We are working to restore the Unionpedia app on the Google Play Store
OutgoingIncoming
🌟We've simplified our design for better navigation!
Instagram Facebook X LinkedIn

Methylphenidate

Index Methylphenidate

Methylphenidate, sold under the brand names Ritalin and Concerta among others, is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant used medically to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and, to a lesser extent, narcolepsy. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 278 relations: Abdominal pain, Abscess, Abulia, Actavis, Addiction, Adrenergic storm, Akathisia, Akinetic mutism, Alcohol (drug), Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor, Alza, Alzheimer's disease, American Academy of Pediatrics, Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Amotivational syndrome, Amphetamine, Amphetamine dependence, Analgesic, Anorexia (symptom), Anticonvulsant, Antidepressant, Antihypotensive agent, Antipsychotic, Anxiety, Apathy, Aphrodisiac, Apotex, Arrhythmia, Artery, Atomoxetine, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Bamford–Stevens reaction, Barbiturate, Barr Pharmaceuticals, Benzodiazepine, Beta-adrenergic agonist, Bioavailability, Biological half-life, Bipolar disorder, Blend word, Blood plasma, Blood pressure, Blurred vision, Bupropion, Cancer, Carboxylesterase 1, Cardiac arrest, Cardiovascular disease, Case report, Catecholamine, ... Expand index (228 more) »

  2. 2-Benzylpiperidines
  3. 2-Piperidinyl compounds
  4. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management
  5. Ergogenic aids
  6. Vasoconstrictors

Abdominal pain

Abdominal pain, also known as a stomach ache, is a symptom associated with both non-serious and serious medical issues.

See Methylphenidate and Abdominal pain

Abscess

An abscess is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the body.

See Methylphenidate and Abscess

Abulia

In neurology, abulia, or aboulia (from βουλή, meaning "will"),Bailly, A. (2000).

See Methylphenidate and Abulia

Actavis

Actavis Generics (formerly known as Watson Pharmaceuticals and Actavis plc, prior to the acquisition of Irish-based Allergan, Inc.) is a global pharmaceutical company focused on acquiring, developing, manufacturing and marketing branded pharmaceuticals, generic and over-the-counter medicines, and biologic products.

See Methylphenidate and Actavis

Addiction

Addiction is a neuropsychological disorder characterized by a persistent and intense urge to use a drug or engage in a behavior that produces natural reward, despite substantial harm and other negative consequences.

See Methylphenidate and Addiction

Adrenergic storm

An adrenergic storm is a sudden and dramatic increase in serum levels of the catecholamines adrenaline and noradrenaline (also known as epinephrine and norepinephrine respectively), with a less significant increase in dopamine transmission.

See Methylphenidate and Adrenergic storm

Akathisia

Akathisia (IPA: /æ.kə.ˈθɪ.si.ə/) is a movement disorder characterized by a subjective feeling of inner restlessness accompanied by mental distress and an inability to sit still.

See Methylphenidate and Akathisia

Akinetic mutism

Akinetic mutism is a medical condition where patients tend neither to move (akinesia) nor speak (mutism).

See Methylphenidate and Akinetic mutism

Alcohol (drug)

Alcohol, sometimes referred to by the chemical name ethanol, is one of the most widely used and abused psychoactive drugs in the world and falls under the depressant category. Methylphenidate and Alcohol (drug) are Euphoriants.

See Methylphenidate and Alcohol (drug)

Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor

The alpha-2 (α2) adrenergic receptor (or adrenoceptor) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) associated with the Gi heterotrimeric G-protein.

See Methylphenidate and Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor

Alza

Alza Corporation was an American pharmaceutical and medical systems company.

See Methylphenidate and Alza

Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and progressively worsens, and is the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia.

See Methylphenidate and Alzheimer's disease

American Academy of Pediatrics

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is the largest professional association of pediatricians in the United States.

See Methylphenidate and American Academy of Pediatrics

Amneal Pharmaceuticals

Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is an American publicly traded generics and specialty pharmaceutical company.

See Methylphenidate and Amneal Pharmaceuticals

Amotivational syndrome

Amotivational syndrome is a chronic psychiatric disorder characterized by signs that are linked to cognitive and emotional states such as detachment, blunted emotion and drives, executive functions like memory and attention, disinterest, passivity, apathy, and a general lack of motivation.

See Methylphenidate and Amotivational syndrome

Amphetamine

Amphetamine (contracted from alpha-methylphenethylamine) is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity. Methylphenidate and Amphetamine are attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management, Ergogenic aids, Euphoriants, Nootropics, stimulants and world Anti-Doping Agency prohibited substances.

See Methylphenidate and Amphetamine

Amphetamine dependence

Amphetamine dependence refers to a state of psychological dependence on a drug in the amphetamine class.

See Methylphenidate and Amphetamine dependence

Analgesic

An analgesic drug, also called simply an analgesic, antalgic, pain reliever, or painkiller, is any member of the group of drugs used for pain management.

See Methylphenidate and Analgesic

Anorexia (symptom)

Anorexia is a medical term for a loss of appetite.

See Methylphenidate and Anorexia (symptom)

Anticonvulsant

Anticonvulsants (also known as antiepileptic drugs, antiseizure drugs, or anti-seizure medications (ASM)) are a diverse group of pharmacological agents used in the treatment of epileptic seizures.

See Methylphenidate and Anticonvulsant

Antidepressant

Antidepressants are a class of medications used to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, chronic pain, and addiction.

See Methylphenidate and Antidepressant

Antihypotensive agent

An antihypotensive agent, also known as a vasopressor agent or simply vasopressor, or pressor, is any substance, whether endogenous or a medication, that tends to raise low blood pressure.

See Methylphenidate and Antihypotensive agent

Antipsychotic

Antipsychotics, previously known as neuroleptics and major tranquilizers, are a class of psychotropic medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally in schizophrenia but also in a range of other psychotic disorders.

See Methylphenidate and Antipsychotic

Anxiety

Anxiety is an emotion which is characterised by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil and includes feelings of dread over anticipated events.

See Methylphenidate and Anxiety

Apathy

Apathy, also referred to as indifference, is a lack of feeling, emotion, interest, or concern about something.

See Methylphenidate and Apathy

Aphrodisiac

An aphrodisiac is a substance alleged to increase libido, sexual desire, sexual attraction, sexual pleasure, or sexual behavior.

See Methylphenidate and Aphrodisiac

Apotex

Apotex Inc. is a Canadian pharmaceutical corporation.

See Methylphenidate and Apotex

Arrhythmia

Arrhythmias, also known as cardiac arrhythmias, are irregularities in the heartbeat, including when it is too fast or too slow.

See Methylphenidate and Arrhythmia

Artery

An artery is a blood vessel in humans and most other animals that takes oxygenated blood away from the heart in the systemic circulation to one or more parts of the body.

See Methylphenidate and Artery

Atomoxetine

Atomoxetine, sold under the brand name Strattera, is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and, to a lesser extent, cognitive disengagement syndrome. Methylphenidate and Atomoxetine are attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management and Nootropics.

See Methylphenidate and Atomoxetine

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by executive dysfunction occasioning symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity and emotional dysregulation that are excessive and pervasive, impairing in multiple contexts, and otherwise age-inappropriate.

