Faster access than browser!Similarities between Mubashir Hassan and Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
Mubashir Hassan and Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq have 29 things in common (in Unionpedia): Abdul Qadeer Khan, Benazir Bhutto, Deregulation, East Pakistan, History of Pakistan, India, India–Pakistan relations, Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, Lahore, Major general, Minister for Law and Justice (Pakistan), Minister of Finance (Pakistan), Ministry of Science and Technology (Pakistan), Munir Ahmad Khan, Operation Fair Play, Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction, Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, Pakistan Movement, Pakistan National Alliance, Pakistan Peoples Party, Pakistanis, Presidencies and provinces of British India, Project-706, Soviet Union, Technocracy, Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Zahid Ali Akbar Khan, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
Abdul Qadeer Khan
Abdul Qadeer Khan, NI, HI, FPAS (ڈاکٹر عبد القدیر خان; born 1935 or 1936), known as A. Q. Khan, is a Pakistani former nuclear physicist and a metallurgical engineer, who founded the uranium enrichment program for Pakistan's atomic bomb project.
Abdul Qadeer Khan and Mubashir Hassan · Abdul Qadeer Khan and Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq ·
Benazir Bhutto
Benazir Bhutto (بينظير ڀُٽو; 21 June 1953 – 27 December 2007) was a Pakistani politician who served as Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1988 to 1990 and again from 1993 to 1996.
Benazir Bhutto and Mubashir Hassan · Benazir Bhutto and Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq ·
Deregulation
Deregulation is the process of removing or reducing state regulations, typically in the economic sphere.
Deregulation and Mubashir Hassan · Deregulation and Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq ·
East Pakistan
East Pakistan was the eastern provincial wing of Pakistan between 1955 and 1971, covering the territory of the modern country Bangladesh.
East Pakistan and Mubashir Hassan · East Pakistan and Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq ·
History of Pakistan
The history of Pakistan encompasses the history of the region constituting modern-day Pakistan.
History of Pakistan and Mubashir Hassan · History of Pakistan and Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq ·
India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
India and Mubashir Hassan · India and Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq ·
India–Pakistan relations
Relations between India and Pakistan have been complex and largely hostile due to a number of historical and political events.
India–Pakistan relations and Mubashir Hassan · India–Pakistan relations and Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq ·
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 was a culmination of skirmishes that took place between April 1965 and September 1965 between Pakistan and India. The conflict began following Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar, which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to precipitate an insurgency against Indian rule. India retaliated by launching a full-scale military attack on West Pakistan. The seventeen-day war caused thousands of casualties on both sides and witnessed the largest engagement of armored vehicles and the largest tank battle since World War II. Hostilities between the two countries ended after a United Nations-mandated ceasefire was declared following diplomatic intervention by the Soviet Union and the United States, and the subsequent issuance of the Tashkent Declaration. Much of the war was fought by the countries' land forces in Kashmir and along the border between India and Pakistan. This war saw the largest amassing of troops in Kashmir since the Partition of British India in 1947, a number that was overshadowed only during the 2001–2002 military standoff between India and Pakistan. Most of the battles were fought by opposing infantry and armoured units, with substantial backing from air forces, and naval operations. Many details of this war, like those of other Indo-Pakistani Wars, remain unclear. India had the upper hand over Pakistan when the ceasefire was declared. "Satisfied that it had secured a strategic and psychological victory over Pakistan by frustrating its attempt to seize Kashmir by force, when the UN resolution was passed, India accepted its terms... with Pakistan's stocks of ammunition and other essential supplies all but exhausted, and with the military balance tipping steadily in India's favour." "Losses were relatively heavy—on the Pakistani side, twenty aircraft, 200 tanks, and 3,800 troops. Pakistan's army had been able to withstand Indian pressure, but a continuation of the fighting would only have led to further losses and ultimate defeat for Pakistan." Quote: The invading Indian forces outfought their Pakistani counterparts and halted their attack on the outskirts of Lahore, Pakistan's second-largest city. By the time the United Nations intervened on 22 September, Pakistan had suffered a clear defeat. Although the two countries fought to a standoff, the conflict is seen as a strategic and political defeat for Pakistan, "... the war itself was a disaster for Pakistan, from the first failed attempts by Pakistani troops to precipitate an insurgency in Kashmir to the appearance of Indian artillery within range of Lahore International Airport." – U.S. Department of State, – Interview with Steve Coll in United States House of Representatives 12 September 1994South Asia in World Politics By Devin T. Hagerty, 2005 Rowman & Littlefield,, p. 26 as it had neither succeeded in fomenting insurrection in Kashmir "... after some initial success, the momentum behind Pakistan's thrust into Kashmir slowed, and the state's inhabitants rejected exhortations from the Pakistani insurgents to join them in taking up arms against their Indian "oppressors." Pakistan's inability to muster support from the local Kashmiri population proved a disaster, both militarily and politically." nor had it been able to gain meaningful support at an international level. "Mao had decided that China would intervene under two conditions—that India attacked East Pakistan, and that Pakistan requested Chinese intervention. In the end, neither of them obtained." Internationally, the war was viewed in the context of the greater Cold War, and resulted in a significant geopolitical shift in the subcontinent. Before the war, the United States and the United Kingdom had been major material allies of both India and Pakistan, as their primary suppliers of military hardware and foreign developmental aid. During and after the conflict, both India and Pakistan felt betrayed by the perceived lack of support by the western powers for their respective positions; those feelings of betrayal were increased with the imposition of an American and British embargo on military aid to the opposing sides. As a consequence, India and Pakistan openly developed closer relationships with the Soviet Union and China, respectively. The perceived negative stance of the western powers during the conflict, and during the 1971 war, has continued to affect relations between the West and the subcontinent. In spite of improved relations with the U.S. and Britain since the end of the Cold War, the conflict generated a deep distrust of both countries within the subcontinent which to an extent lingers to this day."In retrospect, it is clear that the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 represented a watershed in the West's association with the subcontinent.""By extending the Cold War into South Asia, however, the United States did succeed in disturbing the subcontinent's established politico-military equilibrium, undermining British influence in the region, embittering relations between India and Pakistan and, ironically, facilitating the expansion of communist influence in the developing world." "The legacy of the Johnson arms cut-off remains alive today. Indians simply do not believe that America will be there when India needs military help... the legacy of the U.S. "betrayal" still haunts U.S.-Pakistan relations today.".
