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Manuel I Komnenos

Index Manuel I Komnenos

Manuel I Komnenos (translit-std; 28 November 1118 – 24 September 1180), Latinized as Comnenus, also called Porphyrogenitus ("born in the purple"), was a Byzantine emperor of the 12th century who reigned over a crucial turning point in the history of Byzantium and the Mediterranean. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 273 relations: Abjuration, Acre, Israel, Adriatic Sea, Afyonkarahisar, Agrarian society, Akşehir, Alexander Vasiliev (historian), Alexios Axouch, Alexios II Komnenos, Almyros, Amalric of Jerusalem, Anathema, Anatolia, Ancient Corinth, Ancona, Andria, Andronikos I Komnenos, Andronikos Komnenos (son of Alexios I), Andronikos Komnenos (son of John II), Andronikos Kontostephanos, Anna Komnene, Antioch of Pisidia, Apulia, Arabs, Armenians, Ascalon, Augustus (title), Üsküdar, Baldwin III of Jerusalem, Balkans, Banaz, Bari, Basil II, Battle of Brindisi (1156), Battle of Constantinople (1147), Battle of Hyelion and Leimocheir, Battle of Legnano, Battle of Manzikert, Battle of Myriokephalon, Battle of Sirmium, Béla III of Hungary, Büyük Menderes River, Belgrade, Bertha of Sulzbach, Bethlehem, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Bithynia, Bithynium, Black Sea, Bohemond III of Antioch, ... Expand index (223 more) »

  2. 1118 births
  3. 1180 deaths
  4. 12th-century Byzantine emperors
  5. Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Seljuk wars

Abjuration

Abjuration is the solemn repudiation, abandonment, or renunciation by or upon oath, often the renunciation of citizenship or some other right or privilege.

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Acre, Israel

Acre, known locally as Akko (עַכּוֹ) and Akka (عكّا), is a city in the coastal plain region of the Northern District of Israel.

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Adriatic Sea

The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan Peninsula.

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Afyonkarahisar

Afyonkarahisar (afyon 'poppy, opium', kara 'black', hisar 'fortress') is a city in western Turkey.

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Agrarian society

An agrarian society, or agricultural society, is any community whose economy is based on producing and maintaining crops and farmland.

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Akşehir

Akşehir is a municipality and district of Konya Province, Turkey.

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Alexander Vasiliev (historian)

Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Васи́льев; 4 October 1867 (N.S.) – 30 May 1953) was considered the foremost authority on Byzantine history and culture in the mid-20th century.

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Alexios Axouch

Alexios Axouch or Axouchos, sometimes found as Axuch (Ἀλέξιος Ἀξούχ or Ἀξοῦχος), was a 12th-century Byzantine nobleman and military leader of Turkish ancestry. Manuel I Komnenos and Alexios Axouch are Komnenos dynasty.

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Alexios II Komnenos

Alexios II Komnenos (Ἀλέξιος Κομνηνός; 14 September 1169September 1183), Latinized Alexius II Comnenus, was Byzantine emperor from 1180 to 1183. Manuel I Komnenos and Alexios II Komnenos are 12th-century Byzantine emperors, Komnenos dynasty and sons of Byzantine emperors.

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Almyros

Almyros or Halmyros (Almyrós) is a town and a municipality of the regional unit of Magnesia, region of Thessaly, Greece.

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Amalric of Jerusalem

Amalric or Amaury I (Amalricus; Amaury; 113611 July 1174) was King of Jerusalem from 1163, and Count of Jaffa and Ascalon before his accession.

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Anathema

The word anathema has two main meanings.

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Anatolia

Anatolia (Anadolu), also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula or a region in Turkey, constituting most of its contemporary territory.

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Ancient Corinth

Corinth (Κόρινθος; Ϙόρινθος; Corinthus) was a city-state (polis) on the Isthmus of Corinth, the narrow stretch of land that joins the Peloponnese peninsula to the mainland of Greece, roughly halfway between Athens and Sparta.

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Ancona

Ancona (also) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region of Central Italy, with a population of around 101,997.

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Andria

Andria (Barese: Iàndrie) is a city and comune (municipality) in the Apulia region of Southern Italy.

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Andronikos I Komnenos

Andronikos I Komnenos (Ἀνδρόνικος Κομνηνός; – 12 September 1185), Latinized as Andronicus I Comnenus, was Byzantine emperor from 1183 to 1185. Manuel I Komnenos and Andronikos I Komnenos are 12th-century Byzantine emperors, Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Seljuk wars and Komnenos dynasty.

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Andronikos Komnenos (son of Alexios I)

Andronikos Komnenos (Ἀνδρόνικος Κομνηνός; 18 September 1091 – 1130/31) was a Byzantine prince and military commander. Manuel I Komnenos and Andronikos Komnenos (son of Alexios I) are Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Seljuk wars, Komnenos dynasty and sons of Byzantine emperors.

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Andronikos Komnenos (son of John II)

Andronikos Komnenos (Ἀνδρόνικος Κομνηνός) (– 1142), Latinized as Andronicus Comnenus, was a Byzantine prince of the Komnenian dynasty. Manuel I Komnenos and Andronikos Komnenos (son of John II) are Komnenos dynasty and sons of Byzantine emperors.

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Andronikos Kontostephanos

Andronikos Komnenos Kontostephanos (Ἀνδρόνικος Κομνηνός Κοντοστέφανος; ca. 1132/33 – after 1183), Latinized Andronicus Contostephanus, was a major figure in the Byzantine Empire during the reign of his uncle Manuel I Komnenos as a general, admiral, politician and a leading aristocrat. Manuel I Komnenos and Andronikos Kontostephanos are Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Seljuk wars and Komnenos dynasty.

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Anna Komnene

Anna Komnene (Ánna Komnēnḗ; 1 December 1083 – 1153), commonly Latinized as Anna Comnena, was a Byzantine Greek princess and historian. Manuel I Komnenos and Anna Komnene are Komnenos dynasty.

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Antioch of Pisidia

Antioch in Pisidia – alternatively Antiochia in Pisidia or Pisidian Antioch (Ἀντιόχεια τῆς Πισιδίας) and in Roman Empire, Latin: Antiochia Caesareia or Antiochia Colonia Caesarea – was a city in the Turkish Lakes Region, which was at the crossroads of the Mediterranean, Aegean and Central Anatolian regions, and formerly on the border of Pisidia and Phrygia, hence also known as Antiochia in Phrygia.

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Apulia

Apulia, also known by its Italian name Puglia, is a region of Italy, located in the southern peninsular section of the country, bordering the Adriatic Sea to the east, the Strait of Otranto and Ionian Sea to the southeast and the Gulf of Taranto to the south.

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Arabs

The Arabs (عَرَب, DIN 31635:, Arabic pronunciation), also known as the Arab people (الشَّعْبَ الْعَرَبِيّ), are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa.

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Armenians

Armenians (hayer) are an ethnic group and nation native to the Armenian highlands of West Asia.

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Ascalon

Ascalon (Philistine: 𐤀𐤔𐤒𐤋𐤍, romanized: *; ʾAšqəlōn; Askálōn; Ascalon; ʿAsqalān) was an ancient Near East port city on the Mediterranean coast of the southern Levant of high historical significance, including early on as a major Philistine city, and later as an much contested stronghold during the Crusades.

