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140 relations: Active galactic nucleus, Aerobee, Allotropes of oxygen, Angular distance, Angular velocity, Aperture, Apparent magnitude, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomy Letters, Astronomy Reports, Astrophysical jet, Asymptotic giant branch, Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies, BL Lacertae object, Bondi accretion, C (musical note), Cepheid variable, Chandra X-ray Observatory, Charles Messier, Collimated light, Coma Berenices, Comet, Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement, Dark matter, Declination, Denebola, Doubly ionized oxygen, Dust lane, Earth mass, Edwin Hubble, Einstein Observatory, Electronvolt, Ellipsoid, Elliptical galaxy, Epsilon Virginis, Erg, Faint Object Spectrograph, Faster-than-light, Galaxy merger, Galaxy morphological classification, Gamma ray, Gérard de Vaucouleurs, Globular cluster, Heber Doust Curtis, High Energy Astronomy Observatory 1, High Energy Stereoscopic System, Hubble sequence, Hubble Space Telescope, HVGC-1, Infrared, ..., Interstellar medium, John Herschel, John Louis Emil Dreyer, Joule, Lenticular galaxy, Lick Observatory, Light-year, Linear polarization, List of most massive black holes, Local Group, Low-ionization nuclear emission-line region, Luminosity, Magnetic field, Main sequence, Messier 49, Messier 84, Messier 86, Messier object, Metallicity, Milky Way, Minute and second of arc, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Mount Wilson Observatory, Nature (journal), Nebula, New General Catalogue, NGC 4478, Octave, Optical resolution, Otto Struve, Parsec, Peculiar galaxy, Phase space, Photographic magnitude, Photoionization, Planetary nebula, Plasma (physics), Position angle, Precession, Principal Galaxies Catalogue, Proportionality (mathematics), Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Quasar, Radio astronomy, Radio galaxy, Radio wave, Red giant, Relativistic beaming, Relativistic speed, Retrograde and prograde motion, Satellite galaxy, Schwarzschild radius, Science (journal), Silliman Memorial Lectures, Solar mass, Space Science Reviews, Special relativity, Spectral line, Speed of light, Spiral galaxy, Star, Stellar dynamics, Stellar evolution, Superluminal motion, Supermassive black hole, Supernova, Synchrotron radiation, The Astronomical Journal, The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review, The Astrophysical Journal, The Observatory (journal), Thermal radiation, Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources, Tidal force, Tidal stripping, Tip of the red-giant branch, Type Ia supernova, Type-cD galaxy, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Uppsala General Catalogue, Very Large Array, Very Large Telescope, Virgo (constellation), Virgo Cluster, Virgo Supercluster, Walter Baade, Weighted arithmetic mean, White Sands Missile Range, World Scientific, Yale University Press. Expand index (90 more) »
Active galactic nucleus
An active galactic nucleus (AGN) is a compact region at the center of a galaxy that has a much higher than normal luminosity over at least some portion—and possibly all—of the electromagnetic spectrum, with characteristics indicating that the excess luminosity is not produced by stars.
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Aerobee
The Aerobee rocket was a small (8 m) unguided suborbital sounding rocket used for high atmospheric and cosmic radiation research in the United States in the 1950s.
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Allotropes of oxygen
There are several known allotropes of oxygen.
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Angular distance
In mathematics (in particular geometry and trigonometry) and all natural sciences (e.g. astronomy and geophysics), the angular distance (angular separation, apparent distance, or apparent separation) between two point objects, as viewed from a location different from either of these objects, is the angle of length between the two directions originating from the observer and pointing toward these two objects.
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Angular velocity
In physics, the angular velocity of a particle is the rate at which it rotates around a chosen center point: that is, the time rate of change of its angular displacement relative to the origin.
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Aperture
In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels.
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Apparent magnitude
The apparent magnitude of a celestial object is a number that is a measure of its brightness as seen by an observer on Earth.
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Astronomy & Astrophysics
Astronomy & Astrophysics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering theoretical, observational, and instrumental astronomy and astrophysics.
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Astronomy Letters
Astronomy Letters (Russian: Pis’ma v Astronomicheskii Zhurnal) is a Russian peer-reviewed scientific journal.
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Astronomy Reports
Astronomy Reports (Russian: Астрономический журнал), is a Russian, monthly, peer reviewed, scientific journal.
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Astrophysical jet
An astrophysical jet is an astronomical phenomenon where outflows of ionised matter are emitted as an extended beam along the axis of rotation.
