Communication

422 relations: Ab Urbe Condita Libri, Ablative case, Abstraction, Accusative case, Aemilianus, Aeneas, Aeneid, Aequi, Aguilar de la Frontera, Alaisiagae, Albanian language, Albion, Allegory, Allier, Alps, Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus, Ammianus Marcellinus, Amulet, Amulius, Anatolia, Ancamna, Ancient Egyptian medicine, Ancient Greek, Ancient Greek art, Ancient Greek literature, Ancient Greek religion, Ancient Rome, Ancile, Animal sacrifice, Antequera, Anthropomorphism, Anthropotheism, Aphrodite, Apollo, Appian Way, Aquila (Roman), Ara Pacis, Ares, Armilustrium, Armorica, Arnobius, Arval Brethren, Assassination of Julius Caesar, Astrological sign, Asyndeton, Athenaeus, Attic helmet, Augur, Augustine of Hippo, Augustus, ..., Aulus Gellius, Avaricum, Babylonian religion, Bakewell, Balearic Islands, Bath, Somerset, Battle of Carrhae, Battle of Ctesiphon (363), Battle of Philippi, Battle of Sentinum, Battle of the Allia, Beak, Bee sting, Belatucadros, Bellona (goddess), Bernhard Maier, Bituriges, Black woodpecker, Book People, Bourges, Bowes, Brittonic languages, Caerwent, Caledonia, Calvert Watkins, Campus Martius, Camulodunum, Camulus, Capitoline Museums, Capitoline Triad, Cariociecus, Carlisle, Cumbria, Carmen Arvale, Carmen Saliare, Cassius Dio, Cato the Elder, Cú Chulainn, Celts, Centaurus, Chariot racing, Chester-le-Street, Chronography of 354, Circus Flaminius, Classical Latin, Classicism, Claudia (gens), Cocidius, Cognate, Cognomen, Colchester, Collegium (ancient Rome), Concordia (mythology), Condatis, Constantine the Great, Constellation, Consualia, Corieltauvi, Cornucopia, Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, Craon, Mayenne, Cumbria, Cupid, Curia, Curule seat, Damnatio memoriae, Dative case, De Agri Cultura, Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus, Declension, Derbyshire, Diana (mythology), Dii Consentes, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Dionysus, Dura-Europos, Egypt (Roman province), Emerita Augusta, Epigraphy, Epithet, Eponym, Equirria, Eric Birley, Ethnonym, Etruscan civilization, Etruscan mythology, European green woodpecker, Fasti (poem), Female reproductive system, Fetishism, Flamen, Flamen Martialis, Flamen Quirinalis, Flora (mythology), Forum of Augustus, Forum of Nerva, Founding of Rome, Frieze, Gaius Lucilius, Galatian language, Gallia Belgica, Gallia Narbonensis, Gallo-Roman culture, Gastrointestinal tract, Gaul, Gaulish language, Genealogy, Genitive case, Genius (mythology), Gens, Gloss (annotation), Glossary of ancient Roman religion, Gnomon, Gordian III, Gorgoneion, Gowrie, Gradiva, Grammatical gender, Grass Crown, Greek mythology, Guadix, Gubbio, Hadrian's Wall, Heliacal rising, Hellenistic art, Hellenization, Hendrik Wagenvoort, Hephaestus, Hera, Hercules, Hertfordshire, Hesiod, Hispania, Hispania Baetica, History of Catalan, History of French, History of Romanian, History of the Spanish language, Horse sacrifice, Housesteads Roman Fort, How to Kill a Dragon, Howard Hayes Scullard, Iberians, Iguvine Tablets, Iliad, Imhotep, Imperial cult of ancient Rome, Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae, Interpretatio graeca, Isidore of Seville, Italian language, Italic languages, Janus, John F. Hall, John Scheid, John the Lydian, Julian (emperor), Juno (mythology), Jupiter (mythology), King of Rome, LacusCurtius, Lares, Larissa Bonfante, Las Cabezas de San Juan, Late antiquity, Latin literature, Latins (Italic tribe), Laurel wreath, Lectisternium, Leech, Lenus, Leptis Magna, Liber, Libya, Lincolnshire, List of ancient peoples of Italy, List of ancient Roman fasti, List of Roman hoards in Great Britain, List of Roman triumphal arches, List of war deities, Livy, Loeb Classical Library, Loucetios, Lucina (mythology), Ludi, Lusitania, Lustrum, Macrobius, Male, Mallorca, Malt, Mamuralia, Marcus Terentius Varro, Maris (mythology), Mars, Marsilio Ficino, Martial law, Martianus Capella, Martius (month), Maruts, Mary Beard (classicist), Masculinity, Massimo Pallottino, Matronalia, Maurus Servius Honoratus, Mercury (mythology), Metaphor, Miach, Michiel de Vaan, Middle Welsh, Minerva, Mullo (god), Muscle cuirass, Myth, Nantes, Neit, Nemeton, Nemetona, Neo-Attic, Neptune (mythology), Nereus, Nergal, Nerio, Nero, Neto (deity), Nettleham, Nigidius Figulus, Nodens, Nominative case, Norse mythology, Nuada Airgetlám, Nude (art), Numa Pompilius, Numen, Numitor, Obelisk of Montecitorio, October Horse, Old English, Old Latin, Ollioules, Olloudius, Oracle, Oscan language, Ovid, Ox, Paludamentum, Parthian Empire, Patera, Patrician (ancient Rome), Pax Romana, Peony, Picentes, Picus, Piercebridge, Planet symbols, Plautus, Pliny the Elder, Plutarch, Pomerium, Pompeii, Pomponius Porphyrion, Pontifex maximus, Porta Capena, Porta Fontinalis, Portunus, Princeps, Proto-Celtic language, Province of Córdoba (Spain), Province of Seville, Quinctia (gens), Quintilian, Quirinus, Quirites, R. E. A. Palmer, Radiant crown, Ramsay MacMullen, Rí, Regia, Relic, Relief, Religion in ancient Rome, Rennes, Res divina, Rhea Silvia, Robigalia, Roman agriculture, Roman army, Roman art, Roman Britain, Roman calendar, Roman cavalry, Roman censor, Roman Dacia, Roman dictator, Roman Empire, Roman festivals, Roman historiography, Roman Inscriptions of Britain, Roman magistrate, Roman mythology, Roman province, Roman Republic, Roman Senate, Roman villa, Romance languages, Romano-Celtic temple, Romulus and Remus, Rust, Sabines, Sablet, Sacellum, Sacred grove, Sagunto, Salii, Salus, Saturn (mythology), Sceptre, Scorpius, Sea of Marmara, Sequani, Severus Alexander, Sextus Pompeius Festus, Silvanus (mythology), Silver-gilt, Sines, Slavery in ancient Rome, Smertrios, Sodales Augustales, Solarium Augusti, South Shields, State of Rome, Statius, Stirlingshire, Suffolk, Sundial, Suovetaurilia, T. P. Wiseman, Talaiot, Týr, Thebaid (Latin poem), Thrace, Tiberius, Toga, Toutatis, Treveri, Trier, Trifunctional hypothesis, Trojan War, Tubilustrium, Tuesday, Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa, Ultio, Umbrian language, Usurper, Valerius Maximus, Venus (mythology), Ver sacrum, Vesta (mythology), Vichy, Victoria (mythology), Virility, Virtus, Visucius, Vitruvius, Vocative case, Votum, Vulcan (mythology), W. Geoffrey Arnott, Warburg Institute, West Coker, Wheat leaf rust, William Warde Fowler, Zeus. Expand index (372 more) » « Shrink index

Ab Urbe Condita Libri

Livy's History of Rome, sometimes referred to as Ab Urbe Condita, is a monumental history of ancient Rome, written in Latin, between 27 and 9 BC.

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Ablative case

The ablative case (sometimes abbreviated) is a grammatical case for nouns, pronouns and adjectives in the grammar of various languages; it is sometimes used to express motion away from something, among other uses.

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Abstraction

Abstraction in its main sense is a conceptual process where general rules and concepts are derived from the usage and classification of specific examples, literal ("real" or "concrete") signifiers, first principles, or other methods.

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Accusative case

The accusative case (abbreviated) of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a transitive verb.

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Aemilianus

Aemilianus (Marcus Aemilius Aemilianus Augustus; c. 207/213 – 253), also known as Aemilian, was Roman Emperor for three months in 253.

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Aeneas

In Greco-Roman mythology, Aeneas (Greek: Αἰνείας, Aineías, possibly derived from Greek αἰνή meaning "praised") was a Trojan hero, the son of the prince Anchises and the goddess Aphrodite (Venus).

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Aeneid

The Aeneid (Aeneis) is a Latin epic poem, written by Virgil between 29 and 19 BC, that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who travelled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of the Romans.

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Aequi

Location of the Aequi (Equi) in central Italy, 5th century BC. The Aequi (Αἴκουοι and Αἴκοι) were an Italic tribe on a stretch of the Apennine Mountains to the east Latium in central of Italy who appear in the early history of ancient Rome.

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Aguilar de la Frontera

Aguilar, or in full Aguilar de la Frontera, is a municipality and town in the province of Córdoba, Andalusia, southern Spain, near the small river Cabra, from the provincial capital, Córdoba, on the Córdoba-Málaga railway.

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Alaisiagae

In Romano-British culture and Germanic polytheism, the Alaisiagae (possibly "Dispatching Terrors" or "All-Victorious") were a pair of Celtic and Germanic goddesses deifying victory.

