Ludwig van Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. ^[1]

321 relations: Ah! perfido, Alexander Wheelock Thayer, Alfred Einstein, Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung, Alois Jeitteles, An die ferne Geliebte, Anna von Schaden, Anselm Hüttenbrenner, Anton Diabelli, Anton Reicha, Anton Schindler, Antonie Brentano, Antonio Salieri, Archbishop, Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria, Archduke Rudolf of Austria, Aria, Artaria, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Augsburg, August von Kotzebue, Austro-Hungarian gulden, Autopsy, Baden, Bagatelle (music), Baptism, Baroque music, Barry Cooper (musicologist), Bass (voice type), Battle of Vitoria, Beethoven (crater), Beethoven concert of 22 December 1808, Beethoven House, Beethoven Monument, Beethoven with the Manuscript of the Missa Solemnis, Beethovenfest, Beethovenhalle, Belgium, Berlin State Library, Bettina von Arnim, Bonn, Breitkopf & Härtel, Budapest, Burgtheater, Burial, Cadenza, Cardinal (Catholic Church), Carl Czerny, Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf, Carl Maria von Weber, ... Expand index (271 more) » « Shrink index
18th-century classical pianists
19th-century keyboardists
Beethoven family
Catholic liturgical composers
Deaf classical musicians
German ballet composers
German classical composers of church music
German deaf people
German emigrants to Austria
German people of Flemish descent
German string quartet composers
Musicians from Bonn
Pupils of Johann Georg Albrechtsberger
Pupils of Joseph Haydn

Ah! perfido

"italic" (Ah! Deceiver), Op. 65, is a concert aria for soprano and orchestra by Ludwig van Beethoven.

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Alexander Wheelock Thayer

Alexander Wheelock Thayer (October 22, 1817 – July 15, 1897) was an American librarian and journalist who became the author of the first scholarly biography of Ludwig van Beethoven.

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Alfred Einstein

Alfred Einstein (December 30, 1880February 13, 1952) was a German-American musicologist and music editor.

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Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung

The Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung (General music newspaper) was a German-language periodical published in the 19th century.

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Alois Jeitteles

Alois Isidor Jeitteles (20 June 1794 – 16 April 1858) was an Austrian medical doctor, journalist and writer, best known for Ludwig van Beethoven's setting of his poem sequence, An die ferne Geliebte.

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An die ferne Geliebte

An die ferne Geliebte (To the distant beloved), Op. 98, is a composition by Ludwig van Beethoven written in April 1816, setting poetry by Alois Jeitteles.

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Anna Leopoldine Theresia Elisabetha Nanette von Stadler von Pranck von Schaden (January 1763 – January 1834) was an Austrian composer and pianist who was known for her improvisational skills but left only three written compositions for piano.

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Anselm Hüttenbrenner

Anselm Hüttenbrenner (13 October 1794 – 5 June 1868) was an Austrian composer. Ludwig van Beethoven and Anselm Hüttenbrenner are composers for piano.

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Anton Diabelli

Anton (or Antonio) Diabelli (5 September 17818 April 1858) was an Austrian music publisher, editor and composer. Ludwig van Beethoven and Anton Diabelli are composers for piano.

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Anton Reicha

Anton (Antonín, Antoine) Joseph Reicha (Rejcha) (26 February 1770 – 28 May 1836) was a Czech-born, Bavarian-educated, later naturalized French composer and music theorist. Ludwig van Beethoven and Anton Reicha are 1770 births, composers for piano and Pupils of Johann Georg Albrechtsberger.

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Anton Schindler

Anton Felix Schindler (13 June 1795 – 16 January 1864) was an Austrian law clerk and associate, secretary, and early biographer of Ludwig van Beethoven.

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Antonie Brentano

Antonie Brentano (28 May 1780 – 12 May 1869 in Frankfurt), born Johanna Antonie Josefa Edle von Birkenstock and known as Toni, was an Austrian philanthropist, art collector, arts patron, and close friend of Beethoven, being the dedicatee of his "Diabelli" variations.

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Antonio Salieri

Antonio Salieri (18 August 17507 May 1825) was an Italian composer and teacher of the classical period. Ludwig van Beethoven and Antonio Salieri are 18th-century classical composers, Burials at the Vienna Central Cemetery and Catholic liturgical composers.

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Archbishop

In Christian denominations, an archbishop is a bishop of higher rank or office.

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Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria

Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria (Maximilian Franz Xaver Joseph Johann Anton de Paula Wenzel; 8 December 1756 – 27 July 1801) was Elector of Cologne and Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.

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Archduke Rudolf of Austria

Rudolph Johann Joseph Rainier, Archduke of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia, Cardinal-Archbishop of Olomouc (8 January 1788 – 24 July 1831), was a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, and an Austrian clergyman and noble.

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Aria

In music, an aria (arie,; arias in common usage; diminutive form: arietta,;: ariette; in English simply air) is a self-contained piece for one voice, with or without instrumental or orchestral accompaniment, normally part of a larger work.

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Artaria

Artaria & Co. was one of the most important music publishing firms of the late 18th and 19th century.

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Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington

Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, (1 May 1769 – 14 September 1852) was an Anglo-Irish military officer and statesman who was one of the leading military and political figures in Britain during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, serving twice as British prime minister.

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Augsburg

Augsburg (label) is a city in the Bavarian part of Swabia, Germany, around west of the Bavarian capital Munich.

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August von Kotzebue

August Friedrich Ferdinand von Kotzebue (–) was a German playwright, who had also worked as a Russian diplomat.

