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Milestone

Index Milestone

A milestone is one of a series of numbered markers placed along a road or boundary at intervals of one mile or occasionally, parts of a mile. [1]

125 relations: A350 road, A360 road, A5130 road, A514 road, Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak, Afghan (ethnonym), Akbar, Akbarnama, Ancient Greek technology, Ancient Rome, Anno Domini, Appian Way, Arizona, B1149 road, B3306 road, Batemans Bay, Blue Ridge Parkway, Border, Boston Post Road, Boundary marker, Boundary Markers of the Original District of Columbia, Broughton, Milton Keynes, Byzantine Empire, Chain (unit), Charing Cross, Chellaston, City, Concrete, Constantinople, Cornwall, Corpusty, County, Crown Colony of Malta, Derby, Distance, Driver location sign, Eleanor cross, Europe, Fife, Florida Keys, Frederick VII of Denmark, Furlong, Granite, Great Road Historic District, Haridwar, Harvard Square, Highway, Highway location marker, Highways England, Hindustan Times, ..., Illinois, Incident report, India, Interstate Highway System, Kentucky, Kilometre zero, Kilometric point, Kingston, Massachusetts, Kos (unit), Land's End Airport, Latin, Linear referencing, List of motorways in the United Kingdom, London, Longbridge Deverill, Malta at War Museum, Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, Marble, Maryland, Median strip, Mellieħa, Metrication, Metrication in Australia, Milepost equation, Milion, Milliarium Aureum, Minaret, Missouri, Mughal Empire, Myanmar, National Highway (India), Norfolk, North Carolina, Number, Obelisk, Odometer, Operation Herkules, Overseas Highway, Oxford University Press, Parting stone, Peleg Arnold, Potterne, Reassurance marker, Rhode Island, Rhodesia, Road, Rock (geology), Roman Empire, Roman roads, Royal cypher, Scenic route, Sher Shah Suri, Skanderborg, Staffordshire, Survey marker, Surveying, Sutton, London, Swieqi, The Times of India, Town, Trail blazing, Travel, Turnpike trusts, U.S. state, United Kingdom, United States, Uttarakhand, Virginia, Washington, D.C., Wiltshire, World War II, Yangon–Mandalay Expressway, Zero Milestone, Zimbabwe, 42nd parallel north. Expand index (75 more) »

A350 road

The A350 is a north-south primary route in southern England, that runs from the M4 motorway in Wiltshire to Poole in Dorset.

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A360 road

The A360 is a minor A road in Wiltshire, England, running from Devizes to Salisbury, through the villages of Potterne, West Lavington, Tilshead, and Shrewton, and passing near the Stonehenge ancient monument.

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A5130 road

The A5130 is a road in the United Kingdom.

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A514 road

The A514 road is a road in England.

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Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak

Shaikh Abu al-Fazal ibn Mubarak (ابو الفضل) also known as Abu'l-Fazl, Abu'l Fadl and Abu'l-Fadl 'Allami (14 January 1551 – 12 August 1602) was the Grand vizier of the Mughal emperor Akbar, and author of the Akbarnama, the official history of Akbar's reign in three volumes, (the third volume is known as the Ain-i-Akbari) and a Persian translation of the Bible.

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Afghan (ethnonym)

The ethnonym Afghan (افغان) has been used in the past to denote a member of the Pashtuns, by Muhammad Qāsim Hindū Šāh Astarābādī Firištah, The Packard Humanities Institute Persian Texts in Translation.

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Akbar

Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (15 October 1542– 27 October 1605), popularly known as Akbar I, was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605.

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Akbarnama

The Akbarnama which translates to Book of Akbar, is the official chronicle of the reign of Akbar, the third Mughal Emperor (r. 1556–1605), commissioned by Akbar himself by his court historian and biographer, Abul Fazl who was one of the nine jewels in Akbar's court.

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Ancient Greek technology

Ancient Greek technology developed during the 5th century BC, continuing up to and including the Roman period, and beyond.

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Ancient Rome

In historiography, ancient Rome is Roman civilization from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire until the fall of the western empire.

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Anno Domini

The terms anno Domini (AD) and before Christ (BC) are used to label or number years in the Julian and Gregorian calendars.

