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Marshall Space Flight Center

Index Marshall Space Flight Center

The George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), located in Redstone Arsenal, Alabama (Huntsville postal address), is the U.S. government's civilian rocketry and spacecraft propulsion research center. [1]

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Table of Contents

  1. 232 relations: Alabama, Alan Shepard, Alex McCool, Ames Research Center, Angular resolution, Apollo 11, Apollo 12, Apollo 13, Apollo 14, Apollo 15, Apollo 16, Apollo 17, Apollo Applications Program, Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package, Apollo program, Apollo Telescope Mount, Apollo–Soyuz, Ares I, Ares V, Army Ballistic Missile Agency, Art Stephenson, Arthur E. Goldman, Arthur Rudolph, Astronaut, Atlas-Centaur, Atom, Boeing, Boilerplate (spaceflight), Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Carolyn S. Griner, Cassegrain reflector, Chandra X-ray Observatory, Chrysler, Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, Constellation program, Cosmic ray, Crew Exploration Vehicle, Crew Return Vehicle, Cummings Research Park, DARPA, David A. King (engineer), Delta (rocket family), Dieter Grau, Diffraction-limited system, Douglas Aircraft Company, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Eberhard Rees, Einstein Observatory, Electronvolt, Elliptic orbit, ... Expand index (182 more) »

  2. 1960 establishments in Alabama
  3. Landmarks in Alabama

Alabama

Alabama is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States.

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Alan Shepard

Alan Bartlett Shepard Jr. (November 18, 1923 – July 21, 1998) was an American astronaut.

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Alex McCool

Alexander A. McCool Jr. (10 December 1923 – 14 July 2020) was manager of the Space Shuttle Projects Office at the NASA George C. Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama.

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Ames Research Center

The Ames Research Center (ARC), also known as NASA Ames, is a major NASA research center at Moffett Federal Airfield in California's Silicon Valley. Marshall Space Flight Center and Ames Research Center are space technology research institutes.

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Angular resolution

Angular resolution describes the ability of any image-forming device such as an optical or radio telescope, a microscope, a camera, or an eye, to distinguish small details of an object, thereby making it a major determinant of image resolution.

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Apollo 11

Apollo 11 (July 16–24, 1969) was the American spaceflight that first landed humans on the Moon.

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Apollo 12

Apollo 12 (November 14–24, 1969) was the sixth crewed flight in the United States Apollo program and the second to land on the Moon.

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Apollo 13

Apollo 13 (April 1117, 1970) was the seventh crewed mission in the Apollo space program and the third meant to land on the Moon.

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Apollo 14

Apollo 14 (January 31February 9, 1971) was the eighth crewed mission in the United States Apollo program, the third to land on the Moon, and the first to land in the lunar highlands.

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Apollo 15

Apollo 15 (July 26August 7, 1971) was the ninth crewed mission in the United States' Apollo program and the fourth to land on the Moon.

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Apollo 16

Apollo 16 (April 1627, 1972) was the tenth crewed mission in the United States Apollo space program, administered by NASA, and the fifth and penultimate to land on the Moon.

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Apollo 17

Apollo 17 (December 7–19, 1972) was the eleventh and final mission of NASA's Apollo program, the sixth and most recent time humans have set foot on the Moon or traveled beyond low Earth orbit.

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Apollo Applications Program

The Apollo Applications Program (AAP) was created as early as 1966 by NASA headquarters to develop science-based human spaceflight missions using hardware developed for the Apollo program.

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Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package

The Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP) comprised a set of scientific instruments placed by the astronauts at the landing site of each of the five Apollo missions to land on the Moon following Apollo 11 (Apollos 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17).

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Apollo program

The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which succeeded in preparing and landing the first men on the Moon from 1968 to 1972.

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Apollo Telescope Mount

The Apollo Telescope Mount, or ATM, was a crewed solar observatory that was a part of Skylab, the first American space station.

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Apollo–Soyuz

Apollo–Soyuz was the first crewed international space mission, carried out jointly by the United States and the Soviet Union in July 1975.

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Ares I

Ares I was the crew launch vehicle that was being developed by NASA as part of the Constellation program.

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Ares V

The Ares V (formerly known as the Cargo Launch Vehicle or CaLV) was the planned cargo launch component of the cancelled NASA Constellation program, which was to have replaced the Space Shuttle after its retirement in 2011.

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Army Ballistic Missile Agency

The Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) was formed to develop the U.S. Army's first large ballistic missile.

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Art Stephenson

Arthur G. Stephenson (born 1942) was the ninth Director of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center located in Huntsville, Alabama.

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Arthur E. Goldman

Arthur Eugene "Gene" Goldman (born November 10, 1953) is the executive director for Aerojet's Southeast Space Operations division.

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Arthur Rudolph

Arthur Louis Hugo Rudolph (November 9, 1906 – January 1, 1996) was a German rocket engineer who was a leader of the effort to develop the V-2 rocket for Nazi Germany.

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Astronaut

An astronaut (from the Ancient Greek ἄστρον, meaning 'star', and ναύτης, meaning 'sailor') is a person trained, equipped, and deployed by a human spaceflight program to serve as a commander or crew member aboard a spacecraft.

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Atlas-Centaur

The Atlas-Centaur was a United States expendable launch vehicle derived from the SM-65 Atlas D missile.

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Atom

Atoms are the basic particles of the chemical elements.

