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Muscogee

Index Muscogee

The Muscogee, also known as the Mvskoke, Creek and the Muscogee Creek Confederacy, are a related group of Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands. [1]

329 relations: Abihka, Abraham Lincoln, Acee Blue Eagle, Activism, Adams–Onís Treaty, African Americans, Agua Dulce people, Ahaya, Alabama, Alabama language, Alabama people, Alabama River, Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas, Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town, Alexander McGillivray, Alexander Posey, Altamaha River, American Civil War, American Revolution, Americas, Andrew Jackson, Anthony Wayne, Apalachee, Apalachee Bay, Apalachicola River, Arkansas River, Atmore, Alabama, Augusta, Georgia, Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Bacone College, Bandolier bag, Barbados, Battle of Burnt Corn, Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814), Battle of Kings Mountain, Benjamin Hawkins, Birmingham Museum of Art, Black drink, Black Seminoles, British West Florida, Canada, Capture of Savannah, Carrie Underwood, Charles Bird King, Charleston, South Carolina, Chattahoochee River, Chehaw, Georgia, Cherokee, Cherokee–American wars, Chiaha, ..., Chickamauga Cherokee, Chickasaw, Chiefdom, Chitto Harjo, Choctaw, City, Civil war, Clan, Cofitachequi, College of the Muscogee Nation, Colonialism, Confederate States of America, Conquistador, Continental Army, Coosa chiefdom, Coosa River, Corps of Colonial Marines, Cotton gin, Coushatta, Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana, Coweta (tribal town), Coweta County, Georgia, Coweta, Oklahoma, Crawford County, Georgia, Crazy Snake Rebellion, Creek War, Cusseta tribal town, Cynthia Leitich Smith, Dawes Commission, Dawes Rolls, Detroit, Dragging Canoe, Duck River (Tennessee), Earthquake, East Tennessee, Eastern Agricultural Complex, Eddie Chuculate, Egyptian pyramids, Elijah Clarke, Emancipation, Emperor Brim, England, English language, Ernest Childers, Etowah Indian Mounds, Eufaula people, European Americans, Exonym and endonym, Exploration, Factor (agent), Federal Road (Creek lands), Five Civilized Tribes, Flint River (Georgia), Flintlock, Florida, Fort Benjamin Hawkins, Fort King George, Fort Mims massacre, Fort Row, Fort Sinquefield, Fort Toulouse, Four Mothers Society, France, France Winddance Twine, Franciscans, Fred Beaver, French and Indian War, French Canadians, Fushatchee, George Galphin, George III of the United Kingdom, George Troup, George Washington, Georgia (U.S. state), Gideon Lincecum, Grant-Lee Phillips, Great Comet of 1811, Great Spirit, Green Corn Ceremony, Gulf of Mexico, Haiti, Havana, Henry Knox, Henry Woodward (colonist), Heredity, Hernando de Soto, History of Georgia (U.S. state), History of Mobile, Alabama, Hitchiti, Hunter-gatherer, Indian agent, Indian removal, Indian Removal Act, Indian reservation, Indian Territory, Indigenous peoples, Indigenous peoples of Florida, Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, Infantry, Infection, Jack Jacobs, James Moore (Governor), James Oglethorpe, Jesuit missions in North America, Jim Pepper, Joan Hill, John Quincy Adams, Josiah Francis (Hillis Hadjo), Journalist, Joy Harjo, Juan Ponce de León, Kialegee Tribal Town, King's Rangers, Kingdom of Great Britain, Kinship, Lachlan McGillivray, Lake Miccosukee, Language isolate, List of events named massacres, List of federally recognized tribes, List of sites and peoples visited by the Hernando de Soto Expedition, Louis Oliver (poet), Louisiana, Louisiana (New France), Lower Muskogee Creek Tribe (East of the Mississippi), Loyalist (American Revolution), Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón, Maize, Major Ridge, Marinus Willett, Maroon (people), Mary Musgrove, Maryland, Maryland Loyalists Battalion, Matrilineality, Medal of Honor, Medicine man, Megafauna, Menawa, Mesoamerica, Miccosukee, Midwestern United States, Mikasuki language, Militia, Mississippi, Mississippi River, Mississippi Territory, Mississippian culture, Mobile, Alabama, Montgomery, Alabama, Mound Builders, Moundville Archaeological Site, Muscogee (Creek) Nation, Muscogee language, Musket, Muskogean languages, Muskogee, Oklahoma, Narváez expedition, Nashville, Tennessee, Natchez people, Native American gaming, Negro Fort, New Orleans, New York City, North Carolina, North Georgia, Northern United States, Noxubee River, Nuyaka, Ocmulgee National Monument, Ocmulgee River, Oconee River, Ohio River, Okemah, Oklahoma, Oklahoma, Okmulgee, Oklahoma, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film), Opothleyahola, Paleo-Indians, Panton, Leslie & Company, Patriot (American Revolution), Pensacola, Florida, Peter McQueen, Pinckney's Treaty, Pleistocene, Poarch Band of Creek Indians, Poarch Creek Indian Reservation, Pow wow, Prospect Bluff Historic Sites, Protestantism, Province of Carolina, Red Sticks, Right of asylum, Royal Navy, Samuel Benton Callahan, San Marcos de Apalache Historic State Park, Santee (South Carolina), Savannah, Georgia, Scotch-Irish Americans, Second Treaty of San Ildefonso, Seminole, Seminole Nation of Oklahoma, Seminole Tribe of Florida, Seminole Wars, Seven Years' War, Shawnee, Siege of Detroit, Siege of Pensacola, Slavery, Slavery among Native Americans in the United States, Social conservatism, Sons of Liberty, South Carolina, Southeastern Ceremonial Complex, Southern United States, Spain, Spain and the American Revolutionary War, Spanish colonization of the Americas, Spanish Empire, Spanish Florida, Spanish missions in Florida, St. Johns River, State of Muskogee, Stomp dance, Suzan Shown Harjo, Tallahassee, Florida, Tallapoosa River, Tecumseh, Tennessee, Tennessee River, Tenskwatawa, Texas, Thanksgiving, The Bahamas, Thlopthlocco Tribal Town, Thomas Brown (loyalist), Thomas Jefferson, Timucua, Tommy Warren, Tomochichi, Toqua (Tennessee), Trading post, Trail of Tears, Trans-Oconee Republic, Treaty of Colerain, Treaty of Cusseta, Treaty of Fort Jackson, Treaty of Indian Springs (1821), Treaty of Indian Springs (1825), Treaty of New York (1790), Treaty of Washington (1826), Tukabatchee, Tuskegee, Alabama, United States, Void (law), War of 1812, Washington, D.C., West Florida, Wetumka, Oklahoma, Wetumpka, Alabama, White-tailed deer, Will Sampson, William Augustus Bowles, William Bartram, William Harjo LoneFight, William McIntosh, William Weatherford, Wilson County, Kansas, Woodland period, World War II, Yamacraw, Yamasee, Yamasee War, Yeoman, Yuchi, Yuchi language, 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes, 2nd Confederate States Congress. Expand index (279 more) »