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Appian Way

The Appian Way (Latin and Italian: Via Appia) is one of the earliest and strategically most important Roman roads of the ancient republic.

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Arizona

Arizona (Hoozdo Hahoodzo; Alĭ ṣonak) is a U.S. state in the southwestern region of the United States.

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B1149 road

The B1149 is the most direct route between the town of Holt and the city of Norwich in the county of Norfolk, England.

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B3306 road

The B3306, also known as the West Cornwall Coast Road, is a major road of southwestern Cornwall.

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Batemans Bay

Batemans Bay is a town in the South Coast region of the state of New South Wales, Australia.

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Blue Ridge Parkway

The Blue Ridge Parkway is a National Parkway and All-American Road in the United States, noted for its scenic beauty.

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Border

Borders are geographic boundaries of political entities or legal jurisdictions, such as governments, sovereign states, federated states, and other subnational entities.

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Boston Post Road

The Boston Post Road was a system of mail-delivery routes between New York City and Boston, Massachusetts that evolved into one of the first major highways in the United States.

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Boundary marker

A boundary marker, border marker, boundary stone, or border stone is a robust physical marker that identifies the start of a land boundary or the change in a boundary, especially a change in direction of a boundary.

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Boundary Markers of the Original District of Columbia

The Boundary Markers of the Original District of Columbia are the 40 milestones that marked the four lines forming the boundaries between the states of Maryland and Virginia and the square of 100 square miles (259 km²) of federal territory that became the District of Columbia in 1801 (see: Founding of Washington, D.C.). Working under the supervision of three commissioners that President George Washington had appointed in 1790 in accordance with the federal Residence Act of 1790, a survey team that Major Andrew Ellicott led placed these markers in 1791 and 1792.

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Broughton, Milton Keynes

Broughton is a historic village in North Buckinghamshire that has been a constituent element of Milton Keynes since the latter's designation in 1967; a civil parish; and modernly a suburb and new district of the 'city'.

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Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium).

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Chain (unit)

A chain is a unit of length that measures 66 feet, 22 yards, 100 links,or 4 rods (20.1168 m).

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Charing Cross

Charing Cross is a junction in London, England, where six routes meet.

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Chellaston

Chellaston is a suburb in the south of the City of Derby, which is in the East Midlands of England.

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City

A city is a large human settlement.

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Concrete

Concrete, usually Portland cement concrete, is a composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement (cement paste) that hardens over time—most frequently a lime-based cement binder, such as Portland cement, but sometimes with other hydraulic cements, such as a calcium aluminate cement.

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Constantinople

Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis; Constantinopolis) was the capital city of the Roman/Byzantine Empire (330–1204 and 1261–1453), and also of the brief Latin (1204–1261), and the later Ottoman (1453–1923) empires.

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Cornwall

Cornwall (Kernow) is a county in South West England in the United Kingdom.

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Corpusty

Corpusty is a village and civil parish in North Norfolk, Norfolk in eastern England.

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County

A county is a geographical region of a country used for administrative or other purposes,Chambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations.

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Crown Colony of Malta

The Crown Colony of the Island of Malta and its Dependencies (commonly known as the Crown Colony of Malta) was a British colony in the present-day Republic of Malta.

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Derby

Derby is a city and unitary authority area in Derbyshire, England.

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Distance

Distance is a numerical measurement of how far apart objects are.

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Driver location sign

Driver location signs are signs placed every along each side of English motorways, and some other major English roads, to provide information that will allow motorists to know their precise location.

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Eleanor cross

The Eleanor crosses were a series of twelve lavishly decorated stone monuments topped with tall crosses, of which three survive nearly intact, in a line down part of the east of England.

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Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

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Fife

Fife (Fìobha) is a council area and historic county of Scotland.

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Florida Keys

The Florida Keys are a coral cay archipelago located off the southern coast of Florida, forming the southernmost portion of the continental United States.

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Frederick VII of Denmark

Frederick VII (Frederik Carl Christian) (6 October 1808 – 15 November 1863) was King of Denmark from 1848 to 1863.