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Austro-Hungarian gulden

The Austro-Hungarian gulden (alternatively florin or forint; Gulden, forint, forinta/florin, zlatý, złoty reński) was the currency of the lands of the House of Habsburg between 1754 and 1892 (known as the Austrian Empire from 1804 to 1867 and the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy after 1867), when it was replaced by the Austro-Hungarian krone as part of the introduction of the gold standard.

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Autopsy

An autopsy (also referred to as post-mortem examination, obduction, necropsy, or autopsia cadaverum) is a surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse by dissection to determine the cause, mode, and manner of death; or the exam may be performed to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present for research or educational purposes.

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Baden

Baden is a historical territory in South Germany.

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Bagatelle (music)

A bagatelle is a short piece of music, typically for the piano, and usually of a light, mellow character.

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Baptism

Baptism (from immersion, dipping in water) is a Christian sacrament of initiation almost invariably with the use of water.

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Baroque music

Baroque music refers to the period or dominant style of Western classical music composed from about 1600 to 1750. Ludwig van Beethoven and Baroque music are age of Enlightenment.

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Barry Cooper (musicologist)

Barry Cooper (born 1949) is an English musicologist, composer, organist, Beethoven scholar, and editor of the Beethoven Compendium.

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Bass (voice type)

A bass is a type of classical male singing voice and has the lowest vocal range of all voice types.

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Battle of Vitoria

At the Battle of Vitoria (21 June 1813), a British, Portuguese and Spanish army under the Marquess of Wellington broke the French army under King Joseph Bonaparte and Marshal Jean-Baptiste Jourdan near Vitoria in Spain, eventually leading to victory in the Peninsular War.

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Beethoven (crater)

Beethoven is a crater at latitude 20°S, longitude 124°W on Mercury.

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Beethoven concert of 22 December 1808

The Beethoven concert of 22 December 1808 was a benefit concert held for Ludwig van Beethoven at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna that featured the public premieres of Beethoven's Fifth and Sixth Symphonies, the Fourth Piano Concerto and the Choral Fantasy.

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Beethoven House

The Beethoven House (German: Beethoven-Haus) in Bonn, Germany, is a memorial site, museum, and cultural institution serving various purposes.

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Beethoven Monument

The Beethoven Monument is a large bronze statue of Ludwig van Beethoven that stands on the Münsterplatz in Bonn, Beethoven's birthplace.

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Beethoven with the Manuscript of the Missa Solemnis

Beethoven with the Manuscript of the Missa Solemnis is a portrait of Ludwig van Beethoven by Joseph Karl Stieler, completed in 1820.

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Beethovenfest

The Beethovenfest ('Beethoven Festival') is a festival of classical music in Bonn, Germany, dedicated mostly to the music of Ludwig van Beethoven who was born there.

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Beethovenhalle

The Beethovenhalle is a concert hall in Bonn.

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Belgium

Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe.

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Berlin State Library

The Berlin State Library (Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin; officially abbreviated as SBB, colloquially Stabi) is a universal library in Berlin, Germany and a property of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation (Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz).

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Bettina von Arnim

Bettina von Arnim (the Countess of Arnim) (4 April 178520 January 1859), born Elisabeth Catharina Ludovica Magdalena Brentano, was a German writer and novelist. Ludwig van Beethoven and Bettina von Arnim are 19th-century German composers.

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Bonn

Bonn is a federal city in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, located on the banks of the Rhine.

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Breitkopf & Härtel

Breitkopf & Härtel is a German music publishing house.

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Budapest

Budapest is the capital and most populous city of Hungary.

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Burgtheater

The Burgtheater (literally: "Castle Theater" but alternatively translated as "(Imperial) Court Theater"), originally known as K.K. Theater an der Burg, then until 1918 as the K.K. Hofburgtheater, is the national theater of Austria in Vienna.

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Burial

Burial, also known as interment or inhumation, is a method of final disposition whereby a dead body is placed into the ground, sometimes with objects.

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Cadenza

In music, a cadenza, (from cadenza, meaning cadence; plural, cadenze) is, generically, an improvised or written-out ornamental passage played or sung by a soloist(s), usually in a "free" rhythmic style, and often allowing virtuosic display.

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Cardinal (Catholic Church)

A cardinal (Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae cardinalis) is a senior member of the clergy of the Catholic Church.

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Carl Czerny

Carl Czerny (21 February 1791 – 15 July 1857) was an Austrian composer, teacher, and pianist of Czech origin whose music spanned the late Classical and early Romantic eras. Ludwig van Beethoven and Carl Czerny are 19th-century German composers, 19th-century classical pianists, Burials at the Vienna Central Cemetery, composers for piano, German Romantic composers and German classical pianists.

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Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf

Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf (2 November 1739 – 24 October 1799) was an Austrian composer, violinist, and silvologist. Ludwig van Beethoven and Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf are 18th-century German composers, 18th-century classical composers and oratorio composers.

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Carl Maria von Weber

Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von Weber (5 June 1826) was a German composer, conductor, virtuoso pianist, guitarist, and critic of the early Romantic period. Ludwig van Beethoven and Carl Maria von Weber are 19th-century German composers, 19th-century classical pianists, Catholic liturgical composers, composers for piano, German Roman Catholics, German Romantic composers, German classical composers of church music, German classical pianists, German male classical pianists, German male opera composers and German opera composers.