Abihka

Abihka was one of the four mother towns of the Muscogee Creek confederacy.

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Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.

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Acee Blue Eagle

Acee Blue Eagle (17 August 1907 – 18 June 1959), also named Alex C. McIntosh, Chebon Ahbulah (Laughing Boy), and Lumhee Holot-Tee (Blue Eagle), was a Muscogee Creek-Pawnee-Wichita artist, educator, dancer, and Native American flute player.

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Activism

Activism consists of efforts to promote, impede, or direct social, political, economic, or environmental reform or stasis with the desire to make improvements in society.

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Adams–Onís Treaty

The Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819, also known as the Transcontinental Treaty, the Florida Purchase Treaty, or the Florida Treaty,Weeks, p.168.

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African Americans

African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group of Americans with total or partial ancestry from any of the black racial groups of Africa.

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Agua Dulce people

The Agua Dulce or Agua Fresca (Freshwater) were a Timucua group of northeastern Florida.

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Ahaya

Ahaya Secoffee (Mikasuki) (ca. 1710 – 1783) was the first recorded chief of the Alachua band of the Seminole tribe.

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Alabama

Alabama is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.

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Alabama language

Alabama (also known as Alibamu) is a Native American language, spoken by the Alabama-Coushatta tribe of Texas.

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Alabama people

The Alabama or Alibamu (Albaamaha) are a Southeastern culture people of Native Americans, originally from Alabama.

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Alabama River

The Alabama River, in the U.S. state of Alabama, is formed by the Tallapoosa and Coosa rivers, which unite about north of Montgomery, near the suburb of Wetumpka.

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Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas

The Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas is a Federally recognized tribe of Alabama and Koasati in Polk County, Texas.

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Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town

The Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town is both a federally recognized Native American tribe and a traditional township of Muskogean-speaking Alabama and Coushatta (also known as Quassarte) peoples.

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Alexander McGillivray

Alexander McGillivray, also known as Hoboi-Hili-Miko (December 15, 1750February 17, 1793), was a métis, son of a Scots trader and plantation owner and a Creek woman, also a métis.

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Alexander Posey

Alexander Lawrence Posey (1873—1908) (Muscogee Creek) was an American poet, humorist, journalist, and politician in the Creek Nation.

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Altamaha River

The Altamaha River is a major river in the U.S. state of Georgia.

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American Civil War

The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865.

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American Revolution

The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783.