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Augustus (title)

Augustus (plural Augusti;,; "majestic", "great" or "venerable") was the main title of the Roman emperors during Antiquity.

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Üsküdar

Üsküdar is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey.

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Baldwin III of Jerusalem

Baldwin III (1130 – 10 February 1163) was King of Jerusalem from 1143 to 1163. Manuel I Komnenos and Baldwin III of Jerusalem are Christians of the Second Crusade.

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Balkans

The Balkans, corresponding partially with the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions.

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Banaz

Banaz is a town in Uşak Province in the inner Aegean region of Turkey.

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Bari

Bari (Bare; Barium) is the capital city of the Metropolitan City of Bari and of the Apulia region, on the Adriatic Sea, southern Italy.

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Basil II

Basil II Porphyrogenitus (Βασίλειος Πορφυρογέννητος; 958 – 15 December 1025), nicknamed the Bulgar Slayer (ὁ Βουλγαροκτόνος), was the senior Byzantine emperor from 976 to 1025. Manuel I Komnenos and Basil II are sons of Byzantine emperors.

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Battle of Brindisi (1156)

The Battle of Brindisi (1156) was fought by the Byzantine Empire and the Kingdom of Sicily over control of Southern Italy.

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Battle of Constantinople (1147)

The Battle of Constantinople in 1147 was a large-scale clash between the forces of the Byzantine Empire and the German crusaders of the Second Crusade, led by Conrad III of Germany, fought on the outskirts of the Byzantine capital, Constantinople.

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Battle of Hyelion and Leimocheir

The Battle of Hyelion and Leimocheir saw the almost complete destruction by the Byzantines of a large Seljuq Turk army.

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Battle of Legnano

The battle of Legnano was a battle between the imperial army of Frederick Barbarossa and the troops of the Lombard League on May 29, 1176, near the town of Legnano, in present-day Lombardy, Italy.

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Battle of Manzikert

The Battle of Manzikert or Malazgirt was fought between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk Empire on 26 August 1071 near Manzikert, theme of Iberia (modern Malazgirt in Muş Province, Turkey).

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Battle of Myriokephalon

The Battle of Myriokephalon (also known as the Battle of Myriocephalum, Μάχη τουΜυριοκέφαλου, Miryokefalon Savaşı or Düzbel Muharebesi) was a battle between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk Turks in the mountains west of Iconium (Konya) in southwestern Turkey on 17 September 1176.

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Battle of Sirmium

The Battle of Sirmium, Battle of Semlin or Battle of Zemun (zimonyi csata) was fought on July 8, 1167 between the Byzantine Empire (also known as Eastern Roman Empire), and the Kingdom of Hungary. Manuel I Komnenos and Battle of Sirmium are Komnenos dynasty.

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Béla III of Hungary

Béla III (III., Bela III., Belo III.; 114823 April 1196) was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1172 and 1196.

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Büyük Menderes River

The Büyük Menderes River ("Great Meander", historically the Maeander or Meander, from Ancient Greek: Μαίανδρος, Maíandros; Büyük Menderes Irmağı), is a river in southwestern Turkey.

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Belgrade

Belgrade.

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Bertha of Sulzbach

Bertha of Sulzbach (1110s – 1159), also known as Irene, was a Byzantine empress by marriage to Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos. Manuel I Komnenos and Bertha of Sulzbach are Komnenos dynasty.

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Bethlehem

Bethlehem (بيت لحم,,; בֵּית לֶחֶם) is a city in the Israeli-occupied West Bank of the State of Palestine, located about south of Jerusalem.

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Bibliothèque nationale de France

The ('National Library of France'; BnF) is the national library of France, located in Paris on two main sites known respectively as Richelieu and François-Mitterrand.

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Bithynia

Bithynia (Bithynía) was an ancient region, kingdom and Roman province in the northwest of Asia Minor (present-day Turkey), adjoining the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus, and the Black Sea.

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Bithynium

Bithynium or Bithynion (Βιθύνιον) was an ancient city in Bithynia.

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Black Sea

The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia.

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Bohemond III of Antioch

Bohemond III of Antioch, also known as Bohemond the Child or the Stammerer (Bohémond le Bambe/le Baube; 1148–1201), was Prince of Antioch from 1163 to 1201.

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Born in the purple

Traditionally, born in the purple (sometimes "born to the purple") was a category of members of royal families born during the reign of their parent.

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Bosnia (region)

Bosnia (Босна) is the northern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina, encompassing roughly 81% of the country; the other region, the southern part, is Herzegovina.

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Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina (Босна и Херцеговина), sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe, situated on the Balkan Peninsula.

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Bosporus

The Bosporus or Bosphorus Strait (Istanbul strait, colloquially Boğaz) is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Istanbul, Turkey.

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Brindisi

Brindisi is a city in the region of Apulia in southern Italy, the former capital of the province of Brindisi, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea.

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Bulgaria

Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located west of the Black Sea and south of the Danube river, Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north. It covers a territory of and is the 16th largest country in Europe.

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Byzantine army (Komnenian era)

The Byzantine army of the Komnenian era or Komnenian army was a force established by Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos during the late 11th/early 12th century. Manuel I Komnenos and Byzantine army (Komnenian era) are Komnenos dynasty.

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Byzantine calendar

The Byzantine calendar, also called the Roman calendar, the Creation Era of Constantinople or the Era of the World (Ἔτη Γενέσεως Κόσμουκατὰ Ῥωμαίους, also Ἔτος Κτίσεως Κόσμουor Ἔτος Κόσμου; 'Roman year since the creation of the universe', abbreviated as ε.Κ.), was the calendar used by the Eastern Orthodox Church from c.

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Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.

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Byzantine Greece

Byzantine Greece has a history that mainly coincides with that of the Byzantine Empire itself.

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Byzantine–Hungarian War (1149–1155)

The Byzantine–Hungarian War was a series of border conflicts between the Byzantine Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary that took place in the Balkans from 1149 to 1155.

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Byzantine–Venetian war of 1171

The Byzantine–Venetian War of 1171 was fought between the Byzantine Empire and the Republic of Venice as a result of the Byzantine imprisonment of Venetian merchants and citizens across the Empire.

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Caliphate

A caliphate or khilāfah (خِلَافَةْ) is a monarchical form of government (initially elective, later absolute) that originated in the 7th century Arabia, whose political identity is based on a claim of succession to the Islamic State of Muhammad and the identification of a monarch called caliph (خَلِيفَةْ) as his heir and successor.

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Carole Hillenbrand

Carole Hillenbrand (born 1943), is a British Islamic scholar who is Emerita Professor in Islamic History at the University of Edinburgh and Professor of Islamic History at the University of St Andrews.

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Carpathian Mountains

The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe and Southeast Europe.

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Catepanate of Italy

The Catepanate (or Catapanate) of Italy (κατεπανίκιον Ἰταλίας, Katepaníkion Italías) was a province of the Byzantine Empire from 965 until 1071.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

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Celaenae

Celaenae (Celænæ) or Kelainai (Κελαιναί) was an ancient city of Phrygia and capital of the Persian satrapy of Greater Phrygia, near the source of the Maeander River in what is today west central Turkey (Dinar of Afyonkarahisar Province), and was situated on the great trade route to the East.

