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Martti Ahtisaari

Index Martti Ahtisaari

Martti Ahtisaari (officially Martti Oiva Kalevi Ahtisaari; born 23 June 1937) is a Finnish politician, the tenth President of Finland (1994–2000), a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, and a United Nations diplomat and mediator noted for his international peace work. [1]

192 relations: Aceh, Aftenposten, AIESEC, Al Gore, Alexander Stubb, Algeria, Angola, Barack Obama, Bashar al-Assad, Bernt Carlsson, Bill Clinton, Božidar Đelić, Boris Yeltsin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Captain (armed forces), Central Asia, Centre Party (Finland), Churches Together in Britain and Ireland, Citizenship, Civil Cooperation Bureau, Conflict Archive on the Internet, Constitution of Finland, Continuation War, Crisis Management Initiative, Cyril Ramaphosa, Delta Prize for Global Understanding, Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations, Desmond Tutu, Deutsche Welle, Diplomat, East Timor, Electoral college, Elisabeth Rehn, Enlargement of NATO, Erkki Tuomioja, Esko Aho, European Council on Foreign Relations, European Union, European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo, Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize, Finland, Finlandization, Finnish Army, Finnish markka, Finnish presidential election, 2000, Free Aceh Movement, Fulbright Association, Geir Lundestad, Genealogy, Geuzenpenning, ..., Glenys Kinnock, Baroness Kinnock of Holyhead, Gro Harlem Brundtland, Headquarters of the United Nations, Helsingin Sanomat, Helsinki, Helsinki University of Technology, Honorary degree, Horn of Africa, Ibrahim Prize, ImagineNations Group, Independent International Commission on Decommissioning, Indonesia, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Interpeace, Iraq, Jimmy Carter, Kapten, Karachi, Keijo Korhonen, Kofi Annan, Korean Peninsula, Kosovo, Kosovo War, Kuopio, Kuopio Lyceum High School, Lakhdar Brahimi, Lappeenranta, Legion of Honour, List of peace activists, List of presidents of Finland, Liu Xiaobo, Louis Pienaar, Lyseo Upper Secondary School, Margaret Thatcher, Mark Lyall Grant, Marko Ahtisaari, Mary Robinson, Matti Vanhanen, Mauno Koivisto, Mediation, Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Finland), Mo Ibrahim Foundation, Mohamed 2.0, Namibia, National Coalition Party, National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Nobel Peace Prize, Non-commissioned officer, Non-governmental organization, Northern Ireland, Northern Ireland peace process, Norwegian Nobel Committee, NRK, Oliver Tambo, Order of Australia, Order of Good Hope, Order of Isabella the Catholic, Order of Leopold (Belgium), Order of May, Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary, Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, Order of St. Olav, Order of the Aztec Eagle, Order of the Bath, Order of the Cross of Liberty, Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, Order of the Crown of the Realm, Order of the Dannebrog, Order of the Elephant, Order of the Falcon, Order of the Lion of Finland, Order of the Netherlands Lion, Order of the Redeemer, Order of the Southern Cross, Order of the Star of Romania, Order of the State of Republic of Turkey, Order of the Three Stars, Order of the White Eagle (Poland), Order of the White Rose of Finland, Order of Vytautas the Great, Oslo City Hall, Oulu, Paavo Lipponen, Pan Am Flight 103, Parliament, Physical education, Political status of Kosovo, Politician, President of Finland, Presidential election, Provisional Irish Republican Army, Rainforest, Recession, Referendum, Royal Order of the Seraphim, Russia, Secretary-General of the United Nations, Seppo Pietinen, Serbia, Slobodan Milošević, Social Democratic Party of Finland, Society, South Africa, South African Defence Force, South Sudan, Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Suomen Kuvalehti, SWAPO, Swedish People's Party of Finland, Syrian Civil War, Tanzania, Tarja Halonen, Tessa Blackstone, Baroness Blackstone, The American-Scandinavian Foundation, The Elders (organization), The New York Times, Tistedalen, Tripartite Accord (Angola), Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa), Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations, UNESCO, United Nations, United Nations Commissioner for Namibia, United Nations Security Council, United Nations Transition Assistance Group, United States Department of State, Universal Esperanto Association, University College London, University of Calgary, University of Oulu, University of St. Gallen, Veikko Hursti, Vienna, Viktor Chernomyrdin, Vitaly Churkin, Vyborg, Yle, YMCA, Yugoslavia, 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence, 2008 Nobel Peace Prize. Expand index (142 more) »

Aceh

Aceh; (Acehnese: Acèh; Jawoë:; Dutch: Atjeh or Aceh) is a province of Indonesia.