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Americas

The Americas (also collectively called America)"America." The Oxford Companion to the English Language.

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Andrew Jackson

Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) was an American soldier and statesman who served as the seventh President of the United States from 1829 to 1837.

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Anthony Wayne

Anthony Wayne (January 1, 1745 – December 15, 1796) was a United States Army officer and statesman.

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Apalachee

The Apalachee are a Native American people who historically lived in the Florida Panhandle.

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Apalachee Bay

Apalachee Bay is a bay in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico occupying an indentation of the Florida coast to the west of where the Florida peninsula joins the United States mainland.

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Apalachicola River

The Apalachicola River is a river, approximately 112 mi (180 km) long in the State of Florida.

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Arkansas River

The Arkansas River is a major tributary of the Mississippi River.

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Atmore, Alabama

Atmore is a city in Escambia County, Alabama, United States.

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Augusta, Georgia

Augusta, officially Augusta–Richmond County, is a consolidated city-county on the central eastern border of the U.S. state of Georgia.

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Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca

Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (Jerez de la Frontera, 1488/1490/1492"Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar Núñez (1492?-1559?)." American Eras. Vol. 1: Early American Civilizations and Exploration to 1600. Detroit: Gale, 1997. 50-51. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 10 Dec. 2014.Seville, 1557/1558/1559/1560"Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2014. Web. 08 Dec. 2014.) was a Spanish explorer of the New World, and one of four survivors of the 1527 Narváez expedition.

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Bacone College

Bacone College, formerly Bacone Indian University, is a private four-year liberal arts college in Muskogee, Oklahoma, United States.

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Bandolier bag

A bandolier bag is a Native American bag with a wide strap, often ornately decorated with beadwork, presented to represent honors given to a worthy man.

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Barbados

Barbados is an island country in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies, in the Caribbean region of North America.

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Battle of Burnt Corn

The Battle of Burnt Corn, also known as the Battle of Burnt Corn Creek, was an encounter between United States armed forces and Creek Indians that took place July 27, 1813 in present-day southern Alabama.

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Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814)

The Battle of Horseshoe Bend (also known as Tohopeka, Cholocco Litabixbee, or The Horseshoe), was fought during the War of 1812 in the Mississippi Territory, now central Alabama.

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Battle of Kings Mountain

The Battle of Kings Mountain was a military engagement between Patriot and Loyalist militias in South Carolina during the Southern Campaign of the American Revolutionary War, resulting in a decisive victory for the Patriots.

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Benjamin Hawkins

Benjamin Hawkins (August 15, 1754June 6, 1816, Encyclopedia of Alabama, accessed July 15, 2011) was an American planter, statesman, and U.S. Indian agent.

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Birmingham Museum of Art

Founded in 1951, the Birmingham Museum of Art in Birmingham, Alabama, today has one of the finest collections in the Southeastern United States, with more than 24,000 paintings, sculptures, prints, drawings, and decorative arts representing a numerous diverse cultures, including Asian, European, American, African, Pre-Columbian, and Native American.

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Black drink

Black drink is a name for several kinds of ritual beverages brewed by Native Americans in the Southeastern United States.

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Black Seminoles

The Black Seminoles are black Indians associated with the Seminole people in Florida and Oklahoma.

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British West Florida

West Florida was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain from 1763 until 1783 when it was ceded to Spain as part of the Peace of Paris.

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Canada

Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America.

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Capture of Savannah

The Capture of Savannah, or sometimes the First Battle of Savannah (because of a siege in 1779), was an American Revolutionary War battle fought on December 29, 1778 pitting local American Patriot militia and Continental Army units, holding the city, against a British invasion force under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Archibald Campbell.

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Carrie Underwood

Carrie Marie Underwood (born March 10, 1983) is an American singer and songwriter.

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Charles Bird King

Charles the Bird King (September 26, 1785 – March 18, 1862) was an American portrait artist, best known for his portrayals of significant Native American leaders and tribesmen.

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Charleston, South Carolina

Charleston is the oldest and largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area.

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Chattahoochee River

The Chattahoochee River forms the southern half of the Alabama and Georgia border, as well as a portion of the Florida border.

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Chehaw, Georgia

Chehaw is an unincorporated community in Lee County, in the U.S. state of Georgia.

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Cherokee

The Cherokee (translit or translit) are one of the indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands.

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Cherokee–American wars

The Cherokee–American wars, also known as the Chickamauga Wars, were a series of back-and-forth raids, campaigns, ambushes, minor skirmishes, and several full-scale frontier battles in the Old Southwest from 1776 to 1795 between the Cherokee (Ani-Yunwiya or "Nana Waiya", Tsalagi) and the Americans on the frontier.