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Catalogues of Beethoven compositions

The Catalogues of Beethoven compositions are all of the different ways in which the musical compositions by Ludwig van Beethoven have been organized by researchers into his music.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

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Cello Sonatas Nos. 4 and 5 (Beethoven)

The Sonatas for cello and piano No.

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Censorship

Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information.

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Chamber music

Chamber music is a form of classical music that is composed for a small group of instruments—traditionally a group that could fit in a palace chamber or a large room.

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Charles Neate (musician)

Charles Neate (28 March 1784 – 30 March 1877) was a British pianist and composer, and a founder member of the Royal Philharmonic Society.

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Charles Rosen

Charles Welles Rosen (May 5, 1927December 9, 2012) was an American pianist and writer on music.

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Charles XIV John

Charles XIV John (Karl XIV Johan; 26 January 1763 – 8 March 1844) was King of Sweden and Norway from 1818 until his death in 1844 and the first monarch of the Bernadotte dynasty.

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Child prodigy

A child prodigy is a person under the age of ten who produces meaningful work in some domain at the level of an adult expert.

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Choral Fantasy (Beethoven)

The Fantasy for piano, vocal soloists, mixed chorus, and orchestra, Op. 80, usually called the Choral Fantasy, was composed in 1808 by then 38-year-old Ludwig van Beethoven.

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Choral symphony

A choral symphony is a musical composition for orchestra, choir, and sometimes solo vocalists that, in its internal workings and overall musical architecture, adheres broadly to symphonic musical form.

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Christ on the Mount of Olives (Beethoven)

Christus am Ölberge (in English, Christ on the Mount of Olives), Op. 85, is an oratorio by Ludwig van Beethoven portraying the emotional turmoil of Jesus in the garden of Gethsemane prior to his crucifixion.

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Christian Gottlob Neefe

Christian Gottlob Neefe (5 February 1748 – 28 January 1798) was a German opera composer and conductor. Ludwig van Beethoven and Christian Gottlob Neefe are 18th-century German composers, 18th-century classical composers, German male opera composers and German opera composers.

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Christoph Willibald Gluck

Christoph Willibald (Ritter von) Gluck (2 July 1714 – 15 November 1787) was a composer of Italian and French opera in the early classical period. Ludwig van Beethoven and Christoph Willibald Gluck are 18th-century classical composers and Burials at the Vienna Central Cemetery.

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Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis, also known as liver cirrhosis or hepatic cirrhosis, and end-stage liver disease, is a condition of the liver in which the normal functioning tissue, or parenchyma, is replaced with scar tissue (fibrosis) and regenerative nodules as a result of chronic liver disease.

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Classical period (music)

The Classical Period was an era of classical music between roughly 1750 and 1820.

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Clemens August of Bavaria

Clemens August of Bavaria (Clemens August von Bayern) (17 August 1700 – 6 February 1761) was an 18th-century member of the Wittelsbach dynasty of Bavaria and Archbishop-Elector of Cologne.

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Cochlear nerve

The cochlear nerve (also auditory nerve or acoustic nerve) is one of two parts of the vestibulocochlear nerve, a cranial nerve present in amniotes, the other part being the vestibular nerve.

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Codicil (will)

A codicil is a testamentary or supplementary document similar but not necessarily identical to a will.

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Congress of Vienna

The Congress of Vienna of 1814–1815 was a series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order after the downfall of the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte.

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Conrad Graf

Conrad Graf (17 November 1782 in Riedlingen, Further Austria – 18 March 1851 in Vienna) was an Austrian-German piano maker.

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Count Ferdinand Ernst Gabriel von Waldstein

Count Ferdinand Ernst Joseph Gabriel von Waldstein und Wartenberg (24 March 1762 – 26 May 1823) was a German nobleman and patron of the arts.

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Count Moritz von Fries

Moritz Christian Johann Reichsgraf von Fries (6 May 1777 – 26 December 1826) was an Austrian nobleman, banker and patron of the arts.

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Counterpoint

In music, counterpoint is a method of composition in which two or more musical lines (or voices) are simultaneously played which are harmonically correlated yet independent in rhythm and melodic contour.

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Czech Republic

The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

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Daniel Steibelt

Daniel Gottlieb Steibelt (22 October 1765) was a German pianist and composer. Ludwig van Beethoven and Daniel Steibelt are 18th-century keyboardists, German classical pianists, German male classical pianists, German male opera composers and German opera composers.

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Death of Ludwig van Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven, a German composer, died in his apartment in the Schwarzspanierhaus, Vienna, on 26 March 1827 at the age of 56, following a prolonged illness.

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Der glorreiche Augenblick

Der glorreiche Augenblick, Op. 136 (The glorious moment) is a cantata by Ludwig van Beethoven.

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Diabelli Variations

The 33 Variations on a waltz by Anton Diabelli, Op.

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Domenico Dragonetti

Domenico Carlo Maria Dragonetti (7 April 1763 – 16 April 1846) was an Italian double bass virtuoso and composer with a 3 string double bass.

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Library

The Dr.

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Duchy of Brabant

The Duchy of Brabant, a state of the Holy Roman Empire, was established in 1183.

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Dutch in Belgium

The Dutch language used in Belgium can also be referred to as Flemish Dutch or Belgian Dutch (Vlaams Nederlands, Belgisch Nederlands).

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E. T. A. Hoffmann

Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (born Ernst Theodor Wilhelm Hoffmann; 24 January 1776 – 25 June 1822) was a German Romantic author of fantasy and Gothic horror, a jurist, composer, music critic and artist. Ludwig van Beethoven and E. T. A. Hoffmann are 18th-century German composers, 18th-century classical composers, 19th-century German composers and German Romantic composers.