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Albanian language

Albanian (shqip, or gjuha shqipe) is a language of the Indo-European family, in which it occupies an independent branch.

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Albion

Albion (Ἀλβιών) is the oldest known name of the island of Great Britain.

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Allegory

As a literary device, an allegory is a metaphor in which a character, place or event is used to deliver a broader message about real-world issues and occurrences.

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Allier

Allier; is a French department located in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of central France named after the river Allier.

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Alps

The Alps (Alpes; Alpen; Alpi; Alps; Alpe) are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe,The Caucasus Mountains are higher, and the Urals longer, but both lie partly in Asia.

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Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus

The Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus, more properly called the Statuary group base of Domitius Ahenobarbus, is a series of four sculpted marble plaques which probably decorated a base which supported cult statues in the cella of a Temple of Neptune located in Rome on the Field of Mars.

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Ammianus Marcellinus

Ammianus Marcellinus (born, died 400) was a Roman soldier and historian who wrote the penultimate major historical account surviving from Antiquity (preceding Procopius).

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Amulet

An amulet is an object that is typically worn on one's person, that some people believe has the magical or miraculous power to protect its holder, either to protect them in general or to protect them from some specific thing; it is often also used as an ornament though that may not be the intended purpose of it.

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Amulius

In Roman mythology, Amulius was king of Alba Longa who ordered the death of his infant, twin grandnephews Romulus, the eventual founder and king of Rome, and Remus.

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Anatolia

Anatolia (Modern Greek: Ανατολία Anatolía, from Ἀνατολή Anatolḗ,; "east" or "rise"), also known as Asia Minor (Medieval and Modern Greek: Μικρά Ἀσία Mikrá Asía, "small Asia"), Asian Turkey, the Anatolian peninsula, or the Anatolian plateau, is the westernmost protrusion of Asia, which makes up the majority of modern-day Turkey.

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Ancamna

In Gallo-Roman religion, Ancamna was a goddess worshipped particularly in the valley of the Moselle River.

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Ancient Egyptian medicine

The medicine of the ancient Egyptians is some of the oldest documented.

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Ancient Greek

The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD.

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Ancient Greek art

Ancient Greek art stands out among that of other ancient cultures for its development of naturalistic but idealized depictions of the human body, in which largely nude male figures were generally the focus of innovation.

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Ancient Greek literature

Ancient Greek literature refers to literature written in the Ancient Greek language from the earliest texts until the time of the Byzantine Empire.

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Ancient Greek religion

Ancient Greek religion encompasses the collection of beliefs, rituals, and mythology originating in ancient Greece in the form of both popular public religion and cult practices.

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Ancient Rome

In historiography, ancient Rome is Roman civilization from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire until the fall of the western empire.

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Ancile

In ancient Rome, the ancilia (Latin, singular ancile) were twelve sacred shields kept in the Temple of Mars.

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Animal sacrifice

Animal sacrifice is the ritual killing and offering of an animal usually as part of a religious ritual or to appease or maintain favour with a deity.

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Antequera

Antequera is a city and municipality in the Comarca de Antequera, province of Málaga, part of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia.

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Anthropomorphism

Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human traits, emotions, or intentions to non-human entities.

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Anthropotheism

Anthropotheism is ascribing human form and nature to gods, or the belief that gods are deified human beings.

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Aphrodite

Aphrodite is the ancient Greek goddess of love, beauty, pleasure, and procreation.

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Apollo

Apollo (Attic, Ionic, and Homeric Greek: Ἀπόλλων, Apollōn (Ἀπόλλωνος); Doric: Ἀπέλλων, Apellōn; Arcadocypriot: Ἀπείλων, Apeilōn; Aeolic: Ἄπλουν, Aploun; Apollō) is one of the most important and complex of the Olympian deities in classical Greek and Roman religion and Greek and Roman mythology.

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Appian Way

The Appian Way (Latin and Italian: Via Appia) is one of the earliest and strategically most important Roman roads of the ancient republic.

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Aquila (Roman)

An aquila, or eagle, was a prominent symbol used in ancient Rome, especially as the standard of a Roman legion.

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Ara Pacis

The Ara Pacis Augustae (Latin, "Altar of Augustan Peace"; commonly shortened to Ara Pacis) is an altar in Rome dedicated to Pax, the Roman goddess of Peace.

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Ares

Ares (Ἄρης, Áres) is the Greek god of war.

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Armilustrium

In ancient Roman religion, the Armilustrium was a festival in honor of Mars, the god of war, celebrated on October 19.

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Armorica

Armorica or Aremorica is the name given in ancient times to the part of Gaul between the Seine and the Loire that includes the Brittany Peninsula, extending inland to an indeterminate point and down the Atlantic Coast.

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Arnobius

Arnobius of Sicca (died c. 330) was an Early Christian apologist of Berber origin, during the reign of Diocletian (284–305).

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Arval Brethren

In ancient Roman religion, the Arval Brethren (Fratres Arvales, "Brothers of the Fields") or Arval Brothers were a body of priests who offered annual sacrifices to the Lares and gods to guarantee good harvests.

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Assassination of Julius Caesar

The assassination of Julius Caesar was the result of a conspiracy by many Roman senators led by Gaius Cassius Longinus, Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus, and Marcus Junius Brutus.

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Astrological sign

In Western astrology, astrological signs are the twelve 30° sectors of the ecliptic, starting at the vernal equinox (one of the intersections of the ecliptic with the celestial equator), also known as the First Point of Aries.

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Asyndeton

Asyndeton (from the ἀσύνδετον, "unconnected", sometimes called asyndetism) is a literary scheme in which one or several conjunctions are deliberately omitted from a series of related clauses.

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Athenaeus

Athenaeus of Naucratis (Ἀθήναιος Nαυκρατίτης or Nαυκράτιος, Athēnaios Naukratitēs or Naukratios; Athenaeus Naucratita) was a Greek rhetorician and grammarian, flourishing about the end of the 2nd and beginning of the 3rd century AD.

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Attic helmet

The Attic helmet was a type of helmet that originated in Classical Greece and was widely used in Italy and the Hellenistic world until well into the Roman Empire.

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Augur

An augur was a priest and official in the classical Roman world.

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Augustine of Hippo

Saint Augustine of Hippo (13 November 354 – 28 August 430) was a Roman African, early Christian theologian and philosopher from Numidia whose writings influenced the development of Western Christianity and Western philosophy.

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Augustus

Augustus (Augustus; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August 14 AD) was a Roman statesman and military leader who was the first Emperor of the Roman Empire, controlling Imperial Rome from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.

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Aulus Gellius

Aulus Gellius (c. 125after 180 AD) was a Latin author and grammarian, who was probably born and certainly brought up in Rome.

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Avaricum

Avaricum was an oppidum in ancient Gaul, near what is now the city of Bourges.

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Babylonian religion

Babylonian religion is the religious practice of Babylonia.

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Bakewell

Bakewell is a small market town and civil parish in the Derbyshire Dales district of Derbyshire, England, well known for the local confection Bakewell pudding.

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Balearic Islands

The Balearic Islands (Illes Balears,; Islas Baleares) are an archipelago of Spain in the western Mediterranean Sea, near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Bath, Somerset

Bath is the largest city in the ceremonial county of Somerset, England, known for its Roman-built baths.

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Battle of Carrhae

The Battle of Carrhae was fought in 53 BC between the Roman Republic and the Parthian Empire near the town of Carrhae.

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Battle of Ctesiphon (363)

The Battle of Ctesiphon took place on May 29, 363 between the armies of Roman Emperor Julian and an army of the Sasanian Empire (during Shapur II's reign) outside the walls of the Persian capital Ctesiphon.

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Battle of Philippi

The Battle of Philippi was the final battle in the Wars of the Second Triumvirate between the forces of Mark Antony and Octavian (of the Second Triumvirate) and the leaders of Julius Caesar's assassination, Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus in 42 BC, at Philippi in Macedonia.

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Battle of Sentinum

The battle of Sentinum was the decisive battle of the Third Samnite War, fought in 295 BC near Sentinum (next to the modern town of Sassoferrato, in the Marche region of Italy), in which the Romans were able to overcome a formidable coalition of Samnites, Etruscans, Umbrians, and Senone Gauls.

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Battle of the Allia

The Battle of the Allia was fought between the Senones (one of the Gallic tribes which had invaded northern Italy) and the Roman Republic.

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Beak

The beak, bill, or rostrum is an external anatomical structure of birds that is used for eating and for preening, manipulating objects, killing prey, fighting, probing for food, courtship and feeding young.

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Bee sting

A bee sting is a sting from a bee (honey bee, bumblebee, sweat bee, etc.). The stings of most of these species can be quite painful, and are therefore keenly avoided by many people.

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Belatucadros

Belatucadros or Belatucadrus, was a deity worshipped in Celtic northern Britain, particularly in Cumberland and Westmorland.

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Bellona (goddess)

Bellona was an ancient Roman goddess of war.

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Bernhard Maier

Bernhard Maier (born 1963 in Oberkirch (Baden)) is a German professor of religious studies, who publishes mainly on Celtic culture and religion.

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Bituriges

The Bituriges (Bituriges Cubi) were a tribe of Celtic Gaul with its capital at Bourges (Avaricum), whose territory corresponds to the former province of Berry.

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Black woodpecker

The black woodpecker (Dryocopus martius) is a large woodpecker that lives in mature forest across the northern palearctic.