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Chiaha

Chiaha was a Native American chiefdom located in the lower French Broad River valley in modern East Tennessee, in the southeastern United States.

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Chickamauga Cherokee

The Chickamauga Cherokee were a group that separated from the greater body of the Cherokee tribes during the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783).

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Chickasaw

The Chickasaw are an indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands.

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Chiefdom

A chiefdom is a form of hierarchical political organization in non-industrial societies usually based on kinship, and in which formal leadership is monopolized by the legitimate senior members of select families or 'houses'.

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Chitto Harjo

Chitto Harjo (also known as Crazy Snake, Wilson Jones, Bill Jones, Bill Snake, and Bill Harjo; 1846–1911) was a leader and orator among the traditionalists in the Muscogee Creek Nation in Indian Territory at the turn of the 20th century.

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Choctaw

The Choctaw (in the Choctaw language, Chahta)Common misspellings and variations in other languages include Chacta, Tchakta and Chocktaw.

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City

A city is a large human settlement.

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Civil war

A civil war, also known as an intrastate war in polemology, is a war between organized groups within the same state or country.

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Clan

A clan is a group of people united by actual or perceived kinship and descent.

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Cofitachequi

Cofitachequi was a paramount chiefdom founded about 1300 AD and encountered by the Hernando de Soto expedition in South Carolina in April 1540.

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College of the Muscogee Nation

College of the Muscogee Nation (CMN) is a public two-year American Indian tribal college, located in Okmulgee, Oklahoma, the capital of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation.

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Colonialism

Colonialism is the policy of a polity seeking to extend or retain its authority over other people or territories, generally with the aim of developing or exploiting them to the benefit of the colonizing country and of helping the colonies modernize in terms defined by the colonizers, especially in economics, religion and health.

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Confederate States of America

The Confederate States of America (CSA or C.S.), commonly referred to as the Confederacy, was an unrecognized country in North America that existed from 1861 to 1865.

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Conquistador

Conquistadors (from Spanish or Portuguese conquistadores "conquerors") is a term used to refer to the soldiers and explorers of the Spanish Empire or the Portuguese Empire in a general sense.

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Continental Army

The Continental Army was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America.

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Coosa chiefdom

The Coosa chiefdom was a powerful Native American paramount chiefdom in what are now Gordon and Murray counties in Georgia, in the United States.

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Coosa River

The Coosa River is a tributary of the Alabama River in the U.S. states of Alabama and Georgia.

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Corps of Colonial Marines

The Corps of Colonial Marines were two Marine units raised from former slaves for service in the Americas by the British at the behest of Alexander Cochrane.

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Cotton gin

A cotton gin is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, enabling much greater productivity than manual cotton separation.

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Coushatta

---- The Coushatta (Koasati) are a Muskogean-speaking Native American people now living primarily in the U.S. states of Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas.

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Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana

The Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana is one of three federally recognized tribes of Koasati people.

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Coweta (tribal town)

Coweta is one of the four mother towns of the Muscogee people along with Kasihta, Abihka, and Tuckabutche.

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Coweta County, Georgia

Coweta County is a county located in the west central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia.

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Coweta, Oklahoma

Coweta is a city in Wagoner County, Oklahoma, United States and is a suburb of Tulsa.

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Crawford County, Georgia

Crawford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Georgia.

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Crazy Snake Rebellion

The Crazy Snake Rebellion, also known as the Smoked Meat Rebellion or Crazy Snake's War, was an incident in 1909 that at times was viewed as a war between the Creek people and American settlers.

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Creek War

The Creek War (1813–1814), also known as the Red Stick War and the Creek Civil War, was a regional war between opposing Creek factions, European empires and the United States, taking place largely in today's Alabama and along the Gulf Coast.

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Cusseta tribal town

Cusseta, also known as Kasihta was a peace town of the Lower Creeks, a division of the Muscogee Creek Confederacy.

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Cynthia Leitich Smith

Cynthia Leitich Smith is a New York Times best-selling author of fiction for children and young adults.

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Dawes Commission

The American Dawes Commission, named for its first chairman Henry L. Dawes, was authorized under a rider to an Indian Office appropriation bill, March 3, 1893.

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Dawes Rolls

The Dawes Rolls (or Final Rolls of Citizens and Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes, or Dawes Commission of Final Rolls) were created by the United States Dawes Commission.

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Detroit

Detroit is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the largest city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of Wayne County.

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Dragging Canoe

Dragging Canoe (ᏥᏳ ᎦᏅᏏᏂ, pronounced Tsiyu Gansini, "he is dragging his canoe") (c. 1738–February 29, 1792) was a Cherokee war chief who led a band of disaffected Cherokee against colonists and United States settlers in the Upper South.

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Duck River (Tennessee)

The Duck River, long,U.S. Geological Survey.

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Earthquake

An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves.