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Boeing

The Boeing Company (or simply Boeing) is an American multinational corporation that designs, manufactures, and sells airplanes, rotorcraft, rockets, satellites, and missiles worldwide.

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Boilerplate (spaceflight)

A boilerplate spacecraft, also known as a mass simulator, is a nonfunctional craft or payload that is used to test various configurations and basic size, load, and handling characteristics of rocket launch vehicles.

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Cape Canaveral Space Force Station

Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS) is an installation of the United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 45, located on Cape Canaveral in Brevard County, Florida.

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Carolyn S. Griner

Carolyn S. Griner (born 1945) is an American astronautical engineer.

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Cassegrain reflector

The Cassegrain reflector is a combination of a primary concave mirror and a secondary convex mirror, often used in optical telescopes and radio antennas, the main characteristic being that the optical path folds back onto itself, relative to the optical system's primary mirror entrance aperture.

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Chandra X-ray Observatory

The Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO), previously known as the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF), is a Flagship-class space telescope launched aboard the during STS-93 by NASA on July 23, 1999.

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Chrysler

FCA US, LLC, doing business as Stellantis North America and known historically as Chrysler, is one of the "Big Three" automobile manufacturers in the United States, headquartered in Auburn Hills, Michigan.

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Compton Gamma Ray Observatory

The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) was a space observatory detecting photons with energies from 20 keV to 30 GeV, in Earth orbit from 1991 to 2000.

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Constellation program

The Constellation program (abbreviated CxP) was a crewed spaceflight program developed by NASA, the space agency of the United States, from 2005 to 2009.

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Cosmic ray

Cosmic rays or astroparticles are high-energy particles or clusters of particles (primarily represented by protons or atomic nuclei) that move through space at nearly the speed of light.

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Crew Exploration Vehicle

The Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) was a component of the U.S. NASA Vision for Space Exploration plan.

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Crew Return Vehicle

The Crew Return Vehicle (CRV), sometimes referred to as the Assured Crew Return Vehicle (ACRV), was a proposed dedicated lifeboat or escape module for the International Space Station (ISS).

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Cummings Research Park

Cummings Research Park, located primarily in the city of Huntsville, Alabama is the second largest research park in the United States and the fourth largest in the world.

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DARPA

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is a research and development agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military.

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David A. King (engineer)

David Arnold King is an American engineer who was the tenth Director of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama.

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Delta (rocket family)

The Delta rocket family was a versatile range of American rocket-powered expendable launch systems that provided space launch capability in the United States from 1960 to 2024.

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Dieter Grau

Dieter Grau (April 24, 1913 – December 17, 2014) was a German-born American aerospace engineer and member of the "von Braun rocket group", at Peenemünde (1939–1945) working on the V-2 rockets in World War II.

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Diffraction-limited system

In optics, any optical instrument or systema microscope, telescope, or camerahas a principal limit to its resolution due to the physics of diffraction.

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Douglas Aircraft Company

The Douglas Aircraft Company was an American aerospace and defense company based in Southern California.

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Dwight D. Eisenhower

Dwight David Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969), nicknamed Ike, was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961.

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Eberhard Rees

Eberhard Friedrich Michael Rees (April 28, 1908 – April 2, 1998) was a German-American (by becoming a naturalized citizen of the United States) rocketry pioneer and the second director of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center.

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Einstein Observatory

Einstein Observatory (HEAO-2) was the first fully imaging X-ray telescope put into space and the second of NASA's three High Energy Astrophysical Observatories.

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Electronvolt

In physics, an electronvolt (symbol eV), also written electron-volt and electron volt, is the measure of an amount of kinetic energy gained by a single electron accelerating through an electric potential difference of one volt in vacuum.

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Elliptic orbit

In astrodynamics or celestial mechanics, an elliptic orbit or elliptical orbit is a Kepler orbit with an eccentricity of less than 1; this includes the special case of a circular orbit, with eccentricity equal to 0.

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Enrico Costa (physicist)

Enrico Costa (born 1944 in Sassari, Sardinia) is an Italian astrophysicist, known for studies of gamma ray bursts (GRBs).

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Ernst Geissler

Ernst Geissler (3 August 1915 in Chemnitz, Saxony, Germany – 3 June 1989 in Huntsville, Alabama, United States) was a German-American aerospace engineer.

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Ernst Stuhlinger

Ernst Stuhlinger (December 19, 1913 – May 25, 2008) was a German-American atomic, electrical, and rocket scientist.

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European Space Agency

The European Space Agency (ESA) is a 22-member intergovernmental body devoted to space exploration.

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European Space Research Organisation

The European Space Research Organisation (ESRO) was an international organisation founded by 10 European nations with the intention of jointly pursuing scientific research in space.

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Expendable launch system

An expendable launch system (or expendable launch vehicle/ELV) is a launch vehicle that can be launched only once, after which its components are either destroyed during reentry or discarded in space.

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Explorer 1

Explorer 1 was the first satellite launched by the United States in 1958 and was part of the U.S. participation in the International Geophysical Year (IGY).

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Extended Duration Orbiter

The Extended Duration Orbiter (EDO) program was a project by NASA to prepare for long-term (months) microgravity research aboard Space Station Freedom, which later evolved into the International Space Station.

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Extravehicular activity

Extravehicular activity (EVA) is any activity done by an astronaut in outer space outside a spacecraft.