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Aftenposten

Aftenposten (Norwegian for "The Evening Post") is Norway's largest printed newspaper by circulation.

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AIESEC

AIESEC is the world's largest non-profit youth-run organization.

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Al Gore

Albert Arnold Gore Jr. (born March 31, 1948) is an American politician and environmentalist who served as the 45th Vice President of the United States from 1993 to 2001.

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Alexander Stubb

Cai-Göran Alexander Stubb (born 1 April 1968) is a Finnish politician who served as the Prime Minister of Finland from 2014 to 2015.

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Algeria

Algeria (الجزائر, familary Algerian Arabic الدزاير; ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ; Dzayer; Algérie), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast.

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Angola

Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola; Kikongo, Kimbundu and Repubilika ya Ngola), is a country in Southern Africa.

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Barack Obama

Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009, to January 20, 2017.

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Bashar al-Assad

Bashar Hafez al-Assad (بشار حافظ الأسد, Levantine pronunciation:;; born 11 September 1965) is a Syrian politician who has been the 19th and current President of Syria since 17 July 2000.

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Bernt Carlsson

Bernt Wilmar Carlsson (21 November 1938 – 21 December 1988) was a Swedish social democrat and diplomat who served as Assistant-Secretary-General of the United Nations and United Nations Commissioner for Namibia from July 1987 until he died on Pan Am Flight 103, which was blown up over Lockerbie, Scotland on 21 December 1988.

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Bill Clinton

William Jefferson Clinton (born August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001.

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Božidar Đelić

Božidar Đelić (Божидар Ђелић,; born 1 April 1965) is a Serbian economist and politician.

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Boris Yeltsin

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (p; 1 February 1931 – 23 April 2007) was a Soviet and Russian politician and the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999.

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Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina (or; abbreviated B&H; Bosnian and Serbian: Bosna i Hercegovina (BiH) / Боснa и Херцеговина (БиХ), Croatian: Bosna i Hercegovina (BiH)), sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina, and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeastern Europe located on the Balkan Peninsula.

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Captain (armed forces)

The army rank of captain (from the French capitaine) is a commissioned officer rank historically corresponding to the command of a company of soldiers.

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Central Asia

Central Asia stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north.

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Centre Party (Finland)

The Centre Party of Finland (Suomen Keskusta, Kesk; Centern i Finland) is a centrist, liberal, and agrarian political party in Finland.

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Churches Together in Britain and Ireland

Churches Together in Britain and Ireland (CTBI) is an ecumenical organisation.

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Citizenship

Citizenship is the status of a person recognized under the custom or law as being a legal member of a sovereign state or belonging to a nation.

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Civil Cooperation Bureau

The South African Civil Cooperation Bureau (CCB) was a government-sponsored death squad during the apartheid era that operated under the authority of Defence Minister General Magnus Malan.

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Conflict Archive on the Internet

CAIN (Conflict Archive on the Internet) is a database containing information about Conflict and Politics in Northern Ireland from 1968 to the present.

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Constitution of Finland

The Constitution of Finland (Suomen perustuslaki or Finlands grundlag) is the supreme source of national law of Finland.

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Continuation War

The Continuation War was a conflict fought by Finland and Nazi Germany, as co-belligerents, against the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1941 to 1944, during World War II.

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Crisis Management Initiative

Crisis Management Initiative (CMI) is an independent Finnish non-governmental organisation that works to prevent and resolve conflict through informal dialogue and mediation.

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Cyril Ramaphosa

Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa (born 17 November 1952) is a South African politician and, since 15 February 2018, the fifth and current President of South Africa.

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Delta Prize for Global Understanding

The Delta Prize for Global Understanding, presented annually by Delta Air Lines and the University of Georgia, recognizes individuals or groups whose initiatives have helped promote world peace as well as globally significant efforts that provide opportunities for greater understanding among nations and cultures.

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Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations

The Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations is the deputy to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

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Desmond Tutu

Desmond Mpilo Tutu (born 7 October 1931) is a South African Anglican cleric and theologian known for his work as an anti-apartheid and human rights activist.

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Deutsche Welle

Deutsche Welle ("German wave" in German) or DW is Germany's public international broadcaster.