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East Tennessee

East Tennessee comprises approximately the eastern third of the U.S. state of Tennessee, one of the three Grand Divisions of Tennessee defined in state law.

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Eastern Agricultural Complex

The Eastern Agricultural Complex was one of about 10 independent centers of plant domestication in the pre-historic world.

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Eddie Chuculate

Eddie Chuculate is an American fiction writer who is enrolled in the Muscogee (Creek) Nation and of Cherokee descent.

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Egyptian pyramids

The Egyptian pyramids are ancient pyramid-shaped masonry structures located in Egypt.

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Elijah Clarke

Elijah Clarke (1742 – December 15, 1799) was an American military officer.

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Emancipation

Emancipation is any effort to procure economic and social rights, political rights or equality, often for a specifically disenfranchised group, or more generally, in discussion of such matters.

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Emperor Brim

Emperor Brim, also known as Hoboyetly, (died 1733) was a Muscogee mico of Coweta who rose to power through a series of shifting alliances with France, England, and Spain.

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England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

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English language

English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.

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Ernest Childers

Ernest Childers (February 1, 1918 – March 17, 2005) was a United States Army officer and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his valorous actions in World War II.

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Etowah Indian Mounds

Etowah Indian Mounds (9BR1) are a archaeological site in Bartow County, Georgia south of Cartersville, in the United States.

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Eufaula people

The Eufaula people were a tribe of Native Americans in the United States, located in the Southeast.

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European Americans

European Americans (also referred to as Euro-Americans) are Americans of European ancestry.

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Exonym and endonym

An exonym or xenonym is an external name for a geographical place, or a group of people, an individual person, or a language or dialect.

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Exploration

Exploration is the act of searching for the purpose of discovery of information or resources.

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Factor (agent)

A factor is a type of trader who receives and sells goods on commission (called factorage).

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Federal Road (Creek lands)

The Federal Road through the territory of the Creek people was a project that started in 1805 when the Creek gave permission for the development of a "horse path" through their nation for more efficient mail delivery between Washington City (modern-day Washington, D.C.) and New Orleans, Louisiana.

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Five Civilized Tribes

The term "Five Civilized Tribes" derives from the colonial and early federal period in the history of the United States.

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Flint River (Georgia)

The Flint River is a U.S. Geological Survey.

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Flintlock

Flintlock is a general term for any firearm that uses a flint striking ignition mechanism.

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Florida

Florida (Spanish for "land of flowers") is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States.

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Fort Benjamin Hawkins

Fort Hawkins was a fort built in 1806–1810 in the historic Creek Nation by the United States government under President Thomas Jefferson and used until 1824.

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Fort King George

Fort King George State Historic Site is a fort located in the U.S. state of Georgia in McIntosh County, adjacent to Darien.

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Fort Mims massacre

The Battle at Fort Mims occurred on August 30, 1813 during the Creek War, when a force of Creek Indians belonging to the "Red Sticks" faction, under the command of head warriors Peter McQueen and William Weatherford (also known as Lamochattee or Red Eagle), stormed the fort and defeated the militia garrison.

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Fort Row

Fort Row, located on the south bank of the Verdigris River and east of the present town of Coyville, Kansas, was built in the fall of 1861, probably in October.

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Fort Sinquefield

Fort Sinquefield is the historic site of a wooden stockade fortification in Clarke County, Alabama, near the modern town of Grove Hill.

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Fort Toulouse

Fort Toulouse (Muscogee: Franca choka chula), also called Fort des Alibamons and Fort Toulouse des Alibamons, is a historic fort near the city of Wetumpka, Alabama, United States, that is now maintained by the Alabama Historical Commission.

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Four Mothers Society

The Four Mothers Society or Four Mothers Nation is a religious, political, and traditionalist organization of Muscogee Creek, Cherokee, Choctaw and Chickasaw people, as well as the Natchez people enrolled in these tribes, in Oklahoma.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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France Winddance Twine

France Winddance Twine (born 1960 in Chicago, Illinois) is Professor of Sociology and documentary filmmaker at the University of California, Santa Barbara.

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Franciscans

The Franciscans are a group of related mendicant religious orders within the Catholic Church, founded in 1209 by Saint Francis of Assisi.

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Fred Beaver

Fred Beaver (2 July 1911 – 18 August 1980) was a prominent Muscogee Creek-Seminole painter and muralist from Oklahoma.

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French and Indian War

The French and Indian War (1754–63) comprised the North American theater of the worldwide Seven Years' War of 1756–63.

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French Canadians

French Canadians (also referred to as Franco-Canadians or Canadiens; Canadien(ne)s français(es)) are an ethnic group who trace their ancestry to French colonists who settled in Canada from the 17th century onward.