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Asymptotic giant branch
The asymptotic giant branch (AGB) is a region of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram populated by evolved cool luminous stars.
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Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies
The Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies is a catalog of peculiar galaxies produced by Halton Arp in 1966.
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BL Lacertae object
A BL Lacertae object or BL Lac object is a type of galaxy with an active galactic nucleus (AGN), named after its prototype, BL Lacertae.
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Bondi accretion
In astrophysics, the Bondi accretion, named after Hermann Bondi, is spherical accretion onto a compact object traveling through the interstellar medium.
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C (musical note)
C (Do, Do, C) is the first note of the C major scale, the third note of the A minor scale (the relative minor of C major), and the fourth note (F, A, B, C) of the Guidonian hand, commonly pitched around 261.63 Hz.
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Cepheid variable
A Cepheid variable is a type of star that pulsates radially, varying in both diameter and temperature and producing changes in brightness with a well-defined stable period and amplitude.
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Chandra X-ray Observatory
The Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO), previously known as the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF), is a Flagship-class space observatory launched on STS-93 by NASA on July 23, 1999.
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Charles Messier
Charles Messier (26 June 1730 – 12 April 1817) was a French astronomer most notable for publishing an astronomical catalogue consisting of nebulae and star clusters that came to be known as the 110 "Messier objects".
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Collimated light
Collimated light is light whose rays are parallel, and therefore will spread minimally as it propagates.
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Coma Berenices
Coma Berenices is an ancient asterism in the northern sky which has been defined as one of the 88 modern constellations.
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Comet
A comet is an icy small Solar System body that, when passing close to the Sun, warms and begins to release gases, a process called outgassing.
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Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement
The Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) is the instrument designed to correct Hubble Space Telescope's spherical aberration for light focused at the FOC, FOS and GHRS instruments.
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Dark matter
Dark matter is a theorized form of matter that is thought to account for approximately 80% of the matter in the universe, and about a quarter of its total energy density.
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Declination
In astronomy, declination (abbreviated dec; symbol δ) is one of the two angles that locate a point on the celestial sphere in the equatorial coordinate system, the other being hour angle.
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Denebola
Denebola, also designated Beta Leonis (β Leonis, abbreviated Beta Leo, β Leo) is the second-brightest star in the zodiac constellation of Leo, although the two components of the γ Leonis double star, which are unresolved to the naked eye, have a combined magnitude brighter than it.
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Doubly ionized oxygen
In astronomy and atomic physics, doubly ionized oxygen is the ion O2+ (also known as O III in spectroscopic notation).
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Dust lane
A dust lane is a relatively dense obscuring band of interstellar dust, observed as a dark swath against the background of a brighter object, especially a galaxy.
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Earth mass
Earth mass (where ⊕ is the standard astronomical symbol for planet Earth) is the unit of mass equal to that of Earth.
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Edwin Hubble
Edwin Powell Hubble (November 20, 1889 – September 28, 1953) was an American astronomer.
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Einstein Observatory
Einstein Observatory (HEAO-2) was the first fully imaging X-ray telescope put into space and the second of NASA's three High Energy Astrophysical Observatories.
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Electronvolt
In physics, the electronvolt (symbol eV, also written electron-volt and electron volt) is a unit of energy equal to approximately joules (symbol J).
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Ellipsoid
An ellipsoid is a surface that may be obtained from a sphere by deforming it by means of directional scalings, or more generally, of an affine transformation.
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Elliptical galaxy
An elliptical galaxy is a type of galaxy having an approximately ellipsoidal shape and a smooth, nearly featureless image.
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Epsilon Virginis
Epsilon Virginis (ε Virginis, abbreviated Epsilon Vir, ε Vir), also named Vindemiatrix, is a star in the zodiac constellation of Virgo.
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Erg
The erg is a unit of energy and work equal to 10−7 joules.
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Faint Object Spectrograph
The Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS) was a spectrograph installed on the Hubble Space Telescope.
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Faster-than-light
Faster-than-light (also superluminal or FTL) communication and travel are the conjectural propagation of information or matter faster than the speed of light.
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Galaxy merger
Galaxy mergers can occur when two (or more) galaxies collide.
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Galaxy morphological classification
Galaxy morphological classification is a system used by astronomers to divide galaxies into groups based on their visual appearance.
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Gamma ray
A gamma ray or gamma radiation (symbol γ or \gamma), is penetrating electromagnetic radiation arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei.
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Gérard de Vaucouleurs
Gérard Henri de Vaucouleurs (25 April 1918 – 7 October 1995) was a French astronomer.