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Ear trumpet

An ear trumpet is a tubular or funnel-shaped device which collects sound waves and leads them into the ear.

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Early Music (journal)

Early Music is a peer-reviewed academic journal specialising in the study of early music.

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Edema

Edema (AmE), also spelled oedema (BrE), and also known as fluid retention, dropsy, hydropsy and swelling, is the build-up of fluid in the body's tissue.

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Edition Peters

Edition Peters is a classical music publisher founded in Leipzig, Germany in 1800.

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Egmont (Beethoven)

Egmont, Op. 84 by Ludwig van Beethoven, is a set of incidental music pieces for the 1787 play of the same name by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

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Egmont (play)

Egmont is a play by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, which he completed in 1788.

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Electorate of Cologne

The Electorate of Cologne (Kurfürstentum Köln), sometimes referred to as Electoral Cologne (Kurköln), was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire that existed from the 10th to the early 19th century.

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Entr'acte

(or entracte,; and, intermezzo, and intervalo) means 'between the acts'.

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Für Elise

Bagatelle No.

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Ferdinand Hiller

Ferdinand (von) Hiller (24 October 1811 – 11 May 1885) was a German composer, conductor, pianist, writer and music director. Ludwig van Beethoven and Ferdinand Hiller are 19th-century German composers, 19th-century classical pianists, composers for piano, German Romantic composers, German male classical pianists, German male opera composers and German opera composers.

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Ferdinand Ries

Ferdinand Ries (baptised 28 November 1784 – 13 January 1838) was a German composer. Ludwig van Beethoven and Ferdinand Ries are 19th-century German composers, 19th-century classical pianists, composers for piano, German Romantic composers, German classical pianists, German male classical pianists, German male opera composers, German opera composers, German string quartet composers, musicians from Bonn and Pupils of Johann Georg Albrechtsberger.

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Ferdinand, 5th Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau

Ferdinand, 5th Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau (Ferdinand Johann Nepomuk Fürst Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau; 5 December 17813 November 1812) was the 5th Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau.

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Fidelio

Fidelio, originally titled (Leonore, or The Triumph of Marital Love), Op.

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Flemish Region

The Flemish Region (Vlaams Gewest), usually simply referred to as Flanders (Vlaanderen), is one of the three regions of Belgium—alongside the Walloon Region and the Brussels-Capital Region.

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François-Joseph Fétis

François-Joseph Fétis (25 March 1784 – 26 March 1871) was a Belgian musicologist, critic, teacher and composer.

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Franz Anton Ries

Franz Anton Xaverius Ries (10 November 1755 – 1 November 1846) was a German violinist. Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Anton Ries are musicians from Bonn.

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Franz Gerhard Wegeler

Franz Gerhard Wegeler (22 August 1765 – 7 May 1848) was a German physician from Bonn, who, in his youth, was a close friend of composer Ludwig van Beethoven.

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Franz Grillparzer

Franz Seraphicus Grillparzer (15 January 1791 – 21 January 1872) was an Austrian writer who was considered to be the leading Austrian dramatist of the 19th century.

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Franz Liszt

Franz Liszt (22 October 1811 – 31 July 1886) was a Hungarian composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor and teacher of the Romantic period. Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Liszt are 19th-century classical pianists, Catholic liturgical composers and composers for piano.

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Franz Schubert

Franz Peter Schubert (31 January 179719 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras. Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Schubert are 19th-century classical pianists, Burials at the Vienna Central Cemetery, Catholic liturgical composers, child classical musicians and composers for piano.

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Fugue

In classical music, a fugue is a contrapuntal, polyphonic compositional technique in two or more voices, built on a subject (a musical theme) that is introduced at the beginning in imitation (repetition at different pitches), which recurs frequently throughout the course of the composition.

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George Frideric Handel

George Frideric (or Frederick) Handel (baptised italic,; 23 February 1685 – 14 April 1759) was a German-British Baroque composer well known for his operas, oratorios, anthems, concerti grossi, and organ concertos. Ludwig van Beethoven and George Frideric Handel are 18th-century German composers, 18th-century German male musicians, 18th-century keyboardists, German opera composers and oratorio composers.

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Giacomo Meyerbeer

Giacomo Meyerbeer (born Jakob Liebmann Meyer Beer; 5 September 1791 – 2 May 1864) was a German opera composer, "the most frequently performed opera composer during the nineteenth century, linking Mozart and Wagner". Ludwig van Beethoven and Giacomo Meyerbeer are 19th-century German composers, German Romantic composers, German male opera composers and German opera composers.

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Giovanni Paisiello

Giovanni Paisiello (or Paesiello; 9 May 1740 – 5 June 1816) was an Italian composer of the Classical era, and was the most popular opera composer of the late 1700s.

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Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (between 3 February 1525 and 2 February 1526 – 2 February 1594) was an Italian composer of late Renaissance music.

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Gneixendorf

Gneixendorf is a village near Krems in Lower Austria.

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God Save the King

"God Save the King" (alternatively "God Save the Queen" when the British monarch is female) is the national anthem of the United Kingdom and the royal anthem of each of the British Crown Dependencies, one of two national anthems of New Zealand, and the royal anthem of most Commonwealth realms.

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Gottfried van Swieten

Gottfried Freiherr van Swieten (29 October 1733 – 29 March 1803) was a Dutch-born Austrian diplomat, librarian, and government official who served the Holy Roman Empire during the 18th century.