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Furlong

A furlong is a measure of distance in imperial units and U.S. customary units equal to one eighth of a mile, equivalent to 660 feet, 220 yards, 40 rods, or 10 chains.

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Granite

Granite is a common type of felsic intrusive igneous rock that is granular and phaneritic in texture.

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Great Road Historic District

The Great Road Historic District is a historic district in Lincoln, Rhode Island, commemorating a portion of Rhode Island's oldest highway, dating back to 1683.

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Haridwar

Haridwar (pron:ˈ), also spelled Hardwar, is an ancient city and municipality in the Haridwar district of Uttarakhand, India.

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Harvard Square

Harvard Square is a triangular plaza at the intersection of Massachusetts Avenue, Brattle Street, and John F. Kennedy Street, near the center of Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.

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Highway

A highway is any public or private road or other public way on land.

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Highway location marker

A highway location marker is the modern-day US equivalent of a milestone.

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Highways England

Highways England (formerly the Highways Agency) is the government-owned company charged with operating, maintaining and improving England's motorways and major A roads.

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Hindustan Times

Hindustan Times is an Indian English-language daily newspaper founded in 1924 with roots in the Indian independence movement of the period ("Hindustan" being a historical name for India).

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Illinois

Illinois is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.

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Incident report

In a health care facility, such as a hospital, nursing home, or assisted living, an incident report or accident report is a form that is filled out in order to record details of an unusual event that occurs at the facility, such as an injury to a patient.

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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Interstate Highway System

The Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly known as the Interstate Highway System, is a network of controlled-access highways that forms part of the National Highway System in the United States.

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Kentucky

Kentucky, officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state located in the east south-central region of the United States.

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Kilometre zero

In many countries, Kilometre Zero (also written km 0) or similar terms in other languages (also known as zero mile marker, control stations or control points) is a particular location (usually in the nation's capital city) from which distances are traditionally measured.

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Kilometric point

A "kilometric point" (Point kilométrique, Punto kilométrico; PK) is a term used in metricated areas, especially in France and Spain, to provide reference points alongside a transport route such as a road, a railway line or a canal.

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Kingston, Massachusetts

Kingston is a coastal town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States.

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Kos (unit)

The kos (Sanskrit: कोस), also spelled Kosh, Krosh, krosha and Koss, is an ancient Indian subcontinental Arthashastra standard unit of distance, since at least 4 BCE.

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Land's End Airport

Land's End Airport, situated near St Just in Penwith, west of Penzance, in Cornwall, is the most south westerly airport of mainland Britain.

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Latin

Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Linear referencing

Linear referencing (also called linear reference system or linear referencing system or LRS), is a method of spatial referencing, in which the locations of features are described in terms of measurements along a linear element, from a defined starting point, for example a milestone along a road.

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List of motorways in the United Kingdom

The list of motorways in the United Kingdom is a complete list of motorways in the United Kingdom.

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London

London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.

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Longbridge Deverill

Longbridge Deverill is a village and civil parish about south of Warminster in Wiltshire, England.

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Malta at War Museum

The Malta at War Museum is a museum in Birgu, Malta, which is dedicated to Malta's role in World War II.

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Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices

The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) is a document issued by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) to specify the standards by which traffic signs, road surface markings, and signals are designed, installed, and used.

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Marble

Marble is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite.

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Maryland

Maryland is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C. to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east.

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Median strip

The median strip or central reservation is the reserved area that separates opposing lanes of traffic on divided roadways, such as divided highways, dual carriageways, freeways, and motorways.

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Mellieħa

Mellieħa (il-Mellieħa) is a large village or small town in the Northern Region of Malta.

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Metrication

Metrication or metrification is conversion to the metric system of units of measurement.

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Metrication in Australia

Metrication in Australia effectively began in 1966 with the conversion to decimal currency under the auspices of the Decimal Currency Board.

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Milepost equation

A milepost equation, milepoint equation, or postmile equation is a place where mileposts on a linear feature, such as a highway or rail line, fail to increase normally, usually due to realignment or changes in planned alignment.

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Milion

The Milion (Μίλιον or Μίλλιον, Míllion; Milyon taşı) was a monument erected in the early 4th century AD in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, Turkey).