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Book People

Book People is a discount bookseller based in Godalming, Surrey, UK.

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Bourges

Bourges is a city in central France on the Yèvre river.

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Bowes

Bowes is a village in County Durham, England.

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Brittonic languages

The Brittonic, Brythonic or British Celtic languages (ieithoedd Brythonaidd/Prydeinig; yethow brythonek/predennek; yezhoù predenek) form one of the two branches of the Insular Celtic language family; the other is Goidelic.

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Caerwent

Caerwent is a village and community in Monmouthshire, Wales.

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Caledonia

Caledonia is the Latin name given by the Romans to the land in today's Scotland, north of their province of Britannia, beyond the frontier of their empire.

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Calvert Watkins

Calvert Watkins (March 13, 1933 – March 20, 2013) was an American linguist and philologist.

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Campus Martius

The Campus Martius (Latin for the "Field of Mars", Italian Campo Marzio), was a publicly owned area of ancient Rome about in extent.

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Camulodunum

Camulodunum (camvlodvnvm), the Ancient Roman name for what is now Colchester in Essex, was an important town in Roman Britain, and the first capital of the province.

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Camulus

Camulus or Camulos was a theonym for a deity of the Celts that the Romans equated with Mars in the interpretatio Romanum.

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Capitoline Museums

The Capitoline Museums (Italian: Musei Capitolini) are a single museum containing a group of art and archaeological museums in Piazza del Campidoglio, on top of the Capitoline Hill in Rome, Italy.

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Capitoline Triad

The Capitoline Triad was a group of three deities who were worshipped in ancient Roman religion in an elaborate temple on Rome's Capitoline Hill (Latin Capitolium).

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Cariociecus

Cariociecus is a war-god venerated by Iberians in Hispania.

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Carlisle, Cumbria

Carlisle (or from Cumbric: Caer Luel Cathair Luail) is the county town of Cumbria.

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Carmen Arvale

The Carmen Arvale is the preserved chant of the Arval priests or Fratres Arvales of ancient Rome.

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Carmen Saliare

The Carmen Saliare is a fragment of archaic Latin, which played a part in the rituals performed by the Salii (Salian priests, a.k.a. "leaping priests") of Ancient Rome.

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Cassius Dio

Cassius Dio or Dio Cassius (c. 155 – c. 235) was a Roman statesman and historian of Greek origin.

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Cato the Elder

Cato the Elder (Cato Major; 234–149 BC), born and also known as (Cato Censorius), (Cato Sapiens), and (Cato Priscus), was a Roman senator and historian known for his conservatism and opposition to Hellenization.

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Cú Chulainn

Cú Chulainn, also spelled Cú Chulaind or Cúchulainn (Irish for "Culann's Hound") and sometimes known in English as Cuhullin, is an Irish mythological hero who appears in the stories of the Ulster Cycle, as well as in Scottish and Manx folklore.

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Celts

The Celts (see pronunciation of ''Celt'' for different usages) were an Indo-European people in Iron Age and Medieval Europe who spoke Celtic languages and had cultural similarities, although the relationship between ethnic, linguistic and cultural factors in the Celtic world remains uncertain and controversial.

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Centaurus

Centaurus is a bright constellation in the southern sky.

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Chariot racing

Chariot racing (harmatodromia, ludi circenses) was one of the most popular ancient Greek, Roman, and Byzantine sports.

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Chester-le-Street

Chester-le-Street is a town in County Durham, England.

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Chronography of 354

The Chronography of 354, also known as the Calendar of 354, was a 4th-century illuminated manuscript, which was produced in 354 AD for a wealthy Roman Christian named Valentinus by the calligrapher and illuminator Furius Dionysius Filocalus.

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Circus Flaminius

The Circus Flaminius was a large, circular area in ancient Rome, located in the southern end of the Campus Martius near the Tiber River.

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Classical Latin

Classical Latin is the modern term used to describe the form of the Latin language recognized as standard by writers of the late Roman Republic and the Roman Empire.

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Classicism

Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for a classical period, classical antiquity in the Western tradition, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate.

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Claudia (gens)

The gens Claudia, sometimes written Clodia, was one of the most prominent patrician houses at Rome.

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Cocidius

In Romano-British religion, Cocidius was a deity worshipped in northern Britain.

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Cognate

In linguistics, cognates are words that have a common etymological origin.

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Cognomen

A cognomen (Latin plural cognomina; from con- "together with" and (g)nomen "name") was the third name of a citizen of ancient Rome, under Roman naming conventions.

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Colchester

Colchester is an historic market town and the largest settlement within the borough of Colchester in the county of Essex.

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Collegium (ancient Rome)

A collegium (plural collegia, "joined together"; English "college") was any association in ancient Rome with a legal personality.

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Concordia (mythology)

In ancient Roman religion, Concordia is the goddess who embodies agreement in marriage and society.

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Condatis

In Celtic mythology, Condatis ("waters meet") was a deity worshipped primarily in northern Britain but also in Gaul.

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Constantine the Great

Constantine the Great (Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus; Κωνσταντῖνος ὁ Μέγας; 27 February 272 ADBirth dates vary but most modern historians use 272". Lenski, "Reign of Constantine" (CC), 59. – 22 May 337 AD), also known as Constantine I or Saint Constantine, was a Roman Emperor of Illyrian and Greek origin from 306 to 337 AD.

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Constellation

A constellation is a group of stars that are considered to form imaginary outlines or meaningful patterns on the celestial sphere, typically representing animals, mythological people or gods, mythological creatures, or manufactured devices.

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Consualia

The Consuales Ludi or Consualia was the name of two ancient Roman festivals in honor of Consus, a tutelary deity of the harvest and stored grain.

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Corieltauvi

The Corieltauvi (formerly thought to be called the Coritani, and sometimes referred to as the Corieltavi) were a tribe of people living in Britain prior to the Roman conquest, and thereafter a civitas of Roman Britain.

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Cornucopia

In classical antiquity, the cornucopia (from Latin cornu copiae), also called the horn of plenty, was a symbol of abundance and nourishment, commonly a large horn-shaped container overflowing with produce, flowers or nuts.

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Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum

The Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) is a comprehensive collection of ancient Latin inscriptions.

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Craon, Mayenne

Craon is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France.

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Cumbria

Cumbria is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in North West England.

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Cupid

In classical mythology, Cupid (Latin Cupīdō, meaning "desire") is the god of desire, erotic love, attraction and affection.

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Curia

Curia (Latin plural curiae) in ancient Rome referred to one of the original groupings of the citizenry, eventually numbering 30, and later every Roman citizen was presumed to belong to one.

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Curule seat

A curule seat is a design of chair noted for its uses in Ancient Rome and Europe through to the 20th century.

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Damnatio memoriae

Damnatio memoriae is a modern Latin phrase literally meaning "condemnation of memory", meaning that a person must not be remembered.

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Dative case

The dative case (abbreviated, or sometimes when it is a core argument) is a grammatical case used in some languages to indicate, among other uses, the noun to which something is given, as in "Maria Jacobī potum dedit", Latin for "Maria gave Jacob a drink".

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De Agri Cultura

De Agri Cultura (On Farming or On Agriculture), written by Cato the Elder, is the oldest surviving work of Latin prose.

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Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus

Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus (or Gallaecus or Callaecus) (180 BC113 BC) was a consul of the Roman Republic for the year 138 BC together with Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio.

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Declension

In linguistics, declension is the changing of the form of a word to express it with a non-standard meaning, by way of some inflection, that is by marking the word with some change in pronunciation or by other information.

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Derbyshire

Derbyshire is a county in the East Midlands of England.

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Diana (mythology)

Diana (Classical Latin) was the goddess of the hunt, the moon, and nature in Roman mythology, associated with wild animals and woodland, and having the power to talk to and control animals.

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Dii Consentes

The Dii Consentes, also as Di or Dei Consentes (once Dii Complices), was a list of twelve major deities, six gods and six goddesses, in the pantheon of Ancient Rome.

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Dionysius of Halicarnassus

Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Διονύσιος Ἀλεξάνδρου Ἁλικαρνασσεύς, Dionysios Alexandrou Halikarnasseus, "Dionysios son of Alexandros of Halikarnassos"; c. 60 BCafter 7 BC) was a Greek historian and teacher of rhetoric, who flourished during the reign of Caesar Augustus.

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Dionysus

Dionysus (Διόνυσος Dionysos) is the god of the grape harvest, winemaking and wine, of ritual madness, fertility, theatre and religious ecstasy in ancient Greek religion and myth.

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Dura-Europos

Dura-Europos (Δοῦρα Εὐρωπός), also spelled Dura-Europus, was a Hellenistic, Parthian and Roman border city built on an escarpment above the right bank of the Euphrates river.

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Egypt (Roman province)

The Roman province of Egypt (Aigyptos) was established in 30 BC after Octavian (the future emperor Augustus) defeated his rival Mark Antony, deposed Queen Cleopatra VII, and annexed the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt to the Roman Empire.

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Emerita Augusta

The Roman colony of Emerita Augusta (present day Mérida) was founded in 25 BC by Augustus, to resettle emeriti soldiers discharged from the Roman army from two veteran legions of the Cantabrian Wars: Legio V Alaudae and Legio X Gemina.

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Epigraphy

Epigraphy (ἐπιγραφή, "inscription") is the study of inscriptions or epigraphs as writing; it is the science of identifying graphemes, clarifying their meanings, classifying their uses according to dates and cultural contexts, and drawing conclusions about the writing and the writers.