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Globular cluster
A globular cluster is a spherical collection of stars that orbits a galactic core as a satellite.
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Heber Doust Curtis
Heber Doust Curtis (June 27, 1872 – January 9, 1942) was an American astronomer.
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High Energy Astronomy Observatory 1
HEAO-1 was an X-ray telescope launched in 1977.
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High Energy Stereoscopic System
High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) is a system of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACT) for the investigation of cosmic gamma rays in the photon energy range of 0.03 to 100 TeV.
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Hubble sequence
The Hubble sequence is a morphological classification scheme for galaxies invented by Edwin Hubble in 1926.
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Hubble Space Telescope
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation.
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HVGC-1
HVGC-1 is the first discovered hypervelocity globular cluster.
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Infrared
Infrared radiation (IR) is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with longer wavelengths than those of visible light, and is therefore generally invisible to the human eye (although IR at wavelengths up to 1050 nm from specially pulsed lasers can be seen by humans under certain conditions). It is sometimes called infrared light.
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Interstellar medium
In astronomy, the interstellar medium (ISM) is the matter and radiation that exists in the space between the star systems in a galaxy.
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John Herschel
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet (7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English polymath, mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor, experimental photographer who invented the blueprint, and did botanical work.
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John Louis Emil Dreyer
John Louis Emil Dreyer (February 13, 1852 – September 14, 1926) was a Danish-Irish astronomer.
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Joule
The joule (symbol: J) is a derived unit of energy in the International System of Units.
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Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes.
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Lick Observatory
The Lick Observatory is an astronomical observatory, owned and operated by the University of California.
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Light-year
The light-year is a unit of length used to express astronomical distances and measures about 9.5 trillion kilometres or 5.9 trillion miles.
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Linear polarization
In electrodynamics, linear polarization or plane polarization of electromagnetic radiation is a confinement of the electric field vector or magnetic field vector to a given plane along the direction of propagation.
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List of most massive black holes
This is an ordered list of the most massive black holes so far discovered (and probable candidates), measured in units of solar masses, or the mass of the Sun (approx. kilograms).
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Local Group
The Local Group is the galaxy group that includes the Milky Way.
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Low-ionization nuclear emission-line region
A low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER) is a type of galactic nucleus that is defined by its spectral line emission.
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Luminosity
In astronomy, luminosity is the total amount of energy emitted per unit of time by a star, galaxy, or other astronomical object.
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Magnetic field
A magnetic field is a vector field that describes the magnetic influence of electrical currents and magnetized materials.
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Main sequence
In astronomy, the main sequence is a continuous and distinctive band of stars that appear on plots of stellar color versus brightness.
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Messier 49
Messier 49 (also known as M 49 or NGC 4472) is an elliptical galaxy located about away in the equatorial constellation of Virgo.
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Messier 84
Messier 84 (also known as M84 or NGC 4374) is an elliptical or lenticular galaxy in the constellation Virgo.
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Messier 86
Messier 86 (also known as M86 or NGC 4406) is an elliptical or lenticular galaxy in the constellation Virgo.
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Messier object
The Messier objects are a set of 110 astronomical objects, of which 103 were included in lists published by French astronomer Charles Messier in 1771 and 1781.
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Metallicity
In astronomy, metallicity is used to describe the abundance of elements present in an object that are heavier than hydrogen or helium.
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Milky Way
The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our Solar System.
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Minute and second of arc
A minute of arc, arcminute (arcmin), arc minute, or minute arc is a unit of angular measurement equal to of one degree.
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Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research in astronomy and astrophysics.
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Mount Wilson Observatory
The Mount Wilson Observatory (MWO) is an astronomical observatory in Los Angeles County, California, United States.
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Nature (journal)
Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.
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Nebula
A nebula (Latin for "cloud" or "fog"; pl. nebulae, nebulæ, or nebulas) is an interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases.
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New General Catalogue
The New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars (abbreviated as NGC) is a catalogue of deep-sky objects compiled by John Louis Emil Dreyer in 1888.
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NGC 4478
NGC 4478 is a elliptical galaxy located about 50 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo.
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Octave
In music, an octave (octavus: eighth) or perfect octave is the interval between one musical pitch and another with half or double its frequency.
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Optical resolution
Optical resolution describes the ability of an imaging system to resolve detail in the object that is being imaged.
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Otto Struve
Otto Struve (August 12, 1897 – April 6, 1963) was a Russian-American astronomer.