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Grosse Fuge

The Grosse Fuge (German spelling: Große Fuge, also known in English as the Great Fugue or Grand Fugue), Op. 133, is a single-movement composition for string quartet by Ludwig van Beethoven.

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Hearing loss

Hearing loss is a partial or total inability to hear.

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Heiligenstadt Testament

The Heiligenstadt Testament is a letter written by Ludwig van Beethoven to his brothers Carl and Johann at Heiligenstadt on 6 October 1802.

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Heiligenstadt, Vienna

Heiligenstadt (in German: Wien Heiligenstadt; Central Bavarian: Heiligenstod) was an independent municipality until 1892 and is today a part of Döbling, the 19th district of Vienna, Austria.

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Heinrich Anschütz

Heinrich Anschütz (8 February 1785 in Luckau – 29 December 1865 in Vienna) was a German actor.

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Heinrich Marschner

Heinrich August Marschner (16 August 1795 – 14 December 1861) was a German composer best known for his operas. Ludwig van Beethoven and Heinrich Marschner are 19th-century German composers, German Romantic composers, German male opera composers and German opera composers.

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Helene von Breuning

Helene von Breuning (née von Kerich; 3 January 1750, Cologne – 9 December 1838) was a member of the Bonn upper class, who engaged young Ludwig van Beethoven to teach music to her children, helped him with his education and introduced him into social circles.

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Hepatitis A

Hepatitis A is an infectious disease of the liver caused by Hepatovirus A (HAV); it is a type of viral hepatitis.

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Holy Roman Emperor

The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans (Imperator Romanorum, Kaiser der Römer) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period (Imperator Germanorum, Roman-German emperor), was the ruler and head of state of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Hungarian National Museum

The Hungarian National Museum (Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum) was founded in 1802 and is the national museum for the history, art, and archaeology of Hungary, including areas not within Hungary's modern borders, such as Transylvania; it is separate to the collection of international art in the Hungarian National Gallery.

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Ignaz Moscheles

Isaac Ignaz Moscheles (23 May 179410 March 1870) was a Bohemian piano virtuoso and composer. Ludwig van Beethoven and Ignaz Moscheles are 19th-century classical pianists, composers for piano and Pupils of Johann Georg Albrechtsberger.

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Ignaz Schuppanzigh

Ignaz Schuppanzigh (20 July 1776 – 2 March 1830) was an Austrian violinist and friend of Beethoven, and leader of Count Razumovsky's private string quartet.

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Immortal Beloved

The Immortal Beloved (German "Unsterbliche Geliebte") is the addressee of a love letter which composer Ludwig van Beethoven wrote on 6 or 7 July 1812 in Teplitz (then in the Austrian Empire, now in the Czech Republic).

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Insomnia

Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder where people have trouble sleeping.

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Ira F. Brilliant Center for Beethoven Studies

The Ira F. Brilliant Center for Beethoven Studies serves as a museum, research center, and host of lectures and performances devoted solely to the life and works of Ludwig van Beethoven.

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Jaundice

Jaundice, also known as icterus, is a yellowish or greenish pigmentation of the skin and sclera due to high bilirubin levels.

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Jérôme Bonaparte

Jérôme-Napoléon Bonaparte (born Girolamo Buonaparte; 15 November 1784 – 24 June 1860) was the youngest brother of Napoleon I and reigned as Jerome Napoleon I (formally Hieronymus Napoleon in German), King of Westphalia, between 1807 and 1813.

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Jihlava

Jihlava (Iglau) is a city in the Czech Republic.

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Joachim Heinrich Campe

Joachim Heinrich Campe (29 June 1746 – 22 October 1818) was a German writer, linguist, educator and publisher.

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Johann Andreas Stein

Johann (Georg) Andreas Stein (16 May 1728 in Heidelsheim – 29 February 1792 in Augsburg) was an outstanding German maker of keyboard instruments, a central figure in the history of the piano. Ludwig van Beethoven and Johann Andreas Stein are 18th-century German composers and 18th-century German male musicians.

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Johann Andreas Streicher

Johann Andreas Streicher (13 December 1761 – 25 May 1833) was a German pianist, composer and piano maker.

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Johann Baptist Malfatti von Monteregio

Johann Baptist Malfatti, Edler von Monteregio baptized as Giovanni Domenico Antonio Malfatti (June 12, 1775, in Lucca – September 12, 1859, in Hietzing near Vienna) was an Italian/Austrian doctor famous for treating the composer Ludwig van Beethoven.

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Johann Friedrich Rochlitz

Johann Friedrich Rochlitz (12 February 1769 – 16 December 1842) was a German playwright, musicologist and art and music critic.

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Johann Georg Albrechtsberger

Johann Georg Albrechtsberger (3 February 1736 – 7 March 1809) was an Austrian composer, organist, and music theorist, and one of the teachers of Ludwig van Beethoven.

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Johann IX Philipp von Walderdorff

Johann Philipp von Walderdorff (24 or 26 May 170112 January 1768) was a German nobleman who served as Archbishop and Elector of Trier from 1756 and as Prince-Bishop of Worms from 1763 until his death in 1768.

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Johann Nepomuk Hummel

Johann Nepomuk Hummel (14 November 177817 October 1837) was an Austrian composer and virtuoso pianist. Ludwig van Beethoven and Johann Nepomuk Hummel are 18th-century classical composers, 18th-century classical pianists, 18th-century keyboardists, 19th-century classical pianists, 19th-century keyboardists, composers for piano and Pupils of Johann Georg Albrechtsberger.

