Table of Contents
91 relations: Abu Kamal, Achaemenid Assyria, Ain Sifni, Akkadian language, Akre, Anah, Anatolian Arabic, Arabian Peninsula, Arabic alphabet, Aramaic, Çermik, Baghdad Jewish Arabic, Baghdadi Arabic, Bahzani, Bashiqa, Bedouin, Bedouin Arabic, Central Semitic languages, Christianity in Iraq, Cilicia, Cizre, Deir ez-Zor, Diyarbakır, Diyarbakır Province, Eastern Aramaic languages, Erbil, Euphrates, Fallujah, Gilit Mesopotamian Arabic, Greek language, Gulf Arabic, Hatran Aramaic, Hellenistic period, History of the Jews in Iraq, Hit, Iraq, Iran, Iraq, Iraqi diaspora, Iraqi Sign Language, Iraqis, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic, Jewish exodus from the Muslim world, Journal of the American Oriental Society, Judeo-Iraqi Arabic, Khanaqin, Khuzestani Arabic, Kirkuk, Kozluk, Kuwait, Lingua franca, ... Expand index (41 more) »
Abu Kamal
Abu Kamal (ʾAbū Kamāl) or Al-Bukamal (al-Būkamāl) is a city on the Euphrates river in the Deir ez-Zor Governorate of eastern Syria near the border with Iraq.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Abu Kamal
Achaemenid Assyria
Athura (𐎠𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎠 Aθurā), also called Assyria, was a geographical area within the Achaemenid Empire in Upper Mesopotamia from 539 to 330 BC as a military protectorate state.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Achaemenid Assyria
Ain Sifni
Ain Sifni (عين سفني) also known as Shekhan (Şêxan), is a town and subdistrict in Nineveh Governorate, Iraq.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Ain Sifni
Akkadian language
Akkadian (translit)John Huehnergard & Christopher Woods, "Akkadian and Eblaite", The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Akkadian language
Akre
Akre (Akrê, عقرة, Aqra') is a city located in Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Akre
Anah
Anah or Ana (ʿĀna, ܐܢܐ), formerly also known as Anna, is an Iraqi town on the Euphrates approximately midway between the Gulf of Alexandretta and the Persian Gulf.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Anah
Anatolian Arabic
Anatolian Arabic encompasses several qeltu varieties of Arabic spoken in the Turkish provinces of Mardin, Siirt, Batman, Diyarbakır, and Muş, a subset of North Mesopotamian Arabic.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Anatolian Arabic
Arabian Peninsula
The Arabian Peninsula (شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَة الْعَرَبِيَّة,, "Arabian Peninsula" or جَزِيرَةُ الْعَرَب,, "Island of the Arabs"), or Arabia, is a peninsula in West Asia, situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian Plate.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Arabian Peninsula
Arabic alphabet
The Arabic alphabet (الْأَبْجَدِيَّة الْعَرَبِيَّة, or الْحُرُوف الْعَرَبِيَّة), or Arabic abjad, is the Arabic script as specifically codified for writing the Arabic language.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Arabic alphabet
Aramaic
Aramaic (ˀərāmiṯ; arāmāˀiṯ) is a Northwest Semitic language that originated in the ancient region of Syria and quickly spread to Mesopotamia, the southern Levant, southeastern Anatolia, Eastern Arabia and the Sinai Peninsula, where it has been continually written and spoken in different varieties for over three thousand years.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Aramaic
Çermik
Çermik (Jermuk; Çermûk) is a municipality and district of Diyarbakır Province, Turkey.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Çermik
Baghdad Jewish Arabic
Baghdad Jewish Arabic (عربية يهودية بغدادية, עַרָבִיָּה יְהוּדִיַּה בַּגדָאדִיַּה) or autonym haki mal yihud (Jewish Speech) or el-haki malna (our speech) is the variety of Arabic spoken by the Jews of Baghdad and other towns of Lower Mesopotamia in Iraq.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Baghdad Jewish Arabic
Baghdadi Arabic
Baghdadi Arabic is the Arabic dialect spoken in Baghdad, the capital of Iraq.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Baghdadi Arabic
Bahzani
Bahzani (translit, بحزاني), literally from the Syriac words meaning "house of treasure," is a town located in the Al-Hamdaniya District of the Ninawa Governorate in northern Iraq.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Bahzani
Bashiqa
Bashiqa (translit; translit; ܒܥܫܝܩܐ) is a town situated at the heart of the Nineveh plain, between Mosul and Sheikhan, on the edges of Mount Maqlub.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Bashiqa
Bedouin
The Bedouin, Beduin, or Bedu (singular) are pastorally nomadic Arab tribes who have historically inhabited the desert regions in the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, the Levant, and Mesopotamia (Iraq).