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Diplomat

A diplomat is a person appointed by a state to conduct diplomacy with one or more other states or international organizations.

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East Timor

East Timor or Timor-Leste (Tetum: Timór Lorosa'e), officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (República Democrática de Timor-Leste, Repúblika Demokrátika Timór-Leste), is a sovereign state in Maritime Southeast Asia.

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Electoral college

An electoral college is a set of electors who are selected to elect a candidate to a particular office.

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Elisabeth Rehn

Märta Elisabeth Rehn (née Carlberg) (born 6 April 1935) is a former MP of the Swedish People's Party and the first female minister of defence in Finland and in Europe.

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Enlargement of NATO

Enlargement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is the process of including new member states in NATO.

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Erkki Tuomioja

Erkki Sakari Tuomioja (born 1 July 1946) is a Finnish politician and a member of the Finnish Parliament.

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Esko Aho

Esko Tapani Aho (born 20 May 1954) is a Finnish politician who was Prime Minister of Finland from 1991 to 1995.

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European Council on Foreign Relations

The European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR) is a pan-European think tank with offices in seven European capitals.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo

The European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo (EULEX Kosovo) is a deployment of European Union (EU) police and civilian resources to Kosovo.

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Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize

The Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize was established in 1990 by UNESCO: The prize bears the name of Félix Houphouët-Boigny, the late former dictator of Côte d'Ivoire, who served from independence in 1960 until his death in 1993.

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Finland

Finland (Suomi; Finland), officially the Republic of Finland is a country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Norway to the north, Sweden to the northwest, and Russia to the east.

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Finlandization

Finlandization (suomettuminen; finlandisering; Finnlandisierung) is the process by which one powerful country makes a smaller neighboring country abide by the former's foreign policy rules, while allowing it to keep its nominal independence and its own political system.

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Finnish Army

The Finnish Army (Finnish: Maavoimat, Swedish: Armén) is the land forces branch of the Finnish Defence Forces.

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Finnish markka

The Finnish markka (Suomen markka, abbreviated mk, finsk mark, currency code: FIM) was the currency of Finland from 1860 until 28 February 2002, when it ceased to be legal tender.

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Finnish presidential election, 2000

Presidential elections were held in Finland on 16 January 2000, with a second round on 6 February.

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Free Aceh Movement

The Free Aceh Movement (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka or simply GAM, Geurakan Acèh Meurdèka, also: Gěrakan Aceh Měrdeka) was a separatist group seeking independence for the Aceh region of Sumatra from Indonesia.

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Fulbright Association

Established on February 27, 1977, the Fulbright Association is a private, nonprofit organization whose members are Fulbright Program alumni and friends of international education.

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Geir Lundestad

Geir Lundestad (born January 17, 1945) is a Norwegian historian, who until 2014 served as the director of the Norwegian Nobel Institute when Olav Njølstad took over.

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Genealogy

Genealogy (from γενεαλογία from γενεά, "generation" and λόγος, "knowledge"), also known as family history, is the study of families and the tracing of their lineages and history.

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Geuzenpenning

The Geuzenpenning ('Beggar Medal') is a Dutch award given to persons or organizations who have fought for democracy and against dictatorship, racism and discrimination.

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Glenys Kinnock, Baroness Kinnock of Holyhead

Glenys Elizabeth Kinnock, Baroness Kinnock of Holyhead (née Parry; born 7 July 1944) is a British politician and former teacher.

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Gro Harlem Brundtland

Gro Harlem Brundtland (born Gro Harlem, 20 April 1939) is a Norwegian politician, who served three terms as Prime Minister of Norway (1981, 1986–89, and 1990–96) and as Director-General of the World Health Organization from 1998 to 2003.

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Headquarters of the United Nations

The United Nations is headquartered in New York City, in a complex designed by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer and built by the architectural firm Harrison & Abramovitz.

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Helsingin Sanomat

Helsingin Sanomat, abbreviated HS and colloquially known as Hesari, is the largest subscription newspaper in Finland and the Nordic countries, owned by Sanoma.

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Helsinki

Helsinki (or;; Helsingfors) is the capital city and most populous municipality of Finland.

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Helsinki University of Technology

The Helsinki University of Technology (TKK; Teknillinen korkeakoulu; Tekniska högskolan) was a technical university in Finland.