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Epithet

An epithet (from ἐπίθετον epitheton, neuter of ἐπίθετος epithetos, "attributed, added") is a byname, or a descriptive term (word or phrase), accompanying or occurring in place of a name and having entered common usage.

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Eponym

An eponym is a person, place, or thing after whom or after which something is named, or believed to be named.

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Equirria

The Equirria (also as Ecurria, from *equicurria, "horse races") were two ancient Roman festivals of chariot racing, or perhaps horseback racing, held in honor of the god Mars, one February 27 and the other March 14.

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Eric Birley

Eric Barff Birley"," Society of Antiquaries of London.

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Ethnonym

An ethnonym (from the ἔθνος, éthnos, "nation" and ὄνομα, ónoma, "name") is a name applied to a given ethnic group.

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Etruscan civilization

The Etruscan civilization is the modern name given to a powerful and wealthy civilization of ancient Italy in the area corresponding roughly to Tuscany, western Umbria and northern Lazio.

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Etruscan mythology

Etruscan mythology comprises a set of stories, beliefs, and religious practices of the Etruscan civilization, originating in the 7th century BC from the preceding Iron Age Villanovan culture, with its influences in the mythology of ancient Greece and Phoenicia, and sharing similarities with concurrent Roman mythology.

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European green woodpecker

The European green woodpecker (Picus viridis) is a member of the woodpecker family Picidae.

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Fasti (poem)

The Fasti (Fastorum Libri Sex, "Six Books of the Calendar"), sometimes translated as The Book of Days or On the Roman Calendar, is a six-book Latin poem written by the Roman poet Ovid and published in 8 AD.

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Female reproductive system

The female reproductive system is made up of the internal and external sex organs that function in reproduction of new offspring.

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Fetishism

A fetish (derived from the French fétiche; which comes from the Portuguese feitiço; and this in turn from Latin facticius, "artificial" and facere, "to make") is an object believed to have supernatural powers, or in particular, a human-made object that has power over others.

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Flamen

In ancient Roman religion, a flamen was a priest assigned to one of fifteen deities with official cults during the Roman Republic.

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Flamen Martialis

In ancient Roman religion, the Flamen Martialis was the high priest of the official state cult of Mars, the god of war.

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Flamen Quirinalis

In ancient Roman religion, the Flamen Quirinalis was the flamen devoted to the cult of god Quirinus.

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Flora (mythology)

In Roman mythology, Flora (Flōra) is a Sabine-derived goddess of flowers and of the season of spring – a symbol for nature and flowers (especially the may-flower).

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Forum of Augustus

The Forum of Augustus (Foro di Augusto) is one of the Imperial forums of Rome, Italy, built by Augustus.

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Forum of Nerva

Forum of Nerva (Foro di Nerva; Forum Nervae) is an ancient structure in Rome, Italy, chronologically the next to the last of the Imperial fora built.

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Founding of Rome

The founding of Rome can be investigated through archaeology, but traditional stories handed down by the ancient Romans themselves explain the earliest history of their city in terms of legend and myth.

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Frieze

In architecture the frieze is the wide central section part of an entablature and may be plain in the Ionic or Doric order, or decorated with bas-reliefs.

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Gaius Lucilius

Gaius Lucilius (c. 180 – 103/2 BC), the earliest Roman satirist, of whose writings only fragments remain, was a Roman citizen of the equestrian class, born at Suessa Aurunca in Campania.

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Galatian language

Galatian is an extinct Celtic language once spoken by the Galatians in Galatia mainly in north central lands of Asia Minor (modern Turkey) from the 3rd century BCE up to at least the 4th century CE, although ancient sources suggest it was still spoken in the 6th century.

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Gallia Belgica

Gallia Belgica ("Belgic Gaul") was a province of the Roman empire located in the north-eastern part of Roman Gaul, in what is today primarily Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.

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Gallia Narbonensis

Gallia Narbonensis (Latin for "Gaul of Narbonne", from its chief settlement) was a Roman province located in what is now Languedoc and Provence, in southern France.

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Gallo-Roman culture

The term "Gallo-Roman" describes the Romanized culture of Gaul under the rule of the Roman Empire.

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Gastrointestinal tract

The gastrointestinal tract (digestive tract, digestional tract, GI tract, GIT, gut, or alimentary canal) is an organ system within humans and other animals which takes in food, digests it to extract and absorb energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste as feces.

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Gaul

Gaul (Latin: Gallia) was a region of Western Europe during the Iron Age that was inhabited by Celtic tribes, encompassing present day France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, Northern Italy, as well as the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine.

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Gaulish language

Gaulish was an ancient Celtic language that was spoken in parts of Europe as late as the Roman Empire.

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Genealogy

Genealogy (from γενεαλογία from γενεά, "generation" and λόγος, "knowledge"), also known as family history, is the study of families and the tracing of their lineages and history.

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Genitive case

In grammar, the genitive (abbreviated); also called the second case, is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun.

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Genius (mythology)

In Roman religion, the genius (plural geniī) is the individual instance of a general divine nature that is present in every individual person, place, or thing.

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Gens

In ancient Rome, a gens, plural gentes, was a family consisting of all those individuals who shared the same nomen and claimed descent from a common ancestor.

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Gloss (annotation)

A gloss is a brief notation, especially a marginal one or an interlinear one, of the meaning of a word or wording in a text.

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Glossary of ancient Roman religion

The vocabulary of ancient Roman religion was highly specialized.

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Gnomon

A gnomon (from Greek γνώμων, gnōmōn, literally: "one that knows or examines") is the part of a sundial that casts a shadow.

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Gordian III

Gordian III (Marcus Antonius Gordianus Pius Augustus; 20 January 225 AD – 11 February 244 AD) was Roman Emperor from 238 AD to 244 AD.

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Gorgoneion

In Ancient Greece, the Gorgoneion (Greek: Γοργόνειον) was a special apotropaic amulet showing the Gorgon head, used most famously by the Olympian deities Athena and Zeus: both are said to have worn the gorgoneion as a protective pendant.

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Gowrie

Gowrie (Gobharaidh) is a region and ancient province of Scotland, covering the eastern sliver of what became Perthshire.

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Gradiva

The Gradiva, The woman who walks, has become a modern 20th century mythological figure, from the novella Gradiva by the German writer Wilhelm Jensen, as she has sprung out of the imagination of a fictional character she may be considered unreal twice over.

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Grammatical gender

In linguistics, grammatical gender is a specific form of noun class system in which the division of noun classes forms an agreement system with another aspect of the language, such as adjectives, articles, pronouns, or verbs.

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Grass Crown

The Grass Crown or Blockade Crown (Latin: corona graminea or corona obsidionalis) was the highest and rarest of all military decorations in the Roman Republic and early Roman empire.

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Greek mythology

Greek mythology is the body of myths and teachings that belong to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices.

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Guadix

Guadix is a city in southern Spain, in the province of Granada, on the left bank of the river Guadix, a sub-tributary of the Guadiana Menor, and on the Madrid-Valdepeñas-Almería railway.

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Gubbio

Gubbio is a town and comune in the far northeastern part of the Italian province of Perugia (Umbria).

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Hadrian's Wall

Hadrian's Wall (Vallum Aelium), also called the Roman Wall, Picts' Wall, or Vallum Hadriani in Latin, was a defensive fortification in the Roman province of Britannia, begun in AD 122 in the reign of the emperor Hadrian.

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Heliacal rising

The heliacal rising or star rise of a star, star cluster, or galaxy occurs annually when it becomes visible above the eastern horizon for a moment before sunrise, after a period of less than a year when it had not been visible.

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Hellenistic art

Hellenistic art is the art of the period in classical antiquity generally taken to begin with the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and end with the conquest of the Greek world by the Romans, a process well underway by 146 BCE, when the Greek mainland was taken, and essentially ending in 31 BCE with the conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt following the Battle of Actium.

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Hellenization

Hellenization or Hellenisation is the historical spread of ancient Greek culture, religion and, to a lesser extent, language, over foreign peoples conquered by Greeks or brought into their sphere of influence, particularly during the Hellenistic period following the campaigns of Alexander the Great in the fourth century BC.

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Hendrik Wagenvoort

Hendrik Wagenvoort (August 23, 1886 – January 15, 1976) was a Dutch classical scholar.

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Hephaestus

Hephaestus (eight spellings; Ἥφαιστος Hēphaistos) is the Greek god of blacksmiths, metalworking, carpenters, craftsmen, artisans, sculptors, metallurgy, fire, and volcanoes.

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Hera

Hera (Ἥρᾱ, Hērā; Ἥρη, Hērē in Ionic and Homeric Greek) is the goddess of women, marriage, family, and childbirth in Ancient Greek religion and myth, one of the Twelve Olympians and the sister-wife of Zeus.

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Hercules

Hercules is a Roman hero and god.

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Hertfordshire

Hertfordshire (often abbreviated Herts) is a county in southern England, bordered by Bedfordshire to the north, Cambridgeshire to the north-east, Essex to the east, Buckinghamshire to the west and Greater London to the south.

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Hesiod

Hesiod (or; Ἡσίοδος Hēsíodos) was a Greek poet generally thought by scholars to have been active between 750 and 650 BC, around the same time as Homer.

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Hispania

Hispania was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula.

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Hispania Baetica

Hispania Baetica, often abbreviated Baetica, was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula).