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Parsec
The parsec (symbol: pc) is a unit of length used to measure large distances to astronomical objects outside the Solar System.
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Peculiar galaxy
A peculiar galaxy is a galaxy of unusual size, shape, or composition.
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Phase space
In dynamical system theory, a phase space is a space in which all possible states of a system are represented, with each possible state corresponding to one unique point in the phase space.
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Photographic magnitude
Before the advent of photometers which accurately measure the brightness of astronomical objects, the apparent magnitude of an object was obtained by taking a picture of it with a camera.
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Photoionization
Photoionization is the physical process in which an ion is formed from the interaction of a photon with an atom or molecule.
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Planetary nebula
A planetary nebula, abbreviated as PN or plural PNe, is a type of emission nebula consisting of an expanding, glowing shell of ionized gas ejected from red giant stars late in their lives.
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Plasma (physics)
Plasma (Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek English Lexicon, on Perseus) is one of the four fundamental states of matter, and was first described by chemist Irving Langmuir in the 1920s.
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Position angle
Position angle, usually abbreviated PA, is the convention for measuring angles on the sky in astronomy.
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Precession
Precession is a change in the orientation of the rotational axis of a rotating body.
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Principal Galaxies Catalogue
The Catalogue of Principal Galaxies (PGC) is an astronomical catalog published in 1989 that lists B1950 and J2000 equatorial coordinates and cross-identifications for 73,197 galaxies.
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Proportionality (mathematics)
In mathematics, two variables are proportional if there is always a constant ratio between them.
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Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (often abbreviated as PASP in references and literature) is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal managed by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific.
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Quasar
A quasar (also known as a QSO or quasi-stellar object) is an extremely luminous active galactic nucleus (AGN).
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Radio astronomy
Radio astronomy is a subfield of astronomy that studies celestial objects at radio frequencies.
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Radio galaxy
Radio galaxies and their relatives, radio-loud quasars and blazars, are types of active galaxy that are very luminous at radio wavelengths, with luminosities up to 1039 W between 10 MHz and 100 GHz.
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Radio wave
Radio waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum longer than infrared light.
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Red giant
A red giant is a luminous giant star of low or intermediate mass (roughly 0.3–8 solar masses) in a late phase of stellar evolution.
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Relativistic beaming
Relativistic beaming (also known as Doppler beaming, Doppler boosting, or the headlight effect) is the process by which relativistic effects modify the apparent luminosity of emitting matter that is moving at speeds close to the speed of light.
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Relativistic speed
Relativistic speed refers to speed at which relativistic effects become significant to the desired accuracy of measurement of the phenomenon being observed.
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Retrograde and prograde motion
Retrograde motion in astronomy is, in general, orbital or rotational motion of an object in the direction opposite the rotation of its primary, that is the central object (right figure).
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Satellite galaxy
A satellite galaxy is a smaller companion galaxy that travels on bound orbits within the gravitational potential of a more massive and luminous host galaxy (also known as the primary galaxy).
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Schwarzschild radius
The Schwarzschild radius (sometimes historically referred to as the gravitational radius) is a physical parameter that shows up in the Schwarzschild solution to Einstein's field equations, corresponding to the radius defining the event horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole.
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Science (journal)
Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.
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Silliman Memorial Lectures
The Silliman Memorial lectures series has been published by Yale University since 1901.
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Solar mass
The solar mass is a standard unit of mass in astronomy, equal to approximately.
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Space Science Reviews
Space Science Reviews is a peer reviewed, scientific journal of space science.
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Special relativity
In physics, special relativity (SR, also known as the special theory of relativity or STR) is the generally accepted and experimentally well-confirmed physical theory regarding the relationship between space and time.
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Spectral line
A spectral line is a dark or bright line in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum, resulting from emission or absorption of light in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies.
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Speed of light
The speed of light in vacuum, commonly denoted, is a universal physical constant important in many areas of physics.
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Spiral galaxy
Spiral galaxies form a class of galaxy originally described by Edwin Hubble in his 1936 work The Realm of the Nebulae(pp. 124–151) and, as such, form part of the Hubble sequence.
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Star
A star is type of astronomical object consisting of a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by its own gravity.
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Stellar dynamics
Stellar dynamics is the branch of astrophysics which describes in a statistical way the collective motions of stars subject to their mutual gravity.
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Stellar evolution
Stellar evolution is the process by which a star changes over the course of time.
