lampes, Laser, LC circuit, Lead glass, Lead(II) oxide, Lead(II) sulfide, Lead–acid battery, Leclanché cell, Lee de Forest, Loewe 3NF, Long line (telecommunications), Longwave, Luma (video), Lumen (unit), Lyon, Machlett Laboratories, Magic eye tube, Magnetometer, Marconi-Osram Valve, Mazda (light bulb), Mechanical counter, Mercury-arc valve, Metric prefix, Mica, Microphone preamplifier, Microphonics, Micropup, Missile, Molybdenum, Monoscope, Moscow Electric Lamp Plant, Mullard, Mullard–Philips tube designation, Multimeter, Multiplexed display, NAND gate, NATO Stock Number, Neon lamp, Nernst glower, Neumann U47, Neutron, Nickel, Nickel–cadmium battery, Night vision, Nimo tube, Nixie tube, Nobel Prize in Physics, Noise (electronics), Noise figure, Noise generator, Noise reduction, Nonode, North America, NTSC, Numerical control, Nuvistor, NXP Semiconductors, Open joint-stock company, Optical sound, Oscilloscope, Output transformerless, Parametric oscillator, Peak inverse voltage, Pentagrid converter, Pentode, PH meter, Phase detector, Phase-locked loop, Phenol formaldehyde resin, Philco, Philips, Phosphor, Photocathode, Photomultiplier, Photon counting, Photoresistor, Phototube, Pilot signal, Pixel, Plan position indicator, Plasma display, Potassium, Prescaler, Printed circuit board, Pro Electron, QST, Radar display, Radio control, Radio frequency, Radio-controlled model, Radiosonde, Radiotechnique, Raytheon, RC circuit, RCA, Rectifier, Reflex receiver, Regenerative circuit, Reginald Fessenden, Relaxation oscillator, Relay, Repeater, Reticle, RETMA tube designation, Rogers Vacuum Tube Company, Root mean square, Royal Society, S band, Scintillation counter, SCR-268 radar, SCR-270, SECAM, Second source, Secondary emission, Selectron tube, Semiconductor, Sensor, Seven-segment display, Shift register, Shortwave radio, Siemens, Siemens (unit), Sodium, Sovtek, Spark gap, Spectrophotometry, Square (algebra), Squelch, Standard Telephones and Cables, Stencil, Storage tube, Strobe light, Submarine communications cable, Subset, Super high frequency, Superheterodyne receiver, Surge arrester, Sutton tube, Svetlana (company), Switch, SY4307A, Sylvania Electric Products, Tantalum, Tape recorder, Tektronix, Telecine, Telecommunication, Telefunken, Television set, Tesla (Czechoslovak company), Test card, Test probe, Tetrode, Text mode, Thermographic camera, Thomson-Houston Electric Company, Thorium, Thyratron, Timor, Top cap, Toshiba, Touch switch, Transconductance, Traveling-wave tube, Trigatron, Triode, Triple Entente, Tritium, True RMS converter, Tuned radio frequency receiver, Tung-Sol, Tungsram, Tungsten, Ultra high frequency, Ultraviolet, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Unitra, Vacuum fluorescent display, Vacuum tube, Vacuum variable capacitor, Valve audio amplifier, Valve microphone, Valve RF amplifier, Variable-gain amplifier, Vehicle audio, Very high frequency, Vibrator (electronic), Video camera tube, Video RAM (dual-ported DRAM), Vishay Intertechnology, Voltage doubler, Voltage regulator, Voltage-regulator tube, Voltameter, VU meter, Walkie-talkie, Waveguide, WD-11, Western Electric, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, White noise, Williams tube, WLW, World War II, Wunderlich (vacuum tube), X band, X-ray, X-ray image intensifier, Xenon, Zener diode, 12AT7, 12AU7, 12AX7, 1L6, 23-centimeter band, 25L6, 300B, 4-1000A, 5751, 5Y3, 6AK5, 6AQ5, 6DJ8, 6L6, 6N14P, 6N1P, 6N24P, 6N2P, 6N3P, 6P1P, 6SN7, 6V6, 7199, 7AK7, 7JP4, 807 (vacuum tube), 833A, 845 (vacuum tube), 866A, 8974, 955 acorn triode. Expand index (389 more) »

A.C. Cossor

A.C. Cossor Ltd. was a British electronics company founded in 1859.

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Accelerometer

An accelerometer is a device that measures proper acceleration.

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Acorn tube

The 955 is typical of the acorn designs, named for the glass cap holding the terminals with the main part of the tube extending from it. An acorn tube, or acorn valve, refers to any member of a family of VHF/UHF vacuum tubes starting just before World War II.

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Actinism

Actinism is the property of solar radiation that leads to the production of photochemical and photobiological effects.

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Additron tube

The Additron was an electron tube designed by Dr.

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AEG

Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft AG (AEG) (German: "General electricity company") was a German producer of electrical equipment founded as the Deutsche Edison-Gesellschaft für angewandte Elektricität in 1883 in Berlin by Emil Rathenau.

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Ahura Mazda

Ahura Mazda (also known as Ohrmazd, Ahuramazda, Hourmazd, Hormazd, Harzoo and Hurmuz) is the Avestan name for the creator and sole God of Zoroastrianism, the old Iranian religion that spread across the Middle East, before ultimately being relegated to small minorities after the Muslim conquest of Iran.

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Aircraft station

An aircraft station (also aircraft radio station) is – according to Article 1.83 of the International Telecommunication Union´s (ITU) ITU Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as "A mobile radio station in the aeronautical mobile service, other than survival craft station, located on board an aircraft".

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All American Five

The term All American Five (abbreviated AA5) is a colloquial name for mass-produced, superheterodyne radio receivers that used five vacuum tubes in their design.

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Alpha particle

Alpha particles consist of two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle identical to a helium-4 nucleus.

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Ampeg

Ampeg is a manufacturer of musical instruments, especially the musical instrument amplifier, established by Everett Hull and Stanley Michaels in 1946.

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Amperex Electronic

Amperex Electronic Corporation was a manufacturer of vacuum tubes and semiconductors.

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Analog computer

An analog computer or analogue computer is a form of computer that uses the continuously changeable aspects of physical phenomena such as electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic quantities to model the problem being solved.

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Analog high-definition television system

Analog high-definition television was an analog video broadcast television system developed in the 1930s to replace early experimental systems with as few as 12-lines.

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Analog multiplier

In electronics, an analog multiplier is a device which takes two analog signals and produces an output which is their product.

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Analog television

Analog television or analogue television is the original television technology that uses analog signals to transmit video and audio.

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Antimony

Antimony is a chemical element with symbol Sb (from stibium) and atomic number 51.

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Argon

Argon is a chemical element with symbol Ar and atomic number 18.

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Artillery

Artillery is a class of large military weapons built to fire munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry's small arms.

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Audion

The Audion was an electronic detecting or amplifying vacuum tube invented by American electrical engineer Lee de Forest in 1906.

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Automatic frequency control

In radio equipment, Automatic Frequency Control (AFC), also called Automatic Fine Tuning (AFT), is a method or circuit to automatically keep a resonant circuit tuned to the frequency of an incoming radio signal.

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Automotive battery

An automotive battery is a rechargeable battery that supplies electrical current to a motor vehicle.

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Avionics

Avionics are the electronic systems used on aircraft, artificial satellites, and spacecraft.

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Backward-wave oscillator

A backward wave oscillator (BWO), also called carcinotron (a trade name for tubes manufactured by CSF, now Thales) or backward wave tube, is a vacuum tube that is used to generate microwaves up to the terahertz range.

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Ball grid array

A ball grid array (BGA) is a type of surface-mount packaging (a chip carrier) used for integrated circuits.

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Bang–bang control

In control theory, a bang–bang controller (2 step or on–off controller), also known as a hysteresis controller, is a feedback controller that switches abruptly between two states.

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Barium

Barium is a chemical element with symbol Ba and atomic number 56.

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Battery eliminator

A battery eliminator is a device powered by an electrical source other than a battery, which then converts the source to a suitable DC voltage that may be used by a second device designed to be powered by batteries.

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Bayonet mount

A bayonet mount (mainly as a method of mechanical attachment, as for fitting a lens to a camera) or bayonet connector (for electrical use) is a fastening mechanism consisting of a cylindrical male side with one or more radial pins, and a female receptor with matching L-shaped slot(s) and with spring(s) to keep the two parts locked together.