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History of Catalan

Catalan originated from Vulgar Latin in the Pyrenees Mountains between France and Spain.

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History of French

French is a Romance language (meaning that it is descended primarily from Vulgar Latin) that evolved out of the Gallo-Romance spoken in northern France.

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History of Romanian

The history of the Romanian language began in the Roman provinces of Southeast Europe north of the so-called "Jireček Line", but the exact place where its formation started is still debated.

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History of the Spanish language

The language known today as Spanish is derived from a dialect of spoken Latin that evolved in the north-central part of the Iberian Peninsula after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century.

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Horse sacrifice

Many Indo-European religious branches show evidence for horse sacrifice, and comparative mythology suggests that they derive from a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) ritual.

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Housesteads Roman Fort

Housesteads Roman Fort is the remains of an auxiliary fort on Hadrian's Wall.

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How to Kill a Dragon

How to Kill a Dragon: Aspects of Indo-European Poetics is a 1995 book about comparative Indo-European poetics by the linguist and classicist Calvert Watkins.

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Howard Hayes Scullard

Howard Hayes Scullard (February 9, 1903 – March 31, 1983) FBA, FSA was a British historian specializing in ancient history, notable for editing the Oxford Classical Dictionary and for his many books.

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Iberians

The Iberians (Hibērī, from Ίβηρες, Iberes) were a set of peoples that Greek and Roman sources (among others, Hecataeus of Miletus, Avienus, Herodotus and Strabo) identified with that name in the eastern and southern coasts of the Iberian peninsula, at least from the 6th century BC.

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Iguvine Tablets

The Iguvine Tablets, also known as the Eugubian Tablets or Eugubine Tables, are a series of seven bronze tablets from ancient Iguvium (modern Gubbio), Italy.

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Iliad

The Iliad (Ἰλιάς, in Classical Attic; sometimes referred to as the Song of Ilion or Song of Ilium) is an ancient Greek epic poem in dactylic hexameter, traditionally attributed to Homer.

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Imhotep

Imhotep (Egyptian: ỉỉ-m-ḥtp *jā-im-ḥātap, in Unicode hieroglyphs: 𓇍𓅓𓊵:𓏏*𓊪, "the one who comes in peace"; fl. late 27th century BC) was an Egyptian chancellor to the pharaoh Djoser, probable architect of the step pyramid, and high priest of the sun god Ra at Heliopolis.

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Imperial cult of ancient Rome

The Imperial cult of ancient Rome identified emperors and some members of their families with the divinely sanctioned authority (auctoritas) of the Roman State.

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Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae

Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae, standard abbreviation ILS, is a three-volume selection of Latin inscriptions edited by Hermann Dessau.

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Interpretatio graeca

Interpretatio graeca (Latin, "Greek translation" or "interpretation by means of Greek ") is a discourse in which ancient Greek religious concepts and practices, deities, and myths are used to interpret or attempt to understand the mythology and religion of other cultures.

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Isidore of Seville

Saint Isidore of Seville (Isidorus Hispalensis; c. 560 – 4 April 636), a scholar and, for over three decades, Archbishop of Seville, is widely regarded as the last of the Fathers of the Church, as the 19th-century historian Montalembert put it in an oft-quoted phrase, "The last scholar of the ancient world." At a time of disintegration of classical culture, and aristocratic violence and illiteracy, he was involved in the conversion of the Arian Visigothic kings to Catholicism, both assisting his brother Leander of Seville, and continuing after his brother's death.

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Italian language

Italian (or lingua italiana) is a Romance language.

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Italic languages

The Italic languages are a subfamily of the Indo-European language family, originally spoken by Italic peoples.

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Janus

In ancient Roman religion and myth, Janus (IANVS (Iānus)) is the god of beginnings, gates, transitions, time, duality, doorways, passages, and endings.

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John F. Hall

John Franklin Hall (born April 14, 1951) is a Professor of Classics and Ancient History at Brigham Young University.

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John Scheid

John Scheid (born 1946 in Luxembourg under the first name Jean) is a French historian.

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John the Lydian

John the Lydian or John Lydus (Ἰωάννης Λαυρέντιος ὁ Λυδός; Ioannes Laurentius Lydus) was a 6th-century Byzantine administrator and writer on antiquarian subjects.

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Julian (emperor)

Julian (Flavius Claudius Iulianus Augustus; Φλάβιος Κλαύδιος Ἰουλιανὸς Αὔγουστος; 331/332 – 26 June 363), also known as Julian the Apostate, was Roman Emperor from 361 to 363, as well as a notable philosopher and author in Greek.

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Juno (mythology)

Juno (Latin: IVNO, Iūnō) is an ancient Roman goddess, the protector and special counselor of the state.

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Jupiter (mythology)

Jupiter (from Iūpiter or Iuppiter, *djous “day, sky” + *patēr “father," thus "heavenly father"), also known as Jove gen.

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King of Rome

The King of Rome (Rex Romae) was the chief magistrate of the Roman Kingdom.

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LacusCurtius

LacusCurtius is a website specializing in ancient Rome, currently hosted on a server at the University of Chicago.

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Lares

Lares (archaic Lases, singular Lar), were guardian deities in ancient Roman religion.

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Larissa Bonfante

Larissa Bonfante (born March 27, 1931, in Naples, Italy) is an Italian-American classicist, Professor of Classics emerita at New York University and an authority on Etruscan language and culture.

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Las Cabezas de San Juan

Las Cabezas de San Juan (Saint John's Hillocks) is a village and municipality located in the Bajo Guadalquivir (Lower Guadalquivir) comarca, in Seville province, Andalusia, Spain.

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Late antiquity

Late antiquity is a periodization used by historians to describe the time of transition from classical antiquity to the Middle Ages in mainland Europe, the Mediterranean world, and the Near East.

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Latin literature

Latin literature includes the essays, histories, poems, plays, and other writings written in the Latin language.

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Latins (Italic tribe)

The Latins (Latin: Latini), sometimes known as the Latians, were an Italic tribe which included the early inhabitants of the city of Rome.

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Laurel wreath

A laurel wreath is a symbol of victory and honor.

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Lectisternium

The lectisternium was an ancient Roman propitiatory ceremony, consisting of a meal offered to gods and goddesses.

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Leech

Leeches are segmented parasitic or predatory worm-like animals that belong to the phylum Annelida and comprise the subclass Hirudinea.

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Lenus

Lenus (Ληνός) was a Celtic healing god worshipped mainly in eastern Gaul, where he was almost always identified with the Roman god Mars.

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Leptis Magna

Leptis Magna (also Lepcis, Berber: Lubta, Neo-Punic: lpqy) was a prominent city in Roman Libya.

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Liber

In ancient Roman religion and mythology, Liber ("the free one"), also known as Liber Pater ("the free Father"), was a god of viticulture and wine, fertility and freedom.

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Libya

Libya (ليبيا), officially the State of Libya (دولة ليبيا), is a sovereign state in the Maghreb region of North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.

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Lincolnshire

Lincolnshire (abbreviated Lincs) is a county in east central England.

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List of ancient peoples of Italy

This list of ancient peoples living in Italy summarises groupings existing before the Roman expansion and conquest.

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List of ancient Roman fasti

Ancient Roman fasti were calendars (fasti) that recorded religious observances and officially commemorated events.

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List of Roman hoards in Great Britain

The list of Roman hoards in Britain comprises significant archaeological hoards of coins, jewellery, precious and scrap metal objects and other valuable items discovered in Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) that are associated with period of Romano-British culture when Southern Britain was under the control of the Roman Empire, from AD 43 until about 410, as well as the subsequent Sub-Roman period up to the establishment of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.

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List of Roman triumphal arches

This is a list of Roman triumphal arches.

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List of war deities

A war deity is a god or goddess in mythology associated with war, combat, or bloodshed.

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Livy

Titus Livius Patavinus (64 or 59 BCAD 12 or 17) – often rendered as Titus Livy, or simply Livy, in English language sources – was a Roman historian.

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Loeb Classical Library

The Loeb Classical Library (LCL; named after James Loeb) is a series of books, today published by Harvard University Press, which presents important works of ancient Greek and Latin literature in a way designed to make the text accessible to the broadest possible audience, by presenting the original Greek or Latin text on each left-hand page, and a fairly literal translation on the facing page.

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Loucetios

In Gallo-Roman religion, Loucetios (Latinized as Leucetius) was a Gallic god known from the Rhine-Moselle region, where he was invariably identified with the Roman Mars.

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Lucina (mythology)

In ancient Roman religion and myth, Lucina was the goddess of childbirth who safeguarded the lives of women in labour.

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Ludi

Ludi (Latin plural) were public games held for the benefit and entertainment of the Roman people (''populus Romanus'').

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Lusitania

Lusitania (Lusitânia; Lusitania) or Hispania Lusitana was an ancient Iberian Roman province located where most of modern Portugal (south of the Douro river) and part of western Spain (the present autonomous community of Extremadura and a part of the province of Salamanca) lie.

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Lustrum

A lustrum (plural lustra) was a term for a five-year period in Ancient Rome.

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Macrobius

Macrobius, fully Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius, also known as Theodosius, was a Roman provincial who lived during the early fifth century, at the transition of the Roman to the Byzantine Empire, and when Latin was as widespread as Greek among the elite.

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Male

A male (♂) organism is the physiological sex that produces sperm.