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Johann Nepomuk Maelzel

A metronome by Maelzel, Paris, 1815. Johann Nepomuk Maelzel (or Mälzel; August 15, 1772 – July 21, 1838) was a German inventor, engineer, and showman, best known for manufacturing a metronome and several music-playing automatons, and displaying a fraudulent chess machine.

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Johann Nikolaus Forkel

Johann Nikolaus Forkel (22 February 1749 – 20 March 1818) was a German musicologist and music theorist, generally regarded as among the founders of modern musicology.

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Johann Sebastian Bach

Johann Sebastian Bach (28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque period. Ludwig van Beethoven and Johann Sebastian Bach are 18th-century German composers, 18th-century German male musicians, 18th-century classical composers, 18th-century keyboardists, German classical composers of church music and oratorio composers.

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Johann van Beethoven

Johann van Beethoven (1739 or 1740 – 18 December 1792) was a German musician, teacher, and singer who sang in the chapel of the Archbishop of Cologne, whose court was at Bonn. Ludwig van Beethoven and Johann van Beethoven are 18th-century keyboardists, Beethoven family, German people of Flemish descent and musicians from Bonn.

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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German polymath and writer, who is widely regarded as the greatest and most influential writer in the German language.

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Johanna van Beethoven

Johanna van Beethoven (née Reiß; 1786–1869) was the sister-in-law of the composer Ludwig van Beethoven. Ludwig van Beethoven and Johanna van Beethoven are Beethoven family.

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Johannes Brahms

Johannes Brahms (7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897) was a German composer, virtuoso pianist, and conductor of the mid-Romantic period. Ludwig van Beethoven and Johannes Brahms are 19th-century German composers, 19th-century classical pianists, Burials at the Vienna Central Cemetery, composers for piano, German Romantic composers, German classical pianists, German emigrants to Austria, German male classical pianists and German string quartet composers.

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John Broadwood & Sons

John Broadwood & Sons is an English piano manufacturer, founded in 1728 by Burkat Shudi and continued after his death in 1773 by John Broadwood.

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Josef Reicha

Josef Reicha (12 February 1752 – 5 March 1795), also spelt Rejcha, was a Czech cellist, composer and conductor. Ludwig van Beethoven and Josef Reicha are 18th-century classical composers.

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Joseph Franz von Lobkowitz

Joseph Franz Maximilian, 7th Prince of Lobkowitz (also spelled Lobkowicz) (8 December 1772 – 16 December 1816 Geni, accessed 31 December 2014.) was an aristocrat of Bohemia, from the House of Lobkowicz.

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Joseph Haydn

Franz Joseph Haydn (31 March 173231 May 1809) was an Austrian composer of the Classical period. Ludwig van Beethoven and Joseph Haydn are 18th-century classical composers, age of Enlightenment, Catholic liturgical composers, composers for piano, national anthem writers and oratorio composers.

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Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor

Joseph II (German: Josef Benedikt Anton Michael Adam; English: Joseph Benedict Anthony Michael Adam; 13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 18 August 1765 and sole ruler of the Habsburg monarchy from 29 November 1780 until his death.

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Joseph Karl Stieler

Joseph Karl Stieler (1 November 1781 – 9 April 1858) was a German painter.

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Joseph Mayseder

Joseph Mayseder (27 October 1789 – 21 November 1863) was an Austrian violin virtuoso and composer. Ludwig van Beethoven and Joseph Mayseder are Burials at the Vienna Central Cemetery.

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Joseph Woelfl

Joseph Johann Baptist Woelfl (surname sometimes written in the German form Wölfl; 24 December 1773 – 21 May 1812) was an Austrian pianist and composer. Ludwig van Beethoven and Joseph Woelfl are 18th-century classical composers, 18th-century classical pianists, 19th-century classical pianists and composers for piano.

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Josephine Brunsvik

Josephine Brunszvik, miniature drawn by pencil, before 1804. Josephine Brunsvik or Countess Jozefina Brunszvik de Korompa, Countess Josephine Deym, (Brunszvik Jozefina; 28 March 1779 – 31 March 1821) was probably the most important woman in the life of Ludwig van Beethoven, as documented by at least 15 love letters he wrote her where he called her his "only beloved", being "eternally devoted" to her and "forever faithful”.

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Journal of the American Musicological Society

The Journal of the American Musicological Society is a peer-reviewed academic journal and an official journal of the American Musicological Society.

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Journal of the History of Ideas

The Journal of the History of Ideas is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering intellectual history, conceptual history, and the history of ideas, including the histories of philosophy, literature and the arts, natural and social sciences, religion, and political thought.

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Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh

The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering research in clinical medicine, medical education, and the history of medicine, published by the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.

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Julie Guicciardi

Julie "Giulietta" Guicciardi (23 November 178422 March 1856) was an Austrian countess and briefly a piano student of Ludwig van Beethoven.

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Kapellmeister

Kapellmeister, from German Kapelle (chapel) and Meister (master), literally "master of the chapel choir", designates the leader of an ensemble of musicians.

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Karl Alois, Prince Lichnowsky

Karl Alois, Prince Lichnowsky of Woschütz; (Karl Alois Johann-Nepomuk Vinzenz Leonhard, Fürst Lichnowsky von Woschütz, also known as Carl Alois, Fürst von Lichnowsky-Woschütz; 21 June 1761 – 15 April 1814) was the second Prince Lichnowsky and a chamberlain at the Imperial Austrian court.