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Beam deflection tube

Beam deflection tubes, sometimes known as sheet beam tubes, are vacuum tubes with an electron gun, a beam intensity control grid, a screen grid, sometimes a suppressor grid, and two electrostatic deflection electrodes on opposite sides of the electron beam, that can direct the rectangular beam to either of two anodes in the same plane.

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Beam tetrode

A beam tetrode, sometimes called a "beam power tube", is a type of tetrode vacuum tube (or 'valve') with auxiliary beam-focusing plates designed to augment power-handling capability and help reduce unwanted emission effects.

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Bell System

The Bell System was the system of companies, led by the Bell Telephone Company and later by AT&T, which provided telephone services to much of the United States and Canada from 1877 to 1984, at various times as a monopoly.

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Bendix Corporation

The Bendix Corporation was an American manufacturing and engineering company which during various times in its 60-year existence (1924–1983) made automotive brake shoes and systems, vacuum tubes, aircraft brakes, aeronautical hydraulics and electric power systems, avionics, aircraft and automobile fuel control systems, radios, televisions and computers.

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Beryllium oxide

Beryllium oxide (BeO), also known as beryllia, is an inorganic compound with the formula BeO.

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Beta particle

A beta particle, also called beta ray or beta radiation, (symbol β) is a high-energy, high-speed electron or positron emitted by the radioactive decay of an atomic nucleus during the process of beta decay.

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Bridge circuit

A bridge circuit is a topology of electrical circuitry in which two circuit branches (usually in parallel with each other) are "bridged" by a third branch connected between the first two branches at some intermediate point along them.

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British Thomson-Houston

British Thomson-Houston (BTH) was a British engineering and heavy industrial company, based at Rugby, Warwickshire, England and founded as a subsidiary of the General Electric Company (GE) of Schenectady, New York, USA.

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Burroughs Corporation

The Burroughs Corporation was a major American manufacturer of business equipment.

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C. E. Wynn-Williams

Charles Eryl Wynn-Williams (5 March 1903 – 30 August 1979), was a Welsh physicist, noted for his research on electronic instrumentation for use in nuclear physics.

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C. Lorenz AG

C.

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Caesium

Caesium (British spelling and IUPAC spelling) or cesium (American spelling) is a chemical element with symbol Cs and atomic number 55.

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Call signs in the United Kingdom

Call signs in United Kingdom include a three letter country code, and a series of letters and numbers.

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Call signs in the United States

Call signs in the United States are identifiers assigned to radio and television stations, which are issued by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).

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Candela

The candela (or; symbol: cd) is the base unit of luminous intensity in the International System of Units (SI); that is, luminous power per unit solid angle emitted by a point light source in a particular direction.

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Carburizing

Carburizing, carburising (chiefly English), or carburization is a heat treatment process in which iron or steel absorbs carbon while the metal is heated in the presence of a carbon-bearing material, such as charcoal or carbon monoxide.

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Carry (arithmetic)

In elementary arithmetic, a carry is a digit that is transferred from one column of digits to another column of more significant digits.

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Cartesian coordinate system

A Cartesian coordinate system is a coordinate system that specifies each point uniquely in a plane by a pair of numerical coordinates, which are the signed distances to the point from two fixed perpendicular directed lines, measured in the same unit of length.

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Cascode

The cascode is a two-stage amplifier that consists of a common-emitter stage feeding into a common-base stage.

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Cathode ray

Cathode rays (also called an electron beam or e-beam) are streams of electrons observed in vacuum tubes.

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Cathode ray tube

The cathode ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube that contains one or more electron guns and a phosphorescent screen, and is used to display images.

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Cavendish Laboratory

The Cavendish Laboratory is the Department of Physics at the University of Cambridge, and is part of the School of Physical Sciences.

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Cavity magnetron

The cavity magnetron is a high-powered vacuum tube that generates microwaves using the interaction of a stream of electrons with a magnetic field while moving past a series of open metal cavities (cavity resonators).

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CBS

CBS (an initialism of the network's former name, the Columbia Broadcasting System) is an American English language commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation.

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Channel bank

In telecommunications, a channel bank is a device that performs multiplexing or demultiplexing ("demux") of a group of communications channels, such as analog or digital telephone lines, into one channel of higher bandwidth or higher digital bit rate, such as a DS-1 (T1) circuit, so that all the channels can be sent simultaneously over a single cable called a trunkline.

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Character generator

A character generator, often abbreviated as CG, is a device or software that produces static or animated text (such as news crawls and credits rolls) for keying into a video stream.

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Charactron

Charactron was a U.S. registered trademark (number 0585950, 23 February 1954) of Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corporation (Convair) for its shaped electron beam cathode ray tube.

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Chrominance

Chrominance (chroma or C for short) is the signal used in video systems to convey the color information of the picture, separately from the accompanying luma signal (or Y for short).

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Clipper (electronics)

In electronics, a clipper is a device designed to prevent the output of a circuit from exceeding a predetermined voltage level without distorting the remaining part of the applied waveform.

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Coaxial cable

Cross-sectional view of a coaxial cable Coaxial cable, or coax (pronounced), is a type of electrical cable that has an inner conductor surrounded by a tubular insulating layer, surrounded by a tubular conducting shield.

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Coincidence circuit

In physics, a coincidence circuit is an electronic device with one output and two (or more) inputs.

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Cold cathode

A cold cathode is a cathode that is not electrically heated by a filament.

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Color television

Color/Colour television is a television transmission technology that includes information on the color of the picture, so the video image can be displayed in color on the television set.

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Compactron

Compactrons are a type of thermionic valve, or vacuum tube, which contain multiple electrode structures packed into a single enclosure.

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Composite video

Composite video (one channel) is an analog video transmission (without audio) that carries standard definition video typically at 480i or 576i resolution.

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Computer

A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically via computer programming.

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Computer memory

In computing, memory refers to the computer hardware integrated circuits that store information for immediate use in a computer; it is synonymous with the term "primary storage".

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Continental Electronics

Continental Electronics is a major American manufacturer of broadcast and military radio transmitters, based in Dallas, Texas.

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Control grid

The control grid is an electrode used in amplifying thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) such as the triode, tetrode and pentode, used to control the flow of electrons from the cathode to the anode (plate) electrode.

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Crossed-field amplifier

A crossed-field amplifier (CFA) is a specialized vacuum tube, first introduced in the mid-1950s and frequently used as a microwave amplifier in very-high-power transmitters.

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Crystal oscillator

A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a precise frequency.

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Current source

A current source is an electronic circuit that delivers or absorbs an electric current which is independent of the voltage across it.

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Cut-off (electronics)

In electronics, cut-off is a state of negligible conduction that is a property of several types of electronic components when a control parameter (that usually is a well-defined voltage or electric current, but could also be an incident light intensity or a magnetic field), is lowered or increased past a value (the conduction threshold).

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Cycle per second

The cycle per second was a once-common English name for the unit of frequency now known as the hertz.

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Decimal separator

A decimal separator is a symbol used to separate the integer part from the fractional part of a number written in decimal form.

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Dekatron

In electronics, a Dekatron (or Decatron, or generically three-phase gas counting tube or glow-transfer counting tube or cold cathode tube) is a gas-filled decade counting tube.

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Detector (radio)

In radio, a detector is a device or circuit that extracts information from a modulated radio frequency current or voltage.

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DIAC

The DIAC is a diode that conducts electrical current only after its breakover voltage, VBO, has been reached momentarily.

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Diode

A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts current primarily in one direction (asymmetric conductance); it has low (ideally zero) resistance in one direction, and high (ideally infinite) resistance in the other.

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Direction finding

Direction finding (DF), or radio direction finding (RDF), is the measurement of the direction from which a received signal was transmitted.

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Doherty amplifier

The Doherty amplifier is a modified class B radio frequency amplifier invented by William H. Doherty of Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc in 1936.

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Dosimeter

A radiation dosimeter is a device that measures exposure to ionizing radiation.

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Dot-matrix display

A dot-matrix display is a display device used to display information on machines, clocks, railway departure indicators and many other devices requiring a simple display device of limited resolution.

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Dry cell

A dry cell is a type of battery, commonly used for portable electrical devices.

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DuMont Laboratories

DuMont Laboratories was an American television equipment manufacturer.

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Duplexer

A duplexer is an electronic device that allows bi-directional (duplex) communication over a single path.