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Honorary degree

An honorary degree, in Latin a degree honoris causa ("for the sake of the honor") or ad honorem ("to the honor"), is an academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding institution) has waived the usual requirements, such as matriculation, residence, a dissertation and the passing of comprehensive examinations.

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Horn of Africa

The Horn of Africa is a peninsula in East Africa that juts into the Guardafui Channel, lying along the southern side of the Gulf of Aden and the southwest Red Sea.

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Ibrahim Prize

The Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership is an annual prize awarded to a former African executive Head of State or Government.

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ImagineNations Group

ImagineNations Group is a global social enterprise focused on inspiring and developing practical strategies that change the odds for people where they work, live and learn.

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Independent International Commission on Decommissioning

The Independent International Commission on Decommissioning (IICD) was established to oversee the decommissioning of paramilitary weapons in Northern Ireland, as part of the peace process.

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Indonesia

Indonesia (or; Indonesian), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia), is a transcontinental unitary sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.

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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific and intergovernmental body under the auspices of the United Nations, set up at the request of member governments, dedicated to the task of providing the world with an objective, scientific view of climate change and its political and economic impacts.

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Interpeace

Interpeace is an international peacebuilding organization, that supports locally led peacebuilding initiatives in more than 21 countries in Central America, Africa, Europe, the Middle East and Asia.

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Iraq

Iraq (or; العراق; عێراق), officially known as the Republic of Iraq (جُمُهورية العِراق; کۆماری عێراق), is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west.

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Jimmy Carter

James Earl Carter Jr. (born October 1, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981.

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Kapten

Kapten (Kapteeni in Finnish) (From the Latin word capitaneus meaning head man or chief) is a professional and conscripted military rank in Sweden obtained by employed military personnel after one year as löjtnannt and completing a 40-week course (Note. It is no longer possible for conscripts to obtain the rank); Finland and Estonia, immediately above Löjtnant in Sweden and Yliluutnantti in Finland and just below Major in the Army ranks.

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Karachi

Karachi (کراچی; ALA-LC:,; ڪراچي) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Sindh.

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Keijo Korhonen

Keijo Tero Korhonen (born 23 February 1934 in Paltamo) is a Finnish politician, ambassador and professor.

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Kofi Annan

Kofi Atta Annan (born 8 April 1938) is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006.

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Korean Peninsula

The Korean Peninsula is a peninsula of Eurasia located in East Asia.

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Kosovo

Kosovo (Kosova or Kosovë; Косово) is a partially recognised state and disputed territory in Southeastern Europe that declared independence from Serbia in February 2008 as the Republic of Kosovo (Republika e Kosovës; Република Косово / Republika Kosovo).

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Kosovo War

No description.

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Kuopio

Kuopio is a city and municipality located in Northern Savonia, Finland.

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Kuopio Lyceum High School

Kuopio Lyceum High School is an upper secondary school (lukio) for students aged 15–19.

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Lakhdar Brahimi

Lakhdar Brahimi (Algerian pronunciation:; الأخضر الإبراهيمي;; born 1 January 1934) is an Algerian United Nations diplomat who served as the United Nations and Arab League Special Envoy to Syria until 14 May 2014.

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Lappeenranta

Lappeenranta (Villmanstrand) is a city and municipality situated on the shore of the lake Saimaa in southeastern Finland, about from the Russian border.

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Legion of Honour

The Legion of Honour, with its full name National Order of the Legion of Honour (Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), is the highest French order of merit for military and civil merits, established in 1802 by Napoléon Bonaparte and retained by all the divergent governments and regimes later holding power in France, up to the present.

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List of peace activists

This list of peace activists includes people who have proactively advocated diplomatic, philosophical, and non-military resolution of major territorial or ideological disputes through nonviolent means and methods.

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List of presidents of Finland

The President of Finland is Finland's head of state.

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Liu Xiaobo

Liu Xiaobo (刘晓波, 28 December 1955 – 13 July 2017) was a Chinese writer, literary critic, human rights activist, philosopher and Nobel Peace Prize laureate who called for political reforms and was involved in campaigns to end communist one-party rule in China.

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Louis Pienaar

Louis Alexander Pienaar (23 June 1926 – 5 November 2012) was a South African lawyer and diplomat.

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Lyseo Upper Secondary School

Oulun Lyseon Lukio (Oulu Lyseo Upper Secondary School) is a Finnish upper secondary school in the city of Oulu in northern Finland.

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Margaret Thatcher

Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, (13 October 19258 April 2013) was a British stateswoman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990.