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Milliarium Aureum

The Milliarium Aureum (Miliario Aureo), also known by the translation Golden Milestone, was a monument, probably of marble or gilded bronze, erected by the Emperor Caesar Augustus near the Temple of Saturn in the central Forum of Ancient Rome.

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Minaret

Minaret (مناره, minarə, minare), from منارة, "lighthouse", also known as Goldaste (گلدسته), is a distinctive architectural structure akin to a tower and typically found adjacent to mosques.

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Missouri

Missouri is a state in the Midwestern United States.

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Mughal Empire

The Mughal Empire (گورکانیان, Gūrkāniyān)) or Mogul Empire was an empire in the Indian subcontinent, founded in 1526. It was established and ruled by a Muslim dynasty with Turco-Mongol Chagatai roots from Central Asia, but with significant Indian Rajput and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances; only the first two Mughal emperors were fully Central Asian, while successive emperors were of predominantly Rajput and Persian ancestry. The dynasty was Indo-Persian in culture, combining Persianate culture with local Indian cultural influences visible in its traits and customs. The Mughal Empire at its peak extended over nearly all of the Indian subcontinent and parts of Afghanistan. It was the second largest empire to have existed in the Indian subcontinent, spanning approximately four million square kilometres at its zenith, after only the Maurya Empire, which spanned approximately five million square kilometres. The Mughal Empire ushered in a period of proto-industrialization, and around the 17th century, Mughal India became the world's largest economic power, accounting for 24.4% of world GDP, and the world leader in manufacturing, producing 25% of global industrial output up until the 18th century. The Mughal Empire is considered "India's last golden age" and one of the three Islamic Gunpowder Empires (along with the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia). The beginning of the empire is conventionally dated to the victory by its founder Babur over Ibrahim Lodi, the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, in the First Battle of Panipat (1526). The Mughal emperors had roots in the Turco-Mongol Timurid dynasty of Central Asia, claiming direct descent from both Genghis Khan (founder of the Mongol Empire, through his son Chagatai Khan) and Timur (Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire). During the reign of Humayun, the successor of Babur, the empire was briefly interrupted by the Sur Empire. The "classic period" of the Mughal Empire started in 1556 with the ascension of Akbar the Great to the throne. Under the rule of Akbar and his son Jahangir, the region enjoyed economic progress as well as religious harmony, and the monarchs were interested in local religious and cultural traditions. Akbar was a successful warrior who also forged alliances with several Hindu Rajput kingdoms. Some Rajput kingdoms continued to pose a significant threat to the Mughal dominance of northwestern India, but most of them were subdued by Akbar. All Mughal emperors were Muslims; Akbar, however, propounded a syncretic religion in the latter part of his life called Dīn-i Ilāhī, as recorded in historical books like Ain-i-Akbari and Dabistān-i Mazāhib. The Mughal Empire did not try to intervene in the local societies during most of its existence, but rather balanced and pacified them through new administrative practices and diverse and inclusive ruling elites, leading to more systematic, centralised, and uniform rule. Traditional and newly coherent social groups in northern and western India, such as the Maratha Empire|Marathas, the Rajputs, the Pashtuns, the Hindu Jats and the Sikhs, gained military and governing ambitions during Mughal rule, which, through collaboration or adversity, gave them both recognition and military experience. The reign of Shah Jahan, the fifth emperor, between 1628 and 1658, was the zenith of Mughal architecture. He erected several large monuments, the best known of which is the Taj Mahal at Agra, as well as the Moti Masjid, Agra, the Red Fort, the Badshahi Mosque, the Jama Masjid, Delhi, and the Lahore Fort. The Mughal Empire reached the zenith of its territorial expanse during the reign of Aurangzeb and also started its terminal decline in his reign due to Maratha military resurgence under Category:History of Bengal Category:History of West Bengal Category:History of Bangladesh Category:History of Kolkata Category:Empires and kingdoms of Afghanistan Category:Medieval India Category:Historical Turkic states Category:Mongol states Category:1526 establishments in the Mughal Empire Category:1857 disestablishments in the Mughal Empire Category:History of Pakistan.