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Fushatchee

Fushatchee were a Muscogee sub-tribe.

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George Galphin

George Galphin (1708–1780) was an American businessman specializing in Indian Trade, an Indian Commissioner, and plantation owner who lived and conducted business in the colonies of Georgia and South Carolina, primarily around the area known today as Augusta, Georgia.

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George III of the United Kingdom

George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death in 1820.

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George Troup

George McIntosh Troup (September 8, 1780 – April 26, 1856) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Georgia.

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George Washington

George Washington (February 22, 1732 –, 1799), known as the "Father of His Country," was an American soldier and statesman who served from 1789 to 1797 as the first President of the United States.

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Georgia (U.S. state)

Georgia is a state in the Southeastern United States.

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Gideon Lincecum

Gideon Lincecum (22 April 1793 – 28 November 1874) was an American pioneer, historian, physician, philosopher, and naturalist.

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Grant-Lee Phillips

Grant-Lee Phillips (born Bryan G. Phillips; 1963) is an American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist.

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Great Comet of 1811

The Great Comet of 1811, formally designated C/1811 F1, is a comet that was visible to the naked eye for around 260 days, a record it held until the appearance of Comet Hale–Bopp in 1997.

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Great Spirit

The Great Spirit, known as Wakan Tanka among the Sioux,Ostler, Jeffry.

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Green Corn Ceremony

The Green Corn Ceremony (Busk) is an annual ceremony practiced among various Native American peoples associated with the beginning of the yearly corn harvest.

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Gulf of Mexico

The Gulf of Mexico (Golfo de México) is an ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, largely surrounded by the North American continent.

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Haiti

Haiti (Haïti; Ayiti), officially the Republic of Haiti and formerly called Hayti, is a sovereign state located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea.

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Havana

Havana (Spanish: La Habana) is the capital city, largest city, province, major port, and leading commercial center of Cuba.

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Henry Knox

Henry Knox (July 25, 1750 – October 25, 1806) was a military officer of the Continental Army and later the United States Army, who also served as the first United States Secretary of War from 1789 to 1794.

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Henry Woodward (colonist)

Henry Woodward (c. 1646 – c. 1690), often referred to as Dr.

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Heredity

Heredity is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring, either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents.

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Hernando de Soto

Hernando de Soto (1495 – May 21, 1542) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the first Spanish and European expedition deep into the territory of the modern-day United States (through Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and most likely Arkansas).

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History of Georgia (U.S. state)

The history of Georgia in the United States of America spans pre-Columbian time to the present-day U.S. state of Georgia.

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History of Mobile, Alabama

Mobile was founded as the capital of colonial French Louisiana in 1702 and remained a part of New France for over 60 years.

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Hitchiti

The Hitchiti were an indigenous tribe formerly residing chiefly in a town of the same name on the east bank of the Chattahoochee River, four miles below Chiaha, in western present-day Georgia, United States.

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Hunter-gatherer

A hunter-gatherer is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals), in contrast to agricultural societies, which rely mainly on domesticated species.

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Indian agent

In United States history, an Indian agent was an individual authorized to interact with Native American tribes on behalf of the U.S. government.

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Indian removal

Indian removal was a forced migration in the 19th century whereby Native Americans were forced by the United States government to leave their ancestral homelands in the eastern United States to lands west of the Mississippi River, specifically to a designated Indian Territory (roughly, modern Oklahoma).

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Indian Removal Act

The Indian Removal Act was signed by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830.

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Indian reservation

An Indian reservation is a legal designation for an area of land managed by a federally recognized Native American tribe under the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs rather than the state governments of the United States in which they are physically located.

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Indian Territory

As general terms, Indian Territory, the Indian Territories, or Indian country describe an evolving land area set aside by the United States Government for the relocation of Native Americans who held aboriginal title to their land.

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Indigenous peoples

Indigenous peoples, also known as first peoples, aboriginal peoples or native peoples, are ethnic groups who are the pre-colonial original inhabitants of a given region, in contrast to groups that have settled, occupied or colonized the area more recently.

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Indigenous peoples of Florida

The Indigenous peoples of Florida lived in what is now known as Florida for more than 12,000 years before the time of first contact with Europeans.

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Indigenous peoples of the Americas

The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian peoples of the Americas and their descendants. Although some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in the Amazon basin, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in reshaping and cultivating the flora indigenous to the Americas. Although some societies depended heavily on agriculture, others practiced a mix of farming, hunting and gathering. In some regions the indigenous peoples created monumental architecture, large-scale organized cities, chiefdoms, states and empires. Many parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Some, such as the Quechuan languages, Aymara, Guaraní, Mayan languages and Nahuatl, count their speakers in millions. Many also maintain aspects of indigenous cultural practices to varying degrees, including religion, social organization and subsistence practices. Like most cultures, over time, cultures specific to many indigenous peoples have evolved to incorporate traditional aspects but also cater to modern needs. Some indigenous peoples still live in relative isolation from Western culture, and a few are still counted as uncontacted peoples.