See Methylphenidate and Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Bamford–Stevens reaction

The Bamford–Stevens reaction is a chemical reaction whereby treatment of tosylhydrazones with strong base gives alkenes.

See Methylphenidate and Bamford–Stevens reaction

Barbiturate

Barbiturates are a class of depressant drugs that are chemically derived from barbituric acid.

See Methylphenidate and Barbiturate

Barr Pharmaceuticals

Barr Pharmaceuticals was a global specialty and generic drug manufacturer with operations in 30 countries.

See Methylphenidate and Barr Pharmaceuticals

Benzodiazepine

Benzodiazepines (BZD, BDZ, BZs), colloquially called "benzos", are a class of depressant drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring.

See Methylphenidate and Benzodiazepine

Beta-adrenergic agonist

Beta adrenergic agonists or beta agonists are medications that relax muscles of the airways, causing widening of the airways and resulting in easier breathing.

See Methylphenidate and Beta-adrenergic agonist

Bioavailability

In pharmacology, bioavailability is a subcategory of absorption and is the fraction (%) of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation.

See Methylphenidate and Bioavailability

Biological half-life

Biological half-life (elimination half-life, pharmacological half-life) is the time taken for concentration of a biological substance (such as a medication) to decrease from its maximum concentration (Cmax) to half of Cmax in the blood plasma.

See Methylphenidate and Biological half-life

Bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mental disorder characterized by periods of depression and periods of abnormally elevated mood that each last from days to weeks.

See Methylphenidate and Bipolar disorder

Blend word

In linguistics, a blend—also known as a blend word, lexical blend, or portmanteau—is a word formed, usually intentionally, by combining the sounds and meanings of two or more words.

See Methylphenidate and Blend word

Blood plasma

Blood plasma is a light amber-colored liquid component of blood in which blood cells are absent, but which contains proteins and other constituents of whole blood in suspension.

See Methylphenidate and Blood plasma

Blood pressure

Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels.

See Methylphenidate and Blood pressure

Blurred vision

Blurred vision is an ocular symptom where vision becomes less precise and there is added difficulty to resolve fine details.

See Methylphenidate and Blurred vision

Bupropion

Bupropion, formerly called amfebutamone, and sold under the brand name Wellbutrin among others, is an atypical antidepressant primarily used to treat major depressive disorder and to support smoking cessation. Methylphenidate and Bupropion are attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management, CYP2D6 inhibitors, Ergogenic aids, norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors and stimulants.

See Methylphenidate and Bupropion

Cancer

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.

See Methylphenidate and Cancer

Carboxylesterase 1

Liver carboxylesterase 1 also known as carboxylesterase 1 (CES1, hCE-1 or CES1A1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CES1 gene.

See Methylphenidate and Carboxylesterase 1

Cardiac arrest

Cardiac arrest, also known as sudden cardiac arrest, is when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating.

See Methylphenidate and Cardiac arrest

Cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is any disease involving the heart or blood vessels.

See Methylphenidate and Cardiovascular disease

Case report

In medicine, a case report is a detailed report of the symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient.

See Methylphenidate and Case report

Catecholamine

A catecholamine (abbreviated CA) is a monoamine neurotransmitter, an organic compound that has a catechol (benzene with two hydroxyl side groups next to each other) and a side-chain amine.

See Methylphenidate and Catecholamine

Central nervous system

The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain and spinal cord.

See Methylphenidate and Central nervous system

Charles Bradley (medical doctor)

Charles Bradley (December 1, 1902 – 1979) was a Rhode Island physician who was best known for the serendipitous discovery that the use of Benzedrine in children with behavior problems resulted in an improvement in their performance in a residential setting.

See Methylphenidate and Charles Bradley (medical doctor)

Chemical synthesis

Chemical synthesis (chemical combination) is the artificial execution of chemical reactions to obtain one or several products.

See Methylphenidate and Chemical synthesis

Chills

Chills is a feeling of coldness occurring during a high fever, but sometimes is also a common symptom which occurs alone in specific people.

See Methylphenidate and Chills

Chronic condition

A chronic condition (also known as chronic disease or chronic illness) is a health condition or disease that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in its effects or a disease that comes with time.

See Methylphenidate and Chronic condition

Cigarette

A cigarette is a narrow cylinder containing a combustible material, typically tobacco, that is rolled into thin paper for smoking.

See Methylphenidate and Cigarette

Citalopram

Citalopram, sold under the brand name Celexa among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. Methylphenidate and Citalopram are CYP2D6 inhibitors and Sigma agonists.

See Methylphenidate and Citalopram

Clinical trial

Clinical trials are prospective biomedical or behavioral research studies on human participants designed to answer specific questions about biomedical or behavioral interventions, including new treatments (such as novel vaccines, drugs, dietary choices, dietary supplements, and medical devices) and known interventions that warrant further study and comparison.

See Methylphenidate and Clinical trial

Cmax (pharmacology)

Cmax is the maximum (or peak) serum concentration that a drug achieves in a specified compartment or test area of the body after the drug has been administered and before the administration of a second dose.

See Methylphenidate and Cmax (pharmacology)

Cocaethylene

Cocaethylene (ethylbenzoylecgonine) is the ethyl ester of benzoylecgonine. Methylphenidate and Cocaethylene are Carboxylate esters, Euphoriants and stimulants.

See Methylphenidate and Cocaethylene

Cocaine

Cocaine (from, from, ultimately from Quechua: kúka) is a tropane alkaloid that acts as a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. Methylphenidate and Cocaine are CYP2D6 inhibitors, Carboxylate esters, Euphoriants, methyl esters, Sigma agonists, stimulants and Vasoconstrictors.

See Methylphenidate and Cocaine

Cocaine dependence

Cocaine dependence is a neurological disorder that is characterized by withdrawal symptoms upon cessation from cocaine use.

See Methylphenidate and Cocaine dependence

Cochrane Library

The Cochrane Library (named after Archie Cochrane) is a collection of databases in medicine and other healthcare specialties provided by Cochrane and other organizations.

See Methylphenidate and Cochrane Library

Cognition

Cognition is the "mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses".

See Methylphenidate and Cognition

Coma

A coma is a deep state of prolonged unconsciousness in which a person cannot be awakened, fails to respond normally to painful stimuli, light, or sound, lacks a normal wake-sleep cycle and does not initiate voluntary actions.

See Methylphenidate and Coma

Comorbidity

In medicine, comorbidity refers to the simultaneous presence of two or more medical conditions in a patient; often co-occurring (that is, concomitant or concurrent) with a primary condition.

See Methylphenidate and Comorbidity

Concomitant drug

Concomitant drugs are two or more drugs used or given at or almost at the same time (one after the other, on the same day, etc.). The term has two contextual uses: as used in medicine or as used in drug abuse.

See Methylphenidate and Concomitant drug

Congenital heart defect

A congenital heart defect (CHD), also known as a congenital heart anomaly, congenital cardiovascular malformation, and congenital heart disease, is a defect in the structure of the heart or great vessels that is present at birth.

See Methylphenidate and Congenital heart defect

Contraindication

In medicine, a contraindication is a condition (a situation or factor) that serves as a reason not to take a certain medical treatment due to the harm that it would cause the patient.