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Chivalry

Chivalry, or the chivalric language, is an informal and varying code of conduct developed in Europe between 1170 and 1220.

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Church of the Holy Sepulchre

The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, also known as the Church of the Resurrection, is a fourth-century church in the Christian Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem.

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Church of the Nativity

The Church of the Nativity, or Basilica of the Nativity, is a basilica located in Bethlehem, West Bank, Palestine.

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Cilicia

Cilicia is a geographical region in southern Anatolia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea.

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Colossae

Colossae (Κολοσσαί) was an ancient city of Phrygia in Asia Minor, and one of the most celebrated cities of southern Anatolia (modern Turkey).

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Columbia University Press

Columbia University Press is a university press based in New York City, and affiliated with Columbia University.

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Comune

A comune (comuni) is an administrative division of Italy, roughly equivalent to a township or municipality.

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Conrad III of Germany

Conrad III (Konrad; Corrado; 1093 or 1094 – 15 February 1152) of the Hohenstaufen dynasty was from 1116 to 1120 Duke of Franconia, from 1127 to 1135 anti-king of his predecessor Lothair III, and from 1138 until his death in 1152 King of the Romans in the Holy Roman Empire. Manuel I Komnenos and Conrad III of Germany are Christians of the Second Crusade.

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Constance of Antioch

Constance of Hauteville (1128–1163) was the ruling princess of Antioch from 1130 to 1163.

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Constantinople

Constantinople (see other names) became the capital of the Roman Empire during the reign of Constantine the Great in 330.

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Corfu

Corfu or Kerkyra (Kérkyra) is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea, of the Ionian Islands, and, including its small satellite islands, forms the margin of the nation's northwestern frontier with Albania.

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Coronation of the Byzantine emperor

The coronation (stépsimon, or στεφάνωσις) was the main symbolic act of accession to the throne of a Byzantine emperor, co-emperor, or empress.

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Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae

The (Latin: "Corpus of Byzantine history sources") or CFHB is an international project aiming to collect, edit and provide textual criticism on the historical sources from the time of the Byzantine Empire (4th–15th centuries AD).

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Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae

The (CSHB; italic), also referred to as the Bonn Corpus, is a monumental fifty-volume series of primary sources for the study of Byzantine history (–1453), published in the German city of Bonn between 1828 and 1897.

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County of Edessa

"Les Croisades, Origines et consequences", Claude Lebedel, p.50--> The County of Edessa (Latin: Comitatus Edessanus) was a 12th-century Crusader state in Upper Mesopotamia.

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Coup d'état

A coup d'état, or simply a coup, is typically an illegal and overt attempt by a military organization or other government elites to unseat an incumbent leadership.

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Courser (horse)

A courser is a swift and strong horse, frequently used during the Middle Ages as a warhorse.

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Cremona

Cremona (also;; Cremùna; Carmona) is a city and comune in northern Italy, situated in Lombardy, on the left bank of the Po river in the middle of the Pianura Padana (Po Valley).

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Croatia

Croatia (Hrvatska), officially the Republic of Croatia (Republika Hrvatska), is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe.

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Crusader invasions of Egypt

A series of Crusader invasions of Egypt were undertaken by the Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1163 to 1169 to strengthen its position in the Levant by taking advantage of the weakness of the Fatimid Caliphate.

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Crusader states

The Crusader states, or Outremer, were four Catholic polities that existed in the Levant from 1098 to 1291.

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Cumans

The Cumans or Kumans (kumani; Kumanen;; Połowcy; cumani; polovtsy; polovtsi) were a Turkic nomadic people from Central Asia comprising the western branch of the Cuman–Kipchak confederation who spoke the Cuman language.

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Cyprus

Cyprus, officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.

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Dalmatia

Dalmatia (Dalmacija; Dalmazia; see names in other languages) is one of the four historical regions of Croatia, alongside Central Croatia, Slavonia, and Istria, located on the east shore of the Adriatic Sea in Croatia.

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Damietta

Damietta (دمياط; Tamiati) is a port city and the capital of the Damietta Governorate in Egypt.

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Danishmendids

The Danishmendids or Danishmends (Dânişmendliler) was a Turkoman beylik that ruled in north-central and eastern Anatolia from 1071/1075 to 1178.

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De Imperatoribus Romanis

De Imperatoribus Romanis (DIR) is an online peer-reviewed encyclopedia about the emperors of the Roman Empire, including the Byzantine Empire.

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Despotism

In political science, despotism (despotismós) is a form of government in which a single entity rules with absolute power.

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Dinar

The dinar is the name of the principal currency unit in several countries near the Mediterranean Sea, with a more widespread historical use.

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Dorylaeum

Dorylaeum or Dorylaion (Δορύλαιον; Şarhöyük) was an ancient city in Anatolia.

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Eastern Orthodox Church

The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, and also called the Greek Orthodox Church or simply the Orthodox Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 230 million baptised members.

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Eastern Orthodoxy

Eastern Orthodoxy, otherwise known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity or Byzantine Christianity, is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Catholicism and Protestantism.

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Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople

The ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople (translit) is the archbishop of Constantinople and primus inter pares (first among equals) among the heads of the several autocephalous churches that compose the Eastern Orthodox Church.

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Edessa

Edessa (Édessa) was an ancient city (polis) in Upper Mesopotamia, in what is now Urfa or Şanlıurfa, Turkey.

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Edward Gibbon

Edward Gibbon (8 May 173716 January 1794) was an English essayist, historian, and politician.

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Egypt

Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.

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Encomium

Encomium (encomia) is a Latin word deriving from the Ancient Greek enkomion (ἐγκώμιον), meaning "the praise of a person or thing." Another Latin equivalent is laudatio, a speech in praise of someone or something.

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Euboea

Euboea (Εὔβοια Eúboia), also known by its modern spelling Evia, is the second-largest Greek island in area and population, after Crete, and the sixth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Eucharist

The Eucharist (from evcharistía), also known as Holy Communion, the Blessed Sacrament and the Lord's Supper, is a Christian rite that is considered a sacrament in most churches, and as an ordinance in others.

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Fatimid Caliphate

The Fatimid Caliphate or Fatimid Empire (al-Khilāfa al-Fāṭimiyya) was a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries CE under the rule of the Fatimids, an Isma'ili Shia dynasty.

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First Crusade

The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the Middle Ages.

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Frederick Barbarossa

Frederick Barbarossa (December 1122 – 10 June 1190), also known as Frederick I (Friedrich I; Federico I), was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 until his death 35 years later in 1190. Manuel I Komnenos and Frederick Barbarossa are Christians of the Second Crusade.

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Fresco

Fresco (or frescoes) is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid ("wet") lime plaster.

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Galicia (Eastern Europe)

Galicia (. Collins English Dictionary Galicja,; translit,; Galitsye) is a historical and geographic region spanning what is now southeastern Poland and western Ukraine, long part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Galley

A galley was a type of ship which relied mostly on oars for propulsion that was used for warfare, trade, and piracy mostly in the seas surrounding Europe.