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Karl Holz (violinist)

Karl Holz (1798 – 9 November 1858) was an Austrian violinist.

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Karl van Beethoven

Karl van Beethoven (4 September 1806 – 13 April 1858) was the only son born to Kaspar Anton Karl van Beethoven and Johanna van Beethoven (née Reiß: Reiss) and the sole nephew of composer Ludwig van Beethoven. Ludwig van Beethoven and Karl van Beethoven are Beethoven family and German people of Flemish descent.

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Kaspar Anton Karl van Beethoven

Kaspar Anton Karl van Beethoven (baptized 8 April 1774 – 15 November 1815) was a brother of the composer Ludwig van Beethoven. Ludwig van Beethoven and Kaspar Anton Karl van Beethoven are Beethoven family.

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Kassel

Kassel (in Germany, spelled Cassel until 1926) is a city on the Fulda River in northern Hesse, in central Germany.

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King Stephen (Beethoven)

King Stephen, Op.

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Kingdom of Westphalia

The Kingdom of Westphalia was a client state of France in present-day Germany that existed from 1807 to 1813.

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Landrecht (medieval)

The Landrecht ("customary law of the region", plural: Landrechte) was the law applying within an individual state in the Holy Roman Empire during the Middle Ages and Early Modern times.

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Late piano sonatas (Beethoven)

The late piano sonatas of Ludwig van Beethoven usually refer to the last five piano sonatas the composer composed during his late period.

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Late string quartets (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven's late string quartets are: These six works are Beethoven's last major completed compositions.

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Lead poisoning

Lead poisoning, also known as plumbism and saturnism, is a type of metal poisoning caused by lead in the body.

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Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor

Leopold II (Peter Leopold Josef Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard; 5 May 1747 – 1 March 1792) was the 44th Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia, and Archduke of Austria from 1790 to 1792, and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790.

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Leopold Mozart

Johann Georg Leopold Mozart (November 14, 1719 – May 28, 1787) was a German composer, violinist, and music theorist. Ludwig van Beethoven and Leopold Mozart are 18th-century German composers, 18th-century classical composers and German Roman Catholics.

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Linz

Linz (Linec) is the capital of Upper Austria and third-largest city in Austria.

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List of compositions by Ludwig van Beethoven

The list of compositions of Ludwig van Beethoven consists of 722 works written over forty-five years, from his earliest work in 1782 (variations for piano on a march by Ernst Christoph Dressler) when he was only eleven years old and still in Bonn, until his last work just before his death in Vienna in 1827.

See Ludwig van Beethoven and List of compositions by Ludwig van Beethoven

Liver

The liver is a major metabolic organ exclusively found in vertebrate animals, which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the synthesis of proteins and various other biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth.

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Louis Spohr

Louis Spohr (5 April 178422 October 1859), baptized Ludewig Spohr, later often in the modern German form of the name Ludwig was a German composer, violinist and conductor. Ludwig van Beethoven and Louis Spohr are 19th-century German composers, German Romantic composers, German male opera composers, German opera composers, German string quartet composers and oratorio composers.

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Louis XVIII

Louis XVIII (Louis Stanislas Xavier; 17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824), known as the Desired, was King of France from 1814 to 1824, except for a brief interruption during the Hundred Days in 1815.

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Ludwig Nohl

Ludwig Nohl (5 December 1831 in Iserlohn – 15 December 1885 in Heidelberg) was a German writer and musicologist best known for discovering and publishing Beethoven's famous bagatelle, "Für Elise". Ludwig van Beethoven and Ludwig Nohl are 19th-century German composers.

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Ludwig van Beethoven the Elder

Ludwig or Ludovicus van Beethoven the Elder (born Lodewijk van Beethoven; (?) January 5, 1712 – December 24, 1773) was a Flemish professional singer and music director, best known as the grandfather of the composer Ludwig van Beethoven. Ludwig van Beethoven and Ludwig van Beethoven the Elder are Beethoven family and German people of Flemish descent.

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Lydian mode

The modern Lydian mode is a seven-tone musical scale formed from a rising pattern of pitches comprising three whole tones, a semitone, two more whole tones, and a final semitone.

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Magistrate

The term magistrate is used in a variety of systems of governments and laws to refer to a civilian officer who administers the law.

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Maria Anna Mozart

Maria Anna Walburga Ignatia Mozart (30 July 1751 – 29 October 1829), usually called "Marianne" or nicknamed Nannerl, was a highly regarded musician from Salzburg, Austria. Ludwig van Beethoven and Maria Anna Mozart are child classical musicians.

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Maria Magdalena van Beethoven

Maria Magdalena van Beethoven, née Keverich (19 December 1746 – 17 July 1787) was the wife of the Bonn court musician Johann van Beethoven, and the mother of the composer Ludwig van Beethoven. Ludwig van Beethoven and Maria Magdalena van Beethoven are Beethoven family.

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Mass in C major (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven composed the Mass in C major, Op. 86, to a commission from Prince Nikolaus Esterházy II in 1807.

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Maurice Schlesinger

Moritz Adolf Schlesinger (30 October 1798 in Berlin – 25 February 1871 in Baden-Baden), generally known during his French career as Maurice Schlesinger, was a German music editor.

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Maximilian Friedrich von Königsegg-Rothenfels

Maximilian Friedrich von Königsegg-Rothenfels (13 May 1708 – 15 April 1784) was the Archbishop-Elector of Cologne and the Bishop of Münster from 1761 to 1784.