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Dynatron oscillator

In electronics, the dynatron oscillator, invented in 1918 by Albert Hull at General Electric, is an obsolete vacuum tube electronic oscillator circuit which uses a negative resistance characteristic in early tetrode vacuum tubes, caused by a process called secondary emission.

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Dynode

A dynode is an electrode in a vacuum tube that serves as an electron multiplier through secondary emission.

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EBCDIC

Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC) is an eight-bit character encoding used mainly on IBM mainframe and IBM midrange computer operating systems.

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Edison and Swan Electric Light Company

The Edison and Swan Electric Light Company Limited was a manufacturer of incandescent lamp bulbs and other electrical goods.

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Edison screw

Edison screw (ES) is a standard socket for light bulbs in North America.

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EF50

In the field of electronics, the EF50 is an early all-glass wideband remote cutoff pentode designed in 1938 by Philips.

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EF86

The EF86 is a high transconductance sharp cutoff pentode vacuum tube with Noval (B9A) base for audio-frequency applications.

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EG&G

EG&G, formally known as Edgerton, Germeshausen, and Grier, Inc., was a United States national defense contractor and provider of management and technical services.

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EIA standards

Here is a list of Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) Standards.

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Eimac

Eimac is a trade mark of Eimac Products, part of the Microwave Power Products Division of Communications & Power Industries.

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Einheitsempfänger

In August 1939, Nazi Germany introduced the Einheits-Fernseh-Empfänger E1 (i.e. Unitary-TV-receiver E1), also called Volksfernseher (i.e. People's TV), a 441-line, 50 interlaced frames per second television system.

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EL34

The EL34 is a thermionic valve or vacuum tube of the power pentode type.

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EL84

The EL84 is a thermionic valve of the power pentode type.

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Electrical reactance

In electrical and electronic systems, reactance is the opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance.

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Electromagnetic shielding

Electromagnetic shielding is the practice of reducing the electromagnetic field in a space by blocking the field with barriers made of conductive or magnetic materials.

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Electrometer

An electrometer is an electrical instrument for measuring electric charge or electrical potential difference.

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Electron gun

An electron gun (also called electron emitter) is an electrical component in some vacuum tubes that produces a narrow, collimated electron beam that has a precise kinetic energy.

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Electronic anticoincidence

Electronic anticoincidence is a method (and its associated hardware) widely used to suppress unwanted, "background" events in high energy physics, experimental particle physics, gamma-ray spectroscopy, gamma-ray astronomy, experimental nuclear physics, and related fields.

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Electronic Industries Alliance

The Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA; until 1997 Electronic Industries Association) was a standards and trade organization composed as an alliance of trade associations for electronics manufacturers in the United States.

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Electronics (magazine)

Electronics was an American trade journal that covered the radio industry and its later spin-offs in the mid-to-late 20th century.

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Electronvolt

In physics, the electronvolt (symbol eV, also written electron-volt and electron volt) is a unit of energy equal to approximately joules (symbol J).

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Electrostatic deflection

Electrostatic deflection refers to a technique for modifying the path of a beam of charged particles by the use of an electric field applied transverse to the path of the particles.

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Elevator

An elevator (US and Canada) or lift (UK, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, and South Africa, Nigeria) is a type of vertical transportation that moves people or goods between floors (levels, decks) of a building, vessel, or other structure.

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Elmer T. Cunningham

Elmer Tiling Cunningham (September 1, 1889 – June 14, 1965) was an American entrepreneur and businessman, specializing in vacuum tubes and radio manufacturing.

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Ericsson

Ericsson (Telefonaktiebolaget L. M. Ericsson) is a Swedish multinational networking and telecommunications company headquartered in Stockholm.

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Ericsson Telephones Limited

Ericsson Telephones Limited (ETL) was a British telephone equipment manufacturer based in Beeston.

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Ernest Rutherford

Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, HFRSE LLD (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937) was a New Zealand-born British physicist who came to be known as the father of nuclear physics.

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Exponential decay

A quantity is subject to exponential decay if it decreases at a rate proportional to its current value.

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Faravahar

The Faravahar (فروهر), also known as Farr-e Kiyani (فر کیانی), is one of the best-known symbols of Iran.

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Fax

Fax (short for facsimile), sometimes called telecopying or telefax (the latter short for telefacsimile), is the telephonic transmission of scanned printed material (both text and images), normally to a telephone number connected to a printer or other output device.

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Federal Telegraph Company

The Federal Telegraph Company was a United States manufacturing and communications company that played a pivotal role in the 20th century in the development of radio communications.

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Ferguson Electronics

Ferguson Electronics (formerly known as Ferguson Radio Corporation) is an electronics company specializing in small electronics items such as radios and set top boxes.

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Ferranti

Ferranti or Ferranti International plc was a UK electrical engineering and equipment firm that operated for over a century from 1885 until it went bankrupt in 1993.

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Flashtube

A flashtube, also called a flashlamp, is an electric arc lamp designed to produce extremely intense, incoherent, full-spectrum white light for very short durations.

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Flip-flop (electronics)

In electronics, a flip-flop or latch is a circuit that has two stable states and can be used to store state information.

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Flyback transformer

A flyback transformer (FBT), also called a line output transformer (LOPT), is a special type of electrical transformer.

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Flying-spot scanner

A flying-spot scanner (FSS) uses a scanning source of a spot of light, such as a high-resolution, high-light-output, low-persistence cathode ray tube (CRT), to scan an image.

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Fourteen-segment display

A fourteen-segment display (FSD) (sometimes referred to as a starburst display or Union Jack display) is a type of display based on 14 segments that can be turned on or off to produce letters and numerals.

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Franzis Verlag

The Franzis Verlag GmbH is a German publisher based in Haar, Germany and part of the WEKA Mediengruppe.

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Freeze-frame shot

In film and video, a freeze frame is when a single frame of content shows repeatedly on the screen—"freezing" the action.

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Frequency counter

A frequency counter is an electronic instrument, or component of one, that is used for measuring frequency.

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Frequency mixer

In electronics, a mixer, or frequency mixer, is a nonlinear electrical circuit that creates new frequencies from two signals applied to it.

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Fused quartz

Fused quartz or fused silica is glass consisting of silica in amorphous (non-crystalline) form.

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Futura (typeface)

Futura is a geometric sans-serif typeface designed by Paul Renner and released in 1927.

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G-force

The gravitational force, or more commonly, g-force, is a measurement of the type of acceleration that causes a perception of weight.

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Gain (electronics)

In electronics, gain is a measure of the ability of a two-port circuit (often an amplifier) to increase the power or amplitude of a signal from the input to the output port by adding energy converted from some power supply to the signal.

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Gamma correction

Gamma correction, or often simply gamma, is a nonlinear operation used to encode and decode luminance or tristimulus values in video or still image systems.

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Gamma ray

A gamma ray or gamma radiation (symbol γ or \gamma), is penetrating electromagnetic radiation arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei.

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Gas laser

A gas laser is a laser in which an electric current is discharged through a gas to produce coherent light.

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Gas-filled tube

A gas-filled tube, also known as a discharge tube, is an arrangement of electrodes in a gas within an insulating, temperature-resistant envelope.

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Gaseous ionization detectors

Gaseous ionization detectors are radiation detection instruments used in particle physics to detect the presence of ionizing particles, and in radiation protection applications to measure ionizing radiation.

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Gate turn-off thyristor

A gate turn-off thyristor (GTO) is a special type of thyristor, which is a high-power semiconductor device.

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Gauss (unit)

The gauss, abbreviated as G or Gs, is the cgs unit of measurement of magnetic flux density (or "magnetic induction") (B).

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Geiger–Müller tube

The Geiger–Müller tube or G–M tube is the sensing element of the Geiger counter instrument used for the detection of ionizing radiation.

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General Electric

General Electric Company (GE) is an American multinational conglomerate incorporated in New York and headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts.

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General Electric Company

The General Electric Company, or GEC, was a major UK-based industrial conglomerate involved in consumer and defence electronics, communications, and engineering.

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General Post Office

The General Post Office (GPO) was officially established in England in 1660 by Charles II and it eventually grew to combine the functions of state postal system and telecommunications carrier.

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Genlock

Genlock (generator locking) is a common technique where the video output of one source, or a specific reference signal from a signal generator, is used to synchronize other picture sources together.

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Georg Neumann

Georg Neumann GmbH (Neumann), founded in 1928 and based in Berlin, Germany, is a prominent manufacturer of professional recording microphones.

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Getter

A getter is a deposit of reactive material that is placed inside a vacuum system, for the purpose of completing and maintaining the vacuum.