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Mark Lyall Grant

Sir Mark Justin Lyall Grant, (born 29 May 1956) is a former senior British diplomat who was previously the United Kingdom's National Security Adviser and Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the United Nations.

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Marko Ahtisaari

Marko Ahtisaari (born 1969 in Helsinki, Finland) is a Finnish technology entrepreneur and musician.

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Mary Robinson

Mary Therese Winifred Robinson (née Bourke; Máire Bean Mhic Róibín; born 21 May 1944) is an Irish Independent politician who served as the 7th President of Ireland, she was the first female to hold this office.

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Matti Vanhanen

Matti Taneli Vanhanen (born 4 November 1955) is a Finnish politician who was Prime Minister of Finland from 2003 to 2010.

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Mauno Koivisto

Mauno Henrik Koivisto (25 November 1923 – 12 May 2017) was a Finnish politician who served as the ninth President of Finland from 1982 to 1994.

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Mediation

Mediation is a dynamic, structured, interactive process where a neutral third party assists disputing parties in resolving conflict through the use of specialized communication and negotiation techniques.

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Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Finland)

The Ministry for Foreign Affairs (MFA) is a ministry in the Finnish Government and is responsible for preparing and implementing the government's foreign policy.

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Mo Ibrahim Foundation

The Mo Ibrahim Foundation was established in 2006 with a focus on the critical importance of leadership and governance in Africa.

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Mohamed 2.0

Mohamed 2.0: Disruption Manifesto is the authorized biography of Mohamed El-Fatatry.

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Namibia

Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia (German:; Republiek van Namibië), is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean.

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National Coalition Party

The National Coalition Party (NCP; Kansallinen Kokoomus; Kok.; Samlingspartiet; Saml.) is a centre-right political party in Finland considered to be liberal, and conservative, and liberal-conservative.

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National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy

National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy (NaUKMA) (Національний університет «Києво-Могилянська академія» (НаУКМА), Natsional'nyi universytet "Kyyevo-Mohylians'ka akademiya") is a national, coeducational research university located in Kiev, Ukraine.

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Nobel Peace Prize

The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish, Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes created by the Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature.

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Non-commissioned officer

A non-commissioned officer (NCO) is a military officer who has not earned a commission.

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Non-governmental organization

Non-governmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations, or nongovernment organizations, commonly referred to as NGOs, are usually non-profit and sometimes international organizations independent of governments and international governmental organizations (though often funded by governments) that are active in humanitarian, educational, health care, public policy, social, human rights, environmental, and other areas to effect changes according to their objectives.

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Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann; Ulster-Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland, variously described as a country, province or region.

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Northern Ireland peace process

The Northern Ireland peace process is often considered to cover the events leading up to the 1994 Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) ceasefire, the end of most of the violence of the Troubles, the Good Friday (or Belfast) Agreement of 1998, and subsequent political developments.

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Norwegian Nobel Committee

The Norwegian Nobel Committee (Den norske Nobelkomité) selects the recipients of the Nobel Peace Prize each year on behalf of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel's estate, based on instructions of Nobel's will.

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NRK

NRK (an abbreviation of the Norwegian: Norsk rikskringkasting AS, generally expressed in English as the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation) is the Norwegian government-owned radio and television public broadcasting company, and the largest media organisation in Norway.

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Oliver Tambo

Oliver Reginald Kaizana Tambo (27 October 191724 April 1993) was a South African anti-apartheid politician and revolutionary who served as President of the African National Congress (ANC) from 1967 to 1991.

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Order of Australia

The Order of Australia is an order of chivalry established on 14 February 1975 by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia, to recognise Australian citizens and other persons for achievement or meritorious service.

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Order of Good Hope

The Order of Good Hope or Order of the Cape of Good Hope has been a knighthood order of the Republic of South Africa.

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Order of Isabella the Catholic

The Order of Isabella the Catholic (Orden de Isabel la Católica) is a Spanish civil order in which membership is granted in recognition of services that benefit the country.

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Order of Leopold (Belgium)

The Order of Leopold (Leopoldsorde, Ordre de Léopold) is one of the three current Belgian national honorary orders of knighthood.

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Order of May

The Order of May is one of the highest decorations in Argentina.

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Order of Merit of the Italian Republic

The Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (Ordine al merito della Repubblica Italiana) was founded as the senior order of knighthood by the second President of the Italian Republic, Luigi Einaudi in 1951.