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Myanmar

Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia.

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National Highway (India)

The national highways network of India is a network of trunk roads that is managed and maintained by CPWD, Central Public Works Department, an agency of the Government of India.

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Norfolk

Norfolk is a county in East Anglia in England.

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North Carolina

North Carolina is a U.S. state in the southeastern region of the United States.

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Number

A number is a mathematical object used to count, measure and also label.

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Obelisk

An obelisk (from ὀβελίσκος obeliskos; diminutive of ὀβελός obelos, "spit, nail, pointed pillar") is a tall, four-sided, narrow tapering monument which ends in a pyramid-like shape or pyramidion at the top.

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Odometer

An odometer or odograph is an instrument used for measuring the distance travelled by a vehicle, such as a bicycle or car.

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Operation Herkules

Operation Herkules (Unternehmen Herkules/Operazione C3) was the German code-name given to an abortive plan for the invasion of Malta during World War II.

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Overseas Highway

The Overseas Highway is a highway carrying U.S. Route 1 (US 1) through the Florida Keys.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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Parting stone

A parting stone is a monument, usually of stone, to either.

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Peleg Arnold

Peleg Arnold (1751–1820) was a lawyer, tavern-keeper, jurist, and statesman from Smithfield, Rhode Island (now North Smithfield).

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Potterne

Potterne is a village and civil parish in the county of Wiltshire, England.

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Reassurance marker

A reassurance marker or confirming marker is a type of traffic sign that confirms the identity of the route being traveled without necessarily providing other information such as distances traveled (as is done by highway location markers), distances to other, or upcoming intersections.

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Rhode Island

Rhode Island, officially the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is a state in the New England region of the United States.

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Rhodesia

Rhodesia was an unrecognised state in southern Africa from 1965 to 1979, equivalent in territory to modern Zimbabwe.

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Road

A road is a thoroughfare, route, or way on land between two places that has been paved or otherwise improved to allow travel by foot or some form of conveyance, including a motor vehicle, cart, bicycle, or horse.

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Rock (geology)

Rock or stone is a natural substance, a solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids.

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Roman Empire

The Roman Empire (Imperium Rōmānum,; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr.) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.

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Roman roads

Roman roads (Latin: viae Romanae; singular: via Romana meaning "Roman way") were physical infrastructure vital to the maintenance and development of the Roman state, and were built from about 300 BC through the expansion and consolidation of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire.

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Royal cypher

In modern heraldry, a royal cypher is a monogram-like device of a country's reigning sovereign, typically consisting of the initials of the monarch's name and title, sometimes interwoven and often surmounted by a crown.

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Scenic route

A scenic route, tourist road, tourist route, tourist drive, holiday route, theme route, or scenic byway is a specially designated road or waterway that travels through an area of natural or cultural beauty.

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Sher Shah Suri

Shēr Shāh Sūrī (1486–22 May 1545), born Farīd Khān, was the founder of the Suri Empire in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, with its capital at Delhi. An ethnic Pashtun, Sher Shah took control of the Mughal Empire in 1538. After his accidental death in 1545, his son Islam Shah became his successor. He first served as a private before rising to become a commander in the Mughal army under Babur and then the governor of Bihar. In 1537, when Babur's son Humayun was elsewhere on an expedition, Sher Shah overran the state of Bengal and established the Suri dynasty. A brilliant strategist, Sher Shah proved himself as a gifted administrator as well as a capable general. His reorganization of the empire laid the foundations for the later Mughal emperors, notably Akbar, son of Humayun. During his seven-year rule from 1538 to 1545, he set up a new civic and military administration, issued the first Rupiya from "Taka" and re-organised the postal system of India. He further developed Humayun's Dina-panah city and named it Shergarh and revived the historical city of Pataliputra, which had been in decline since the 7th century CE, as Patna. He extended the Grand Trunk Road from Chittagong in the frontiers of the province of Bengal in northeast India to Kabul in Afghanistan in the far northwest of the country.

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Skanderborg

Skanderborg is a town in Skanderborg municipality, Denmark.

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Staffordshire

Staffordshire (abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands of England.