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FASTSAT

Fast, Affordable, Science and Technology Satellite-Huntsville 01 or FASTSAT-Huntsville 01 of the NASA.

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Federal government of the United States

The federal government of the United States (U.S. federal government or U.S. government) is the national government of the United States, a federal republic located primarily in North America, composed of 50 states, five major self-governing territories, several island possessions, and the federal district/national capital of Washington, D.C., where most of the federal government is based.

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Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope

The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (FGST, also FGRST), formerly called the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST), is a space observatory being used to perform gamma-ray astronomy observations from low Earth orbit.

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Fort Bliss

Fort Bliss is a United States Army post in New Mexico and Texas, with its headquarters in El Paso, Texas.

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Frederick W. Leslie

Fred Weldon Leslie is an American scientist who flew on the NASA STS-73 Space Shuttle mission as a payload specialist.

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Gamma-ray astronomy

Gamma-ray astronomy is a subfield of astronomy where scientists observe and study celestial objects and phenomena in outer space which emit cosmic electromagnetic radiation in the form of gamma rays,Astronomical literature generally hyphenates "gamma-ray" when used as an adjective, but uses "gamma ray" without a hyphen for the noun.

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Gene Porter Bridwell

Gene Porter Bridwell (October 4, 1935 – August 4, 2016) was the seventh director of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center located in Huntsville, Alabama.

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General of the Army (United States)

General of the Army (abbreviated as GA) is a five-star general officer rank in the United States Army.

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General relativity

General relativity, also known as the general theory of relativity and Einstein's theory of gravity, is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and is the current description of gravitation in modern physics.

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George C. Marshall

George Catlett Marshall Jr. (31 December 1880 – 16 October 1959) was an American army officer and statesman.

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George Mueller (engineer)

George Edwin Mueller (July 16, 1918 – October 12, 2015), was an American electrical engineer who was an associate administrator at NASA, heading the Office of Manned Space Flight from September 1963 until December 1969.

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Gerald J. Fishman

Gerald Jay (Jerry) Fishman (born February 10, 1943) is an American research astrophysicist, specializing in gamma-ray astronomy.

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Getaway Special

Getaway Special was a NASA program that offered interested individuals, or groups, opportunities to fly small experiments aboard the Space Shuttle.

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Gimbaled thrust

Gimbaled thrust is the system of thrust vectoring used in most rockets, including the Space Shuttle, the Saturn V lunar rockets, and the Falcon 9.

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Glenn Research Center

NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field is a NASA center within the cities of Brook Park and Cleveland between Cleveland Hopkins International Airport and the Rocky River Reservation of Cleveland Metroparks, with a subsidiary facility in Sandusky, Ohio. Marshall Space Flight Center and Glenn Research Center are space technology research institutes.

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Goddard Space Flight Center

The Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is a major NASA space research laboratory located approximately northeast of Washington, D.C. in Greenbelt, Maryland, United States. Marshall Space Flight Center and Goddard Space Flight Center are space technology research institutes.

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Gravity Probe A

Gravity Probe A (GP-A) was a space-based experiment to test the equivalence principle, a feature of Einstein's theory of relativity.

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Gravity Probe B

Gravity Probe B (GP-B) was a satellite-based experiment to test two unverified predictions of general relativity: the geodetic effect and frame-dragging.

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Great Observatories program

NASA's series of Great Observatories satellites are four large, powerful space-based astronomical telescopes launched between 1990 and 2003.

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Hancock County, Mississippi

Hancock County is the southernmost county of the U.S. state of Mississippi and is named for Founding Father John Hancock.

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Harmony (ISS module)

Harmony, also known as Node 2, is the "utility hub" of the International Space Station.

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HEAO Program

The High Energy Astronomy Observatory Program was a NASA program of the late 1970s and early 1980s that included a series of three large low-Earth-orbiting spacecraft for X-ray and Gamma-Ray astronomy and Cosmic-Ray investigations.

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Heinz-Hermann Koelle

Heinz-Hermann Koelle (22 July 1925, in Danzig, Free City of Danzig – 20 February 2011, in Berlin, Germany) was a German aeronautical engineer who made the preliminary designs on the rocket that would emerge as the Saturn I.

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Helmut Hölzer

Helmut Hoelzer was a Nazi Germany V-2 rocket engineer who was brought to the United States under Operation Paperclip.

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Heritage Documentation Programs

Heritage Documentation Programs (HDP) is a division of the U.S. National Park Service (NPS) responsible for administering the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS), Historic American Engineering Record (HAER), and Historic American Landscapes Survey (HALS).

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Hertz

The hertz (symbol: Hz) is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI), equivalent to one event (or cycle) per second.

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Hinode (satellite)

Hinode (ひので,, Sunrise), formerly Solar-B, is a Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Solar mission with United States and United Kingdom collaboration.

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Hubble Space Telescope

The Hubble Space Telescope (often referred to as HST or Hubble) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation.

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Human-rating certification

Human-rating certification, also known as man-rating or crew-rating, is the certification of a spacecraft or launch vehicle as capable of safely transporting humans.

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Huntsville, Alabama

Huntsville is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Hydrogen maser

A hydrogen maser, also known as hydrogen frequency standard, is a specific type of maser that uses the intrinsic properties of the hydrogen atom to serve as a precision frequency reference.

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IBM

International Business Machines Corporation (using the trademark IBM), nicknamed Big Blue, is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York and present in over 175 countries.