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Gibson

Gibson Brands, Inc. (formerly Gibson Guitar Corp.) is an American manufacturer of guitars, other musical instruments, and consumer and professional electronics from Kalamazoo, Michigan and now based in Nashville, Tennessee.

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Glass-to-metal seal

Glass-to-metal seals are a very important element of the construction of vacuum tubes, electric discharge tubes, incandescent light bulbs, glass encapsulated semiconductor diodes, reed switches, pressure tight glass windows in metal cases, and metal or ceramic packages of electronic components.

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Glowing plate

When a vacuum tube circuit malfunctions and draws excessive current, the anode ("plate") may overheat, sometimes causing a visible red or orange glow.

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GOST

GOST (Russian: ГОСТ) refers to a set of technical standards maintained by the Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (EASC), a regional standards organization operating under the auspices of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).

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Gray (unit)

The gray (symbol: Gy) is a derived unit of ionizing radiation dose in the International System of Units (SI).

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Grid-leak detector

A grid leak detector is an electronic circuit that demodulates an amplitude modulated alternating current and amplifies the recovered modulating voltage.

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GU-50

The GU-50 (Russian: ГУ-50) is a power pentode vacuum tube intended for 50 watt operation as a linear RF amplifier on frequencies up to 120 MHz.

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Gustave-Auguste Ferrié

Gustave-Auguste Ferrié (19 November 1868 – 16 February 1932) was a French radio pioneer and army general.

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H. J. Round

Captain Henry Joseph Round (2 June 1881 – 17 August 1966) was an English engineer and one of the early pioneers of radio.

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Half-life

Half-life (symbol t1⁄2) is the time required for a quantity to reduce to half its initial value.

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Hearing aid

A hearing aid is a device designed to improve hearing by making sound audible to a person with hearing loss.

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Henri Abraham

Henri Abraham (1868–1943) was a French physicist who made important contributions to the science of radio waves.

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High fidelity

High fidelity (often shortened to hi-fi or hifi) is a term used by listeners, audiophiles and home audio enthusiasts to refer to high-quality reproduction of sound.

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High voltage

The term high voltage usually means electrical energy at voltages high enough to inflict harm on living organisms.

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Hot cathode

In vacuum tubes and gas-filled tubes, a hot cathode or thermionic cathode is a cathode electrode which is heated to make it emit electrons due to thermionic emission.

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Hot spare

A hot spare or warm spare or hot standby is used as a failover mechanism to provide reliability in system configurations.

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Hot-filament ionization gauge

The hot-filament ionization gauge, sometimes called a hot-filament gauge or hot-cathode gauge, is the most widely used low-pressure (vacuum) measuring device for the region from 10−3 to 10−10 Torr.

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Hughes Aircraft Company

The Hughes Aircraft Company was a major American aerospace and defense contractor founded in 1932 by Howard Hughes in Glendale, California as a division of Hughes Tool Company.

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IBM

The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States, with operations in over 170 countries.

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Ignitron

An ignitron is a type of gas-filled tube used as a controlled rectifier and dating from the 1930s.

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Image intensifier

An image intensifier or image intensifier tube is a vacuum tube device for increasing the intensity of available light in an optical system to allow use under low-light conditions, such as at night, to facilitate visual imaging of low-light processes, such as fluorescence of materials in X-rays or gamma rays (X-ray image intensifier), or for conversion of non-visible light sources, such as near-infrared or short wave infrared to visible.

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In-phase and quadrature components

In electrical engineering, a sinusoid with angle modulation can be decomposed into, or synthesized from, two amplitude-modulated sinusoids that are offset in phase by one-quarter cycle (/2 radians).

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Incandescent light bulb

An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light with a wire filament heated to such a high temperature that it glows with visible light (incandescence).

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Inclinometer

An inclinometer or clinometer is an instrument used for measuring angles of slope (or tilt), elevation, or depression of an object with respect to gravity.

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Indian-head test pattern

The Indian-head test pattern is a black and white television test pattern which was introduced in 1939 by RCA of Harrison, New Jersey as a part of the RCA TK-1 monoscope.

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Induction hardening

Induction hardening is a type of surface hardening in which a metal part is induction-heated and then quenched.

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Induction heating

Induction heating is the process of heating an electrically conducting object (usually a metal) by electromagnetic induction, through heat generated in the object by eddy currents.

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Inductive output tube

The inductive output tube (IOT) or klystrode is a variety of linear-beam vacuum tube, similar to a klystron, used as a power amplifier for high frequency radio waves.

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Infrared

Infrared radiation (IR) is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with longer wavelengths than those of visible light, and is therefore generally invisible to the human eye (although IR at wavelengths up to 1050 nm from specially pulsed lasers can be seen by humans under certain conditions). It is sometimes called infrared light.

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Institute of Radio Engineers

The Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) was a professional organization which existed from 1912 until December 31, 1962.

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Instrumentation

Instrumentation is a collective term for measuring instruments used for indicating, measuring and recording physical quantities, and has its origins in the art and science of scientific instrument-making.

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Interferometry

Interferometry is a family of techniques in which waves, usually electromagnetic waves, are superimposed causing the phenomenon of interference in order to extract information.

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Intermediate frequency

In communications and electronic engineering, an intermediate frequency (IF) is a frequency to which a carrier wave is shifted as an intermediate step in transmission or reception.

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Internal resistance

A practical electrical power source which is a linear electric circuit may, according to Thévenin's theorem, be represented as an ideal voltage source in series with an impedance.

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International Electrotechnical Commission

The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC; in French: Commission électrotechnique internationale) is an international standards organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies – collectively known as "electrotechnology".

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Iron–hydrogen resistor

An iron–hydrogen resistor consists of a hydrogen-filled glass bulb (similar to a light bulb), in which an iron wire is located.

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Irving Langmuir

Irving Langmuir (January 31, 1881 – August 16, 1957) was an American chemist and physicist.

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Isotopes of radium

Radium (88Ra) has no stable or nearly stable isotopes, and thus a standard atomic weight cannot be given.

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ITT Inc.

ITT Inc., formerly ITT Corporation, is an American worldwide manufacturing company based in White Plains, New York.

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Ivry-sur-Seine

Ivry-sur-Seine is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France.

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James Chadwick

Sir James Chadwick, (20 October 1891 – 24 July 1974) was an English physicist who was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the neutron in 1932.

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Japanese Industrial Standards

specifies the standards used for industrial activities in Japan.

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JEDEC

The JEDEC Solid State Technology Association is an independent semiconductor engineering trade organization and standardization body.

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Joule

The joule (symbol: J) is a derived unit of energy in the International System of Units.

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Jukebox

A jukebox is a partially automated music-playing device, usually a coin-operated machine, that will play a patron's selection from self-contained media.

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K band (IEEE)

The IEEE K band is a portion of the radio spectrum in the microwave range of frequencies from 18 to 27 gigahertz (GHz).

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Klystron

A klystron is a specialized linear-beam vacuum tube, invented in 1937 by American electrical engineers Russell and Sigurd Varian,Pond, Norman H. "The Tube Guys".

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Kosmos (publisher)

Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co. is a media publishing house based in Stuttgart, Germany, founded in 1822 by Johann Friedrich Franckh.

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Krypton

Krypton (from translit "the hidden one") is a chemical element with symbol Kr and atomic number 36.

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Krytron

The krytron is a cold-cathode gas-filled tube intended for use as a very high-speed switch, somewhat similar to the thyratron.

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KT66

KT66 is the designator for a beam tetrode vacuum tube introduced by Marconi-Osram Valve Co.

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KT88

The KT88 is a beam tetrode/kinkless tetrode (hence "KT") vacuum tube for audio amplification.

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KT90

The KT90 is a vacuum tube used in audio applications.

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La Compagnie des Lampes

La Compagnie des Lampes ("The Lamp Company") was the name of several French companies is the area of electrical products.

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Laser

A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation.

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LC circuit

An LC circuit, also called a resonant circuit, tank circuit, or tuned circuit, is an electric circuit consisting of an inductor, represented by the letter L, and a capacitor, represented by the letter C, connected together.

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Lead glass

Lead glass, commonly called crystal, is a variety of glass in which lead replaces the calcium content of a typical potash glass.

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Lead(II) oxide

Lead(II) oxide, also called lead monoxide, is the inorganic compound with the molecular formula PbO.

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Lead(II) sulfide

Lead(II) sulfide (also spelled sulphide) is an inorganic compound with the formula PbS.