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Géza II of Hungary

Géza II (II.; Gejza II.; Gejza II.; 113031 May 1162) was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1141 to 1162.

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Genoa

Genoa (Genova,; Zêna) is a city in and the capital of the Italian region of Liguria, and the sixth-largest city in Italy.

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George of Antioch

George of Antioch (Greek: Γεώργιος ό Άντιοχεύς; died 1151 or 1152Al-Maqrizi, Kitab al-Tarikh al-Muqaffa li-Misr, in Arabic Administration in Norman Sicily: The Royal Dīwān, ed. and trans. Jeremy Johns, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 80-82.) was a court official and military officer in the Norman Kingdom of SicilyDawn Marie Hayes, “The Devotion of Roger II,” in Roger II of Sicily: Family, Faith, and Empire in the Medieval Mediterranean World (Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2020), 116.

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Giovinazzo

Giovinazzo (Barese: Scevenàzze) is a town, comune (municipality) and former bishopric within the Metropolitan City of Bari, Apulia region, southeastern Italy.

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God the Father

God the Father is a title given to God in Christianity.

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Grand domestic

The title of Grand domestic (mégas doméstikos) was given in the 11th–15th centuries to the commander-in-chief of the Byzantine army, directly below the Byzantine Emperor.

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Grand Principality of Serbia

Grand Principality of Serbia (Velikožupanska Srbija), also known by anachronistic exonym as Rascia (Raška), was a medieval Serbian state that existed from the second half of the 11th century up until 1217, when it was transformed into the Kingdom of Serbia.

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Great Palace of Constantinople

The Great Palace of Constantinople (Μέγα Παλάτιον, Méga Palátion; Palatium Magnum), also known as the Sacred Palace (Ἱερὸν Παλάτιον, Hieròn Palátion; Sacrum Palatium), was the large imperial Byzantine palace complex located in the south-eastern end of the peninsula now known as Old Istanbul (formerly Constantinople), in modern Turkey.

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Greek East and Latin West

Greek East and Latin West are terms used to distinguish between the two parts of the Greco-Roman world and of medieval Christendom, specifically the eastern regions where Greek was the lingua franca (Greece, Anatolia, the southern Balkans, the Levant, and Egypt) and the western parts where Latin filled this role (Italy, Gaul, Hispania, North Africa, the northern Balkans, territories in Central Europe, and the British Isles).

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Greek numerals

Greek numerals, also known as Ionic, Ionian, Milesian, or Alexandrian numerals, are a system of writing numbers using the letters of the Greek alphabet.

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Greeks

The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Anatolia, parts of Italy and Egypt, and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with many Greek communities established around the world..

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Hagia Sophia

Hagia Sophia ('Holy Wisdom'), officially the Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque (Ayasofya-i Kebir Cami-i Şerifi), is a mosque and former church serving as a major cultural and historical site in Istanbul, Turkey.

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Hegemony

Hegemony is the political, economic, and military predominance of one state over other states, either regional or global.

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Henry II of England

Henry II, also known as Henry Fitzempress and Henry Curtmantle, was King of England from 1154 until his death in 1189.

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Heraclius

Heraclius (Hērákleios; – 11 February 641) was Byzantine emperor from 610 to 641.

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Hereke

Hereke is a settlement in Kocaeli province, Turkey, located to the north of the Gulf of İzmit, near Istanbul.

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History of the Mediterranean region

The history of the Mediterranean region and of the cultures and people of the Mediterranean Basin is important for understanding the origin and development of the Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Canaanite, Phoenician, Hebrew, Carthaginian, Minoan, Greek, Persian, Illyrian, Thracian, Etruscan, Iberian, Roman, Byzantine, Bulgarian, Arab, Berber, Ottoman, Christian and Islamic cultures.

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Hohenstaufen

The Hohenstaufen dynasty, also known as the Staufer, was a noble family of unclear origin that rose to rule the Duchy of Swabia from 1079, and to royal rule in the Holy Roman Empire during the Middle Ages from 1138 until 1254.

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Holy Land

The Holy Land is an area roughly located between the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern bank of the Jordan River, traditionally synonymous both with the biblical Land of Israel and with the region of Palestine.

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Holy Spirit

In Judaism, the Holy Spirit, otherwise known as the Holy Ghost, is the divine force, quality and influence of God over the universe or his creatures.

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Horse transports in the Middle Ages

In the Middle Ages, boats were used to transport horses over long distances, both for war and for trade.

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Hugo Etherianus

Hugh Etherianus, or Ugo Eteriano (1115–1182), was an adviser on western church affairs to Byzantine emperor Manuel Comnenus.

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Hungarians

Hungarians, also known as Magyars (magyarok), are a Central European nation and an ethnic group native to Hungary and historical Hungarian lands (i.e. belonging to the former Kingdom of Hungary) who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language.

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Hungary

Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

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Imad al-Din Zengi

Imad al-Din Zengi (عماد الدین زنكي; – 14 September 1146), also romanized as Zangi, Zengui, Zenki, and Zanki, was a Turkoman atabeg of the Seljuk Empire, who ruled Mosul, Aleppo, Hama, and, later, Edessa.

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Indiction

An indiction (indictio, impost) was a periodic reassessment of taxation in the Roman Empire which took place every fifteen years.

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Irene of Hungary

Irene of Hungary (Greek: Είρήνη, born Piroska; died 13 August 1134) was a Byzantine empress by marriage to John II Komnenos. Manuel I Komnenos and Irene of Hungary are Komnenos dynasty.

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Isaac Komnenos (son of Alexios I)

Isaac Komnenos or Comnenus (Isaakios Komnēnos; 16 January 1093 – after 1152) was the third son of Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and Empress Irene Doukaina. Manuel I Komnenos and Isaac Komnenos (son of Alexios I) are Komnenos dynasty and sons of Byzantine emperors.

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Isaac Komnenos (son of John II)

Isaac Komnenos or Comnenus (Isaakios Komnēnos; – after 1146), was the third son of Byzantine Emperor John II Komnenos by Irene of Hungary. Manuel I Komnenos and Isaac Komnenos (son of John II) are Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Seljuk wars, Komnenos dynasty and sons of Byzantine emperors.

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Isauria

Isauria (or; Ἰσαυρία), in ancient geography, is a rugged, isolated district in the interior of Asia Minor, of very different extent at different periods, but generally covering what is now the district of Bozkır and its surroundings in the Konya Province of Turkey, or the core of the Taurus Mountains.

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Islam

Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.

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Italian Peninsula

The Italian Peninsula (Italian: penisola italica or penisola italiana), also known as the Italic Peninsula, Apennine Peninsula or Italian Boot, is a peninsula extending from the southern Alps in the north to the central Mediterranean Sea in the south, which comprises much of the country of Italy and the enclaved microstates of San Marino and Vatican City.

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Iziaslav II of Kiev

Iziaslav II Mstislavich (at Izbornik – 13 November 1154) was Grand Prince of Kiev (1146–1154).

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Jesus

Jesus (AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ, Jesus of Nazareth, and many other names and titles, was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader.

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Jihad

Jihad (jihād) is an Arabic word which literally means "exerting", "striving", or "struggling", especially with a praiseworthy aim.