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Bedouin
Bedouin Arabic
Bedouin Arabic refers to a typological group of Arabic dialects historically linked to Bedouin tribes, that has spread among both nomadic and sedentary groups across the Arab World.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Bedouin Arabic
Central Semitic languages
Central Semitic languages are one of the three groups of West Semitic languages, alongside Modern South Arabian languages and Ethiopian Semitic languages.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Central Semitic languages
Christianity in Iraq
The Christians of Iraq are considered to be one of the oldest continuous Christian communities in the world.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Christianity in Iraq
Cilicia
Cilicia is a geographical region in southern Anatolia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Cilicia
Cizre
Cizre is a city in the Cizre District of Şırnak Province in Turkey.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Cizre
Deir ez-Zor
Deir ez-Zor (Dayru z-Zawr / Dayru z-Zūr; Syriac: ܕܝܪܐ ܙܥܘܪܬܐ, Dayrāʾ Zəʿōrtāʾ) is the largest city in eastern Syria and the seventh largest in the country.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Deir ez-Zor
Diyarbakır
Diyarbakır (local pronunciation: Dikranagerd), formerly Diyarbekir, is the largest Kurdish-majority city in Turkey.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Diyarbakır
Diyarbakır Province
Diyarbakır Province (Diyarbakır ili, Zazaki: Suke Diyarbekır Parêzgeha Amedê) is a province and metropolitan municipality in southeastern Turkey.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Diyarbakır Province
Eastern Aramaic languages
Eastern Aramaic refers to a group of dialects that evolved historically from the varieties of Aramaic spoken in the core territories of Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq, southeastern Turkey and parts of northeastern Syria) and further expanded into northern Syria, eastern Arabia and northwestern Iran.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Eastern Aramaic languages
Erbil
Erbil (أربيل,; ܐܲܪܒܹܝܠ), also called Hawler, is the capital and most populated city in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Erbil
Euphrates
The Euphrates (see below) is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Euphrates
Fallujah
Fallujah (ٱلْفَلُّوجَة) is a city in Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Fallujah
Gilit Mesopotamian Arabic
Gilit Mesopotamian Arabic, also known as Iraqi Arabic, Mesopotamian Gelet Arabic, or simply Mesopotamian Arabic is one of the two main varieties of Mesopotamian Arabic, together with North Mesopotamian Arabic.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Gilit Mesopotamian Arabic
Greek language
Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Greek language
Gulf Arabic
Gulf Arabic (خليجي local pronunciation: or اللهجة الخليجية, local pronunciation) is a variety of the Arabic language spoken in Eastern Arabia around the coasts of the Persian Gulf in Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, southern Iraq, eastern Saudi Arabia, northern Oman, and by some Iranian Arabs.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Gulf Arabic
Hatran Aramaic
Hatran Aramaic (Aramaic of Hatra, Ashurian or East Mesopotamian) designates a Middle Aramaic dialect, that was used in the region of Hatra and Assur in northeastern parts of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), approximately from the 3rd century BC to the 3rd century CE.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Hatran Aramaic
Hellenistic period
In classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Mediterranean history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC, which was followed by the ascendancy of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the Roman conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year, which eliminated the last major Hellenistic kingdom.