See Methylphenidate and Contraindication

Controlled Drugs and Substances Act

The Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Loi réglementant certaines drogues et autres substances) is Canada's federal drug control statute.

See Methylphenidate and Controlled Drugs and Substances Act

Controlled substance

A controlled substance is generally a drug or chemical whose manufacture, possession and use is regulated by a government, such as illicitly used drugs or prescription medications that are designated by law.

See Methylphenidate and Controlled substance

Convention on Psychotropic Substances

The Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 is a United Nations treaty designed to control psychoactive drugs such as amphetamine-type stimulants, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and psychedelics signed in Vienna, Austria on 21 February 1971.

See Methylphenidate and Convention on Psychotropic Substances

Convulsion

A convulsion is a medical condition where the body muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in uncontrolled shaking.

See Methylphenidate and Convulsion

CYP2C19

Cytochrome P450 2C19 (abbreviated CYP2C19) is an enzyme protein.

See Methylphenidate and CYP2C19

Delirium

Delirium (formerly acute confusional state, an ambiguous term which is now discouraged) is a specific state of acute confusion attributable to the direct physiological consequence of a medical condition, effects of a psychoactive substance, or multiple causes, which usually develops over the course of hours to days.

See Methylphenidate and Delirium

Depression (mood)

Depression is a mental state of low mood and aversion to activity.

See Methylphenidate and Depression (mood)

Derivative (chemistry)

In chemistry, a derivative is a compound that is derived from a similar compound by a chemical reaction.

See Methylphenidate and Derivative (chemistry)

Dexmethylphenidate

Dexmethylphenidate, sold under the brand name Focalin among others, is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in those over the age of five years. Methylphenidate and Dexmethylphenidate are 2-Benzylpiperidines, 2-Piperidinyl compounds, methyl esters, Nootropics, norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors and stimulants.

See Methylphenidate and Dexmethylphenidate

Diastereomer

In stereochemistry, diastereomers (sometimes called diastereoisomers) are a type of stereoisomer.

See Methylphenidate and Diastereomer

Diário Oficial da União

The Diário Oficial da União (literally Official Diary of the Union), abbreviated DOU, is the official journal of the federal government of Brazil.

See Methylphenidate and Diário Oficial da União

Diplopia

Diplopia is the simultaneous perception of two images of a single object that may be displaced horizontally or vertically in relation to each other.

See Methylphenidate and Diplopia

Dissociation constant

In chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacology, a dissociation constant (KD) is a specific type of equilibrium constant that measures the propensity of a larger object to separate (dissociate) reversibly into smaller components, as when a complex falls apart into its component molecules, or when a salt splits up into its component ions.

See Methylphenidate and Dissociation constant

Dizziness

Dizziness is an imprecise term that can refer to a sense of disorientation in space, vertigo, or lightheadedness.

See Methylphenidate and Dizziness

Dopamine

Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is a neuromodulatory molecule that plays several important roles in cells.

See Methylphenidate and Dopamine

Dopamine receptor D1

Dopamine receptor D1, also known as DRD1.

See Methylphenidate and Dopamine receptor D1

Dopamine reuptake inhibitor

A dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) is a class of drug which acts as a reuptake inhibitor of the monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine by blocking the action of the dopamine transporter (DAT).

See Methylphenidate and Dopamine reuptake inhibitor

Dopamine transporter

The dopamine transporter (DAT, also sodium-dependent dopamine transporter) is a membrane-spanning protein coded for in humans by the SLC6A3 gene (also known as DAT1), that pumps the neurotransmitter dopamine out of the synaptic cleft back into cytosol.

See Methylphenidate and Dopamine transporter

Dopaminergic

Dopaminergic means "related to dopamine" (literally, "working on dopamine"), dopamine being a common neurotransmitter.

See Methylphenidate and Dopaminergic

Drug Enforcement Administration

The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is a United States federal law enforcement agency under the U.S. Department of Justice tasked with combating illicit drug trafficking and distribution within the U.S. It is the lead agency for domestic enforcement of the Controlled Substances Act, sharing concurrent jurisdiction with the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the U.S.

See Methylphenidate and Drug Enforcement Administration

Drug injection

Drug injection is a method of introducing a drug into the bloodstream via a hollow hypodermic needle, which is pierced through the skin into the body (usually intravenously, but also at an intramuscular or subcutaneous, location).

See Methylphenidate and Drug injection

Drug titration

Drug titration is the process of adjusting the dose of a medication for the maximum benefit without adverse effects.

See Methylphenidate and Drug titration

Drug withdrawal

Drug withdrawal, drug withdrawal syndrome, or substance withdrawal syndrome, is the group of symptoms that occur upon the abrupt discontinuation or decrease in the intake of pharmaceutical or recreational drugs.

See Methylphenidate and Drug withdrawal

Dyskinesia

Dyskinesia refers to a category of movement disorders that are characterized by involuntary muscle movements, including movements similar to tics or chorea and diminished voluntary movements.

See Methylphenidate and Dyskinesia

Dysphoria

Dysphoria is a profound state of unease or dissatisfaction.

See Methylphenidate and Dysphoria

Enantiomer

In chemistry, an enantiomer (/ɪˈnænti.əmər, ɛ-, -oʊ-/ ''ih-NAN-tee-ə-mər''; from Ancient Greek ἐναντίος (enantíos) 'opposite', and μέρος (méros) 'part') – also called optical isomer, antipode, or optical antipode – is one of two stereoisomers that are nonsuperposable onto their own mirror image.

See Methylphenidate and Enantiomer

Enantiopure drug

An enantiopure drug is a pharmaceutical that is available in one specific enantiomeric form.

See Methylphenidate and Enantiopure drug

Endurance

Endurance (also related to sufferance, forbearance, resilience, constitution, fortitude, persistence, tenacity, steadfastness, perseverance, stamina, and hardiness) is the ability of an organism to exert itself and remain active for a long period of time, as well as its ability to resist, withstand, recover from and have immunity to trauma, wounds, or fatigue.

See Methylphenidate and Endurance

Epimer

In stereochemistry, an epimer is one of a pair of diastereomers.

See Methylphenidate and Epimer

Episodic memory

Episodic memory is the memory of everyday events (such as times, location geography, associated emotions, and other contextual information) that can be explicitly stated or conjured.

See Methylphenidate and Episodic memory

Ethanol

Ethanol (also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound with the chemical formula.

See Methylphenidate and Ethanol

Ethylphenidate

Ethylphenidate (EPH) is a psychostimulant and a close analog of methylphenidate. Methylphenidate and Ethylphenidate are 2-Benzylpiperidines, 2-Piperidinyl compounds, Euphoriants, norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors and stimulants.

See Methylphenidate and Ethylphenidate

Euphoria

Euphoria is the experience (or affect) of pleasure or excitement and intense feelings of well-being and happiness. Methylphenidate and Euphoria are Euphoriants.

See Methylphenidate and Euphoria

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering child and adolescent psychiatry.

See Methylphenidate and European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

Executive functions

In cognitive science and neuropsychology, executive functions (collectively referred to as executive function and cognitive control) are a set of cognitive processes that are necessary for the cognitive control of behavior: selecting and successfully monitoring behaviors that facilitate the attainment of chosen goals.