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Mallorca

Mallorca, or Majorca, is the largest island in the Balearic Islands, which are part of Spain and located in the Mediterranean.

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Malt

Malt is germinated cereal grains that have been dried in a process known as "malting".

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Mamuralia

In ancient Roman religion, the Mamuralia or Sacrum Mamurio ("Rite for Mamurius") was a festival held on March 14 or 15, named only in sources from late antiquity.

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Marcus Terentius Varro

Marcus Terentius Varro (116 BC – 27 BC) was an ancient Roman scholar and writer.

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Maris (mythology)

Maris (or Mariś) was an Etruscan god often depicted as an infant or child and given many epithets, including Mariś Halna, Mariś Husrnana ("Maris the Child"), and Mariś Isminthians.

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Mars

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System after Mercury.

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Marsilio Ficino

Marsilio Ficino (Latin name: Marsilius Ficinus; 19 October 1433 – 1 October 1499) was an Italian scholar and Catholic priest who was one of the most influential humanist philosophers of the early Italian Renaissance.

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Martial law

Martial law is the imposition of direct military control of normal civilian functions of government, especially in response to a temporary emergency such as invasion or major disaster, or in an occupied territory. Martial law can be used by governments to enforce their rule over the public.

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Martianus Capella

Martianus Minneus Felix Capella was a Latin prose writer of Late Antiquity (fl. c. 410–420), one of the earliest developers of the system of the seven liberal arts that structured early medieval education.

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Martius (month)

Martius or mensis Martius ("March") was the first month of the ancient Roman year until possibly as late as 153 BC.

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Maruts

In Hinduism, the Maruts or Marutas (मरुत), also known as the Marutagana and sometimes identified with Rudras, are storm deities and sons of Rudra and Prisni.

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Mary Beard (classicist)

Dame Winifred Mary Beard, (born 1 January 1955) is an English scholar and classicist.

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Masculinity

Masculinity (manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles associated with boys and men.

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Massimo Pallottino

Massimo Pallottino (9 November 1909 in Rome – 7 February 1995 in Rome) was an Italian archaeologist specializing in Etruscan civilization and art.

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Matronalia

In ancient Roman religion, the Matronalia (or Matronales Feriae) was a festival celebrating Juno Lucina, the goddess of childbirth ("Juno who brings children into the light"), and of motherhood (mater is "mother" in Latin) and women in general.

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Maurus Servius Honoratus

Maurus Servius Honoratus was a late fourth-century and early fifth-century grammarian, with the contemporary reputation of being the most learned man of his generation in Italy; he was the author of a set of commentaries on the works of Virgil.

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Mercury (mythology)

Mercury (Latin: Mercurius) is a major god in Roman religion and mythology, being one of the Dii Consentes within the ancient Roman pantheon.

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Metaphor

A metaphor is a figure of speech that directly refers to one thing by mentioning another for rhetorical effect.

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Miach

In Irish mythology, Miach was a son of Dian Cecht of the Tuatha Dé Danann.

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Michiel de Vaan

Michiel Arnoud Cor de Vaan (born 1973) is a Dutch linguist and Indo-Europeanist.

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Middle Welsh

Middle Welsh (Cymraeg Canol) is the label attached to the Welsh language of the 12th to 15th centuries, of which much more remains than for any earlier period.

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Minerva

Minerva (Etruscan: Menrva) was the Roman goddess of wisdom and strategic warfare, although it is noted that the Romans did not stress her relation to battle and warfare as the Greeks would come to, and the sponsor of arts, trade, and strategy.

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Mullo (god)

Mullo is a Celtic god.

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Muscle cuirass

In classical antiquity, the muscle cuirass, anatomical cuirass or heroic cuirass is a type of body armor made to fit the wearer's torso and designed to mimic an idealized human physique.

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Myth

Myth is a folklore genre consisting of narratives that play a fundamental role in society, such as foundational tales.

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Nantes

Nantes (Gallo: Naunnt or Nantt) is a city in western France on the Loire River, from the Atlantic coast.

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Neit

For the Egyptian goddess, see Neith. For the university, see New England Institute of Technology. In Irish mythology Neit (Néit, Nét, Neith) was a god of war.

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Nemeton

A nemeton was a sacred space of ancient Celtic religion.

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Nemetona

Nemetona, or ‘she of the sacred grove’, is a Celtic goddess with roots in northeastern Gaul.

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Neo-Attic

Neo-Attic or Atticizing is a sculptural style, beginning in Hellenistic sculpture and vase-painting of the 2nd century BCE and climaxing in Roman art of the 2nd century CE, copying, adapting or closely following the style shown in reliefs and statues of the Classical (5th–4th centuries BCE) and Archaic (6th century BCE) periods.

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Neptune (mythology)

Neptune (Neptūnus) was the god of freshwater and the sea in Roman religion.

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Nereus

In Greek mythology, Nereus (Νηρεύς) was the eldest son of Pontus (the Sea) and Gaia (the Earth), who with Doris fathered the Nereids and Nerites, with whom Nereus lived in the Aegean Sea.

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Nergal

Nergal, Nirgal, or Nirgali (Sumerian: dGÌR-UNUG-GAL;; Aramaic ܢܹܪܓܵܐܠ; Nergel) was a deity worshipped throughout Mesopotamia (Akkad, Assyria and Babylonia) with the main seat of his worship at Cuthah represented by the mound of Tell-Ibrahim.

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Nerio

In ancient Roman religion and myth, Nerio was an ancient war goddess and the personification of valor.

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Nero

Nero (Latin: Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus; 15 December 37 – 9 June 68 AD) was the last Roman emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty.

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Neto (deity)

Neto or Mars Neto is the name of one of the deities of ancient Iberia, revered by the Lusitanians and Celtiberians.

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Nettleham

Nettleham is a large village and civil parish within the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England.

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Nigidius Figulus

Publius Nigidius Figulus (c. 98 – 45 BC) was a scholar of the Late Roman Republic and one of the praetors for 58 BC.

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Nodens

Nodens (Nudens, Nodons) is a Celtic deity associated with healing, the sea, hunting and dogs.

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Nominative case

The nominative case (abbreviated), subjective case, straight case or upright case is one of the grammatical cases of a noun or other part of speech, which generally marks the subject of a verb or the predicate noun or predicate adjective, as opposed to its object or other verb arguments.

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Norse mythology

Norse mythology is the body of myths of the North Germanic people stemming from Norse paganism and continuing after the Christianization of Scandinavia and into the Scandinavian folklore of the modern period.

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Nuada Airgetlám

In Irish mythology, Nuada or Nuadu (modern spelling: Nuadha), known by the epithet Airgetlám (modern spelling: Airgeadlámh, meaning "silver hand/arm"), was the first king of the Tuatha Dé Danann.

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Nude (art)

The nude figure is a tradition in Western art, and has been used to express ideals of male and female beauty and other human qualities.

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Numa Pompilius

Numa Pompilius (753–673 BC; reigned 715–673 BC) was the legendary second king of Rome, succeeding Romulus.

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Numen

Numen, pl.

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Numitor

In Roman mythology, King Numitor of Alba Longa, was the son of Procas, descendant of Aeneas the Trojan, and father of Rhea Silvia and Lausus In 794 BC Procas died and was meant to be succeeded by Numitor.

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Obelisk of Montecitorio

The Obelisk of Montecitorio (Obelisco di Montecitorio), also known as Solare, is an ancient Egyptian, red granite obelisk of Psammetichus II (595-589 BC) from Heliopolis.

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October Horse

In ancient Roman religion, the October Horse (Latin Equus October) was an animal sacrifice to Mars carried out on October 15, coinciding with the end of the agricultural and military campaigning season.

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Old English

Old English (Ænglisc, Anglisc, Englisc), or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest historical form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages.

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Old Latin

Old Latin, also known as Early Latin or Archaic Latin, refers to the Latin language in the period before 75 BC: before the age of Classical Latin.

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Ollioules

Ollioules is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

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Olloudius

Olloudius is a widely venerated Celtic god, known from locations as far apart as Custom Shrubs in Gloucestershire and Ollioules in southern Gaul.

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Oracle

In classical antiquity, an oracle was a person or agency considered to provide wise and insightful counsel or prophetic predictions or precognition of the future, inspired by the god.

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Oscan language

Oscan is an extinct Indo-European language of southern Italy.

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Ovid

Publius Ovidius Naso (20 March 43 BC – 17/18 AD), known as Ovid in the English-speaking world, was a Roman poet who lived during the reign of Augustus.

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Ox

An ox (plural oxen), also known as a bullock in Australia and India, is a bovine trained as a draft animal or riding animal.

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Paludamentum

In Republican and Imperial Rome, the paludamentum was a cloak or cape fastened at one shoulder, worn by military commanders (e.g. the legionary Legatus) and rather less often by their troops.

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Parthian Empire

The Parthian Empire (247 BC – 224 AD), also known as the Arsacid Empire, was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Iran and Iraq.

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Patera

In the material culture of classical antiquity, a phiale or patera is a shallow ceramic or metal libation bowl.

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Patrician (ancient Rome)

The patricians (from patricius) were originally a group of ruling class families in ancient Rome.

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Pax Romana

The Pax Romana (Latin for "Roman Peace") was a long period of relative peace and stability experienced by the Roman Empire between the accession of Caesar Augustus, founder of the Roman principate, and the death of Marcus Aurelius, last of the "good emperors".