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Inertial Upper Stage

The Inertial Upper Stage (IUS), originally designated the Interim Upper Stage, was a two-stage, solid-fueled space launch system developed by Boeing for the United States Air Force beginning in 1976 for raising payloads from low Earth orbit to higher orbits or interplanetary trajectories following launch aboard a Titan 34D or Titan IV rocket as its upper stage, or from the payload bay of the Space Shuttle as a space tug.

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Infrared

Infrared (IR; sometimes called infrared light) is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with wavelengths longer than that of visible light but shorter than microwaves.

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International Space Station

The International Space Station (ISS) is a large space station assembled and maintained in low Earth orbit by a collaboration of five space agencies and their contractors: NASA (United States), Roscosmos (Russia), ESA (Europe), JAXA (Japan), and CSA (Canada).

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J. Wayne Littles

Jerrol Wayne Littles (born July 14, 1939) was the eighth director of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center located in Huntsville, Alabama.

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James R. Thompson Jr.

James Robert Thompson Jr. (March 6, 1936 – November 7, 2017), known as J.R. Thompson, was the fifth director of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center located in Huntsville, Alabama.

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James Webb Space Telescope

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space telescope designed to conduct infrared astronomy.

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John F. Kennedy

John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to as JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination in 1963.

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Johnson Space Center

The Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (JSC) is NASA's center for human spaceflight in Houston, Texas (originally named the Manned Spacecraft Center), where human spaceflight training, research, and flight control are conducted. Marshall Space Flight Center and Johnson Space Center are space technology research institutes.

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Juno I

The Juno I was a four-stage American space launch vehicle, used to launch lightweight payloads into low Earth orbit.

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Jupiter-C

The Jupiter-C was an American research and development vehicle developed from the Jupiter-A. Jupiter-C was used for three uncrewed sub-orbital spaceflights in 1956 and 1957 to test re-entry nosecones that were later to be deployed on the more advanced PGM-19 Jupiter mobile missile.

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Karl Heimburg

Karl Ludwig Heimburg (January 29, 1910 - January 26, 1997) was a German-American engineer and Operation Paperclip hire.

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Kennedy Space Center

The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC, originally known as the NASA Launch Operations Center), located on Merritt Island, Florida, is one of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) ten field centers.

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Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39

Launch Complex 39 (LC-39) is a rocket launch site at the John F. Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island in Florida, United States.

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Kibō (ISS module)

The Japanese Experiment Module (JEM), nicknamed, is a Japanese science module for the International Space Station (ISS) developed by JAXA.

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Kodiak Island

Kodiak Island (Qikertaq, Кадьяк) is a large island on the south coast of the U.S. state of Alaska, separated from the Alaska mainland by the Shelikof Strait.

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Kurt Debus

Kurt Heinrich Debus (November 29, 1908 – October 10, 1983) was a German-American rocket engineer and NASA director.

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LAGEOS

LAGEOS, Laser Geodynamics Satellite or Laser Geometric Environmental Observation Survey, are a series of two scientific research satellites designed to provide an orbiting laser ranging benchmark for geodynamical studies of the Earth.

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Langley Research Center

The Langley Research Center (LaRC or NASA Langley), located in Hampton, Virginia near the Chesapeake Bay front of Langley Air Force Base, is the oldest of NASA's field centers. Marshall Space Flight Center and Langley Research Center are space technology research institutes.

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Large Ultraviolet Optical Infrared Surveyor

The Large Ultraviolet Optical Infrared Surveyor, commonly known as LUVOIR, is a multi-wavelength space telescope concept being developed by NASA under the leadership of a Science and Technology Definition Team.

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List of Space Shuttle missions

The Space Shuttle was a partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated by NASA (the National Aeronautics and Space Administration).

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Low Earth orbit

A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit around Earth with a period of 128 minutes or less (making at least 11.25 orbits per day) and an eccentricity less than 0.25.

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Lunar Roving Vehicle

The Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) is a battery-powered four-wheeled rover used on the Moon in the last three missions of the American Apollo program (15, 16, and 17) during 1971 and 1972.

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Lyman Spitzer

Lyman Spitzer Jr. (June 26, 1914 – March 31, 1997) was an American theoretical physicist, astronomer and mountaineer.

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Madison County, Alabama

Madison County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Magellan (spacecraft)

The Magellan spacecraft was a robotic space probe launched by NASA on May 4, 1989.

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Man Will Conquer Space Soon!

"Man Will Conquer Space Soon!" was the title of a series of 1950s magazine articles in ''Collier's'' detailing Wernher von Braun's plans for human spaceflight.

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Man-hour

A man-hour or human-hour is the amount of work performed by the average worker in one hour.

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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

The Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics is part of the Max Planck Society, located in Garching, near Munich, Germany.

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Michoud Assembly Facility

The Michoud Assembly Facility (MAF) is an manufacturing complex owned by NASA in New Orleans East, a section of New Orleans, Louisiana, in the United States. Marshall Space Flight Center and Michoud Assembly Facility are space technology research institutes.

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Micrometeoroid

A micrometeoroid is a tiny meteoroid: a small particle of rock in space, usually weighing less than a gram.

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Minotaur IV

Minotaur IV, also known as Peacekeeper SLV and OSP-2 PK is an active expendable launch system derived from the LGM-118 Peacekeeper ICBM.