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Survey marker

Survey markers, also called survey marks, survey monuments, or geodetic marks, are objects placed to mark key survey points on the Earth's surface.

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Surveying

Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them.

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Sutton, London

Sutton is the principal town of the London Borough of Sutton in South London, England.

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Swieqi

Swieqi (Is-Swieqi) is a town in the Northern Region of Malta.

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The Times of India

The Times of India (TOI) is an Indian English-language daily newspaper owned by The Times Group.

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Town

A town is a human settlement.

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Trail blazing

Trail blazing is to make a mark on a tree by slashing the bark to indicate the direction of a trail through forested wilderness.

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Travel

Travel is the movement of people between distant geographical locations.

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Turnpike trusts

Turnpike trusts were bodies set up by individual acts of Parliament, with powers to collect road tolls for maintaining the principal roads in Britain from the 17th but especially during the 18th and 19th centuries.

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U.S. state

A state is a constituent political entity of the United States.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand, officially the State of Uttarakhand (Uttarākhaṇḍ Rājya), formerly known as Uttaranchal, is a state in the northern part of India.

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Virginia

Virginia (officially the Commonwealth of Virginia) is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains.

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Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington or D.C., is the capital of the United States of America.

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Wiltshire

Wiltshire is a county in South West England with an area of.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Yangon–Mandalay Expressway

The Yangon–Mandalay Expressway (ရန်ကုန်–မန္တလေး အမြန်လမ်း) is an expressway in Myanmar (Burma) that connects the country's largest city Yangon and second largest city Mandalay.

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Zero Milestone

The Zero Milestone is a zero mile marker monument in Washington, D.C. intended as the initial milestone from which all road distances in the United States should be reckoned when it was built.

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Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe, officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in southern Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa, Botswana, Zambia and Mozambique. The capital and largest city is Harare. A country of roughly million people, Zimbabwe has 16 official languages, with English, Shona, and Ndebele the most commonly used. Since the 11th century, present-day Zimbabwe has been the site of several organised states and kingdoms as well as a major route for migration and trade. The British South Africa Company of Cecil Rhodes first demarcated the present territory during the 1890s; it became the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia in 1923. In 1965, the conservative white minority government unilaterally declared independence as Rhodesia. The state endured international isolation and a 15-year guerrilla war with black nationalist forces; this culminated in a peace agreement that established universal enfranchisement and de jure sovereignty as Zimbabwe in April 1980. Zimbabwe then joined the Commonwealth of Nations, from which it was suspended in 2002 for breaches of international law by its then government and from which it withdrew from in December 2003. It is a member of the United Nations, the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). It was once known as the "Jewel of Africa" for its prosperity. Robert Mugabe became Prime Minister of Zimbabwe in 1980, when his ZANU-PF party won the elections following the end of white minority rule; he was the President of Zimbabwe from 1987 until his resignation in 2017. Under Mugabe's authoritarian regime, the state security apparatus dominated the country and was responsible for widespread human rights violations. Mugabe maintained the revolutionary socialist rhetoric of the Cold War era, blaming Zimbabwe's economic woes on conspiring Western capitalist countries. Contemporary African political leaders were reluctant to criticise Mugabe, who was burnished by his anti-imperialist credentials, though Archbishop Desmond Tutu called him "a cartoon figure of an archetypal African dictator". The country has been in economic decline since the 1990s, experiencing several crashes and hyperinflation along the way. On 15 November 2017, in the wake of over a year of protests against his government as well as Zimbabwe's rapidly declining economy, Mugabe was placed under house arrest by the country's national army in a coup d'état. On 19 November 2017, ZANU-PF sacked Robert Mugabe as party leader and appointed former Vice President Emmerson Mnangagwa in his place. On 21 November 2017, Mugabe tendered his resignation prior to impeachment proceedings being completed.

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42nd parallel north

The 42nd parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 42 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.

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Redirects here:

Kilometer post, Kilometerpost, Kilometre post, Mile Stone, Mile marker, Mile post, Mile stone, Mileage marker, Milemarker, Milepoint, Milepost, Milestone (Road transport), Milestone (transport), Millarium, Milliarium.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milestone

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