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Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands

Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, Southeastern cultures, or Southeast Indians are an ethnographic classification for Native Americans who have traditionally inhabited the Southeastern United States and the northeastern border of Mexico, that share common cultural traits.

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Infantry

Infantry is the branch of an army that engages in military combat on foot, distinguished from cavalry, artillery, and tank forces.

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Infection

Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.

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Jack Jacobs

"Indian" Jack Jacobs (August 7, 1919 – January 12, 1974) was an American and Canadian football player in the National Football League and Western Interprovincial Football Union.

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James Moore (Governor)

James Moore (c. 1650 – 1706) was the English governor of colonial Carolina between 1700 and 1703.

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James Oglethorpe

James Edward Oglethorpe (22 December 1696 – 30 June 1785) was a British soldier, Member of Parliament, and philanthropist, as well as the founder of the colony of Georgia.

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Jesuit missions in North America

Jesuit missions in North America began early in the 17th century, faltered at the beginning of the 18th, disappeared during the suppression of the Society of Jesus around 1763, and returned around 1830 after the restoration of the Society.

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Jim Pepper

Jim Pepper (June 18, 1941 - February 10, 1992) was a Kaw-Muscogee Native American jazz saxophonist, composer, and singer.

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Joan Hill

Joan Hill (born December 19, 1930), also known as Che-se-quah, is a Muscogee Creek artist of Cherokee ancestry.

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John Quincy Adams

John Quincy Adams (July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848) was an American statesman who served as a diplomat, minister and ambassador to foreign nations, and treaty negotiator, United States Senator, U.S. Representative (Congressman) from Massachusetts, and the sixth President of the United States from 1825 to 1829.

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Josiah Francis (Hillis Hadjo)

Josiah Francis, also called Francis the Prophet, native name Hillis Hadjo ("crazy-brave medicine") (c. 1770–1818), was "a charismatic religious leader" of the Red Stick Creek Indians.

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Journalist

A journalist is a person who collects, writes, or distributes news or other current information to the public.

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Joy Harjo

Joy Harjo (born Joy Foster on May 9, 1951, Mvskoke) is a poet, musician, and author.

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Juan Ponce de León

Juan Ponce de León (1474 – July 1521) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador born in Santervás de Campos, Valladolid, Spain in 1474.

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Kialegee Tribal Town

The Kialegee Tribal Town is a federally recognized Native American tribe in Oklahoma, as well as a traditional township within the former Muscogee Creek Confederacy in the American Southeast.

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King's Rangers

The King's Rangers, also known as the King’s American Rangers, were a British provincial military unit raised for service during the American Revolutionary War.

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Kingdom of Great Britain

The Kingdom of Great Britain, officially called simply Great Britain,Parliament of the Kingdom of England.

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Kinship

In anthropology, kinship is the web of social relationships that form an important part of the lives of all humans in all societies, although its exact meanings even within this discipline are often debated.

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Lachlan McGillivray

Lachlan McGillivray (Dunmaglass, Inverness, Scotland, c. 1718 – 1799) was a prosperous fur trader and planter in colonial Georgia with interests that extended from Savannah to what is now central Alabama.

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Lake Miccosukee

Lake Miccosukee is a large swampy prairie lake in northern Jefferson County, Florida, located east of the settlement of Miccosukee.

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Language isolate

A language isolate, in the absolute sense, is a natural language with no demonstrable genealogical (or "genetic") relationship with other languages, one that has not been demonstrated to descend from an ancestor common with any other language.

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List of events named massacres

The following is a list of events for which one of the commonly accepted names includes the word "massacre." Massacre is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as "the indiscriminate and brutal slaughter of people or (less commonly) animals; carnage, butchery, slaughter in numbers".

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List of federally recognized tribes

There is a list of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States of America.

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List of sites and peoples visited by the Hernando de Soto Expedition

This is a list of sites and peoples visited by the Hernando de Soto Expedition in the years 1539–1543.

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Louis Oliver (poet)

Louis Oliver (April 9, 1904 – May 10, 1991), also known as Little Coon or Wotkoce Okisce, was an American poet of the Muscogee (Creek) people.

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Louisiana

Louisiana is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.

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Louisiana (New France)

Louisiana (La Louisiane; La Louisiane française) or French Louisiana was an administrative district of New France.

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Lower Muskogee Creek Tribe (East of the Mississippi)

The Lower Muskogee Creek Tribe is a state-recognized Creek Nation tribe located in Southwest Georgia.