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John Axouch

John Axouch or Axouchos (Iōánnēs Axoûchos), also transliterated as Axuch, was the commander-in-chief (megas domestikos) of the Byzantine army during the reign of Emperor John II Komnenos, and during the early part of the reign of his son Manuel I Komnenos. Manuel I Komnenos and John Axouch are Komnenos dynasty.

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John Chrysostom

John Chrysostom (Ἰωάννης ὁ Χρυσόστομος; 14 September 407 AD) was an important Early Church Father who served as Archbishop of Constantinople.

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John Doukas (megas hetaireiarches)

John Doukas (Iōannēs Doúkas) was a senior Byzantine military commander and diplomat under Manuel I Komnenos, serving in Italy, Hungary, Asia Minor, and the Holy Land.

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John Doukas Komnenos

John Doukas Komnenos (1128 – September 1176) was a son of Andronikos Komnenos. Manuel I Komnenos and John Doukas Komnenos are Komnenos dynasty.

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John II Komnenos

John II Komnenos or Comnenus (Iōannēs ho Komnēnos; 13 September 1087 – 8 April 1143) was Byzantine emperor from 1118 to 1143. Manuel I Komnenos and John II Komnenos are 12th-century Byzantine emperors, Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Seljuk wars, Komnenos dynasty and sons of Byzantine emperors.

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John Kinnamos

Joannes Kinnamos, or John Cinnamus (Ἰωάννης Κίνναμος or Κίναμος; born shortly after 1143, died after 1185), was a Byzantine historian.

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John Komnenos Vatatzes

John Komnenos Vatatzes (Ἰωάννης Κομνηνὸς Βατάτζης, Iōannēs Komnēnos Vatatzēs), or simply John Komnenos or John Vatatzes (the transliteration 'Batatzes' is also employed) in the sources, was a major military and political figure in the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire during the reigns of Manuel I Komnenos and Alexios II Komnenos. Manuel I Komnenos and John Komnenos Vatatzes are Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Seljuk wars and Komnenos dynasty.

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John Phokas

John Phokas (Ἰωάννης Φωκᾶς, Iōánnēs Phōkâs) or Phocas (Johannes Phocas) was a 12th-century Byzantine pilgrim to the Holy Land. Manuel I Komnenos and John Phokas are Christians of the Second Crusade.

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Jousting

Jousting is a medieval and renaissance martial game or hastilude between two combatants either on horse or on foot.

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Kaykhusraw I

Kaykhusraw I (كَیخُسرو or Ghiyāth ad-Dīn Kaykhusraw ibn Kilij Arslān; غياث‌الدين كيخسرو بن قلج ارسلان), the eleventh and youngest son of Kilij Arslan II, was Seljuk Sultan of Rûm.

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Kütahya

Kütahya (historically, Cotyaeum or Kotyaion; Greek: Κοτύαιον) is a city in western Turkey which lies on the Porsuk River, at 969 metres above sea level.

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Keçiborlu

Keçiborlu is a town in Isparta Province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey.

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Kilij Arslan II

Kilij Arslan II (قِلِج اَرسلان دوم) or ʿIzz ad-Dīn Kilij Arslān ibn Masʿūd (عز الدین قلج ارسلان بن مسعود) (Modern Turkish Kılıç Arslan, meaning "Sword Lion") was a Seljuk Sultan of Rûm from 1156 until his death in 1192.

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King of Jerusalem

The king or queen of Jerusalem was the supreme ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, a Crusader state founded in Jerusalem by the Latin Catholic leaders of the First Crusade, when the city was conquered in 1099.

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Kingdom of Hungary

The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century.

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Kingdom of Jerusalem

The Kingdom of Jerusalem, also known as the Latin Kingdom, was a Crusader state that was established in the Levant immediately after the First Crusade.

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Kingdom of Sicily

The Kingdom of Sicily (Regnum Siciliae; Regno di Sicilia; Regnu di Sicilia) was a state that existed in Sicily and the south of the Italian Peninsula plus, for a time, in Northern Africa from its founding by Roger II of Sicily in 1130 until 1816.

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Komnenian restoration

The Komnenian restoration is the term used by historians to describe the military, financial, and territorial recovery of the Byzantine Empire under the Komnenian dynasty, from the accession of Alexios I Komnenos in 1081 to the death of Andronikos I Komnenos in 1185. Manuel I Komnenos and Komnenian restoration are Komnenos dynasty.

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Komnenos

The House of Komnenos (pl. Komnenoi; Κομνηνός, pl. Κομνηνοί), Latinized as Comnenus (pl. Comneni), was a Byzantine Greek noble family who ruled the Byzantine Empire in the 11th and 12th centuries. Manuel I Komnenos and Komnenos are Komnenos dynasty.

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Konya

Konya is a major city in central Turkey, on the southwestern edge of the Central Anatolian Plateau, and is the capital of Konya Province.

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Kyiv

Kyiv (also Kiev) is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine.

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Ladislaus I of Hungary

Ladislaus I (I., Ladislav I., Ladislav I., Władysław I; 1040 – 29 July 1095), also known as Saint Ladislas, was King of Hungary from 1077 and King of Croatia from 1091.

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Laodicea on the Lycus

Laodicea on the Lycus (Λαοδίκεια πρὸς τοῦ ΛύκουLaodikeia pros tou Lykou; Laodicea ad Lycum, also transliterated as Laodiceia or Laodikeia) (modern Laodikeia) was a rich ancient Greek city in Asia Minor, now Turkey, on the river Lycus (Çürüksu).

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Latinisation of names

Latinisation (or Latinization) of names, also known as onomastic Latinisation, is the practice of rendering a non-Latin name in a modern Latin style.

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Levant

The Levant is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region of West Asia and core territory of the political term ''Middle East''.

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Liguria

Liguria (Ligûria) is a region of north-western Italy; its capital is Genoa.

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List of Byzantine emperors

The foundation of Constantinople in 330 AD marks the conventional start of the Eastern Roman Empire, which fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD.

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List of French monarchs

France was ruled by monarchs from the establishment of the Kingdom of West Francia in 843 until the end of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions.

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List of people known as the Great

This is a list of people known as the Great, or the equivalent, in their own language.

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Logos (Christianity)

In Christianity, the Logos (lit) is a name or title of Jesus Christ, seen as the pre-existent second person of the Trinity.

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Lombard League

The Lombard League (Liga Lombarda in Lombard, Lega Lombarda in Italian) was a medieval alliance formed in 1167, supported by the popes, to counter the attempts by the Hohenstaufen Holy Roman emperors to assert influence over the Kingdom of Italy as a part of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Louis VII of France

Louis VII (1120 – 18 September 1180), called the Younger or the Young (le Jeune) to differentiate him from his father Louis VI, was King of France from 1137 to 1180. Manuel I Komnenos and Louis VII of France are 1180 deaths and Christians of the Second Crusade.

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Luke Chrysoberges

Luke Chrysoberges (Λουκᾶς Χρυσοβέργης; died November 1169) was Patriarch of Constantinople between 1156 and 1169.

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Macedonia (region)

Macedonia is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe.

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Manuel Maurozomes

Manuel Komnenos Maurozomes (Μανουήλ Κομνηνός Μαυροζώμης; died) was a Byzantine nobleman who in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade tried to found an independent principality in Phrygia. Manuel I Komnenos and Manuel Maurozomes are Komnenos dynasty.