See Methylphenidate and Executive functions

Fatigue

Fatigue describes a state of tiredness (which is not sleepiness), exhaustion or loss of energy.

See Methylphenidate and Fatigue

Fever

Fever or pyrexia in humans is a body temperature above the normal range due to an increase in the body's temperature set point in the hypothalamus.

See Methylphenidate and Fever

First pass effect

The first pass effect (also known as first-pass metabolism or presystemic metabolism) is a phenomenon of drug metabolism at a specific location in the body which leads to a reduction in the concentration of the active drug before it reaches the site of action or systemic circulation.

See Methylphenidate and First pass effect

Flushing (physiology)

Flushing is to become markedly red in the face and often other areas of the skin, from various physiological conditions.

See Methylphenidate and Flushing (physiology)

Food and Drug Administration

The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or US FDA) is a federal agency of the Department of Health and Human Services.

See Methylphenidate and Food and Drug Administration

G protein-coupled receptor

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptors, and G protein-linked receptors (GPLR), form a large group of evolutionarily related proteins that are cell surface receptors that detect molecules outside the cell and activate cellular responses.

See Methylphenidate and G protein-coupled receptor

Gastrointestinal tract

The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus. The GI tract contains all the major organs of the digestive system, in humans and other animals, including the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.

See Methylphenidate and Gastrointestinal tract

Gateway drug effect

The gateway drug effect (alternatively, stepping-stone theory, escalation hypothesis, or progression hypothesis) is a comprehensive catchphrase for the often observed effect that the use of a psychoactive substance is coupled to an increased probability of the use of further substances.

See Methylphenidate and Gateway drug effect

Generic drug

A generic drug (or simply generic) is a pharmaceutical drug that contains the same chemical substance as a drug that was originally protected by chemical patents.

See Methylphenidate and Generic drug

Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that lead to damage of the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain.

See Methylphenidate and Glaucoma

Glossary of medicine

This glossary of medical terms is a list of definitions about medicine, its sub-disciplines, and related fields.

See Methylphenidate and Glossary of medicine

Grading in education

Grading in education is the process of applying standardized measurements for varying levels of achievements in a course.

See Methylphenidate and Grading in education

Hallucination

A hallucination is a perception in the absence of an external stimulus that has the compelling sense of reality.

See Methylphenidate and Hallucination

Headache

Headache, also known as cephalalgia, is the symptom of pain in the face, head, or neck.

See Methylphenidate and Headache

Health Canada

Health Canada (HC; Santé Canada, SC)Health Canada is the applied title under the Federal Identity Program; the legal title is Department of Health.

See Methylphenidate and Health Canada

Heart

The heart is a muscular organ found in most animals.

See Methylphenidate and Heart

Hepatotoxicity

Hepatotoxicity (from hepatic toxicity) implies chemical-driven liver damage.

See Methylphenidate and Hepatotoxicity

HIV

The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two species of Lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans.

See Methylphenidate and HIV

Hives

Hives, also known as urticaria, is a kind of skin rash with red, raised, itchy bumps.

See Methylphenidate and Hives

Hospira

Hospira was an American global pharmaceutical and medical device company with headquarters in Lake Forest, Illinois.

See Methylphenidate and Hospira

Human brain

The brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system.

See Methylphenidate and Human brain

Hyperhidrosis

Hyperhidrosis is a medical condition in which a person exhibits excessive sweating, more than that required for regulation of body temperature.

See Methylphenidate and Hyperhidrosis

Hyperreflexia

Hyperreflexia is overactive or overresponsive bodily reflexes.

See Methylphenidate and Hyperreflexia

Hypersensitivity

Hypersensitivity (also called hypersensitivity reaction or intolerance) is an abnormal physiological condition in which there is an undesirable and adverse immune response to an antigen.

See Methylphenidate and Hypersensitivity

Hypertension

Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.

See Methylphenidate and Hypertension

Hyperthermia

Hyperthermia, also known simply as overheating, is a condition in which an individual's body temperature is elevated beyond normal due to failed thermoregulation.

See Methylphenidate and Hyperthermia

Hypomania

Hypomania (literally "under mania" or "less than mania") is a mental and behavioral disorder, characterised essentially by an apparently non-contextual elevation of mood (euphoria) that contributes to persistently disinhibited behavior.

See Methylphenidate and Hypomania

IC50

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) is a measure of the potency of a substance in inhibiting a specific biological or biochemical function.

See Methylphenidate and IC50

Indirect agonist

In pharmacology, an indirect agonist or indirect-acting agonist is a substance that enhances the release or action of an endogenous neurotransmitter but has no specific agonist activity at the neurotransmitter receptor itself.

See Methylphenidate and Indirect agonist

Informed consent is a principle in medical ethics, medical law and media studies, that a patient must have sufficient information and understanding before making decisions about their medical care.

See Methylphenidate and Informed consent

Inhibitory control

Inhibitory control, also known as response inhibition, is a cognitive process – and, more specifically, an executive function – that permits an individual to inhibit their impulses and natural, habitual, or dominant behavioral responses to stimuli (prepotent responses) in order to select a more appropriate behavior that is consistent with completing their goals.

See Methylphenidate and Inhibitory control

Insomnia

Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder where people have trouble sleeping.

See Methylphenidate and Insomnia

Intravenous therapy

Intravenous therapy (abbreviated as IV therapy) is a medical technique that administers fluids, medications and nutrients directly into a person's vein.

See Methylphenidate and Intravenous therapy

Irritability

Irritability is the excitatory ability that living organisms have to respond to changes in their environment.

See Methylphenidate and Irritability

Isomer

In chemistry, isomers are molecules or polyatomic ions with identical molecular formula – that is, the same number of atoms of each element – but distinct arrangements of atoms in space.

See Methylphenidate and Isomer

Lethargy

Lethargy is a state of tiredness, sleepiness, weariness, fatigue, sluggishness or lack of energy.

See Methylphenidate and Lethargy

Ligand (biochemistry)

In biochemistry and pharmacology, a ligand is a substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose.

See Methylphenidate and Ligand (biochemistry)

Liver

The liver is a major metabolic organ exclusively found in vertebrate animals, which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the synthesis of proteins and various other biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth.

See Methylphenidate and Liver

Local anesthetic

A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of all sensation (including pain) in a specific body part without loss of consciousness, providing local anesthesia, as opposed to a general anesthetic, which eliminates all sensation in the entire body and causes unconsciousness.

See Methylphenidate and Local anesthetic

Locus coeruleus

The locus coeruleus (LC), also spelled locus caeruleus or locus ceruleus, is a nucleus in the pons of the brainstem involved with physiological responses to stress and panic.

See Methylphenidate and Locus coeruleus

Logorrhea (psychology)

In psychology, logorrhea or logorrhoea (from Ancient Greek λόγος logos "word" and ῥέω rheo "to flow") is a communication disorder that causes excessive wordiness and repetitiveness, which can cause incoherency.

See Methylphenidate and Logorrhea (psychology)

Magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes inside the body.

See Methylphenidate and Magnetic resonance imaging

Major depressive disorder

Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities.

See Methylphenidate and Major depressive disorder

Mallinckrodt

Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals is an American-Irish domiciled manufacturer of specialty pharmaceuticals (namely, adrenocorticotropic hormone), generic drugs and imaging agents.