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Minute and second of arc

A minute of arc, arcminute (arcmin), arc minute, or minute arc, denoted by the symbol, is a unit of angular measurement equal to of one degree.

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Mir-2

Mir-2 was a Soviet space station project which began in February 1976.

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Miss Baker

Miss Baker (1957 – November 29, 1984) was a squirrel monkey who in 1959 became, along with female rhesus macaque Able, one of the first two animals launched into space by the United States who safely returned.

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NanoSail-D2

NanoSail-D2 was a small satellite built by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center and Ames Research Center to study the deployment of a solar sail in space.

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NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.

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National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics

The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) was a United States federal agency that was founded on March 3, 1915, to undertake, promote, and institutionalize aeronautical research.

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National Aeronautics and Space Act

The National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 is the United States federal statute that created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

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National Space Science and Technology Center

The National Space Science and Technology Center (NSSTC) in Huntsville, Alabama is a joint research venture between NASA and the seven research universities of the state of Alabama, represented by the Space Science and Technology Alliance. Marshall Space Flight Center and National Space Science and Technology Center are Landmarks in Alabama.

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Neutral Buoyancy Simulator

The Neutral Buoyancy Simulator was a neutral buoyancy pool located at NASA's George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC).

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North American Aviation

North American Aviation (NAA) was a major American aerospace manufacturer that designed and built several notable aircraft and spacecraft.

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Nose cone

A nose cone is the conically shaped forwardmost section of a rocket, guided missile or aircraft, designed to modulate oncoming airflow behaviors and minimize aerodynamic drag.

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O-ring

An O-ring, also known as a packing or a toric joint, is a mechanical gasket in the shape of a torus; it is a loop of elastomer with a round cross-section, designed to be seated in a groove and compressed during assembly between two or more parts, forming a seal at the interface.

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Occultation

An occultation is an event that occurs when one object is hidden from the observer by another object that passes between them.

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Operation Paperclip

Operation Paperclip was a secret United States intelligence program in which more than 1,600 German scientists, engineers, and technicians were taken from former Nazi Germany to the U.S. for government employment after the end of World War II in Europe, between 1945–59.

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Orbital period

The orbital period (also revolution period) is the amount of time a given astronomical object takes to complete one orbit around another object.

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Orbital Space Plane Program

The Orbital Space Plane (OSP) program was a NASA spaceplane concept in the early 2000s designed to support the International Space Station requirements for crew rescue, crew transport and contingency cargo transport.

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Orbiting Astronomical Observatory

The Orbiting Astronomical Observatory (OAO) satellites were a series of four American space observatories launched by NASA between 1966 and 1972, managed by NASA Chief of Astronomy Nancy Grace Roman.

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Orbiting Solar Observatory

The Orbiting Solar Observatory (abbreviated OSO) Program was the name of a series of American space telescopes primarily intended to study the Sun, though they also included important non-solar experiments.

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Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska

The Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska (PSCA), formerly known as the Kodiak Launch Complex (KLC), is a dual-use commercial and military spaceport for sub-orbital and orbital launch vehicles.

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Patrick Scheuermann

Patrick Scheuermann (pronounced "Sherman") is the former Director of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center located in Huntsville, Alabama.

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Payload Operations and Integration Center

The Payload Operations and Integration Center, part of the Huntsville Operations Support Center (HOSC), radio callsign Huntsville, or the Payload Operations Center, is a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) facility located at the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama.

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Peenemünde

Peenemünde ("Peene Mouth") is a municipality on the Baltic Sea island of Usedom in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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Pegasus (satellite)

The Pegasus Project was a NASA initiative to study the frequency of micrometeoroid impacts on spacecraft by means of a constellation of three satellites launched in 1965.

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PGM-11 Redstone

The PGM-11 Redstone was the first large American ballistic missile.

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PGM-19 Jupiter

The PGM-19 Jupiter was the first nuclear armed, medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) of the United States Air Force (USAF).

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Plate tectonics

Plate tectonics is the scientific theory that Earth's lithosphere comprises a number of large tectonic plates, which have been slowly moving since 3–4 billion years ago.

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Principal investigator

In many countries, the term principal investigator (PI) refers to the holder of an independent grant and the lead researcher for the grant project, usually in the sciences, such as a laboratory study or a clinical trial.

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Project Highwater

Project Highwater was an experiment carried out as part of two of the test flights of NASA's Saturn I launch vehicle (using battleship upper stages), successfully launched into a sub-orbital trajectory from Cape Canaveral, Florida.

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Project Horizon

Project Horizon was a 1959 study to determine the feasibility of constructing a scientific / military base on the Moon, at a time when the U.S. Department of the Army, Department of the Navy, and Department of the Air Force had total responsibility for U.S. space program plans.

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Project Mercury

Project Mercury was the first human spaceflight program of the United States, running from 1958 through 1963.

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Project Orbiter

Project Orbiter was a proposed United States spacecraft, an early competitor to Project Vanguard.

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Radioisotope thermoelectric generator

A radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG, RITEG), sometimes referred to as a radioisotope power system (RPS), is a type of nuclear battery that uses an array of thermocouples to convert the heat released by the decay of a suitable radioactive material into electricity by the Seebeck effect.

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Redstone Arsenal

Redstone Arsenal is a United States Army base adjacent to Huntsville, Alabama in the Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge. Marshall Space Flight Center and Redstone Arsenal are historic American Engineering Record in Alabama and Landmarks in Alabama.