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Maria Komnene (daughter of Manuel I)

Maria Komnene (or Comnena) (Μαρία Κομνηνή, Maria Komnēnē; Constantinople, March 1152 – July 1182) was the eldest daughter of the Emperor Manuel I Komnenos by his first wife, Bertha of Sulzbach. Manuel I Komnenos and Maria Komnene (daughter of Manuel I) are Komnenos dynasty.

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Maria Komnene, Queen of Jerusalem

Maria Komnene (Μαρία Κομνηνή; – 1217), Latinized Comnena, was the queen of Jerusalem from 1167 until 1174 as the second wife of King Amalric. Manuel I Komnenos and Maria Komnene, Queen of Jerusalem are Komnenos dynasty.

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Maria of Antioch

Maria of Antioch (1145–1182) was a Byzantine empress by marriage to Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos, and regent during the minority of her son porphyrogennetos Alexios II Komnenos from 1180 until 1182. Manuel I Komnenos and Maria of Antioch are Komnenos dynasty.

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Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.

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Megas doux

The megas doux (μέγας δούξ,, "grand duke") was one of the highest positions in the hierarchy of the later Byzantine Empire, denoting the commander-in-chief of the Byzantine navy.

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Mesud I

Rukn al-Dīn Mesud Klada ibn Kilij Arslan or Mesud I (Modern I. or Masud was the sultan of the Sultanate of Rûm from 1116 until his death in 1156.

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Michael II of Constantinople

Michael II Kourkouas (Oxeites) (Greek: Μιχαὴλ Κουρκούας (Ὀξείτης); died after 1146) was an Eastern Orthodox patriarch of Constantinople (July 1143 – March 1146).

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Michael III of Constantinople

Michael III of Anchialus (Μιχαήλ; died March 1178) was Patriarch of Constantinople from January 1170 to March 1178.

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Michael Palaiologos (general)

Michael Palaiologos (Μιχαήλ Παλαιολόγος, died 1156) was an early member of the great family of the Palaiologoi, which later ruled the Byzantine Empire.

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Milan

Milan (Milano) is a city in northern Italy, regional capital of Lombardy, and the second-most-populous city proper in Italy after Rome.

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Muhammad

Muhammad (570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam.

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Muslims

Muslims (God) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition.

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Niketas Choniates

Niketas or Nicetas Choniates (Νικήτας Χωνιάτης; – 1217), whose actual surname was Akominatos (Ἀκομινάτος), was a Byzantine Greek historian and politician.

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Niksar

Niksar, historically known as Neocaesarea (Νεοκαισάρεια), is a city in Tokat Province, Turkey.

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Normans

The Normans (Norman: Normaunds; Normands; Nortmanni/Normanni) were a population arising in the medieval Duchy of Normandy from the intermingling between Norse Viking settlers and locals of West Francia.

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Nur al-Din Zengi

Nūr al-Dīn Maḥmūd Zengī (نور الدين محمود زنگي; February 1118 – 15 May 1174), commonly known as Nur ad-Din (lit. 'Light of the Faith' in Arabic), was a Turkoman member of the Zengid dynasty, who ruled the Syrian province of the Seljuk Empire. Manuel I Komnenos and Nur al-Din Zengi are 1118 births.

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Patriarch of Antioch

The Patriarch of Antioch is a traditional title held by the bishop of Antioch (modern-day Antakya, Turkey).

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Paul Magdalino

Paul Magdalino (born 10 May 1948) is a British Byzantinist who is Bishop Wardlaw Professor (Emeritus) of Byzantine History at the University of St Andrews.

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Pavia

Pavia (Ticinum; Papia) is a town and comune of south-western Lombardy, in Northern Italy, south of Milan on the lower Ticino near its confluence with the Po.

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Perfidy

In the context of war, perfidy is a form of deception in which one side promises to act in good faith (such as by raising a flag of truce) with the intention of breaking that promise once the unsuspecting enemy is exposed (such as by coming out of cover to take the "surrendering" prisoners into custody).

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Philip I, Count of Flanders

Philip I (1143 – 1 August 1191), commonly known as Philip of Alsace, was count of Flanders from 1168 to 1191.

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Piers Paul Read

Piers Paul Read FRSL (born 7 March 1941) is a British novelist, historian and biographer.

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Pinkernes

Pinkernes (pinkernēs), sometimes also epinkernes (ἐπιγκέρνης, epinkernēs), was a high Byzantine court position.

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Pisa

Pisa is a city and comune in Tuscany, central Italy, straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea.

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Pope

The pope (papa, from lit) is the bishop of Rome and the visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church.

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Pope Adrian IV

Pope Adrian IV (Adrianus IV; born Nicholas Breakspear (or Brekespear); 1 September 1159, also Hadrian IV) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 4 December 1154 to his death in 1159.

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Pope Alexander III

Pope Alexander III (c. 1100/1105 – 30 August 1181), born Roland (Rolando), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 September 1159 until his death in 1181.

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Prince of Antioch

Prince of Antioch was the title given during the Middle Ages to Norman rulers of the Principality of Antioch, a region surrounding the city of Antioch, now known as Antakya in Turkey.

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Principality of Galicia

The Principality of Galicia (translit; Galickoje kǔnęžǐstvo), also known as Principality of Halych or Principality of Halychian Rus, was a medieval East Slavic principality, and one of the main regional states within the political scope of Kievan Rus', established by members of the oldest line of Yaroslav the Wise descendants.

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Punitive expedition

A punitive expedition is a military journey undertaken to punish a political entity or any group of people outside the borders of the punishing state or union.

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Raymond of Poitiers

Raymond of Poitiers (c. 1105 – 29 June 1149) was Prince of Antioch from 1136 to 1149. Manuel I Komnenos and Raymond of Poitiers are Christians of the Second Crusade.

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Raynald of Châtillon

Raynald of Châtillon (11244 July 1187), also known as Reynald, Reginald, or Renaud, was Prince of Antioch—a crusader state in the Middle East—from 1153 to 1160 or 1161, and Lord of Oultrejordain—a large fiefdom in the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem—from 1175 until his death, ruling both territories iure uxoris ('by right of wife'). Manuel I Komnenos and Raynald of Châtillon are Christians of the Second Crusade.

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Razzia (military)

A razzia is a surprise attack against an enemy settlement.

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Regent

In a monarchy, a regent is a person appointed to govern a state for the time being because the actual monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge their powers and duties, or the throne is vacant and a new monarch has not yet been determined.

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Renier of Montferrat

Renier of Montferrat (in Italian, Ranieri di Monferrato) (1162–1183) was the fifth son of William V of Montferrat and Judith of Babenberg. Manuel I Komnenos and Renier of Montferrat are Komnenos dynasty.

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Republic of Venice

The Republic of Venice, traditionally known as La Serenissima, was a sovereign state and maritime republic with its capital in Venice.

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Rhetoric

Rhetoric is the art of persuasion.

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Robert de Clari

Robert de Clari (or Cléry, the modern name of the place, on the commune of Pernois) was a knight from Picardy.