See Methylphenidate and Mallinckrodt

Malpractice

In the law of torts, malpractice, also known as professional negligence, is an "instance of negligence or incompetence on the part of a professional".

See Methylphenidate and Malpractice

Mania

Mania, also known as manic syndrome, is a mental and behavioral disorder defined as a state of abnormally elevated arousal, affect, and energy level, or "a state of heightened overall activation with enhanced affective expression together with lability of affect." During a manic episode, an individual will experience rapidly changing emotions and moods, highly influenced by surrounding stimuli.

See Methylphenidate and Mania

Mechanism of action

In pharmacology, the term mechanism of action (MOA) refers to the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect.

See Methylphenidate and Mechanism of action

Medical error

A medical error is a preventable adverse effect of care ("iatrogenesis"), whether or not it is evident or harmful to the patient.

See Methylphenidate and Medical error

Medical test

A medical test is a medical procedure performed to detect, diagnose, or monitor diseases, disease processes, susceptibility, or to determine a course of treatment.

See Methylphenidate and Medical test

Mesocortical pathway

The mesocortical pathway is a dopaminergic pathway that connects the ventral tegmentum to the prefrontal cortex.

See Methylphenidate and Mesocortical pathway

Mesolimbic pathway

The mesolimbic pathway, sometimes referred to as the reward pathway, is a dopaminergic pathway in the brain.

See Methylphenidate and Mesolimbic pathway

Meta-analysis

Meta-analysis is the statistical combination of the results of multiple studies addressing a similar research question.

See Methylphenidate and Meta-analysis

Metabolism

Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.

See Methylphenidate and Metabolism

Metabolite

In biochemistry, a metabolite is an intermediate or end product of metabolism.

See Methylphenidate and Metabolite

Methamphetamine

Methamphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity. Methylphenidate and Methamphetamine are attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management, Euphoriants, Sigma agonists and stimulants.

See Methylphenidate and Methamphetamine

Methylphenidate

Methylphenidate, sold under the brand names Ritalin and Concerta among others, is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant used medically to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and, to a lesser extent, narcolepsy. Methylphenidate and Methylphenidate are 2-Benzylpiperidines, 2-Piperidinyl compounds, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management, biology of bipolar disorder, CYP2D6 inhibitors, Carboxylate esters, Ergogenic aids, Euphoriants, methyl esters, Nootropics, norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors, Sigma agonists, stimulants, Vasoconstrictors and world Anti-Doping Agency prohibited substances.

See Methylphenidate and Methylphenidate

Mixture

A mixture is a material made up of two or more different chemical substances which can be separated by physical method.

See Methylphenidate and Mixture

Modified-release dosage

Modified-release dosage is a mechanism that (in contrast to immediate-release dosage) delivers a drug with a delay after its administration (delayed-release dosage) or for a prolonged period of time (extended-release dosage) or to a specific target in the body (targeted-release dosage).

See Methylphenidate and Modified-release dosage

Monoamine neurotransmitter

Monoamine neurotransmitters are neurotransmitters and neuromodulators that contain one amino group connected to an aromatic ring by a two-carbon chain (such as -CH2-CH2-). Examples are dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin.

See Methylphenidate and Monoamine neurotransmitter

Monoamine releasing agent

A monoamine releasing agent (MRA), or simply monoamine releaser, is a drug that induces the release of a monoamine neurotransmitter from the presynaptic neuron into the synapse, leading to an increase in the extracellular concentrations of the neurotransmitter.

See Methylphenidate and Monoamine releasing agent

Monoamine transporter

Monoamine transporters (MATs) are proteins that function as integral plasma-membrane transporters to regulate concentrations of extracellular monoamine neurotransmitters.

See Methylphenidate and Monoamine transporter

Mucous membrane

A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body of an organism and covers the surface of internal organs.

See Methylphenidate and Mucous membrane

Multiple Sleep Latency Test

The Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) is a sleep disorder diagnostic tool.

See Methylphenidate and Multiple Sleep Latency Test

Mydriasis

Mydriasis is the dilation of the pupil, usually having a non-physiological cause, or sometimes a physiological pupillary response.

See Methylphenidate and Mydriasis

Myocardial infarction

A myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops in one of the coronary arteries of the heart, causing infarction (tissue death) to the heart muscle.

See Methylphenidate and Myocardial infarction

Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that impairs the ability to regulate sleep–wake cycles, and specifically impacts REM (rapid eye movement) sleep.

See Methylphenidate and Narcolepsy

Nasal administration

Nasal administration, popularly known as snorting, is a route of administration in which drugs are insufflated through the nose.

See Methylphenidate and Nasal administration

Nausea

Nausea is a diffuse sensation of unease and discomfort, sometimes perceived as an urge to vomit.

See Methylphenidate and Nausea

Necrosis

Necrosis is a form of cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis.

See Methylphenidate and Necrosis

Nervous system

In biology, the nervous system is the highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.

See Methylphenidate and Nervous system

Neuron

A neuron, neurone, or nerve cell is an excitable cell that fires electric signals called action potentials across a neural network in the nervous system.

See Methylphenidate and Neuron

Neuroprotection

Neuroprotection refers to the relative preservation of neuronal structure and/or function.

See Methylphenidate and Neuroprotection

Neurotransmitter

A neurotransmitter is a signaling molecule secreted by a neuron to affect another cell across a synapse.

See Methylphenidate and Neurotransmitter

Neurotransmitter transporter

Neurotransmitter transporters are a class of membrane transport proteins that span the cellular membranes of neurons.

See Methylphenidate and Neurotransmitter transporter

Nicotine

Nicotine is a naturally produced alkaloid in the nightshade family of plants (most predominantly in tobacco and Duboisia hopwoodii) and is widely used recreationally as a stimulant and anxiolytic. Methylphenidate and Nicotine are Euphoriants and stimulants.

See Methylphenidate and Nicotine

Nightmare

A nightmare, also known as a bad dream, Retrieved 11 July 2016.

See Methylphenidate and Nightmare

Nootropic

Nootropics (or; but not or, which are common mispronunciations), colloquially brain supplements, smart drugs and cognitive enhancers, are natural, semisynthetic or synthetic compounds which purportedly improve cognitive functions, such as executive functions, attention or memory. Methylphenidate and Nootropic are Nootropics.

See Methylphenidate and Nootropic

Norepinephrine

Norepinephrine (NE), also called noradrenaline (NA) or noradrenalin, is an organic chemical in the catecholamine family that functions in the brain and body as a hormone, neurotransmitter and neuromodulator.

See Methylphenidate and Norepinephrine

Norepinephrine transporter

The norepinephrine transporter (NET), also known as noradrenaline transporter (NAT), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the solute carrier family 6 member 2 (SLC6A2) gene.

See Methylphenidate and Norepinephrine transporter

Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor

A norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) is a drug used for the treatment of clinical depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and the management of Parkinson's disease. Methylphenidate and norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor are norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors.

See Methylphenidate and Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor

Novartis

Novartis AG is a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical corporation based in Basel, Switzerland.

See Methylphenidate and Novartis

Off-label use

Off-label use is the use of pharmaceutical drugs for an unapproved indication or in an unapproved age group, dosage, or route of administration.