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Peony

The peony or paeony is a flowering plant in the genus Paeonia, the only genus in the family Paeoniaceae.

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Picentes

The name Picentes or Picentini (Πίκεντες, Πικεντῖνοι) refers to the population of Picenum, on the northern Adriatic coastal plain of ancient Italy.

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Picus

Picus was a figure in Roman mythology, was the first king of Latium.

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Piercebridge

Piercebridge is a village and civil parish in the borough of Darlington and the ceremonial county of Durham, England.

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Planet symbols

A planet symbol (or planetary symbol) is a graphical symbol either in astrology or astronomy representing either a classical planet (including the Sun and the Moon) or one of the eight modern planets.

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Plautus

Titus Maccius Plautus (c. 254 – 184 BC), commonly known as Plautus, was a Roman playwright of the Old Latin period.

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Pliny the Elder

Pliny the Elder (born Gaius Plinius Secundus, AD 23–79) was a Roman author, naturalist and natural philosopher, a naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and friend of emperor Vespasian.

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Plutarch

Plutarch (Πλούταρχος, Ploútarkhos,; c. CE 46 – CE 120), later named, upon becoming a Roman citizen, Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus, (Λούκιος Μέστριος Πλούταρχος) was a Greek biographer and essayist, known primarily for his Parallel Lives and Moralia.

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Pomerium

The pomerium or pomoerium was a religious boundary around the city of Rome and cities controlled by Rome.

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Pompeii

Pompeii was an ancient Roman city near modern Naples in the Campania region of Italy, in the territory of the comune of Pompei.

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Pomponius Porphyrion

Pomponius Porphyrion (or Porphyrio) was a Latin grammarian and commentator on Horace.

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Pontifex maximus

The Pontifex Maximus or pontifex maximus (Latin, "greatest priest") was the chief high priest of the College of Pontiffs (Collegium Pontificum) in ancient Rome.

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Porta Capena

The Porta Capena was a gate in the Servian Wall near the Caelian Hill, in Rome, Italy according to Roman tradition the sacred grove where Numa Pompilius and the nymph Egeria would meet.

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Porta Fontinalis

The Porta Fontinalis was a gate in the Servian Wall in ancient Rome.

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Portunus

Portunus is a genus of crab which includes several important species for fisheries, such as the blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus and the Gazami crab, P. trituberculatus.

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Princeps

Princeps (plural: principes) is a Latin word meaning "first in time or order; the first, foremost, chief, the most eminent, distinguished, or noble; the first man, first person".

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Proto-Celtic language

The Proto-Celtic language, also called Common Celtic, is the reconstructed ancestor language of all the known Celtic languages.

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Province of Córdoba (Spain)

Córdoba, also called Cordova in English, is a province of southern Spain, in the north-central part of the autonomous community of Andalusia.

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Province of Seville

Senado | dirigentes_nombres.

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Quinctia (gens)

The gens Quinctia, sometimes written Quintia, was a patrician family at Rome.

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Quintilian

Marcus Fabius Quintilianus (35 – 100 AD) was a Roman rhetorician from Hispania, widely referred to in medieval schools of rhetoric and in Renaissance writing.

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Quirinus

In Roman mythology and religion, Quirinus is an early god of the Roman state.

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Quirites

Quirites was an early name of the citizens of Ancient Rome.

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R. E. A. Palmer

Robert Everett Allen Palmer II (1933 – March 11, 2006) was a historian and a leading figure in the study of archaic Rome.

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Radiant crown

A radiant or radiate crown, also known as a solar crown, sun crown, or tyrant's crown, is a crown, wreath, diadem, or other headgear symbolizing the sun or more generally powers associated with the sun.

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Ramsay MacMullen

Ramsay MacMullen (born March 3, 1928 in New York City) is an Emeritus Professor of history at Yale University, where he taught from 1967 to his retirement in 1993 as Dunham Professor of History and Classics.

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Rí

Rí, or commonly ríg (genitive), is an ancient Gaelic word meaning "king".

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Regia

The Regia was a two-part structure in Ancient Rome lying along the Sacra Via at the edge of the Roman Forum that originally served as the residence or one of the main headquarters of kings of Rome and later as the office of the Pontifex Maximus, the high priest of Roman state religion.

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Relic

In religion, a relic usually consists of the physical remains of a saint or the personal effects of the saint or venerated person preserved for purposes of veneration as a tangible memorial.

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Relief

Relief is a sculptural technique where the sculpted elements remain attached to a solid background of the same material.

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Religion in ancient Rome

Religion in Ancient Rome includes the ancestral ethnic religion of the city of Rome that the Romans used to define themselves as a people, as well as the religious practices of peoples brought under Roman rule, in so far as they became widely followed in Rome and Italy.

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Rennes

Rennes (Roazhon,; Gallo: Resnn) is a city in the east of Brittany in northwestern France at the confluence of the Ille and the Vilaine.

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Res divina

In ancient Rome, res divinae, singular res divina (Latin for "divine matters," that is, the service of the gods), were the laws that pertained to the religious duties of the state and its officials.

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Rhea Silvia

Rhea Silvia (also written as Rea Silvia), and also known as Ilia, was the mythical mother of the twins Romulus and Remus, who founded the city of Rome.

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Robigalia

The Robigalia was a festival in ancient Roman religion held April 25, named for the god Robigus.

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Roman agriculture

Agriculture in ancient Rome was not only a necessity, but was idealized among the social elite as a way of life.

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Roman army

The Roman army (Latin: exercitus Romanus) is a term that can in general be applied to the terrestrial armed forces deployed by the Romans throughout the duration of Ancient Rome, from the Roman Kingdom (to c. 500 BC) to the Roman Republic (500–31 BC) and the Roman Empire (31 BC – 395), and its medieval continuation the Eastern Roman Empire.

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Roman art

Roman art refers to the visual arts made in Ancient Rome and in the territories of the Roman Empire.

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Roman Britain

Roman Britain (Britannia or, later, Britanniae, "the Britains") was the area of the island of Great Britain that was governed by the Roman Empire, from 43 to 410 AD.

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Roman calendar

The Roman calendar was the calendar used by the Roman kingdom and republic.

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Roman cavalry

Roman cavalry (Latin: equites Romani) refers to the horse-mounted forces of the Roman army throughout the Regal, Republican, and Imperial eras.

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Roman censor

The censor was a magistrate in ancient Rome who was responsible for maintaining the census, supervising public morality, and overseeing certain aspects of the government's finances.

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Roman Dacia

Roman Dacia (also Dacia Traiana "Trajan Dacia" or Dacia Felix "Fertile/Happy Dacia") was a province of the Roman Empire from 106 to 274–275 AD.

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Roman dictator

A dictator was a magistrate of the Roman Republic, entrusted with the full authority of the state to deal with a military emergency or to undertake a specific duty.

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Roman Empire

The Roman Empire (Imperium Rōmānum,; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr.) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.

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Roman festivals

Festivals in ancient Rome were a very important part of Roman religious life during both the Republican and Imperial eras, and one of the primary features of the Roman calendar.

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Roman historiography

Roman historiography is indebted to the Greeks, who invented the form.

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Roman Inscriptions of Britain

Roman Inscriptions of Britain is a 3-volume corpus of inscriptions found in Britain from the Roman period.

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Roman magistrate

The Roman magistrates were elected officials in Ancient Rome.

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Roman mythology

Roman mythology is the body of traditional stories pertaining to ancient Rome's legendary origins and religious system, as represented in the literature and visual arts of the Romans.

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Roman province

In Ancient Rome, a province (Latin: provincia, pl. provinciae) was the basic and, until the Tetrarchy (from 293 AD), the largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire's territorial possessions outside Italy.

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Roman Republic

The Roman Republic (Res publica Romana) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire.

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Roman Senate

The Roman Senate (Senatus Romanus; Senato Romano) was a political institution in ancient Rome.

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Roman villa

A Roman villa was a country house built for the upper class in the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, similar in form to the hacienda estates in the colonies of the Spanish Empire.

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Romance languages

The Romance languages (also called Romanic languages or Neo-Latin languages) are the modern languages that began evolving from Vulgar Latin between the sixth and ninth centuries and that form a branch of the Italic languages within the Indo-European language family.

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Romano-Celtic temple

A Romano-Celtic temple (more specifically a Romano-British temple in Great Britain, or Gallo-Roman temple in the Continental region formerly comprising Gaul) is a sub-class of Roman temple found in the north-western provinces of the Roman Empire.

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Romulus and Remus

In Roman mythology, Romulus and Remus are twin brothers, whose story tells the events that led to the founding of the city of Rome and the Roman Kingdom by Romulus.

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Rust

Rust is an iron oxide, a usually red oxide formed by the redox reaction of iron and oxygen in the presence of water or air moisture.

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Sabines

The Sabines (Sabini; Σαβῖνοι Sabĩnoi; Sabini, all exonyms) were an Italic tribe which lived in the central Apennines of ancient Italy, also inhabiting Latium north of the Anio before the founding of Rome.

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Sablet

Sablet is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

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Sacellum

In ancient Roman religion, a sacellum is a small shrine.

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Sacred grove

A sacred grove or sacred woods are any grove of trees that are of special religious importance to a particular culture.

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Sagunto

Sagunto (Sagunt, Sagunto) is a town in Eastern Spain, in the modern fertile comarca of Camp de Morvedre in the province of Valencia.

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Salii

In ancient Roman religion, the Salii were the "leaping priests" (from the verb saliō "leap, jump") of Mars supposed to have been introduced by King Numa Pompilius.