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Robert III, Count of Loritello

Robert of Bassunvilla (also Basunvilla and Bassonville) (c. 1125 – died 15 September 1182) was the count of Conversano (from 1138) and Loritello (from 1154, as Robert III).

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Roger II of Sicily

Roger II or Roger the Great (Ruggero II, Ruggeru II, Greek: Ρογέριος; 22 December 1095 – 26 February 1154) was King of Sicily and Africa, son of Roger I of Sicily and successor to his brother Simon. Manuel I Komnenos and Roger II of Sicily are Christians of the Second Crusade.

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Roman Curia

The Roman Curia (Romana Curia) comprises the administrative institutions of the Holy See and the central body through which the affairs of the Roman Catholic Church are conducted.

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Rostislav I of Kiev

Rostislav Mstislavich (– 1167) was Prince of Smolensk (1125–1160), Novgorod (1154) and Grand Prince of Kiev (1154–1155; 1159–1161; 1161–1167).

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Sack of Thessalonica (1185)

The sack of Thessalonica in 1185 by Normans of the Kingdom of Sicily was one of the worst disasters to befall the Byzantine Empire in the 12th century.

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Saladin

Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub (– 4 March 1193), commonly known as Saladin, was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty.

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Sasanian Empire

The Sasanian Empire or Sassanid Empire, and officially known as Eranshahr ("Land/Empire of the Iranians"), was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th to 8th centuries.

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Sava

The Sava is a river in Central and Southeast Europe, a right-bank and the longest tributary of the Danube.

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Sebastokrator

Sebastokrator (August Ruler,; sevastokrator; sebastokrator), was a senior court title in the late Byzantine Empire.

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Sebastos

(venerable one, Augustus,; plural σεβαστοί) was an honorific used by the ancient Greeks to render the Roman imperial title of Augustus.

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Second Crusade

The Second Crusade (1147–1150) was the second major crusade launched from Europe.

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Seljuk dynasty

The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids (سلجوقیان Saljuqian, alternatively spelled as Seljuqs or Saljuqs), Seljuqs, also known as Seljuk Turks, Seljuk Turkomans "The defeat in August 1071 of the Byzantine emperor Romanos Diogenes by the Turkomans at the battle of Malazgirt (Manzikert) is taken as a turning point in the history of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire." or the Saljuqids, was an Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually became Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persian culture in West Asia and Central Asia.

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Serbia

Serbia, officially the Republic of Serbia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Southeast and Central Europe, located in the Balkans and the Pannonian Plain.

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Serbs

The Serbs (Srbi) are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Southeastern Europe who share a common Serbian ancestry, culture, history, and language.

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Sicily

Sicily (Sicilia,; Sicilia,, officially Regione Siciliana) is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe and is one of the 20 regions of Italy.

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Siege engine

A siege engine is a device that is designed to break or circumvent heavy castle doors, thick city walls and other fortifications in siege warfare.

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Siege of Claudiopolis

The siege of Claudiopolis was a Byzantine victory over a Seljuq Turk army in February–March 1179.

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Siena

Siena (Sena Iulia) is a city in Tuscany, Italy.

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Sirmium

Sirmium was a city in the Roman province of Pannonia, located on the Sava river, on the site of modern Sremska Mitrovica in the Vojvodina autonomous province of Serbia.

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Sivas

Sivas (Latin and Greek: Sebastia, Sebastea, Σεβάστεια, Σεβαστή) is a city in central Turkey.

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Soterichos Panteugenos

Soterichos Panteugenos (Σωτήριχος Παντεύγενος) was a Byzantine cleric and theologian who was briefly Patriarch-elect of Antioch in 1156–57.

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Southern Carpathians

The Southern Carpathians (also known as the Transylvanian Alps; Carpații Meridionali; Déli-Kárpátok) are a group of mountain ranges located in southern Romania.

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Southern Italy

Southern Italy (Sud Italia,, or Italia meridionale,; 'o Sudde; Italia dû Suddi), also known as Meridione or Mezzogiorno (Miezojuorno; Menzujornu), is a macroregion of Italy consisting of its southern regions.

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Spinello Aretino

Spinello Aretino (c. 1350 – c. 1410) was an Italian painter from Arezzo, who was active in Tuscany at the end of the 14th and the first decennium of the 15th century.

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Stephen III of Hungary

Stephen III (III., Stjepan III.; Štefan III.; summer of 11474 March 1172) was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1162 and 1172.

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Sultan

Sultan (سلطان) is a position with several historical meanings.

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Sultanate of Rum

The Sultanate of Rûm was a culturally Turco-Persian Sunni Muslim state, established over conquered Byzantine territories and peoples (Rûm) of Anatolia by the Seljuk Turks following their entry into Anatolia after the Battle of Manzikert (1071).

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Suzdal

Suzdal (Суздаль) is a town that serves as the administrative center of Suzdalsky District in Vladimir Oblast, Russia, which is located near the Kamenka River, north of the city of Vladimir.

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Synod

A synod is a council of a Christian denomination, usually convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or application.

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Syria

Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant.

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Syrmia

Syrmia (Ekavian separator or Ijekavian separator) is a region of the southern Pannonian Plain, which lies between the Danube and Sava rivers.

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Taranto

Taranto (Tarde) is a coastal city in Apulia, Southern Italy.

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Thebes, Greece

Thebes (Θήβα, Thíva; Θῆβαι, Thêbai.) is a city in Boeotia, Central Greece, and is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.

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Thessaloniki

Thessaloniki (Θεσσαλονίκη), also known as Thessalonica, Saloniki, Salonika, or Salonica, is the second-largest city in Greece, with slightly over one million inhabitants in its metropolitan area, and the capital of the geographic region of Macedonia, the administrative region of Central Macedonia and the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace.

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Thoros II

Thoros II (Թորոս Բ; died February 6, 1169), also known as Thoros the Great, was the sixth lord of Armenian Cilicia from the Rubenid dynasty from 1144/1145 until 1169. Manuel I Komnenos and Thoros II are Christians of the Second Crusade.

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Trani

Trani is a seaport of Apulia, Southern Italy, on the Adriatic Sea, by railway west-northwest of Bari.

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Transylvania

Transylvania (Transilvania or Ardeal; Erdély; Siebenbürgen or Transsilvanien, historically Überwald, also Siweberjen in the Transylvanian Saxon dialect) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania.

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Treaty of Venice

The Treaty or Peace of Venice, 1177, was a peace treaty between the papacy and its allies, the north Italian city-states of the Lombard League, and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor.

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Uluabat

Uluabat, in the Byzantine period Lopadion (Λοπάδιον), Latinized as Lopadium, is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Karacabey, Bursa Province, Turkey.

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Vatican Apostolic Archive

The Vatican Apostolic Archive (Archivum Apostolicum Vaticanum; Archivio Apostolico Vaticano), formerly known as the Vatican Secret Archive, is the central repository in the Vatican City of all acts promulgated by the Holy See.

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Vatican Library

The Vatican Apostolic Library (Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana), more commonly known as the Vatican Library or informally as the Vat, is the library of the Holy See, located in Vatican City, and is the city-state's national library.