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Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary

The Hungarian Order of Merit (Magyar Érdemrend) is the second highest State Order of Hungary.

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Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise

The Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise (Орден князя Ярослава Мудрого) is an award of Ukraine.

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Order of St. Olav

The Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav (Den Kongelige Norske Sankt Olavs Orden; or Sanct Olafs Orden, the old Norwegian name) is a Norwegian order of chivalry instituted by King Oscar I on August 21, 1847.

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Order of the Aztec Eagle

The Order of the Aztec Eagle (Orden Mexicana del Águila Azteca) forms part of the Mexican Honours System and is the highest Mexican order awarded to foreigners in the country.

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Order of the Bath

The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly the Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath) is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on 18 May 1725.

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Order of the Cross of Liberty

The Order of the Cross of Liberty (Vapaudenristin ritarikunta; Frihetskorsets orden) is one of three official orders in Finland, along with the Order of the White Rose of Finland and the Order of the Lion of Finland.

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Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana

The Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (Maarjamaa Risti teenetemärk, sometimes translated as the Order of the Cross of St. Mary’s Land) was instituted by the President of Estonia, Lennart Meri, in 1995 to honour the independence of the Estonian state.

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Order of the Crown of the Realm

The Most Exalted Order of the Crown of the Realm (Darjah Utama Seri Mahkota Negara) is a Malaysian Federal Award.

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Order of the Dannebrog

The Order of the Dannebrog (Dannebrogordenen) is a Danish order of chivalry instituted in 1671 by Christian V.

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Order of the Elephant

The Order of the Elephant (Elefantordenen) is a Danish order of chivalry and is Denmark's highest-ranked honour.

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Order of the Falcon

The Order of the Falcon (Hin íslenska fálkaorða) is a national Order of Iceland, established on July 3, 1921 by King Christian X of Denmark and Iceland.

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Order of the Lion of Finland

The Order of the Lion of Finland (Suomen Leijonan ritarikunta; Finlands Lejons orden) is one of three official orders in Finland, along with the Order of the Cross of Liberty and the Order of the White Rose of Finland.

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Order of the Netherlands Lion

The Order of the Netherlands Lion, also referred to as the Order of the Lion of the Netherlands (De Orde van de Nederlandse Leeuw, L'Ordre du Lion Néerlandais) is a Dutch order of chivalry founded by King William I of the Netherlands on 29 September 1815.

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Order of the Redeemer

The Order of the Redeemer (translit), also known as the Order of the Saviour, is an order of merit of Greece.

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Order of the Southern Cross

The National Order of the Southern Cross (Ordem Nacional do Cruzeiro do Sul) is a Brazilian order of chivalry founded by Emperor Pedro I on 1 December 1822.

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Order of the Star of Romania

The Order of the Star of Romania (Romanian: Ordinul Steaua României) is Romania's highest civil Order and second highest State decoration after the defunct Order of Michael the Brave.

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Order of the State of Republic of Turkey

The Order of the State of Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Nişanı) is the highest state order awarded to foreign nationals by the President of the Republic of Turkey.

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Order of the Three Stars

Order of the Three Stars (Triju Zvaigžņu ordenis) is an order awarded for meritorious service to Latvia.

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Order of the White Eagle (Poland)

The Order of the White Eagle (Order Orła Białego) is Poland's highest order awarded to both civilians and the military for their merits.

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Order of the White Rose of Finland

The Order of the White Rose of Finland (Suomen Valkoisen Ruusun ritarikunta; Finlands Vita Ros’ orden) is one of three official orders in Finland, along with the Order of the Cross of Liberty, and the Order of the Lion of Finland.

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Order of Vytautas the Great

The Order of Vytautas the Great is the Lithuanian Presidential Award.

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Oslo City Hall

Oslo City Hall (Oslo rådhus) is a municipal building in Oslo, the capital of Norway.

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Oulu

Oulu (Uleåborg) is a city and municipality of inhabitants in the region of Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland.

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Paavo Lipponen

Paavo Tapio Lipponen (born 23 April 1941) is a Finnish politician and former reporter.

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Pan Am Flight 103

Pan Am Flight 103 was a regularly scheduled Pan Am transatlantic flight from Frankfurt to Detroit via London and New York.

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Parliament

In modern politics and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government.