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Lead–acid battery

The lead–acid battery was invented in 1859 by French physicist Gaston Planté and is the oldest type of rechargeable battery.

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Leclanché cell

The Leclanché cell is a battery invented and patented by the French scientist Georges Leclanché in 1866.

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Lee de Forest

Lee de Forest (August 26, 1873 – June 30, 1961) was an American inventor, self-described "Father of Radio", and a pioneer in the development of sound-on-film recording used for motion pictures.

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Loewe 3NF

The Loewe 3NF was an early attempt to combine several functions in one electronic device.

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Long line (telecommunications)

In telephone systems nomenclature, a long line is a transmission line in a long-distance communications network such as carrier systems, microwave radio relay links, geosynchronous satellite links, underground cables, aerial cables and open wire, and Submarine communications cables.

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Longwave

In radio, longwave, long wave or long-wave, and commonly abbreviated LW, refers to parts of the radio spectrum with wavelengths longer than what was originally called the medium-wave broadcasting band.

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Luma (video)

In video, luma represents the brightness in an image (the "black-and-white" or achromatic portion of the image).

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Lumen (unit)

The lumen (symbol: lm) is the SI derived unit of luminous flux, a measure of the total quantity of visible light emitted by a source.

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Lyon

Lyon (Liyon), is the third-largest city and second-largest urban area of France.

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Machlett Laboratories

Machlett Laboratories was a Northeastern United States-based company that manufactured X-ray and high-power vacuum tubes.

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Magic eye tube

A magic eye tube or tuning indicator, in technical literature called an electron-ray indicator tube, is a vacuum tube which gives a visual indication of the amplitude of an electronic signal, such as an audio output, radio-frequency signal strength, or other functions.

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Magnetometer

A magnetometer is an instrument that measures magnetism—either the magnetization of a magnetic material like a ferromagnet, or the direction, strength, or relative change of a magnetic field at a particular location.

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Marconi-Osram Valve

M-OV (Marconi-Osram Valve Company) was a British manufacturer of thermionic valves (vacuum tubes).

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Mazda (light bulb)

Mazda was a trademarked name registered by General Electric (GE) in 1909 for incandescent light bulbs.

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Mechanical counter

File:Teller (3).jpg|Mechanical counter wheels showing both sides.

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Mercury-arc valve

A mercury-arc valve or mercury-vapor rectifier or (UK) mercury-arc rectifier is a type of electrical rectifier used for converting high-voltage or high-current alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC).

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Metric prefix

A metric prefix is a unit prefix that precedes a basic unit of measure to indicate a multiple or fraction of the unit.

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Mica

The mica group of sheet silicate (phyllosilicate) minerals includes several closely related materials having nearly perfect basal cleavage.

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Microphone preamplifier

The term microphone preamplifier can either refer to the electronic circuitry within a microphone, or to a separate device or circuit that the microphone is connected to.

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Microphonics

Microphonics or microphony describes the phenomenon wherein certain components in electronic devices transform mechanical vibrations into an undesired electrical signal (noise).

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Micropup

In electronics, a micropup is a style of triode vacuum tube (valve) developed during Word War II for use at very high frequencies such as those used in radar.

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Missile

In modern language, a missile is a guided self-propelled system, as opposed to an unguided self-propelled munition, referred to as a rocket (although these too can also be guided).

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Molybdenum

Molybdenum is a chemical element with symbol Mo and atomic number 42.

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Monoscope

A monoscope was a special form of video camera tube which displayed a single still video image.

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Moscow Electric Lamp Plant

Moscow Electric Lamp Plant (Московский электроламповый завод) is a company based in Moscow, Russia.

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Mullard

Mullard Limited was a British manufacturer of electronic components.

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Mullard–Philips tube designation

In Europe, the principal method of numbering vacuum tubes ("thermionic valves") was the nomenclature used by the Philips company and its subsidiaries Mullard in the UK, Valvo(de, it) in Germany, Radiotechnique (Miniwatt-Dario brand) in France, and Amperex in the United States, from 1934 on.

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Multimeter

A multimeter or a multitester, also known as a VOM (volt-ohm-milliammeter), is an electronic measuring instrument that combines several measurement functions in one unit.

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Multiplexed display

Multiplexed displays are electronic display devices where the entire display is not driven at one time.

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NAND gate

In digital electronics, a NAND gate (NOT-AND) is a logic gate which produces an output which is false only if all its inputs are true; thus its output is complement to that of an AND gate.

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NATO Stock Number

A NATO Stock Number, or National Stock Number (NSN) as it is known in the US, is a 13-digit numeric code, identifying all the 'standardized material items of supply' as they have been recognized by all NATO countries including United States Department of Defense.

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Neon lamp

A neon lamp (also neon glow lamp) is a miniature gas discharge lamp.

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Nernst glower

The Nernst glower is an obsolete device for providing a continuous source of (near) infrared radiation for use in spectroscopy.

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Neumann U47

The U 47 was a large-diaphragm condenser microphone manufactured by Georg Neumann GmbH during the years 1949-1965.

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Neutron

| magnetic_moment.

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Nickel

Nickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28.

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Nickel–cadmium battery

The nickel–cadmium battery (NiCd battery or NiCad battery) is a type of rechargeable battery using nickel oxide hydroxide and metallic cadmium as electrodes.

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Night vision

Night vision is the ability to see in low-light conditions.

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Nimo tube

Nimo was the trademark of a family of very small non-standard CRTs manufactured by Industrial Electronics Engineers around mid-1960s, with 10 electron guns with stencils which shaped the electron beam as digits.

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Nixie tube

A Nixie tube, or cold cathode display, is an electronic device for displaying numerals or other information using glow discharge.

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Nobel Prize in Physics

The Nobel Prize in Physics (Nobelpriset i fysik) is a yearly award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who conferred the most outstanding contributions for mankind in the field of physics.

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Noise (electronics)

In electronics, noise is an unwanted disturbance in an electrical signal.

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Noise figure

Noise figure (NF) and noise factor (F) are measures of degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), caused by components in a signal chain.

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Noise generator

A noise generator is a circuit that produces electrical noise (i.e., a random signal).

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Noise reduction

Noise reduction is the process of removing noise from a signal.

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Nonode

A nonode is a type of thermionic valve that has nine active electrodes.

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North America

North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere; it is also considered by some to be a northern subcontinent of the Americas.

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NTSC

NTSC, named after the National Television System Committee,National Television System Committee (1951–1953),, 17 v. illus., diagrs., tables.

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Numerical control

Computer numerical control (CNC) is the automation of machine tools by means of computers executing pre-programmed sequences of machine control commands.

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Nuvistor

The nuvistor is a type of vacuum tube announced by RCA in 1959.

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NXP Semiconductors

NXP Semiconductors N.V. is a Dutch global semiconductor manufacturer headquartered in Eindhoven, Netherlands.

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Open joint-stock company

A public joint-stock company, abbreviated PJSC (Публичное акционерное общество, abbreviated ПАО) or open joint-stock company, abbreviated OJSC (Открытое акционерное общество, abbreviated ОАО), is a type of company in many successor states of the Soviet Union, in particular in Russia.

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Optical sound

Optical sound is a means of storing sound recordings on transparent film.

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Oscilloscope

An oscilloscope, previously called an oscillograph, and informally known as a scope or o-scope, CRO (for cathode-ray oscilloscope), or DSO (for the more modern digital storage oscilloscope), is a type of electronic test instrument that allows observation of varying signal voltages, usually as a two-dimensional plot of one or more signals as a function of time.

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Output transformerless

Output transformerless (OTL) is a term which describes a subset of vacuum tube audio power amplifier topologies, all of which omit an output transformer for the purpose of greater linearity and fidelity.

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Parametric oscillator

A parametric oscillator is a driven harmonic oscillator in which the oscillations are driven by varying some parameter of the system at some frequency, typically different from the natural frequency of the oscillator.

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Peak inverse voltage

The peak inverse voltage is either the specified maximum voltage that a diode rectifier can block, or, alternatively, the maximum voltage that a rectifier needs to block in a given circuit.

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Pentagrid converter

The pentagrid converter is a type of radio receiving valve (vacuum tube) with five grids used as the frequency mixer stage of a superheterodyne radio receiver.

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Pentode

A pentode is an electronic device having five active electrodes.

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PH meter

A pH meter is a scientific instrument that measures the hydrogen-ion activity in water-based solutions, indicating its acidity or alkalinity expressed as pH.