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 and Mubashir Hassan · Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 and Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq ·
Lahore
Lahore (لاہور, لہور) is the capital city of the Pakistani province of Punjab, and is the country’s second-most populous city after Karachi.
Lahore and Mubashir Hassan · Lahore and Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq ·
Major general
Major general (abbreviated MG, Maj. Gen. and similar) is a military rank used in many countries.
Major general and Mubashir Hassan · Major general and Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq ·
Minister for Law and Justice (Pakistan)
The Law Minister of Pakistan heads the Ministry of Law, Justice & Human Rights.
Minister for Law and Justice (Pakistan) and Mubashir Hassan · Minister for Law and Justice (Pakistan) and Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq ·
Minister of Finance (Pakistan)
The Minister of Finance is Cabinet member who is leads the Ministry of Finance.
Minister of Finance (Pakistan) and Mubashir Hassan · Minister of Finance (Pakistan) and Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq ·
Ministry of Science and Technology (Pakistan)
The Ministry of Science and Technology (وزارت سائنس و ٹیکنالوجی, abbreviated as MoST) is a Cabinet-level ministry of the Government of Pakistan concerned with science and technology in Pakistan and in general, Pakistan's science policy, planning, co-ordination and directing of efforts to initiate and launch scientific and technological programs as well as projects aimed at economic development.
Ministry of Science and Technology (Pakistan) and Mubashir Hassan · Ministry of Science and Technology (Pakistan) and Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq ·
Munir Ahmad Khan
Munir Ahmad Khan (منير احمد خان; b. 20 May 1926 – 22 April 1999; ''NI'' ''HI''), was a Pakistani nuclear engineer and a nuclear physicist, who served as the chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) from 1972 to 1991.
Mubashir Hassan and Munir Ahmad Khan · Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and Munir Ahmad Khan ·
Operation Fair Play
Operation Fair Play was the code name for the 5 July 1977 coup by Pakistan Chief of Army Staff General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, overthrowing the government of Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
Mubashir Hassan and Operation Fair Play · Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and Operation Fair Play ·
Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction
Pakistan is one of nine states to possess nuclear weapons. Pakistan began development of nuclear weapons in January 1972 under Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, who delegated the program to the Chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) Munir Ahmad Khan with a commitment to having the bomb ready by the end of 1976. Since PAEC, consisting of over twenty laboratories and projects under nuclear engineer Munir Ahmad Khan, was falling behind schedule and having considerable difficulty producing fissile material, Abdul Qadeer Khan was brought from Europe by Bhutto at the end of 1974. As pointed out by Houston Wood, Professor of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, in his article on gas centrifuges, "The most difficult step in building a nuclear weapon is the production of fissile material"; as such, this work in producing fissile material as head of the Kahuta Project was pivotal to Pakistan developing the capability to detonate a nuclear bomb by the end of 1984.Levy, Adrian and Catherine Scott-Clark, Deception: Pakistan, the United States, and the Secret Trade in Nuclear Weapons. New York. Walker Publishing Company. 1977: page 112. Print. The Kahuta Project started under the supervision of a coordination board that oversaw the activities of KRL and PAEC. The Board consisted of A G N Kazi (secretary general, finance), Ghulam Ishaq Khan (secretary general, defence), and Agha Shahi (secretary general, foreign affairs), and reported directly to Bhutto. Ghulam Ishaq Khan and General Tikka Khan appointed military engineer Major General Ali Nawab to the program. Eventually, the supervision passed to Lt General Zahid Ali Akbar Khan in President General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's Administration. Moderate uranium enrichment for the production of fissile material was achieved at KRL by April 1978. Pakistan's nuclear weapons development was in response to the loss of East Pakistan in 1971's Bangladesh Liberation War. Bhutto called a meeting of senior scientists and engineers on 20 January 1972, in Multan, which came to known as "Multan meeting". Bhutto was the main architect of this programme, and it was here that Bhutto orchestrated nuclear weapons programme and rallied Pakistan's academic scientists to build the atomic bomb in three years for national survival. At the Multan meeting, Bhutto also appointed Munir Ahmad Khan as chairman of PAEC, who, until then, had been working as director at the nuclear power and Reactor Division of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), in Vienna, Austria. In December 1972, Abdus Salam led the establishment of Theoretical Physics Group (TPG) as he called scientists working at ICTP to report to Munir Ahmad Khan. This marked the beginning of Pakistan's pursuit of nuclear deterrence capability. Following India's surprise nuclear test, codenamed Smiling Buddha in 1974, the first confirmed nuclear test by a nation outside the permanent five members of the United Nations Security Council, the goal to develop nuclear weapons received considerable impetus. Finally, on 28 May 1998, a few weeks after India's second nuclear test (Operation Shakti), Pakistan detonated five nuclear devices in the Ras Koh Hills in the Chagai district, Balochistan. This operation was named Chagai-I by Pakistan, the underground iron-steel tunnel having been long-constructed by provincial martial law administrator General Rahimuddin Khan during the 1980s. The last test of Pakistan was conducted at the sandy Kharan Desert under the codename Chagai-II, also in Balochistan, on 30 May 1998. Pakistan's fissile material production takes place at Nilore, Kahuta, and Khushab Nuclear Complex, where weapons-grade plutonium is refined. Pakistan thus became the seventh country in the world to successfully develop and test nuclear weapons. Although, according to a letter sent by A.Q. Khan to General Zia, the capability to detonate a nuclear bomb using highly enriched uranium as fissile material produced at KRL had been achieved by KRL in 1984.