See Methylphenidate and Off-label use

Ophthalmology

Ophthalmology is a clinical and surgical specialty within medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders.

See Methylphenidate and Ophthalmology

Opioid

Opioids are a class of drugs that derive from, or mimic, natural substances found in the opium poppy plant.

See Methylphenidate and Opioid

Optical rotation

Optical rotation, also known as polarization rotation or circular birefringence, is the rotation of the orientation of the plane of polarization about the optical axis of linearly polarized light as it travels through certain materials.

See Methylphenidate and Optical rotation

Oral administration

| name.

See Methylphenidate and Oral administration

Osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system

The osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system (OROS) is an advanced controlled release oral drug delivery system in the form of a rigid tablet with a semi-permeable outer membrane and one or more small laser drilled holes in it.

See Methylphenidate and Osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system

Palpitations

Palpitations are perceived abnormalities of the heartbeat characterized by awareness of cardiac muscle contractions in the chest, which is further characterized by the hard, fast and/or irregular beatings of the heart.

See Methylphenidate and Palpitations

Paranoia

Paranoia is an instinct or thought process that is believed to be heavily influenced by anxiety, suspicion, or fear, often to the point of delusion and irrationality.

See Methylphenidate and Paranoia

Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD), or simply Parkinson's, is a long-term neurodegenerative disease of mainly the central nervous system that affects both the motor and non-motor systems of the body.

See Methylphenidate and Parkinson's disease

Performance-enhancing substance

Performance-enhancing substances, also known as performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs), are substances that are used to improve any form of activity performance in humans. Methylphenidate and performance-enhancing substance are Ergogenic aids and Nootropics.

See Methylphenidate and Performance-enhancing substance

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacodynamics (PD) is the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs (especially pharmaceutical drugs).

See Methylphenidate and Pharmacodynamics

Pharmascience

Pharmascience Inc.

See Methylphenidate and Pharmascience

Phenethylamine

Phenethylamine (PEA) is an organic compound, natural monoamine alkaloid, and trace amine, which acts as a central nervous system stimulant in humans. Methylphenidate and Phenethylamine are Euphoriants and stimulants.

See Methylphenidate and Phenethylamine

Piperidine

Piperidine is an organic compound with the molecular formula (CH2)5NH.

See Methylphenidate and Piperidine

Prefrontal cortex

In mammalian brain anatomy, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) covers the front part of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex.

See Methylphenidate and Prefrontal cortex

Prenatal development

Prenatal development involves the development of the embryo and of the fetus during a viviparous animal's gestation.

See Methylphenidate and Prenatal development

Priapism

Priapism is a condition in which a penis remains erect for hours in the absence of stimulation or after stimulation has ended.

See Methylphenidate and Priapism

Propofol

Propofol is the active component of an intravenous anesthetic formulation used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia.

See Methylphenidate and Propofol

Psychological dependence

Psychological dependence is a cognitive disorder that involves emotional–motivational withdrawal symptoms – such as anxiety or anhedonia – upon cessation of prolonged drug abuse or certain repetitive behaviors.

See Methylphenidate and Psychological dependence

Psychomotor agitation

Psychomotor agitation is a symptom in various disorders and health conditions.

See Methylphenidate and Psychomotor agitation

Psychosis

Psychosis is a condition of the mind or psyche that results in difficulties determining what is real and what is not real.

See Methylphenidate and Psychosis

Pulse

In medicine, a pulse represents the tactile arterial palpation of the cardiac cycle (heartbeat) by fingertips.

See Methylphenidate and Pulse

Racemic mixture

In chemistry, a racemic mixture or racemate is one that has equal amounts of left- and right-handed enantiomers of a chiral molecule or salt.

See Methylphenidate and Racemic mixture

Rash

A rash is a change of the skin that affects its color, appearance, or texture.

See Methylphenidate and Rash

Reactive oxygen species

In chemistry and biology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemicals formed from diatomic oxygen, water, and hydrogen peroxide.

See Methylphenidate and Reactive oxygen species

Recreational drug use

Recreational drug use is the use of one or more psychoactive drugs to induce an altered state of consciousness, either for pleasure or for some other casual purpose or pastime.

See Methylphenidate and Recreational drug use

Rectal administration

Rectal administration (colloquially known as boofing or plugging) uses the rectum as a route of administration for medication and other fluids, which are absorbed by the rectum's blood vessels,The rectum has numerous blood vessels available to absorb drugs: upwards 2/3rds of the dose bypasses first-pass metabolism through systemic distribution and the rest is taken through the liver and metabolized via the hepatic portal system.

See Methylphenidate and Rectal administration

Reuptake

Reuptake is the reabsorption of a neurotransmitter by a neurotransmitter transporter located along the plasma membrane of an axon terminal (i.e., the pre-synaptic neuron at a synapse) or glial cell after it has performed its function of transmitting a neural impulse.

See Methylphenidate and Reuptake

Reuptake inhibitor

Reuptake inhibitors (RIs) are a type of reuptake modulators.

See Methylphenidate and Reuptake inhibitor

Reward system

The reward system (the mesocorticolimbic circuit) is a group of neural structures responsible for incentive salience (i.e., "wanting"; desire or craving for a reward and motivation), associative learning (primarily positive reinforcement and classical conditioning), and positively-valenced emotions, particularly ones involving pleasure as a core component (e.g., joy, euphoria and ecstasy).

See Methylphenidate and Reward system

Rhabdomyolysis

Rhabdomyolysis (shortened as rhabdo) is a condition in which damaged skeletal muscle breaks down rapidly, often due to high intensity exercise over a short period of time.

See Methylphenidate and Rhabdomyolysis

Ritalinic acid

Ritalinic acid is a substituted phenethylamine and an inactive major metabolite of the psychostimulant drugs methylphenidate, dexmethylphenidate and ethylphenidate. Methylphenidate and Ritalinic acid are 2-Benzylpiperidines and 2-Piperidinyl compounds.

See Methylphenidate and Ritalinic acid

Salience (neuroscience)

Salience (also called saliency) is the property by which some thing stands out.

See Methylphenidate and Salience (neuroscience)

Schedule X

Schedule X is a class of prescription drugs in India appearing as an appendix to the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules introduced in 1945.

See Methylphenidate and Schedule X

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of drugs that are typically used as antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and other psychological conditions.

See Methylphenidate and Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Serotonin

Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter.

See Methylphenidate and Serotonin

Serotonin syndrome

Serotonin syndrome (SS) is a group of symptoms that may occur with the use of certain serotonergic medications or drugs.

See Methylphenidate and Serotonin syndrome

Serotonin transporter

The serotonin transporter (SERT or 5-HTT) also known as the sodium-dependent serotonin transporter and solute carrier family 6 member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC6A4 gene. Methylphenidate and serotonin transporter are biology of bipolar disorder.

See Methylphenidate and Serotonin transporter

Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor

A serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI), also known as a triple reuptake inhibitor (TRI), is a type of drug that acts as a combined reuptake inhibitor of the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.

See Methylphenidate and Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor

Shock (circulatory)

Shock is the state of insufficient blood flow to the tissues of the body as a result of problems with the circulatory system.