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Phase detector

A phase detector or phase comparator is a frequency mixer, analog multiplier or logic circuit that generates a voltage signal which represents the difference in phase between two signal inputs.

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Phase-locked loop

A phase-locked loop or phase lock loop abbreviated as PLL is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is related to the phase of an input signal.

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Phenol formaldehyde resin

Phenol formaldehyde resins (PF) or phenolic resins are synthetic polymers obtained by the reaction of phenol or substituted phenol with formaldehyde.

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Philco

Philco (founded as Helios Electric Company, renamed Philadelphia Storage Battery Company) was a pioneer in battery, radio, and television production.

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Philips

Koninklijke Philips N.V. (Philips, stylized as PHILIPS) is a Dutch multinational technology company headquartered in Amsterdam currently focused in the area of healthcare.

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Phosphor

A phosphor, most generally, is a substance that exhibits the phenomenon of luminescence.

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Photocathode

A photocathode is a negatively charged electrode in a light detection device such as a photomultiplier or phototube that is coated with a photosensitive compound.

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Photomultiplier

Photomultiplier tubes (photomultipliers or PMTs for short), members of the class of vacuum tubes, and more specifically vacuum phototubes, are extremely sensitive detectors of light in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum.

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Photon counting

Photon counting is a technique in which individual photons are counted using some single-photon detector (SPD).

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Photoresistor

A photoresistor (or light-dependent resistor, LDR, or photo-conductive cell) is a light-controlled variable resistor.

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Phototube

A phototube or photoelectric cell is a type of gas-filled or vacuum tube that is sensitive to light.

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Pilot signal

In telecommunications, a pilot signal is a signal, usually a single frequency, transmitted over a communications system for supervisory, control, equalization, continuity, synchronization, or reference purposes.

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Pixel

In digital imaging, a pixel, pel, dots, or picture element is a physical point in a raster image, or the smallest addressable element in an all points addressable display device; so it is the smallest controllable element of a picture represented on the screen.

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Plan position indicator

The plan position indicator (PPI), is the most common type of radar display.

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Plasma display

A plasma display panel (PDP) is a type of flat panel display common to large TV displays or larger.

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Potassium

Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number 19.

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Prescaler

A prescaler is an electronic counting circuit used to reduce a high frequency electrical signal to a lower frequency by integer division.

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Printed circuit board

A printed circuit board (PCB) mechanically supports and electrically connects electronic components or electrical components using conductive tracks, pads and other features etched from one or more sheet layers of copper laminated onto and/or between sheet layers of a non-conductive substrate.

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Pro Electron

Pro Electron or EECA is the European type designation and registration system for active components (such as semiconductors, liquid crystal displays, sensor devices, electronic tubes and cathode ray tubes).

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QST

QST is a magazine for amateur radio enthusiasts, published by the American Radio Relay League (ARRL).

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Radar display

A radar display is an electronic device to present radar data to the operator.

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Radio control

Radio control (often abbreviated to R/C or simply RC) is the use of radio signals to remotely control a device.

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Radio frequency

Radio frequency (RF) refers to oscillatory change in voltage or current in a circuit, waveguide or transmission line in the range extending from around twenty thousand times per second to around three hundred billion times per second, roughly between the upper limit of audio and the lower limit of infrared.

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Radio-controlled model

A radio-controlled model (or RC model) is a model that is steerable with the use of radio control.

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Radiosonde

A radiosonde is a battery-powered telemetry instrument package carried into the atmosphere usually by a weather balloon that measures various atmospheric parameters and transmits them by radio to a ground receiver.

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Radiotechnique

Radiotechnique (RT) was a French electronics company that made radio transmitting and receiving vacuum tubes, and later more advanced components such as integrated circuits and solar panels.

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Raytheon

The Raytheon Company is a major U.S. defense contractor and industrial corporation with core manufacturing concentrations in weapons and military and commercial electronics.

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RC circuit

A resistor–capacitor circuit (RC circuit), or RC filter or RC network, is an electric circuit composed of resistors and capacitors driven by a voltage or current source.

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RCA

The RCA Corporation was a major American electronics company, which was founded as the Radio Corporation of America in 1919.

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Rectifier

A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only one direction.

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Reflex receiver

A reflex radio receiver, occasionally called a reflectional receiver, is a radio receiver design in which the same amplifier is used to amplify the high-frequency radio signal (RF) and low-frequency audio (sound) signal (AF).

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Regenerative circuit

A regenerative circuit is an amplifier circuit that employs positive feedback (also known as regeneration); some of the output of the amplifying device is applied to its input without phase inversion, which reinforces the signal, increasing the amplification.

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Reginald Fessenden

Reginald Aubrey Fessenden (October 6, 1866 – July 22, 1932) was a Canadian-born inventor, who did a majority of his work in the United States and also claimed U.S. citizenship through his American-born father.

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Relaxation oscillator

In electronics a relaxation oscillator is a nonlinear electronic oscillator circuit that produces a nonsinusoidal repetitive output signal, such as a triangle wave or square wave.

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Relay

A relay is an electrically operated switch.

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Repeater

In telecommunications, a repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it.

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Reticle

A reticle, or reticule, also known as a graticule, is a pattern of fine lines or markings built into the eyepiece of a sighting device, such as a telescopic sight in a telescope, a microscope, or the screen of an oscilloscope, to provide references during visual examination.

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RETMA tube designation

The Radio Electronics Television Manufacturers' Association was formed in 1953, as a result of mergers with other trade standards organisations, such as the RMA.

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Rogers Vacuum Tube Company

Rogers Vacuum Tube Company (formally named Radio Manufacturing Corporation Limited) was founded as "Standard Radio Manufacturing" in 1925 by Edward S. Rogers, Sr. to sell Rogers "Batteryless" radio using vacuum tube technology.

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Root mean square

In statistics and its applications, the root mean square (abbreviated RMS or rms) is defined as the square root of the mean square (the arithmetic mean of the squares of a set of numbers).

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Royal Society

The President, Council and Fellows of the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, commonly known as the Royal Society, is a learned society.

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S band

The S band is a designation by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for a part of the microwave band of the electromagnetic spectrum covering frequencies from 2 to 4 gigahertz (GHz).

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Scintillation counter

A scintillation counter is an instrument for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation by using the excitation effect of incident radiation on a scintillator material, and detecting the resultant light pulses.

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SCR-268 radar

The SCR-268 (for Signal Corps Radio no. 268) was the US Army's first radar system.

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SCR-270

The SCR-270 (Signal Corps Radio model 270) was one of the first operational early-warning radars.

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SECAM

SECAM, also written SÉCAM (Séquentiel couleur à mémoire, French for "Sequential colour with memory"), is an analogue color television system first used in France.

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Second source

In the electronics industry, a second source is a company that is licensed to manufacture and sell components originally designed by another company (the first source).

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Secondary emission

Secondary emission in physics is a phenomenon where primary incident particles of sufficient energy, when hitting a surface or passing through some material, induce the emission of secondary particles.

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Selectron tube

The Selectron was an early form of digital computer memory developed by Jan A. Rajchman and his group at the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) under the direction of Vladimir K. Zworykin.

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Semiconductor

A semiconductor material has an electrical conductivity value falling between that of a conductor – such as copper, gold etc.

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Sensor

In the broadest definition, a sensor is a device, module, or subsystem whose purpose is to detect events or changes in its environment and send the information to other electronics, frequently a computer processor.

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Seven-segment display

A seven-segment display (SSD), or seven-segment indicator, is a form of electronic display device for displaying decimal numerals that is an alternative to the more complex dot matrix displays.

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Shift register

In digital circuits, a shift register is a cascade of flip flops, sharing the same clock, in which the output of each flip-flop is connected to the 'data' input of the next flip-flop in the chain, resulting in a circuit that shifts by one position the 'bit array' stored in it, 'shifting in' the data present at its input and 'shifting out' the last bit in the array, at each transition of the clock input.

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Shortwave radio

Shortwave radio is radio transmission using shortwave radio frequencies.

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Siemens

Siemens AG is a German conglomerate company headquartered in Berlin and Munich and the largest industrial manufacturing company in Europe with branch offices abroad.

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Siemens (unit)

The siemens (symbol: S) is the derived unit of electric conductance, electric susceptance and electric admittance in the International System of Units (SI).

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Sodium

Sodium is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.

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Sovtek

Sovtek is a brand of vacuum tube owned by Mike Matthews's New Sensor Corporation and manufactured in Saratov, Russia.