Mubashir Hassan and Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction · Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction ·
Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers
The Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers, (Urdu: ﺁرمى انجنيرينگ كور; Army Engineering Corps), is an active military administrative staff corps, and a major science and technology command of the Pakistan Army.
Mubashir Hassan and Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers · Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers ·
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC; Urdu) is an independent governmental authority and a scientific research institution, concerned with research and development of nuclear power, promotion of nuclear science, energy conservation and the peaceful usage of nuclear technology.
Mubashir Hassan and Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission · Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission ·
Pakistan Movement
The Pakistan Movement or Tehrik-e-Pakistan (تحریک پاکستان –) was a religious political movement in the 1940s that aimed for and succeeded in the creation of Pakistan from the Muslim-majority areas of the British Indian Empire.
Mubashir Hassan and Pakistan Movement · Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and Pakistan Movement ·
Pakistan National Alliance
The Pakistan National Alliance (Urdu: پاکستان قومی اتحاد, Acronym: PNA), was a populist and consolidated right-wing political alliance, consisting of nine political parties of the country.
Mubashir Hassan and Pakistan National Alliance · Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and Pakistan National Alliance ·
Pakistan Peoples Party
The Pakistan Peoples Party (پاکِستان پیپلز پارٹی, commonly referred to as the PPP) is a left-wing, socialist-progressive political party of Pakistan.
Mubashir Hassan and Pakistan Peoples Party · Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and Pakistan Peoples Party ·
Pakistanis
No description.
Mubashir Hassan and Pakistanis · Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and Pakistanis ·
Presidencies and provinces of British India
The Provinces of India, earlier Presidencies of British India and still earlier, Presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance in the subcontinent.
Mubashir Hassan and Presidencies and provinces of British India · Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and Presidencies and provinces of British India ·
Project-706
Project-706, also known as Project-726 was a codename of a project to develop Pakistan's first atomic bomb using uranium.
Mubashir Hassan and Project-706 · Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and Project-706 ·
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
Mubashir Hassan and Soviet Union · Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and Soviet Union ·
Technocracy
Technocracy is a proposed system of governance where decision-makers are selected on the basis of their expertise in their areas of responsibility, particularly scientific knowledge.
Mubashir Hassan and Technocracy · Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and Technocracy ·
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT, is an international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament.
Mubashir Hassan and Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons · Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons ·
Zahid Ali Akbar Khan
Lieutenant-General Zahid Ali Akbar (Urdu:زاہد على اكبر; b. 1933), was an engineering officer in the Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers, who oversaw the civil construction of the Army GHQ in Rawalpindi, and later directing the Engineering Research Laboratories (ERL), a top secret research facility developing the clandestine atomic bomb program in 1970s.
Mubashir Hassan and Zahid Ali Akbar Khan · Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and Zahid Ali Akbar Khan ·
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (5 January 1928 – 4 April 1979) was a Pakistani politician who served as the 9th Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1973 to 1977, and prior to that as the 4th President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973.
Mubashir Hassan and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto · Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto ·
The list above answers the following questions
- What Mubashir Hassan and Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq have in common
- What are the similarities between Mubashir Hassan and Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
Mubashir Hassan and Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq Comparison
Mubashir Hassan has 59 relations, while Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq has 402. As they have in common 29, the Jaccard index is 6.29% = 29 / (59 + 402).
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