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Superluminal motion
In astronomy, superluminal motion is the apparently faster-than-light motion seen in some radio galaxies, BL Lac objects, quasars and recently also in some galactic sources called microquasars.
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Supermassive black hole
A supermassive black hole (SMBH or SBH) is the largest type of black hole, on the order of hundreds of thousands to billions of solar masses, and is found in the centre of almost all currently known massive galaxies.
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Supernova
A supernova (plural: supernovae or supernovas, abbreviations: SN and SNe) is a transient astronomical event that occurs during the last stellar evolutionary stages of a star's life, either a massive star or a white dwarf, whose destruction is marked by one final, titanic explosion.
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Synchrotron radiation
Synchrotron radiation (also known as magnetobremsstrahlung radiation) is the electromagnetic radiation emitted when charged particles are accelerated radially, i.e., when they are subject to an acceleration perpendicular to their velocity.
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The Astronomical Journal
The Astronomical Journal (often abbreviated AJ in scientific papers and references) is a peer-reviewed monthly scientific journal owned by the American Astronomical Society and currently published by IOP Publishing.
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The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review
The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that is published quarterly by Springer Science+Business Media.
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The Astrophysical Journal
The Astrophysical Journal, often abbreviated ApJ (pronounced "ap jay") in references and speech, is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of astrophysics and astronomy, established in 1895 by American astronomers George Ellery Hale and James Edward Keeler.
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The Observatory (journal)
The Observatory is a publication, variously described as a journal, a magazine and a review, devoted to astronomy.
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Thermal radiation
Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of charged particles in matter.
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Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources
The Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources (3C) is an astronomical catalogue of celestial radio sources detected originally at 159 MHz, and subsequently at 178 MHz.
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Tidal force
The tidal force is an apparent force that stretches a body towards the center of mass of another body due to a gradient (difference in strength) in gravitational field from the other body; it is responsible for the diverse phenomena, including tides, tidal locking, breaking apart of celestial bodies and formation of ring systems within Roche limit, and in extreme cases, spaghettification of objects.
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Tidal stripping
Tidal stripping occurs when a larger galaxy pulls stars and other stellar material from a smaller galaxy.
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Tip of the red-giant branch
Tip of the red-giant branch (TRGB) is a primary distance indicator used in astronomy.
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Type Ia supernova
A type Ia supernova (read "type one-a") is a type of supernova that occurs in binary systems (two stars orbiting one another) in which one of the stars is a white dwarf.
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Type-cD galaxy
The type-cD galaxy (also cD-type galaxy, cD galaxy) is a galaxy morphology classification, a subtype of type-D giant elliptical galaxy.
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United States Naval Research Laboratory
The United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is the corporate research laboratory for the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps.
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Uppsala General Catalogue
The Uppsala General Catalogue of Galaxies (UGC) is a catalogue of 12,921 galaxies visible from the northern hemisphere.
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Very Large Array
The Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) is a centimeter-wavelength radio astronomy observatory located in central New Mexico on the Plains of San Agustin, between the towns of Magdalena and Datil, ~50 miles (80 km) west of Socorro.
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Very Large Telescope
The Very Large Telescope (VLT) is a telescope facility operated by the European Southern Observatory on Cerro Paranal in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile.
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Virgo (constellation)
Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac.
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Virgo Cluster
The Virgo Cluster is a cluster of galaxies whose center is 53.8 ± 0.3 Mly (16.5 ± 0.1 Mpc) away in the constellation Virgo.
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Virgo Supercluster
The Virgo Supercluster (Virgo SC) or the Local Supercluster (LSC or LS) is a mass concentration of galaxies containing the Virgo Cluster and Local Group, which in turn contains the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies.
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Walter Baade
Wilhelm Heinrich Walter Baade (March 24, 1893 – June 25, 1960) was a German astronomer who worked in the United States from 1931 to 1959.
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Weighted arithmetic mean
The weighted arithmetic mean is similar to an ordinary arithmetic mean (the most common type of average), except that instead of each of the data points contributing equally to the final average, some data points contribute more than others.
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White Sands Missile Range
White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) is a United States Army military testing area of almost in parts of five counties in southern New Mexico.
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World Scientific
World Scientific Publishing is an academic publisher of scientific, technical, and medical books and journals headquartered in Singapore.
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Yale University Press
Yale University Press is a university press associated with Yale University.
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Redirects here:
Arp 152, Elliptical Galaxy M87, Elliptical galaxy M87, Galaxy M87, Messier Object 87, NGC 4486, Virgo A, Virgo A Galaxy.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_87