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Spark gap

A spark gap consists of an arrangement of two conducting electrodes separated by a gap usually filled with a gas such as air, designed to allow an electric spark to pass between the conductors.

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Spectrophotometry

In chemistry, spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the reflection or transmission properties of a material as a function of wavelength.

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Square (algebra)

In mathematics, a square is the result of multiplying a number by itself.

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Squelch

In telecommunications, squelch is a circuit function that acts to suppress the audio (or video) output of a receiver in the absence of a sufficiently strong desired input signal.

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Standard Telephones and Cables

Standard Telephones and Cables Ltd (later STC plc) was a British telephone, telegraph, radio, telecommunications, and related equipment R&D manufacturer.

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Stencil

Stencilling produces an image or pattern by applying pigment to a surface over an intermediate object with designed gaps in it which create the pattern or image by only allowing the pigment to reach some parts of the surface.

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Storage tube

Storage tubes are a class of cathode-ray tubes (CRTs) that are designed to hold an image for a long period of time, typically as long as power is supplied to the tube.

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Strobe light

A strobe light or stroboscopic lamp, commonly called a strobe, is a device used to produce regular flashes of light.

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Submarine communications cable

A submarine communications cable is a cable laid on the sea bed between land-based stations to carry telecommunication signals across stretches of ocean and sea.

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Subset

In mathematics, a set A is a subset of a set B, or equivalently B is a superset of A, if A is "contained" inside B, that is, all elements of A are also elements of B. A and B may coincide.

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Super high frequency

Super high frequency (SHF) is the ITU designation for radio frequencies (RF) in the range between 3 and 30 gigahertz (GHz).

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Superheterodyne receiver

A superheterodyne receiver, often shortened to superhet, is a type of radio receiver that uses frequency mixing to convert a received signal to a fixed intermediate frequency (IF) which can be more conveniently processed than the original carrier frequency.

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Surge arrester

A surge arrester is a device to protect electrical equipment from over-voltage transients caused by external (lightning) or internal (switching) events.

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Sutton tube

A Sutton tube, or reflex klystron, is a type of vacuum tube used to generate microwaves.

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Svetlana (company)

PJSC Svetlana (ПАО «Светлана») is a company based in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

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Switch

In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can "make" or "break" an electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another.

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SY4307A

The EIA type 4307A is a power output pentode possessing a similar power rating, but significantly different characteristics to the far more common type 807 thermionic valve/vacuum tube.

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Sylvania Electric Products

Sylvania Electric Products was a U.S. manufacturer of diverse electrical equipment, including at various times radio transceivers, vacuum tubes, semiconductors, and mainframe computers such as MOBIDIC.

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Tantalum

Tantalum is a chemical element with symbol Ta and atomic number 73.

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Tape recorder

An audio tape recorder, tape deck, or tape machine is an audio storage device that records and plays back sounds, including articulated voices, usually using magnetic tape, either wound on a reel or in a cassette, for storage.

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Tektronix

Tektronix, Inc., historically widely known as "Tek", is an American company best known for manufacturing test and measurement devices such as oscilloscopes, logic analyzers, and video and mobile test protocol equipment.

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Telecine

Telecine is the process of transferring motion picture film into video and is performed in a color suite.

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Telecommunication

Telecommunication is the transmission of signs, signals, messages, words, writings, images and sounds or information of any nature by wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic systems.

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Telefunken

Telefunken was a German radio and television apparatus company, founded in Berlin in 1903, as a joint venture of Siemens & Halske and the Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft (AEG) (General electricity company).

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Television set

A television set or television receiver, more commonly called a television, TV, TV set, or telly, is a device that combines a tuner, display, and loudspeakers for the purpose of viewing television.

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Tesla (Czechoslovak company)

TESLA (originally named after Nikola Tesla, later explained as abbreviation from "TEchnika SLAboproudá", which means "low-voltage technology") was a large, state-owned electrotechnical conglomerate in the former Czechoslovakia.

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Test card

A test card, also known as a test pattern or start-up/closedown test, is a television test signal, typically broadcast at times when the transmitter is active but no program is being broadcast (often at sign-on and sign-off).

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Test probe

A test probe is a physical device used to connect electronic test equipment to a device under test (DUT).

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Tetrode

A tetrode is a vacuum tube (called valve in British English) having four active electrodes.

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Text mode

Text mode is a computer display mode in which content is internally represented on a computer screen in terms of characters rather than individual pixels.

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Thermographic camera

A thermographic camera (also called an infrared camera or thermal imaging camera) is a device that forms an image using infrared radiation, similar to a common camera that forms an image using visible light.

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Thomson-Houston Electric Company

The Thomson-Houston Electric Company was a manufacturing company which was one of the precursors of the General Electric company.

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Thorium

Thorium is a weakly radioactive metallic chemical element with symbol Th and atomic number 90.

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Thyratron

A thyratron is a type of gas-filled tube used as a high-power electrical switch and controlled rectifier.

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Timor

Timor is an island at the southern end of Maritime Southeast Asia, north of the Timor Sea.

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Top cap

In vacuum tube technology, a top cap is a terminal at the top of the tube envelope that connects one of the electrodes, the other electrodes being connected via the tube socket.

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Toshiba

, commonly known as Toshiba, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate headquartered in Tokyo, Japan.

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Touch switch

A touch switch is a type of switch that only has to be touched by an object to operate.

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Transconductance

Transconductance (for transfer conductance), also infrequently called mutual conductance, is the electrical characteristic relating the current through the output of a device to the voltage across the input of a device.

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Traveling-wave tube

A traveling-wave tube (TWT, pronounced "twit") or traveling-wave tube amplifier (TWTA, pronounced "tweeta") is a specialized vacuum tube that is used in electronics to amplify radio frequency (RF) signals in the microwave range.

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Trigatron

A trigatron is a type of triggerable spark gap switch designed for high current and high voltage, (usually 10-100 kV and 20-100 kA, though devices in the mega-ampere range exist as well).

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Triode

A triode is an electronic amplifying vacuum tube (or valve in British English) consisting of three electrodes inside an evacuated glass envelope: a heated filament or cathode, a grid, and a plate (anode).

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Triple Entente

The Triple Entente (from French entente "friendship, understanding, agreement") refers to the understanding linking the Russian Empire, the French Third Republic, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente on 31 August 1907.

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Tritium

Tritium (or; symbol or, also known as hydrogen-3) is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen.

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True RMS converter

When measuring the value of an alternating current signal it is often necessary to convert the signal into a direct current signal of equivalent value which is known as the root mean square (RMS) value.

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Tuned radio frequency receiver

A tuned radio frequency receiver (or TRF receiver) is a type of radio receiver that is composed of one or more tuned radio frequency (RF) amplifier stages followed by a detector (demodulator) circuit to extract the audio signal and usually an audio frequency amplifier.

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Tung-Sol

Tung-Sol was an American manufacturer of electronics, mainly lamps and vacuum tubes.

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Tungsram

Tungsram is in one of Hungary's largest, oldest, and internationally most prestigious firms, known for light bulbs and electronics.

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Tungsten

Tungsten, or wolfram, is a chemical element with symbol W (referring to wolfram) and atomic number 74.

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Ultra high frequency

Ultra high frequency (UHF) is the ITU designation for radio frequencies in the range between 300 megahertz (MHz) and 3 gigahertz (GHz), also known as the decimetre band as the wavelengths range from one meter to one decimeter.

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Ultraviolet

Ultraviolet (UV) is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.

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United States Naval Research Laboratory

The United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is the corporate research laboratory for the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps.

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Unitra

UNITRA the Association of Polish consumer electronics manufacturers was established in 1961 and lasted in its original structure until 1989.

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Vacuum fluorescent display

A vacuum fluorescent display (VFD) is a display device used commonly on consumer electronics equipment such as video cassette recorders, car radios, and microwave ovens.

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Vacuum tube

In electronics, a vacuum tube, an electron tube, or just a tube (North America), or valve (Britain and some other regions) is a device that controls electric current between electrodes in an evacuated container.

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Vacuum variable capacitor

A vacuum variable capacitor is a variable capacitor which uses a high vacuum as the dielectric instead of air or other insulating material.

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Valve audio amplifier

A valve audio amplifier (UK) or vacuum tube audio amplifier (United States) is a valve amplifier used for sound reinforcement, sound recording and reproduction.

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Valve microphone

A valve microphone is a condenser microphone which uses a valve amplifier rather than a transistor circuit.