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Richard Nixon

Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 37th president of the United States from 1969 to 1974.

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RL10

The RL10 is a liquid-fuel cryogenic rocket engine built in the United States by Aerojet Rocketdyne that burns cryogenic liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen propellants.

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Robert M. Lightfoot Jr.

Robert M. Lightfoot Jr. is former Acting Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), serving from January 20, 2017 until April 23, 2018.

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Robin Henderson

Robin Neely Henderson is the Associate Director, Management, of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center located in Huntsville, Alabama.

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Rocco Petrone

Rocco Anthony Petrone (March 31, 1926 – August 24, 2006) was an American mechanical engineer, U.S. Army officer and NASA official.

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Rocket

A rocket (from bobbin/spool) is a vehicle that uses jet propulsion to accelerate without using any surrounding air.

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Rocketdyne

Rocketdyne was an American rocket engine design and production company headquartered in Canoga Park, in the western San Fernando Valley of suburban Los Angeles, in southern California.

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Rocketdyne F-1

The F-1 is a rocket engine developed by Rocketdyne.

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Rocketdyne H-1

The Rocketdyne H-1 was a thrust liquid-propellant rocket engine burning LOX and RP-1.

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Rocketdyne J-2

The J-2, commonly known as Rocketdyne J-2, was a liquid-fuel cryogenic rocket engine used on NASA's Saturn IB and Saturn V launch vehicles.

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Saturn (rocket family)

The Saturn family of American rockets was developed by a team of former German rocket engineers and scientists led by Wernher von Braun to launch heavy payloads to Earth orbit and beyond.

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Saturn I

The Saturn I was a rocket designed as the United States' first medium lift launch vehicle for up to low Earth orbit payloads.

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Saturn IB

The Saturn IB(also known as the uprated Saturn I) was an American launch vehicle commissioned by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for the Apollo program.

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Saturn V

The Saturn V is a retired American super heavy-lift launch vehicle developed by NASA under the Apollo program for human exploration of the Moon.

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Saturn V dynamic test stand

Saturn V dynamic test stand, also known as dynamic structural test facility, at the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama is the test stand used for testing of the Saturn V rocket and the Space Shuttle prior to the vehicles' first flights.

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Saturn V instrument unit

The Saturn V instrument unit is a ring-shaped structure fitted to the top of the Saturn V rocket's third stage (S-IVB) and the Saturn IB's second stage (also an S-IVB).

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Saverio "Sonny" Morea

Saverio "Sonny" Morea (born January 23, 1932) is an American aerospace engineer, former NASA employee, and flight instructor.

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Scout (rocket family)

The Scout family of rockets were American launch vehicles designed to place small satellites into orbit around the Earth.

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Shaw Prize

The Shaw Prize refers to three annual awards presented by the Shaw Prize Foundation in the fields of astronomy, medicine and life sciences, and mathematical sciences.

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Shuttle Carrier Aircraft

The Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA) are two retired extensively modified Boeing 747 airliners that NASA used to transport Space Shuttle orbiters.

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Skylab

Skylab was the United States' first space station, launched by NASA, occupied for about 24 weeks between May 1973 and February 1974.

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Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory

The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) is a research institute of the Smithsonian Institution, concentrating on astrophysical studies including galactic and extragalactic astronomy, cosmology, solar, earth and planetary sciences, theory and instrumentation, using observations at wavelengths from the highest energy gamma rays to the radio, along with gravitational waves.

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Solar System

The Solar SystemCapitalization of the name varies.

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Solid rocket booster

A solid rocket booster (SRB) is a large solid propellant motor used to provide thrust in spacecraft launches from initial launch through the first ascent.

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Soyuz (spacecraft)

Soyuz is a series of spacecraft which has been in service since the 1960s, having made more than 140 flights.

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Space capsule

A space capsule is a spacecraft designed to transport cargo, scientific experiments, and/or astronauts to and from space.

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Space Launch System

The Space Launch System (SLS) is an American super heavy-lift expendable launch vehicle used by NASA.

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Space Shuttle

The Space Shuttle is a retired, partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated from 1981 to 2011 by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the Space Shuttle program.

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Space Shuttle Challenger

Space Shuttle Challenger (OV-099) was a Space Shuttle orbiter manufactured by Rockwell International and operated by NASA.

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Space Shuttle Challenger disaster

On January 28, 1986, the Space Shuttle ''Challenger'' broke apart 73 seconds into its flight, killing all seven crew members aboard.

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Space Shuttle Columbia

Space Shuttle Columbia (OV-102) was a Space Shuttle orbiter manufactured by Rockwell International and operated by NASA.

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Space Shuttle Columbia disaster

On Saturday, February 1, 2003, Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' disintegrated as it reentered the atmosphere over Texas and Louisiana, killing all seven astronauts on board.

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Space Shuttle external tank

The Space Shuttle external tank (ET) was the component of the Space Shuttle launch vehicle that contained the liquid hydrogen fuel and liquid oxygen oxidizer.

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Space Shuttle orbiter

The Space Shuttle orbiter is the spaceplane component of the Space Shuttle, a partially reusable orbital spacecraft system that was part of the discontinued Space Shuttle program.

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Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster

The Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) was the first solid-propellant rocket to be used for primary propulsion on a vehicle used for human spaceflight.

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Space Shuttle thermal protection system

The Space Shuttle thermal protection system (TPS) is the barrier that protected the Space Shuttle Orbiter during the searing heat of atmospheric reentry.