See Methylphenidate and Shock (circulatory)

Side effect

In medicine, a side effect is an effect, whether therapeutic or adverse, that is unintended; although the term is predominantly employed to describe adverse effects, it can also apply to beneficial, but unintended, consequences of the use of a drug.

See Methylphenidate and Side effect

Sleep disorder

A sleep disorder, or somnipathy, is a medical disorder of an individual's sleep patterns.

See Methylphenidate and Sleep disorder

Social anxiety disorder

Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is an anxiety disorder characterized by sentiments of fear and anxiety in social situations, causing considerable distress and impairing ability to function in at least some aspects of daily life.

See Methylphenidate and Social anxiety disorder

Somnolence

Somnolence (alternatively sleepiness or drowsiness) is a state of strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods (compare hypersomnia).

See Methylphenidate and Somnolence

State school

A state school, public school, or government school is a primary or secondary school that educates all students without charge.

See Methylphenidate and State school

Stereocenter

In stereochemistry, a stereocenter of a molecule is an atom (center), axis or plane that is the focus of stereoisomerism; that is, when having at least three different groups bound to the stereocenter, interchanging any two different groups creates a new stereoisomer.

See Methylphenidate and Stereocenter

Stereotypy

A stereotypy is a repetitive or ritualistic movement, posture, or utterance.

See Methylphenidate and Stereotypy

Stimulant

Stimulants (also known as central nervous system stimulants, or psychostimulants, or colloquially as uppers) are a class of drugs that increase the activity of the brain. Methylphenidate and stimulant are stimulants.

See Methylphenidate and Stimulant

Stimulant maintenance

Stimulant maintenance is the medical practice of prescribing stimulant substances such as cocaine or amphetamines to people who are dependent on these drugs.

See Methylphenidate and Stimulant maintenance

Stimulant psychosis

Stimulant psychosis is a mental disorder characterized by psychotic symptoms (such as hallucinations, paranoid ideation, delusions, disorganized thinking, grossly disorganized behaviour). Methylphenidate and Stimulant psychosis are biology of bipolar disorder.

See Methylphenidate and Stimulant psychosis

Stimulant use disorder

Stimulant use disorder is a type of substance use disorder where the use of stimulants caused clinically significant impairment or distress.

See Methylphenidate and Stimulant use disorder

Striatum

The striatum (striata) or corpus striatum is a cluster of interconnected nuclei that make up the largest structure of the subcortical basal ganglia.

See Methylphenidate and Striatum

Stroke

Stroke (also known as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or brain attack) is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain causes cell death.

See Methylphenidate and Stroke

Structural formula

The structural formula of a chemical compound is a graphic representation of the molecular structure (determined by structural chemistry methods), showing how the atoms are possibly arranged in the real three-dimensional space.

See Methylphenidate and Structural formula

Sublingual administration

Sublingual (abbreviated SL), from the Latin for "under the tongue", refers to the pharmacological route of administration by which substances diffuse into the blood through tissues under the tongue.

See Methylphenidate and Sublingual administration

Substance use disorder

Substance use disorder (SUD) is the persistent use of drugs despite the substantial harm and adverse consequences to one's own self and others, as a result of their use.

See Methylphenidate and Substance use disorder

Substituted phenethylamine

Substituted phenethylamines (or simply phenethylamines) are a chemical class of organic compounds that are based upon the phenethylamine structure; the class is composed of all the derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents.

See Methylphenidate and Substituted phenethylamine

Suicidal ideation

Suicidal ideation, or suicidal thoughts, is the thought process of having ideas, or ruminations about the possibility of completing suicide.

See Methylphenidate and Suicidal ideation

Summary offence

A summary offence or petty offence is a violation in some common law jurisdictions that can be proceeded against summarily, without the right to a jury trial and/or indictment (required for an indictable offence).

See Methylphenidate and Summary offence

Suspension (chemistry)

In chemistry, a suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of a fluid that contains solid particles sufficiently large for sedimentation.

See Methylphenidate and Suspension (chemistry)

Synapse

In the nervous system, a synapse is a structure that permits a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron or to the target effector cell.

See Methylphenidate and Synapse

Systematic review

A systematic review is a scholarly synthesis of the evidence on a clearly presented topic using critical methods to identify, define and assess research on the topic.

See Methylphenidate and Systematic review

TAAR1

Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a trace amine-associated receptor (TAAR) protein that in humans is encoded by the TAAR1 gene.

See Methylphenidate and TAAR1

Tachycardia

Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate.

See Methylphenidate and Tachycardia

Teratology

Teratology is the study of abnormalities of physiological development in organisms during their life span.

See Methylphenidate and Teratology

Terminal illness

Terminal illness or end-stage disease is a disease that cannot be cured or adequately treated and is expected to result in the death of the patient.

See Methylphenidate and Terminal illness

Teva Pharmaceuticals

Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. (also known as Teva Pharmaceuticals) is an Israeli multinational pharmaceutical company.

See Methylphenidate and Teva Pharmaceuticals

Therapy

A therapy or medical treatment is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a medical diagnosis.

See Methylphenidate and Therapy

Tic

A tic is a sudden and repetitive motor movement or vocalization that is not rhythmic and involves discrete muscle groups.

See Methylphenidate and Tic

Transdermal

Transdermal is a route of administration wherein active ingredients are delivered across the skin for systemic distribution.

See Methylphenidate and Transdermal

Transdermal patch

A transdermal patch is a medicated adhesive patch that is placed on the skin to deliver a specific dose of medication through the skin and into the bloodstream.

See Methylphenidate and Transdermal patch

Transesterification

Transesterification is the process of exchanging the organic functional group R″ of an ester with the organic group R' of an alcohol.

See Methylphenidate and Transesterification

Treatment-resistant depression

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a form of major depressive disorder (MDD) in which an affected person does not respond adequately to a course of appropriate antidepressant medication.

See Methylphenidate and Treatment-resistant depression

Tremor

A tremor is an involuntary, somewhat rhythmic, muscle contraction and relaxation involving oscillations or twitching movements of one or more body parts.

See Methylphenidate and Tremor

Tricyclic antidepressant

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are a class of medications that are used primarily as antidepressants.

See Methylphenidate and Tricyclic antidepressant

UCB (company)

UCB (Union Chimique Belge) is a multinational biopharmaceutical company headquartered in Brussels, Belgium.

See Methylphenidate and UCB (company)

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.

See Methylphenidate and United Kingdom

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (UIUC, U of I, Illinois, or University of Illinois) is a public land-grant research university in the Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area, Illinois, United States.

See Methylphenidate and University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Urine

Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many other animals.

See Methylphenidate and Urine

Vesicular monoamine transporter 2

The solute carrier family 18 member 2 (SLC18A2) also known as vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC18A2 gene.

See Methylphenidate and Vesicular monoamine transporter 2

Viatris

Viatris Inc. is an American global pharmaceutical and healthcare corporation headquartered in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania.

See Methylphenidate and Viatris

Vitamin K antagonist

Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) are a group of substances that reduce blood clotting by reducing the action of vitamin K. The term "vitamin K antagonist" is technically a misnomer, as the drugs do not directly antagonize the action of vitamin K in the pharmacological sense, but rather the recycling of vitamin K.

See Methylphenidate and Vitamin K antagonist

Vomiting

Vomiting (also known as emesis and throwing up) is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose.