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History of the Jews in Iraq
The history of the Jews in Iraq (יְהוּדִים בָּבְלִים,,; اليهود العراقيون) is documented from the time of the Babylonian captivity.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and History of the Jews in Iraq
Hit, Iraq
Hit or Heet (هيت, Hīt) is an Iraqi city in Al Anbar Governorate.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Hit, Iraq
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Iran
Iraq
Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia and a core country in the geopolitical region known as the Middle East.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Iraq
Iraqi diaspora
The Iraqi diaspora refers to native Iraqis who have left for other countries as emigrants or refugees, and is now one of the largest in modern times, being described by the UN as a "humanitarian crisis" caused by the 1991 Gulf War and 2003 invasion of Iraq and by the ensuing war.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Iraqi diaspora
Iraqi Sign Language
Iraqi Sign Language is the deaf sign language of Iraq.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Iraqi Sign Language
Iraqis
Iraqis (العراقيون) are people who originate from the country of Iraq.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Iraqis
Jewish Babylonian Aramaic
Jewish Babylonian Aramaic (Aramaic: ארמית) was the form of Middle Aramaic employed by writers in Lower Mesopotamia between the fourth and eleventh centuries.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Jewish Babylonian Aramaic
Jewish exodus from the Muslim world
In the 20th century, approximately Jews migrated, fled, or were expelled from Muslim-majority countries throughout Africa and Asia.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Jewish exodus from the Muslim world
Journal of the American Oriental Society
The Journal of the American Oriental Society is a quarterly academic journal published by the American Oriental Society since 1843.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Journal of the American Oriental Society
Judeo-Iraqi Arabic
Judeo-Iraqi Arabic (translit), also known as Iraqi Judeo-Arabic and Yahudic, is a variety of Arabic spoken by Iraqi Jews.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Judeo-Iraqi Arabic
Khanaqin
Khanaqin (خانقين; translit) is the central city of Khanaqin District in Diyala Governorate, Iraq, near the Iranian border (8 km) on the Alwand tributary of the Diyala River.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Khanaqin
Khuzestani Arabic
Khuzestani Arabic is a dialect of South Mesopotamian Arabic (SMA or "Gələt Arabic") spoken by the Iranian Arabs in Khuzestan Province of Iran.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Khuzestani Arabic
Kirkuk
Kirkuk (كركوك; translit;; Kerkük) is a city in Iraq, serving as the capital of the Kirkuk Governorate, located north of Baghdad.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Kirkuk
Kozluk
Kozluk (Hezzo, translit) is a town and seat of Kozluk District in Batman Province, Turkey.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Kozluk
Kuwait
Kuwait, officially the State of Kuwait, is a country in West Asia.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Kuwait
Lingua franca
A lingua franca (for plurals see), also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vehicular language, or link language, is a language systematically used to make communication possible between groups of people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both of the speakers' native languages.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Lingua franca
Lower Mesopotamia
Lower Mesopotamia is a historical region of Mesopotamia.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Lower Mesopotamia
Mandaic language
Mandaic, or more specifically Classical Mandaic, is the liturgical language of Mandaeism and a South Eastern Aramaic variety in use by the Mandaean community, traditionally based in southern parts of Iraq and southwest Iran, for their religious books.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Mandaic language
Mardin
Mardin (Mêrdîn; ماردين; Merdīn; Մարդին) is a city and seat of the Artuklu District of Mardin Province in Turkey.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Mardin
Mardin Province
Mardin Province (Mardin ili; Parêzgeha Mêrdîn; محافظة ماردين) is a province and metropolitan municipality in Turkey.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Mardin Province
Marsh Arabs
The Marsh Arabs (عرب الأهوار ʻArab al-Ahwār "Arabs of the Marshlands"), also referred to as Ahwaris, the Maʻdān (معدان "dweller in the plains") or Shroog (label "those from the east")—the latter two often considered derogatory in the present day—are Arab inhabitants of the Mesopotamian marshlands in the modern-day south Iraq, as well as in the Hawizeh Marshes straddling the Iraq-Iran border.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Marsh Arabs
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Mesopotamia
Mesopotamian Marshes
The Mesopotamian Marshes, also known as the Iraqi Marshes, are a wetland area located in Southern Iraq and southwestern Iran as well as partially in northern Kuwait.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Mesopotamian Marshes
Mhallami
The Mhallami, Mahallami, or Mardelli (Al-Mḥallamiye; Mihellemî; Mḥallmāye; Mıhellemi) is an Arabic-speaking tribal ethnic group traditionally living in and around the city of Mardin, Turkey.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Mhallami
Modern Standard Arabic
Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or Modern Written Arabic (MWA) is the variety of standardized, literary Arabic that developed in the Arab world in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and in some usages also the variety of spoken Arabic that approximates this written standard.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic
Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries was the largest contiguous empire in history.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Mongol Empire