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Physical education

Physical education, also known as Phys Ed., PE, gym, or gym class, and known in many Commonwealth countries as physical training or PT, is an educational course related of maintaining the human body through physical exercises (i.e. calisthenics).

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Political status of Kosovo

The political status of Kosovo, also known as the Kosovo question (Косовско питање/Kosovsko pitanje) is the subject of a long-running political and territorial dispute between the Serbian (and previously, Yugoslav) government and the Albanian leadership in the Assembly of Kosovo, stemming from the breakup of Yugoslavia at the end of the 20th century, and the ensuing Kosovo War (1998–99).

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Politician

A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking office in government.

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President of Finland

The President of the Republic of Finland (Suomen tasavallan presidentti, Republiken Finlands president) is the head of state of Finland.

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Presidential election

A presidential election is the election of any head of state whose official title is President.

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Provisional Irish Republican Army

The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA or Provisional IRA) was an Irish republican revolutionary organisation that sought to end British rule in Northern Ireland, facilitate the reunification of Ireland and bring about an independent socialist republic encompassing all of Ireland.

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Rainforest

Rainforests are forests characterized by high rainfall, with annual rainfall in the case of tropical rainforests between, and definitions varying by region for temperate rainforests.

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Recession

In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction which results in a general slowdown in economic activity.

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Referendum

A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is invited to vote on a particular proposal.

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Royal Order of the Seraphim

The Royal Order of the Seraphim (Swedish: Kungliga Serafimerorden; Seraphim being a category of Angels) is a Swedish order of chivalry created by King Frederick I on 23 February 1748, together with the Order of the Sword and the Order of the Polar Star.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Secretary-General of the United Nations

The Secretary-General of the United Nations (UNSG or just SG) is the head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the six principal organs of the United Nations.

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Seppo Pietinen

Seppo Taito Pietinen (23 October 1925 Viipuri – 5 June 1990 Helsinki) was a Finnish diplomat and lawyer with title of Master in Law.

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Serbia

Serbia (Србија / Srbija),Pannonian Rusyn: Сербия; Szerbia; Albanian and Romanian: Serbia; Slovak and Czech: Srbsko,; Сърбия.

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Slobodan Milošević

Slobodan Milošević (Слободан Милошевић; 20 August 1941 – 11 March 2006) was a Yugoslav and Serbian politician and the President of Serbia (originally the Socialist Republic of Serbia, a constituent republic within the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) from 1989 to 1997 and President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1997 to 2000.

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Social Democratic Party of Finland

The Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP, Suomen sosialidemokraattinen puolue, Finlands socialdemokratiska parti), shortened to the Social Democrats, is a social-democratic political party in Finland.

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Society

A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.

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South Africa

South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.

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South African Defence Force

The South African Defence Force (SADF) comprised the South African armed forces from 1957 until 1994.

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South Sudan

South Sudan, officially known as the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in East-Central Africa.

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Special Representative of the Secretary-General

A Special Representative of the Secretary-General is a highly respected expert who has been appointed by the Secretary-General of the United Nations to represent her/him in meetings with heads of state on critical human rights issues.

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Suomen Kuvalehti

Suomen Kuvalehti (lit. "Finland's picture magazine", or "The Finnish picture magazine") is a weekly Finnish language family and news magazine published in Helsinki, Finland.

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SWAPO

SWAPO, formerly the South West African People's Organisation (Südwestafrikanische Volksorganisation, SWAVO; Suidwes-Afrikaanse Volk-Organisasie, SWAVO) and officially known as SWAPO Party of Namibia, is a political party and former independence movement in Namibia.

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Swedish People's Party of Finland

The Swedish People's Party of Finland (Svenska folkpartiet i Finland (SFP); Suomen ruotsalainen kansanpuolue (RKP)) is a liberal-centrist political party in Finland aiming to represent the interests of the minority Swedish-speaking population of Finland.

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Syrian Civil War

The Syrian Civil War (الحرب الأهلية السورية, Al-ḥarb al-ʼahliyyah as-sūriyyah) is an ongoing multi-sided armed conflict in Syria fought primarily between the Ba'athist Syrian Arab Republic led by President Bashar al-Assad, along with its allies, and various forces opposing both the government and each other in varying combinations.

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Tanzania

Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a sovereign state in eastern Africa within the African Great Lakes region.

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Tarja Halonen

Tarja Kaarina Halonen (born 24 December 1943) is a Finnish politician who served as the 11th President of Finland, and the first woman to hold the position, from 2000 to 2012.