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Maynard Solomon

Maynard Elliott Solomon (January 5, 1930 – September 28, 2020) was an American music executive and musicologist, a co-founder of Vanguard Records as well as a music producer.

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Mödling

Mödling is the capital of the Austrian district of the same name located approximately 14 km south of Vienna.

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Mechelen

Mechelen (Malines; historically known as Mechlin in EnglishMechelen has been known in English as Mechlin, from where the adjective Mechlinian is derived. This name may still be used, especially in a traditional or historical context. The city's French name, Malines, had also been used in English in the past (in the 19th and 20th centuries); however, this has largely been abandoned.

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Meeresstille und glückliche Fahrt (Beethoven)

Meeresstille und Glückliche Fahrt, Op. 112 ("Calm Sea and Prosperous Voyage") is a cantata for chorus and orchestra composed by Ludwig van Beethoven.

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Metronome

A metronome is a device that produces an audible click or other sound at a uniform interval that can be set by the user, typically in beats per minute (BPM).

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Michael Umlauf

Michael Umlauf (August 9, 1781 – June 20, 1842), was an Austrian composer, conductor, and violinist.

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Minuet

A minuet (also spelled menuet) is a social dance of French origin for two people, usually in 4 time.

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Missa solemnis (Beethoven)

The Missa solemnis in D major, Op. 123, is a Solemn Mass composed by Ludwig van Beethoven from 1819 to 1823.

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Missouri

Missouri is a landlocked state in the Midwestern region of the United States.

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Murine typhus

Murine typhus, also known as endemic typhus or flea-borne typhus, is a form of typhus transmitted by fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis), usually on rats, in contrast to epidemic typhus which is usually transmitted by lice.

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Music & Letters

Music & Letters is an academic journal published quarterly by Oxford University Press with a focus on musicology.

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Musicology

Musicology (from Greek μουσική 'music' and -λογια, 'domain of study') is the scholarly study of music.

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Muzio Clementi

Muzio Filippo Vincenzo Francesco Saverio Clementi (23 January 175210 March 1832) was an Italian-British composer, virtuoso pianist, pedagogue, conductor, music publisher, editor, and piano manufacturer, who was mostly active in England. Ludwig van Beethoven and Muzio Clementi are 18th-century keyboardists and composers for piano.

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Nannette Streicher

Nannette Streicher (née Anna-Maria Stein; 2 January 1769, Augsburg – 16 January 1833, Vienna) was a German piano maker, composer, music educator, writer and a close friend of Ludwig van Beethoven. Ludwig van Beethoven and Nannette Streicher are 18th-century German composers.

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Napoleon

Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of successful campaigns across Europe during the Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815.

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NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.

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Nikolai Borisovich Galitzin

Prince Nikolai Borisovich Galitzin (Николай Борисович Голицын, (alternatively transcribed Golitsyn, Golitsïn or Golitsin; 8 December/19 December 1794 – 22 October/3 November 1866) was a Russian aristocrat of the Galitzin family. He was a military historian, an amateur musician, and is known particularly for his commissioning three string quartets — opp.

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Nikolaus II, Prince Esterházy

Nicholas II, Prince Esterházy (Esterházy II., Nikolaus II Esterházy; 12 December 176524 November 1833) was a Hungarian prince.

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Nikolaus Johann van Beethoven

Nikolaus Johann van Beethoven (2 October 1776 – 12 January 1848) was a brother of the composer Ludwig van Beethoven. Ludwig van Beethoven and Nikolaus Johann van Beethoven are Beethoven family.

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Nikolaus Simrock

Nikolaus Simrock (23 August 1751 in Mainz – 12 June 1832 in Bonn) was a German horn player at the court of the Elector of Cologne in Bonn and a music publisher. Ludwig van Beethoven and Nikolaus Simrock are musicians from Bonn.

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Nobility

Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy.

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Octet (Beethoven)

The Octet in E-flat major by Ludwig van Beethoven, Op. 103, is a work for two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, and two horns.

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Olomouc

Olomouc (Olmütz) is a city in the Czech Republic.

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Opera

Opera is a form of theatre in which music is a fundamental component and dramatic roles are taken by singers.

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Opus number

In music, the opus number is the "work number" that is assigned to a musical composition, or to a set of compositions, to indicate the chronological order of the composer's publication of that work.

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Oratorio

An oratorio is a musical composition with dramatic or narrative text for choir, soloists and orchestra or other ensemble.

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Otosclerosis

Otosclerosis is a condition of the middle ear where portions of the dense enchondral layer of the bony labyrinth remodel into one or more lesions of irregularly-laid spongy bone.

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Panharmonicon

The Panharmonicon was a musical instrument invented in 1805 by Johann Nepomuk Mälzel, a contemporary and friend of Beethoven.

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Piano concerto

A piano concerto, a type of concerto, is a solo composition in the classical music genre which is composed for piano accompanied by an orchestra or other large ensemble.

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Piano Concerto No. 1 (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven's Piano Concerto No.

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Piano Concerto No. 2 (Beethoven)

The Piano Concerto No.

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Piano Concerto No. 20 (Mozart)

The Piano Concerto No.

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Piano Concerto No. 3 (Beethoven)

Beethoven's Piano Concerto No.

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Piano Concerto No. 4 (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven's Piano Concerto No.

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Piano Concerto No. 5 (Beethoven)

The Piano Concerto No.

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Piano Sonata No. 14 (Beethoven)

The Piano Sonata No.

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