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Valve RF amplifier

A valve RF amplifier (UK and Aus.) or tube amplifier (U.S.), is a device for electrically amplifying the power of an electrical radio frequency signal.

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Variable-gain amplifier

A variable-gain or voltage-controlled amplifier is an electronic amplifier that varies its gain depending on a control voltage (often abbreviated CV).

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Vehicle audio

Vehicle audio is equipment installed in a car or other vehicle to provide in-car entertainment and information for the vehicle occupants.

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Very high frequency

Very high frequency (VHF) is the ITU designation for the range of radio frequency electromagnetic waves (radio waves) from 30 to 300 megahertz (MHz), with corresponding wavelengths of ten to one meter.

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Vibrator (electronic)

In electronics before the development of switch-mode power supplies and the introduction of semiconductor devices operating off low voltage, there was a requirement to generate voltages of about 50 to 250V DC from vehicle batteries.

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Video camera tube

The video camera tube was a type of cathode ray tube used to capture the television image prior to the introduction of charge-coupled devices (CCDs) in the 1980s.

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Video RAM (dual-ported DRAM)

Video RAM, or VRAM, is a dual-ported variant of dynamic RAM (DRAM), which was once commonly used to store the framebuffer in graphics adapters.

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Vishay Intertechnology

Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. is an American manufacturer of discrete semiconductors and passive electronic component founded by Polish-born businessman Felix Zandman.

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Voltage doubler

A voltage doubler is an electronic circuit which charges capacitors from the input voltage and switches these charges in such a way that, in the ideal case, exactly twice the voltage is produced at the output as at its input.

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Voltage regulator

A voltage regulator is an electronic circuit that provides a stable DC voltage independent of the load current, temperature and AC line voltage variations.

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Voltage-regulator tube

A voltage-regulator tube (VR tube) is an electronic component used as a shunt regulator to hold a voltage constant at a pre-determined level.

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Voltameter

A voltameter or coulometer is a scientific instrument used for measuring quantity of electricity (electric charge) through electrolytic action.

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VU meter

A volume unit (VU) meter or standard volume indicator (SVI) is a device displaying a representation of the signal level in audio equipment.

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Walkie-talkie

A walkie-talkie (more formally known as a handheld transceiver, or HT) is a hand-held, portable, two-way radio transceiver.

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Waveguide

A waveguide is a structure that guides waves, such as electromagnetic waves or sound, with minimal loss of energy by restricting expansion to one dimension or two.

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WD-11

The WD-11 vacuum tube, a triode, was introduced by the Westinghouse Electric corporation in 1922 for their Aeriola RF model radio and found use in other contemporary regenerative receivers (used as a detector-amplifier) including the Regenoflex and Radiola series.

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Western Electric

Western Electric Company (WE, WECo) was an American electrical engineering and manufacturing company that served as the primary supplier to AT&T from 1881 to 1996.

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Westinghouse Electric Corporation

The Westinghouse Electric Corporation was an American manufacturing company.

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White noise

In signal processing, white noise is a random signal having equal intensity at different frequencies, giving it a constant power spectral density.

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Williams tube

The Williams tube, or the Williams–Kilburn tube after inventors Freddie Williams (26 June 1911 – 11 August 1977), and Tom Kilburn (11 August 1921 – 17 January 2001), is an early form of computer memory.

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WLW

WLW (700 AM), branded Newsradio 700 WLW, is a commercial news/talk radio station serving Greater Cincinnati.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Wunderlich (vacuum tube)

Wunderlich refers to a series of vacuum tubes introduced in the early 1930s.

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X band

The X band is the designation for a band of frequencies in the microwave radio region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

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X-ray

X-rays make up X-radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation.

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X-ray image intensifier

An x-ray image intensifier (XRII) is an image intensifier that converts x-rays into visible light at higher intensity than mere fluorescent screens do.

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Xenon

Xenon is a chemical element with symbol Xe and atomic number 54.

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Zener diode

A Zener diode is a particular type of diode that, unlike a normal one, allows current to flow not only from its anode to its cathode, but also in the reverse direction, when the Zener voltage is reached.

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12AT7

12AT7 (also known in Europe by the Mullard–Philips tube designation of ECC81) is a miniature 9-pin medium-gain (60) dual-triode vacuum tube popular in guitar amplifiers.

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12AU7

The 12AU7 and its variants are a miniature nine-pin (B9A base) medium-gain dual triode vacuum tube.

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12AX7

12AX7 (also known as ECC83) is a vacuum tube that is a miniature dual triode - 6AV6 with high voltage gain.

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1L6

The 1L6 is a 7 pin miniature vacuum tube of the pentagrid converter type.

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23-centimeter band

The 23 centimeter, 1200 MHz or 1.2 GHz band is a portion of the UHF (microwave) radio spectrum internationally allocated to amateur radio and amateur satellite use on a secondary basis.

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25L6

The 25L6 is an octal-based vacuum tube of the Beam tetrode type.

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300B

In electronics the 300B is a directly-heated power triode vacuum tube with a four-pin base, introduced in 1938 to amplify telephone signals.

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4-1000A

The 4-1000A/8166 is a radial-beam tetrode designed for use in radio transmitters.

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5751

5751 is the designation for a low-voltage, low-noise avionics vacuum tube popular as a pre-amplification tube in guitar amplifiers.

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5Y3

The 5Y3 is a medium-power directly heated full-wave rectifier vacuum tube introduced by RCA in 1935.

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6AK5

The 6AK5 vacuum tube is a miniature 7-pin sharp-cutoff pentode used as RF or IF amplifier especially in high-frequency wide-band applications at frequencies up to 400 MHz.

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6AQ5

The 6AQ5 (Mullard–Philips tube designation EL90) is a miniature 7-pin (B7G) audio power output beam tetrode vacuum tube with ratings virtually identical to the 6V6 at 250V.

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6DJ8

The 6DJ8 is a miniature nine-pin medium gain dual triode vacuum tube.

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6L6

6L6 is the designator for a vacuum tube introduced by Radio Corporation of America in July 1936.

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6N14P

The 6N14P (Russian: 6Н14П) is a miniature Russian-made medium gain dual triode vacuum tube, intended for service as a low-noise cascode amplifier at HF through VHF frequencies.

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6N1P

The 6N1P (6Н1П) is a Russian-made miniature 9-pin medium gain double triode vacuum tube intended for use as a line audio amplifier and cathode driver.

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6N24P

The 6N24P (Russian: 6Н24П) is a miniature Russian-made medium gain dual triode vacuum tube, intended for service as a cascode amplifier at HF through VHF frequencies.

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6N2P

The 6N2P, (Russian: 6Н2П), also sometimes spelled in English "6H2Pi", is a miniature 9-pin dual triode vacuum tube manufactured in USSR, Russia and China with characteristics similar to the RCA 12AX7.

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6N3P

The 6N3P (Russian: 6Н3П) is a Russian-made direct equivalent of the 2C51 medium gain dual triode vacuum tube.

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6P1P

The 6P1P (Russian: 6П1П) is a Soviet-made miniature 9-pin beam tetrode vacuum tube with ratings similar to the 6AQ5, EL90 and the 6V6.

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6SN7

6SN7 is a dual triode vacuum tube with an 8-pin octal base.

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6V6

The 6V6 is a beam-power tetrode vacuum tube.

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7199

The 7199 is a vacuum tube, combining a pentode and triode.

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7AK7

The 7AK7 is a pentode vacuum tube (thermionic valve).

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7JP4

The 7JP4 is an early black and white or monochrome cathode ray tube (also called picture tube and kinescope).

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807 (vacuum tube)

The 807 is a beam tetrode vacuum tube, widely used in audio- and radio-frequency power amplifier applications.

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833A

The 833A is a vacuum tube constructed for medium power oscillator or class B or C amplifier applications.

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845 (vacuum tube)

The 845 power triode is a radio transmitting vacuum tube which can also be used as an audio amplifier and modulation tube.

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866A

The 866 is a mercury vapor half-wave rectifier intended for high-voltage applications.

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8974

8974 / X-2159 is a power tetrode designed for megawatt power levels in industrial and broadcast applications.

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955 acorn triode

The type 955 triode "acorn tube" is a small triode thermionic valve (vacuum tube in USA) designed primarily to operate at high frequency.

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Redirects here:

Directly heated triode, ECC85, JIS tube designation, Marconi-Osram tube designation.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_vacuum_tubes

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