See Methylphenidate and Vomiting

Wakefulness

Wakefulness is a daily recurring brain state and state of consciousness in which an individual is conscious and engages in coherent cognitive and behavioral responses to the external world.

See Methylphenidate and Wakefulness

Weakness

Weakness is a symptom of many different medical conditions.

See Methylphenidate and Weakness

Weight loss

Weight loss, in the context of medicine, health, or physical fitness, refers to a reduction of the total body mass, by a mean loss of fluid, body fat (adipose tissue), or lean mass (namely bone mineral deposits, muscle, tendon, and other connective tissue).

See Methylphenidate and Weight loss

WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (aka Essential Medicines List or EML), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe to meet the most important needs in a health system.

See Methylphenidate and WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

Working memory

Working memory is a cognitive system with a limited capacity that can hold information temporarily.

See Methylphenidate and Working memory

World Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health.

See Methylphenidate and World Health Organization

Xerostomia

Xerostomia, also known as dry mouth, is a subjective complaint of dryness in the mouth, which may be associated with a change in the composition of saliva, or reduced salivary flow, or have no identifiable cause.

See Methylphenidate and Xerostomia

2-Benzylpiperidine

2-Benzylpiperidine is a stimulant drug of the piperidine class. Methylphenidate and 2-Benzylpiperidine are 2-Benzylpiperidines, 2-Piperidinyl compounds and stimulants.

See Methylphenidate and 2-Benzylpiperidine

5-HT1A receptor

The serotonin 1A receptor (or 5-HT1A receptor) is a subtype of serotonin receptors, or 5-HT receptors, that binds serotonin, also known as 5-HT, a neurotransmitter.

See Methylphenidate and 5-HT1A receptor

5-HT2B receptor

5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B (5-HT2B) also known as serotonin receptor 2B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HTR2B gene.

See Methylphenidate and 5-HT2B receptor

See also

2-Benzylpiperidines

2-Piperidinyl compounds

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management

Ergogenic aids

Vasoconstrictors

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylphenidate

Also known as 4311/B Ciba, APTENSIO, ATC code N06BA04, ATCvet code QN06BA04, Adhansia XR, Adhd patch, Aptensio XR, Artige, Attenta, Biphentin, Calocain, Centedein, Centedrin, Centedrine, Centredin, Concerta, Concerta XL, Cotempla, Daytrana, Equasym, Equasym XL, Foquest, Hynidate, Levomethylphenidate, Medikinet, Meridil, Metadate, Metadate CD, Metadate ER, Methylfenidate, Methylin, Methylin ER, Methylofenidan, Methylpenidate, Methylphenidan, Methylphenidate ER, Methylphenidate Hydrochloride, Methylphenidate hcl, Methylphenidates, Methypatch, PMS-Methylphenidate, Plimasine, Quasym, Quillichew, Quillichew Er, Quillivant, Quillivant XR, Relexxii, Ridalin, Riddalin, Riddlen, Ridolin, Rilatine, Riphenidate, Ritalin, Ritalin LA, Ritalin SR, Ritalin-SR, Ritalina, Ritaline, Ritcher Works, Ritilin, Rubifen.

, Central nervous system, Charles Bradley (medical doctor), Chemical synthesis, Chills, Chronic condition, Cigarette, Citalopram, Clinical trial, Cmax (pharmacology), Cocaethylene, Cocaine, Cocaine dependence, Cochrane Library, Cognition, Coma, Comorbidity, Concomitant drug, Congenital heart defect, Contraindication, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, Controlled substance, Convention on Psychotropic Substances, Convulsion, CYP2C19, Delirium, Depression (mood), Derivative (chemistry), Dexmethylphenidate, Diastereomer, Diário Oficial da União, Diplopia, Dissociation constant, Dizziness, Dopamine, Dopamine receptor D1, Dopamine reuptake inhibitor, Dopamine transporter, Dopaminergic, Drug Enforcement Administration, Drug injection, Drug titration, Drug withdrawal, Dyskinesia, Dysphoria, Enantiomer, Enantiopure drug, Endurance, Epimer, Episodic memory, Ethanol, Ethylphenidate, Euphoria, European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Executive functions, Fatigue, Fever, First pass effect, Flushing (physiology), Food and Drug Administration, G protein-coupled receptor, Gastrointestinal tract, Gateway drug effect, Generic drug, Glaucoma, Glossary of medicine, Grading in education, Hallucination, Headache, Health Canada, Heart, Hepatotoxicity, HIV, Hives, Hospira, Human brain, Hyperhidrosis, Hyperreflexia, Hypersensitivity, Hypertension, Hyperthermia, Hypomania, IC50, Indirect agonist, Informed consent, Inhibitory control, Insomnia, Intravenous therapy, Irritability, Isomer, Lethargy, Ligand (biochemistry), Liver, Local anesthetic, Locus coeruleus, Logorrhea (psychology), Magnetic resonance imaging, Major depressive disorder, Mallinckrodt, Malpractice, Mania, Mechanism of action, Medical error, Medical test, Mesocortical pathway, Mesolimbic pathway, Meta-analysis, Metabolism, Metabolite, Methamphetamine, Methylphenidate, Mixture, Modified-release dosage, Monoamine neurotransmitter, Monoamine releasing agent, Monoamine transporter, Mucous membrane, Multiple Sleep Latency Test, Mydriasis, Myocardial infarction, Narcolepsy, Nasal administration, Nausea, Necrosis, Nervous system, Neuron, Neuroprotection, Neurotransmitter, Neurotransmitter transporter, Nicotine, Nightmare, Nootropic, Norepinephrine, Norepinephrine transporter, Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor, Novartis, Off-label use, Ophthalmology, Opioid, Optical rotation, Oral administration, Osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system, Palpitations, Paranoia, Parkinson's disease, Performance-enhancing substance, Pharmacodynamics, Pharmascience, Phenethylamine, Piperidine, Prefrontal cortex, Prenatal development, Priapism, Propofol, Psychological dependence, Psychomotor agitation, Psychosis, Pulse, Racemic mixture, Rash, Reactive oxygen species, Recreational drug use, Rectal administration, Reuptake, Reuptake inhibitor, Reward system, Rhabdomyolysis, Ritalinic acid, Salience (neuroscience), Schedule X, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Serotonin, Serotonin syndrome, Serotonin transporter, Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor, Shock (circulatory), Side effect, Sleep disorder, Social anxiety disorder, Somnolence, State school, Stereocenter, Stereotypy, Stimulant, Stimulant maintenance, Stimulant psychosis, Stimulant use disorder, Striatum, Stroke, Structural formula, Sublingual administration, Substance use disorder, Substituted phenethylamine, Suicidal ideation, Summary offence, Suspension (chemistry), Synapse, Systematic review, TAAR1, Tachycardia, Teratology, Terminal illness, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Therapy, Tic, Transdermal, Transdermal patch, Transesterification, Treatment-resistant depression, Tremor, Tricyclic antidepressant, UCB (company), United Kingdom, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urine, Vesicular monoamine transporter 2, Viatris, Vitamin K antagonist, Vomiting, Wakefulness, Weakness, Weight loss, WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, Working memory, World Health Organization, Xerostomia, 2-Benzylpiperidine, 5-HT1A receptor, 5-HT2B receptor.