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Salus

Salus (salus, "safety", "salvation", "welfare") was a Roman goddess.

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Saturn (mythology)

Saturn (Saturnus) is a god in ancient Roman religion, and a character in myth as a god of generation, dissolution, plenty, wealth, agriculture, periodic renewal and liberation.

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Sceptre

A sceptre (British English) or scepter (American English; see spelling differences) is a symbolic ornamental staff or wand held in the hand by a ruling monarch as an item of royal or imperial insignia.

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Scorpius

Scorpius is one of the constellations of the zodiac.

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Sea of Marmara

The Sea of Marmara (Marmara Denizi), also known as the Sea of Marmora or the Marmara Sea, and in the context of classical antiquity as the Propontis is the inland sea, entirely within the borders of Turkey, that connects the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea, thus separating Turkey's Asian and European parts.

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Sequani

Sequani, in ancient geography, were a Gallic people who occupied the upper river basin of the Arar (Saône), the valley of the Doubs and the Jura Mountains, their territory corresponding to Franche-Comté and part of Burgundy.

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Severus Alexander

Severus Alexander (Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander Augustus; c.207 - 19 March 235) was Roman Emperor from 222 to 235 and the last emperor of the Severan dynasty.

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Sextus Pompeius Festus

Sextus Pompeius Festus, usually known simply as Festus, was a Roman grammarian who probably flourished in the later 2nd century AD, perhaps at Narbo (Narbonne) in Gaul.

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Silvanus (mythology)

Silvanus (meaning "of the woods" in Latin) was a Roman tutelary deity of woods and fields.

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Silver-gilt

Silver-gilt or gilded/gilt silver, sometimes known in American English by the French term vermeil, is silver (either pure or sterling) which has been gilded with gold.

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Sines

Sines is a Portuguese city of Setúbal District, the Alentejo region and subregion of the Alentejo coast, with about 18,298 inhabitants (2015 INE).

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Slavery in ancient Rome

Slavery in ancient Rome played an important role in society and the economy.

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Smertrios

In Gallo-Roman religion, Smertrios or Smertrius was a god of war worshipped in Gaul and Noricum.

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Sodales Augustales

The Sodales or Sacerdotes Augustales (singular Sodalis or Sacerdos Augustalis), or simply Augustales,Tacitus, The Annals 1.54 were an order (sodalitas) of Roman priests instituted by Tiberius to attend to the maintenance of the cult of Augustus and the Julii.

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Solarium Augusti

The Solarium Augusti (also called Horologium Augusti) was an ancient Roman monument in the Campus Martius constructed during the reign of Augustus.

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South Shields

South Shields is a coastal town at the mouth of the River Tyne, England, about downstream from Newcastle upon Tyne.

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State of Rome

State of Rome (Roman State) refers to Ancient Rome as a nation-state, that is, a country.

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Statius

Publius Papinius Statius (c. 45c. 96 AD) was a Roman poet of the 1st century AD (Silver Age of Latin literature).

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Stirlingshire

Stirlingshire or the County of Stirling (Coontie o Stirlin, Siorrachd Sruighlea) is a historic county and registration countyRegisters of Scotland.

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Suffolk

Suffolk is an East Anglian county of historic origin in England.

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Sundial

A sundial is a device that tells the time of day when there is sunlight by the apparent position of the Sun in the sky.

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Suovetaurilia

The suovetaurilia or suovitaurilia was one of the most sacred and traditional rites of Roman religion: the sacrifice of a pig (sus), a sheep (ovis) and a bull (taurus) to the deity Mars to bless and purify land (Lustratio).

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T. P. Wiseman

Timothy Peter Wiseman (born 3 February 1940), who usually publishes as T. P.

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Talaiot

The talaiots, or talayots, are Bronze Age megaliths on the islands of Menorca and Majorca forming part of the Talaiotic Culture or Talaiotic Period.

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Týr

Týr (Old Norse: Týr short.

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Thebaid (Latin poem)

The Thebaid (Thēbaïs) is a Latin epic in 12 books written in dactylic hexameter by Publius Papinius Statius (AD c. 45 – c. 96).

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Thrace

Thrace (Modern Θράκη, Thráki; Тракия, Trakiya; Trakya) is a geographical and historical area in southeast Europe, now split between Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey, which is bounded by the Balkan Mountains to the north, the Aegean Sea to the south and the Black Sea to the east.

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Tiberius

Tiberius (Tiberius Caesar Divi Augusti filius Augustus; 16 November 42 BC – 16 March 37 AD) was Roman emperor from 14 AD to 37 AD, succeeding the first emperor, Augustus.

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Toga

The toga, a distinctive garment of Ancient Rome, was a roughly semicircular cloth, between in length, draped over the shoulders and around the body.

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Toutatis

Toutatis or Teutates was a Celtic god worshipped in ancient Gaul and Britain.

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Treveri

The Treveri or Treviri were a Belgic tribe who inhabited the lower valley of the Moselle from around 150 BCE, if not earlier, until their displacement by the Franks.

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Trier

Trier (Tréier), formerly known in English as Treves (Trèves) and Triers (see also names in other languages), is a city in Germany on the banks of the Moselle.

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Trifunctional hypothesis

The trifunctional hypothesis of prehistoric Proto-Indo-European society postulates a tripartite ideology ("idéologie tripartite") reflected in the existence of three classes or castes—priests, warriors, and commoners (farmers or tradesmen)—corresponding to the three functions of the sacral, the martial and the economic, respectively.

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Trojan War

In Greek mythology, the Trojan War was waged against the city of Troy by the Achaeans (Greeks) after Paris of Troy took Helen from her husband Menelaus, king of Sparta.

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Tubilustrium

In Ancient Rome the month of March was the traditional start of the campaign season, and the Tubilustrium was a ceremony to make the army fit for war.

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Tuesday

Tuesday is the day of the week between Monday and Wednesday.

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Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa

Colonia Ulpia Traiana Augusta Dacica Sarmizegetusa was the capital and the largest city of Roman Dacia, later named Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa after the former Dacian capital, located some 40 km away.

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Ultio

Ultio ("Vengeance") was an ancient Roman goddess whose cultus was associated with Mars.

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Umbrian language

Umbrian is an extinct Italic language formerly spoken by the Umbri in the ancient Italian region of Umbria.

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Usurper

A usurper is an illegitimate or controversial claimant to power, often but not always in a monarchy.

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Valerius Maximus

Valerius Maximus was a Latin writer and author of a collection of historical anecdotes: Factorum ac dictorum memorabilium libri IX ("nine books of memorable deeds and sayings", also known as De factis dictisque memorabilibus or Facta et dicta memorabilia) Factorum ac dictorum memorabilium libri IX.

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Venus (mythology)

Venus (Classical Latin) is the Roman goddess whose functions encompassed love, beauty, desire, sex, fertility, prosperity and victory.

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Ver sacrum

Ver sacrum ("sacred spring") is a religious practice of ancient Italic peoples, especially Sabines and their offshoot Samnites, concerning the deduction of colonies.

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Vesta (mythology)

Vesta is the virgin goddess of the hearth, home, and family in Roman religion.

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Vichy

Vichy (Vichèi in Occitan) is a city in the Allier department of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France, in the historic province of Bourbonnais.

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Victoria (mythology)

Victoria, in ancient Roman religion, was the personified goddess of victory.

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Virility

Virility (from the Latin virilitas, manhood or virility, derived from Latin vir, man) refers to any of a wide range of masculine characteristics viewed positively.

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Virtus

Virtus was a specific virtue in Ancient Rome.

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Visucius

Visucius was a Gallo-Roman god, usually identified with Mercury.

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Vitruvius

Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (c. 80–70 BC – after c. 15 BC), commonly known as Vitruvius, was a Roman author, architect, civil engineer and military engineer during the 1st century BC, known for his multi-volume work entitled De architectura.

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Vocative case

The vocative case (abbreviated) is the case used for a noun that identifies a person (animal, object etc.) being addressed or occasionally the determiners of that noun.

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Votum

In ancient Roman religion, a votum, plural vota, is a vow or promise made to a deity.

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Vulcan (mythology)

Vulcan (Latin: Volcānus or Vulcānus) is the god of fire including the fire of volcanoes, metalworking, and the forge in ancient Roman religion and myth.

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W. Geoffrey Arnott

William Geoffrey Arnott (17 September 1930 – 1 December 2010) was a British Hellenist who studied comic and other forms of poetry, as well as birds in the ancient world.

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Warburg Institute

The Warburg Institute is a research institution associated with the University of London in central London, England.

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West Coker

West Coker is a large village and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated south west of Yeovil in the South Somerset district.

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Wheat leaf rust

Wheat leaf rust is a fungal disease that affects wheat, barley and rye stems, leaves and grains.

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William Warde Fowler

William Warde Fowler (16 May 1847 – 15 June 1921) was an English historian and ornithologist, and tutor at Lincoln College, Oxford.

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Zeus

Zeus (Ζεύς, Zeús) is the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion, who rules as king of the gods of Mount Olympus.

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Altar of Mars, Gates of War, God mars, Mars (God), Mars (Roman god), Mars (Roman religion and mythology), Mars (deity), Mars (god), Mars Gradivus, Mars Strider, Mars Ultor, Mars, God Of War, Mars/God, Mavors, Rigisamos, Ultor, War Gates.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_(mythology)

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