Mosul
Mosul (al-Mawṣil,,; translit; Musul; Māwṣil) is a major city in northern Iraq, serving as the capital of Nineveh Governorate.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Mosul
Muş
Muş (Մուշ; script) is a city in eastern Turkey.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Muş
North Mesopotamian Arabic
North Mesopotamian Arabic, also known as Moslawi (meaning 'of Mosul'), Mardelli (meaning 'of Mardin'), Mesopotamian Qeltu Arabic, or Syro-Mesopotamian Arabic, is one of the two main varieties of Mesopotamian Arabic, together with Gilit Mesopotamian Arabic.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and North Mesopotamian Arabic
Nusaybin
Nusaybin is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Nusaybin
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Oxford University Press
Persian language
Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (Fārsī|), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Persian language
Qamishli
Qamishli is a city in northeastern Syria on the Syria–Turkey border, adjoining the city of Nusaybin in Turkey.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Qamishli
Raqqa
Raqqa (ar-Raqqah, also) is a city in Syria on the left bank of the Euphrates River, about east of Aleppo.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Raqqa
Samarra
Samarra (سَامَرَّاء) is a city in Iraq.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Samarra
Sandur, Iraq
Sandur, also spelt Sundur (translit), was a village located in Iraqi Kurdistan, about 70 miles north of Mosul, near Duhok, towards Amediyah.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Sandur, Iraq
Sason
Sason is a town in the Batman Province of Turkey.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Sason
Semitic languages
The Semitic languages are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Semitic languages
Shawi Arabic
Shawi or Šāwi Arabic is the Arabic dialect of the sheep-rearing Bedouins of Syro-Mesopotamia.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Shawi Arabic
Siege of Baghdad
The siege of Baghdad took place in early 1258 at Baghdad, the historic capital of the Abbasid Caliphate.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Siege of Baghdad
Siirt Province
Siirt Province, (Siirt ili, Parêzgeha Sêrtê; Սղերդ զավառ) is a province of Turkey, located in the southeast.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Siirt Province
Siverek
Siverek (from translit, Sêwreg) is a municipality and district of Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Siverek
South Mesopotamian Arabic
South Mesopotamian Arabic (al-lahja l-ʿirāqiyya l-janūbiyya) or Marsh Arabic is a variety of Mesopotamian Arabic spoken by Southern Iraqis in Basra, Maysan, Dhi Qar and Wasit.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and South Mesopotamian Arabic
Stratum (linguistics)
In linguistics, a stratum (Latin for "layer") or strate is a historical layer of language that influences or is influenced by another language through contact.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Stratum (linguistics)
Sumerian language
Sumerian (Also written 𒅴𒄀 eme-gi.ePSD2 entry for emegir.|'native language'|) was the language of ancient Sumer.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Sumerian language
Syria
Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Syria
Syriac language
The Syriac language (Leššānā Suryāyā), also known natively in its spoken form in early Syriac literature as Edessan (Urhāyā), the Mesopotamian language (Nahrāyā) and Aramaic (Aramāyā), is an Eastern Middle Aramaic dialect. Classical Syriac is the academic term used to refer to the dialect's literary usage and standardization, distinguishing it from other Aramaic dialects also known as 'Syriac' or 'Syrian'.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Syriac language
Tigris
The Tigris (see below) is the eastern of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Tigris
Tikrit
Tikrit (تِكْرِيت Tikrīt) is a city in Iraq, located northwest of Baghdad and southeast of Mosul on the Tigris River.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Tikrit
Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Turkey
Turkish language
Turkish (Türkçe, Türk dili also Türkiye Türkçesi 'Turkish of Turkey') is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 90 to 100 million speakers.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Turkish language
Tuz Khurmatu
Tuz Khurmatu (طوزخورماتو, Tuzhurmatu, translit, also spelled as Tuz Khurma and Tuz Khormato) is the central city of Tooz District in Saladin Governorate, Iraq, located south of Kirkuk.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Tuz Khurmatu
Upper Mesopotamia
Upper Mesopotamia constitutes the uplands and great outwash plain of northwestern Iraq, northeastern Syria and southeastern Turkey, in the northern Middle East.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Upper Mesopotamia
Urfa
Urfa, officially called Şanlıurfa, is a city in southeastern Turkey and the capital of Şanlıurfa Province.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Urfa
Varieties of Arabic
Varieties of Arabic (or dialects or vernacular languages) are the linguistic systems that Arabic speakers speak natively.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Varieties of Arabic
West Semitic languages
The West Semitic languages are a proposed major sub-grouping of ancient Semitic languages.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and West Semitic languages
Yazidis
Yazidis, also spelled Yezidis (translit), are a Kurdish-speaking endogamous religious group who are indigenous to Kurdistan, a geographical region in Western Asia that includes parts of Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran.
See Mesopotamian Arabic and Yazidis
References
Also known as Babylonian Arabic, Gelet, Gilit Mesopotamian Arabic language, ISO 639:acm, Iranian Arabic, Iraqi Arabic, Iraqi Arabic language, Iraqi dialect, Mesopotamian Arabic language, Mesopotamian Colloquial Arabic language, Mesopotamian Spoken Arabic language, Persian Arabic.