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Vladimirko Volodarovich

Volodymyrko Volodarovych (Volodymyrko Volodarovych) or Vladimirko Volodarovich (date; 1104 – February 1153) was a Galician prince (from 1141, according to others from 1144), son of Volodar Rostyslavych.

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Wallachian Plain

The Romanian Plain (Câmpia Română) is located in southern Romania and the easternmost tip of Serbia, where it is known as the Wallachian Plain (Vlaška nizija).

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Walls of Constantinople

The Walls of Constantinople (Konstantinopolis Surları; Τείχη της Κωνσταντινουπόλης) are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul in Turkey) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great.

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Warship

A warship or combatant ship is a ship that is built and primarily intended for naval warfare.

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Western Christianity

Western Christianity is one of two subdivisions of Christianity (Eastern Christianity being the other).

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William I of Sicily

William I (1120 or 1121May 7, 1166), called the Bad or the Wicked (Gugghiermu lu Malu), was the second king of Sicily, ruling from his father's death in 1154 to his own in 1166.

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William of Tyre

William of Tyre (Willelmus Tyrensis; 113029 September 1186) was a medieval prelate and chronicler.

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Yaroslav Osmomysl

Yaroslav Osmomysl (Осмомыслъ Ярославъ, Osmomyslŭ Jaroslavŭ; Ярослав Володимирович Осмомисл, Yaroslav Volodymyrkovych Osmomysl) (– 1 October 1187) was a prince of Halych (now in western Ukraine).

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Yuri Dolgorukiy

Yuri I Vladimirovich (Yury Vladimirovich; Гюрги Володи́мирович; c. 1099 – 15 May 1157), commonly known as Yuri Dolgorukiy (Yury Dolgoruky) or the Long Arm, was a Monomakhovichi prince of Rostov and Suzdal, acquiring the name Suzdalia during his reign.

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Zachary Brooke (historian)

Zachary Nugent Brooke (1 December 1883 – 2 October 1946) was a British medieval historian.

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Zeyrek Mosque

Zeyrek Mosque (Zeyrek Camii) or the Monastery of the Pantokrator (Μονή τουΠαντοκράτορος Χριστού, in Pantokrator Manastırı), is a large mosque in Fazilet Sokağı in the Zeyrek district of Fatih in Istanbul, overlooking the Golden Horn.

See Manuel I Komnenos and Zeyrek Mosque

See also

1118 births

1180 deaths

12th-century Byzantine emperors

Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Seljuk wars

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_I_Komnenos

Also known as Byzantine emperor Manuel I, Emmanuel Komnenos, Emmanuel Komnenus, Emperor Manuel, Italian expedition of Manuel I Komnenos, Manuel Comnenus, Manuel I Comnenos, Manuel I Comnenus, Manuel I Komnenus, Manuel I Komninos, Manuel I Konmenos, Manuel Komnenos, Manuel Komnenus.

, Born in the purple, Bosnia (region), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosporus, Brindisi, Bulgaria, Byzantine army (Komnenian era), Byzantine calendar, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Greece, Byzantine–Hungarian War (1149–1155), Byzantine–Venetian war of 1171, Caliphate, Carole Hillenbrand, Carpathian Mountains, Catepanate of Italy, Catholic Church, Celaenae, Chivalry, Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Church of the Nativity, Cilicia, Colossae, Columbia University Press, Comune, Conrad III of Germany, Constance of Antioch, Constantinople, Corfu, Coronation of the Byzantine emperor, Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae, Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae, County of Edessa, Coup d'état, Courser (horse), Cremona, Croatia, Crusader invasions of Egypt, Crusader states, Cumans, Cyprus, Dalmatia, Damietta, Danishmendids, De Imperatoribus Romanis, Despotism, Dinar, Dorylaeum, Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodoxy, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, Edessa, Edward Gibbon, Egypt, Encomium, Euboea, Eucharist, Fatimid Caliphate, First Crusade, Frederick Barbarossa, Fresco, Galicia (Eastern Europe), Galley, Géza II of Hungary, Genoa, George of Antioch, Giovinazzo, God the Father, Grand domestic, Grand Principality of Serbia, Great Palace of Constantinople, Greek East and Latin West, Greek numerals, Greeks, Hagia Sophia, Hegemony, Henry II of England, Heraclius, Hereke, History of the Mediterranean region, Hohenstaufen, Holy Land, Holy Spirit, Horse transports in the Middle Ages, Hugo Etherianus, Hungarians, Hungary, Imad al-Din Zengi, Indiction, Irene of Hungary, Isaac Komnenos (son of Alexios I), Isaac Komnenos (son of John II), Isauria, Islam, Italian Peninsula, Iziaslav II of Kiev, Jesus, Jihad, John Axouch, John Chrysostom, John Doukas (megas hetaireiarches), John Doukas Komnenos, John II Komnenos, John Kinnamos, John Komnenos Vatatzes, John Phokas, Jousting, Kaykhusraw I, Kütahya, Keçiborlu, Kilij Arslan II, King of Jerusalem, Kingdom of Hungary, Kingdom of Jerusalem, Kingdom of Sicily, Komnenian restoration, Komnenos, Konya, Kyiv, Ladislaus I of Hungary, Laodicea on the Lycus, Latinisation of names, Levant, Liguria, List of Byzantine emperors, List of French monarchs, List of people known as the Great, Logos (Christianity), Lombard League, Louis VII of France, Luke Chrysoberges, Macedonia (region), Manuel Maurozomes, Maria Komnene (daughter of Manuel I), Maria Komnene, Queen of Jerusalem, Maria of Antioch, Mediterranean Sea, Megas doux, Mesud I, Michael II of Constantinople, Michael III of Constantinople, Michael Palaiologos (general), Milan, Muhammad, Muslims, Niketas Choniates, Niksar, Normans, Nur al-Din Zengi, Patriarch of Antioch, Paul Magdalino, Pavia, Perfidy, Philip I, Count of Flanders, Piers Paul Read, Pinkernes, Pisa, Pope, Pope Adrian IV, Pope Alexander III, Prince of Antioch, Principality of Galicia, Punitive expedition, Raymond of Poitiers, Raynald of Châtillon, Razzia (military), Regent, Renier of Montferrat, Republic of Venice, Rhetoric, Robert de Clari, Robert III, Count of Loritello, Roger II of Sicily, Roman Curia, Rostislav I of Kiev, Sack of Thessalonica (1185), Saladin, Sasanian Empire, Sava, Sebastokrator, Sebastos, Second Crusade, Seljuk dynasty, Serbia, Serbs, Sicily, Siege engine, Siege of Claudiopolis, Siena, Sirmium, Sivas, Soterichos Panteugenos, Southern Carpathians, Southern Italy, Spinello Aretino, Stephen III of Hungary, Sultan, Sultanate of Rum, Suzdal, Synod, Syria, Syrmia, Taranto, Thebes, Greece, Thessaloniki, Thoros II, Trani, Transylvania, Treaty of Venice, Uluabat, Vatican Apostolic Archive, Vatican Library, Vladimirko Volodarovich, Wallachian Plain, Walls of Constantinople, Warship, Western Christianity, William I of Sicily, William of Tyre, Yaroslav Osmomysl, Yuri Dolgorukiy, Zachary Brooke (historian), Zeyrek Mosque.