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Spacecraft propulsion

Spacecraft propulsion is any method used to accelerate spacecraft and artificial satellites.

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Spacelab

Spacelab was a reusable laboratory developed by European Space Agency (ESA) and used on certain spaceflights flown by the Space Shuttle.

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Spherical aberration

In optics, spherical aberration (SA) is a type of aberration found in optical systems that have elements with spherical surfaces.

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Sputnik 1

Sputnik 1 (Спутник-1, Satellite 1) was the first artificial Earth satellite.

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Sputnik 2

Sputnik 2 (Спутник-2, Satellite 2, or Prosteyshiy Sputnik 2 (PS-2, italic, Simplest Satellite 2, launched on 3 November 1957, was the second spacecraft launched into Earth orbit, and the first to carry an animal into orbit, a Soviet space dog named Laika.

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Stennis Space Center

The John C. Stennis Space Center (SSC) is a NASA rocket testing facility in Hancock County, Mississippi, United States, on the banks of the Pearl River at the Mississippi–Louisiana border. Marshall Space Flight Center and Stennis Space Center are Lockheed Martin and space technology research institutes.

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STS-1

STS-1 (Space Transportation System-1) was the first orbital spaceflight of NASA's Space Shuttle program.

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STS-2

STS-2 was the second Space Shuttle mission conducted by NASA, and the second flight of the orbiter ''Columbia''.

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STS-26

STS-26 was the 26th NASA Space Shuttle mission and the seventh flight of the orbiter ''Discovery''.

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STS-3

STS-3 was NASA's third Space Shuttle mission, and was the third mission for the Space Shuttle ''Columbia''.

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STS-35

STS-35 was the tenth flight of Space Shuttle ''Columbia'', the 38th shuttle mission.

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STS-4

STS-4 was the fourth NASA Space Shuttle mission, and also the fourth for Space Shuttle ''Columbia''.

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STS-45

STS-45 was a 1992 NASA Space Shuttle mission using the.

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STS-5

STS-5 was the fifth NASA Space Shuttle mission and the fifth flight of the Space Shuttle ''Columbia''.

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STS-50

STS-50 (U.S. Microgravity Laboratory-1) was a NASA Space Shuttle mission, the 12th mission of the Columbia orbiter.

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STS-51-L

STS-51-L was the disastrous 25th mission of NASA's Space Shuttle program and the final flight of Space Shuttle ''Challenger''.

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STS-73

STS-73 was a Space Shuttle program mission, during October–November 1995, on board the Space Shuttle ''Columbia''.

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STS-9

STS-9 (also referred to Spacelab 1) was the ninth NASA Space Shuttle mission and the sixth mission of the Space Shuttle ''Columbia''.

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Sub-orbital spaceflight

A sub-orbital spaceflight is a spaceflight in which the spacecraft reaches outer space, but its trajectory intersects the surface of the gravitating body from which it was launched.

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T. Jack Lee

Thomas Jack Lee (April 1, 1935 – February 24, 2019) was the sixth Director of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, from July 6, 1989 to January 6, 1994.

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U.S. Space & Rocket Center

The U.S. Space & Rocket Center in Huntsville, Alabama is a museum operated by the government of Alabama, showcasing rockets, achievements, and artifacts of the U.S. space program. Marshall Space Flight Center and U.S. Space & Rocket Center are Landmarks in Alabama.

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Ultraviolet

Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths of 10–400 nanometers, shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays.

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United States Army Ordnance Corps

The United States Army Ordnance Corps, formerly the United States Army Ordnance Department, is a sustainment branch of the United States Army, headquartered at Fort Gregg-Adams, Virginia.

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United States Census Bureau

The United States Census Bureau (USCB), officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy.

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United States Naval Research Laboratory

The United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is the corporate research laboratory for the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps.

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United States Secretary of the Army

The secretary of the Army (SA or SECARMY) is a senior civilian official within the United States Department of Defense, with statutory responsibility for all matters relating to the United States Army: manpower, personnel, reserve affairs, installations, environmental issues, weapons systems and equipment acquisition, communications and financial management.

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University of Alabama in Huntsville

The University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) is a public research university in Huntsville, Alabama. Marshall Space Flight Center and university of Alabama in Huntsville are Landmarks in Alabama.

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University of Chicago

The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, U of C, or UChi) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois.

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US Orbital Segment

The US Orbital Segment (USOS) is the name given to the components of the International Space Station (ISS) constructed and operated by the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), European Space Agency (ESA), Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA).

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V-2 rocket

The V2 (lit), with the technical name Aggregat 4 (A4), was the world's first long-range guided ballistic missile.

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Vanguard (rocket)

The Vanguard rocket was intended to be the first launch vehicle the United States would use to place a satellite into orbit.

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WAC Corporal

The WAC Corporal was the first sounding rocket developed in the United States and the first vehicle to achieve hypersonic speeds.

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Walter Haeussermann

Walter Haeussermann (also spelled Häussermann; March 2, 1914 – December 8, 2010) was a German-American aerospace engineer and member of the "von Braun rocket group", both at Peenemünde and later at Marshall Space Flight Center, where he was the director of the guidance and control laboratory.

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Weightlessness

Weightlessness is the complete or near-complete absence of the sensation of weight, i.e., zero apparent weight.