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Tessa Blackstone, Baroness Blackstone

Tessa Ann Vosper Blackstone, Baroness Blackstone, PC (born 1942) is an English politician and university administrator.

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The American-Scandinavian Foundation

The American-Scandinavian Foundation (ASF), is an American non-profit foundation dedicated to promoting international understanding through educational and cultural exchange between the United States and Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden.

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The Elders (organization)

The Elders is an international non-governmental organisation of public figures noted as elder statesmen, peace activists, and human rights advocates, who were brought together by Nelson Mandela in 2007.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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Tistedalen

Tistedalen is a part of Halden in Østfold, Norway.

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Tripartite Accord (Angola)

The Agreement among the People's Republic of Angola, the Republic of Cuba, and the Republic of South Africa (also known as the Tripartite Accord, Three Powers Accord or New York Accords) granted independence to Namibia from South Africa and ended the direct involvement of foreign troops in the Angolan Civil War.

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Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was a court-like restorative justice body assembled in South Africa after the end of apartheid.

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Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations

An Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations (USG) is a senior official within the United Nations System, normally appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Secretary-General for a renewable term of four years.

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UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris.

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United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.

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United Nations Commissioner for Namibia

United Nations Commissioner for South West Africa was a post created by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in 1966 to assert the UN's direct responsibility for South West Africa which was then under illegal occupation by apartheid South Africa.

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United Nations Security Council

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, charged with the maintenance of international peace and security as well as accepting new members to the United Nations and approving any changes to its United Nations Charter.

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United Nations Transition Assistance Group

The United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG) was a United Nations (UN) peacekeeping force deployed from April 1989 to March 1990 in Namibia to monitor the peace process and elections there.

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United States Department of State

The United States Department of State (DOS), often referred to as the State Department, is the United States federal executive department that advises the President and represents the country in international affairs and foreign policy issues.

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Universal Esperanto Association

The Universal Esperanto Association (Universala Esperanto-Asocio, UEA), also known as the World Esperanto Association, is the largest international organization of Esperanto speakers, with 5501 individual members in 121 countries and 9215 through national associations (in 2015) and in official relations with the United Nations.

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University College London

University College London (UCL) is a public research university in London, England, and a constituent college of the federal University of London.

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University of Calgary

The University of Calgary (U of C or UCalgary) is a public research university located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

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University of Oulu

The University of Oulu (Oulun yliopisto) is one of the largest universities in Finland, located in the city of Oulu.

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University of St. Gallen

The University of St.

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Veikko Hursti

Veikko Stefanus Hursti (25 November 1924 – 10 May 2005) was a Finnish philanthropist.

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Vienna

Vienna (Wien) is the federal capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria.

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Viktor Chernomyrdin

Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin (Ви́ктор Степа́нович Черномы́рдин,; 9 April 19383 November 2010) was a Russian politician.

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Vitaly Churkin

Vitaly Ivanovich Churkin (p; 21 February 1952 – 20 February 2017) was a Russian diplomat and former child actor.

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Vyborg

Vyborg (p; Viipuri,; Viborg; Wiborg; Viiburi) is a town in, and the administrative center of, Vyborgsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia.

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Yle

Yleisradio Oy (Finnish), also known as Rundradion (Swedish) or the Finnish Broadcasting Company (English), abbreviated to Yle (pronounced /yle/; previously stylised as YLE before the 2012 corporate rebrand), is Finland's national public broadcasting company, founded in 1926.

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YMCA

The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), often simply called the Y, is a worldwide organization based in Geneva, Switzerland, with more than 58 million beneficiaries from 125 national associations.

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Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija/Југославија; Jugoslavija; Југославија; Pannonian Rusyn: Югославия, transcr. Juhoslavija)Jugosllavia; Jugoszlávia; Juhoslávia; Iugoslavia; Jugoslávie; Iugoslavia; Yugoslavya; Югославия, transcr. Jugoslavija.

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2008 Kosovo declaration of independence

The 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence was adopted on 17 February 2008 by the Assembly of Kosovo.

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2008 Nobel Peace Prize

The 2008 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to President of Finland (1994–2000) Martti Ahtisaari "for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts".

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Redirects here:

Ahtisaari, Ahtisaari, Martti, Mahtisaari, Marti Ahtisaari, Martii Ahtisaari, Martti Oiva Kalevi Ahtisaari.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martti_Ahtisaari

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