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Wernher von Braun

Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun (23 March 191216 June 1977) was a German-American aerospace engineer and space architect.

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White Sands Missile Range

White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) is a United States Army military testing area and firing range located in the US state of New Mexico.

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William Mrazek

William "Willi" Mrazek (October 20, 1911 – February 8, 1992) was a German-American loads engineer and member of the "von Braun rocket group." Mrazek worked first at Peenemünde Army Research Center and later, through Operation Paperclip, at Fort Bliss and the Marshall Space Flight Center, where he was involved with the development of the Saturn V rocket.

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William R. Lucas

William Ray Lucas (born March 1, 1922) was the fourth Director of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

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X-ray astronomy

X-ray astronomy is an observational branch of astronomy which deals with the study of X-ray observation and detection from astronomical objects.

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Zarya (space capsule)

The Zarya spacecraft was a secret Soviet project of the late 1980s aiming to design and build a large crewed vertical-takeoff, vertical-landing (VTVL) reusable space capsule, a much larger replacement for the Soyuz (spacecraft).

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See also

1960 establishments in Alabama

Landmarks in Alabama

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Space_Flight_Center

Also known as Future Projects Branch, GHCC, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), Global Hydrology and Climate Center, Marshall Rocket Center, Marshall Space Flight Center, AL, Marshall Spaceflight Center, NASA Marshall Space Center, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, NASA Marshall Spaceflight Center, NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, The George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, The George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC).

, Enrico Costa (physicist), Ernst Geissler, Ernst Stuhlinger, European Space Agency, European Space Research Organisation, Expendable launch system, Explorer 1, Extended Duration Orbiter, Extravehicular activity, FASTSAT, Federal government of the United States, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, Fort Bliss, Frederick W. Leslie, Gamma-ray astronomy, Gene Porter Bridwell, General of the Army (United States), General relativity, George C. Marshall, George Mueller (engineer), Gerald J. Fishman, Getaway Special, Gimbaled thrust, Glenn Research Center, Goddard Space Flight Center, Gravity Probe A, Gravity Probe B, Great Observatories program, Hancock County, Mississippi, Harmony (ISS module), HEAO Program, Heinz-Hermann Koelle, Helmut Hölzer, Heritage Documentation Programs, Hertz, Hinode (satellite), Hubble Space Telescope, Human-rating certification, Huntsville, Alabama, Hydrogen maser, IBM, Inertial Upper Stage, Infrared, International Space Station, J. Wayne Littles, James R. Thompson Jr., James Webb Space Telescope, John F. Kennedy, Johnson Space Center, Juno I, Jupiter-C, Karl Heimburg, Kennedy Space Center, Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39, Kibō (ISS module), Kodiak Island, Kurt Debus, LAGEOS, Langley Research Center, Large Ultraviolet Optical Infrared Surveyor, List of Space Shuttle missions, Low Earth orbit, Lunar Roving Vehicle, Lyman Spitzer, Madison County, Alabama, Magellan (spacecraft), Man Will Conquer Space Soon!, Man-hour, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Michoud Assembly Facility, Micrometeoroid, Minotaur IV, Minute and second of arc, Mir-2, Miss Baker, NanoSail-D2, NASA, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, National Aeronautics and Space Act, National Space Science and Technology Center, Neutral Buoyancy Simulator, North American Aviation, Nose cone, O-ring, Occultation, Operation Paperclip, Orbital period, Orbital Space Plane Program, Orbiting Astronomical Observatory, Orbiting Solar Observatory, Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska, Patrick Scheuermann, Payload Operations and Integration Center, Peenemünde, Pegasus (satellite), PGM-11 Redstone, PGM-19 Jupiter, Plate tectonics, Principal investigator, Project Highwater, Project Horizon, Project Mercury, Project Orbiter, Radioisotope thermoelectric generator, Redstone Arsenal, Richard Nixon, RL10, Robert M. Lightfoot Jr., Robin Henderson, Rocco Petrone, Rocket, Rocketdyne, Rocketdyne F-1, Rocketdyne H-1, Rocketdyne J-2, Saturn (rocket family), Saturn I, Saturn IB, Saturn V, Saturn V dynamic test stand, Saturn V instrument unit, Saverio "Sonny" Morea, Scout (rocket family), Shaw Prize, Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, Skylab, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Solar System, Solid rocket booster, Soyuz (spacecraft), Space capsule, Space Launch System, Space Shuttle, Space Shuttle Challenger, Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, Space Shuttle Columbia, Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, Space Shuttle external tank, Space Shuttle orbiter, Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster, Space Shuttle thermal protection system, Spacecraft propulsion, Spacelab, Spherical aberration, Sputnik 1, Sputnik 2, Stennis Space Center, STS-1, STS-2, STS-26, STS-3, STS-35, STS-4, STS-45, STS-5, STS-50, STS-51-L, STS-73, STS-9, Sub-orbital spaceflight, T. Jack Lee, U.S. Space & Rocket Center, Ultraviolet, United States Army Ordnance Corps, United States Census Bureau, United States Naval Research Laboratory, United States Secretary of the Army, University of Alabama in Huntsville, University of Chicago, US Orbital Segment, V-2 rocket, Vanguard (rocket), WAC Corporal, Walter Haeussermann, Weightlessness, Wernher von Braun, White Sands Missile Range, William Mrazek, William R. Lucas, World War II, X-ray astronomy, Zarya (space capsule).