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Loyalist (American Revolution)

Loyalists were American colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolutionary War, often called Tories, Royalists, or King's Men at the time.

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Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón

Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón (c. 1475, probably Castile, Spain – 18 October 1526) was a Spanish explorer who in 1526 established the short-lived San Miguel de Guadalupe colony, the first European attempt at a settlement in what is now the continental United States.

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Maize

Maize (Zea mays subsp. mays, from maíz after Taíno mahiz), also known as corn, is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago.

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Major Ridge

Major Ridge, The Ridge (and sometimes Pathkiller II) (c. 1771 – June 22, 1839) (also known as Nunnehidihi, and later Ganundalegi) was a Cherokee leader, a member of the tribal council, and a lawmaker.

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Marinus Willett

Marinus Willett (July 31, 1740 – August 22, 1830) was an American soldier and political leader from New York.

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Maroon (people)

Maroons were Africans who had escaped from slavery in the Americas and mixed with the indigenous peoples of the Americas, and formed independent settlements.

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Mary Musgrove

Mary Musgrove (c. 1700–1765) was of mixed Yamacraw and English ancestry.

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Maryland

Maryland is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C. to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east.

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Maryland Loyalists Battalion

The Maryland Loyalists Battalion, referred to in Captain Caleb Jones's orderly book as the First Battalion of Maryland Loyalists, was a British provincial regiment, of colonial American Loyalists, during the American Revolutionary War.

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Matrilineality

Matrilineality is the tracing of descent through the female line.

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Medal of Honor

The Medal of Honor is the United States of America's highest and most prestigious personal military decoration that may be awarded to recognize U.S. military service members who distinguished themselves by acts of valor.

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Medicine man

A medicine man or medicine woman is a traditional healer and spiritual leader who serves a community of indigenous people of the Americas.

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Megafauna

In terrestrial zoology, megafauna (from Greek μέγας megas "large" and New Latin fauna "animal life") are large or giant animals.

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Menawa

Menawa, first called Hothlepoya (c. 1765 – c. 1836-40), was a Muscogee (Creek) chief and military leader.

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Mesoamerica

Mesoamerica is an important historical region and cultural area in the Americas, extending from approximately central Mexico through Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and northern Costa Rica, and within which pre-Columbian societies flourished before the Spanish colonization of the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries.

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Miccosukee

The Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida is a federally recognized Native American tribe in the U.S. state of Florida.

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Midwestern United States

The Midwestern United States, also referred to as the American Midwest, Middle West, or simply the Midwest, is one of four census regions of the United States Census Bureau (also known as "Region 2").

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Mikasuki language

The Mikasuki language (also Miccosukee, Mikisúkî or Hitchiti-Mikasuki) is a Muskogean language spoken by around 500 people in southern Florida.

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Militia

A militia is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a nation, or subjects of a state, who can be called upon for military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of regular, full-time military personnel, or historically, members of a warrior nobility class (e.g., knights or samurai).

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Mississippi

Mississippi is a state in the Southern United States, with part of its southern border formed by the Gulf of Mexico.

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Mississippi River

The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second-largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system.

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Mississippi Territory

The Territory of Mississippi was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from April 7, 1798, until December 10, 1817, when the western half of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Mississippi and the eastern half became the Alabama Territory until its admittance to the Union as the State of Alabama on December 14, 1819.

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Mississippian culture

The Mississippian culture was a mound-building Native American civilization archeologists date from approximately 800 CE to 1600 CE, varying regionally.

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Mobile, Alabama

Mobile is the county seat of Mobile County, Alabama, United States.

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Montgomery, Alabama

Montgomery is the capital city of the U.S. state of Alabama and the county seat of Montgomery County.

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Mound Builders

The various cultures collectively termed Mound Builders were inhabitants of North America who, during a 5,000-year period, constructed various styles of earthen mounds for religious, ceremonial, burial, and elite residential purposes.

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Moundville Archaeological Site

Moundville Archaeological Site, also known as the Moundville Archaeological Park, is a Mississippian culture site on the Black Warrior River in Hale County, near the city of Tuscaloosa, Alabama.

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Muscogee (Creek) Nation

The Muscogee (Creek) Nation is a federally recognized Native American tribe based in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

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Muscogee language

The Muscogee language (Mvskoke in Muscogee), also known as Creek, Seminole, Maskókî or Muskogee, is a Muskogean language spoken by Muscogee (Creek) and Seminole people, primarily in the U.S. states of Oklahoma and Florida.

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Musket

A musket is a muzzle-loaded, smoothbore long gun that appeared in early 16th century Europe, at first as a heavier variant of the arquebus, capable of penetrating heavy armor.

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Muskogean languages

Muskogean (also Muskhogean, Muskogee) is an indigenous language family of the Southeastern United States.

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Muskogee, Oklahoma

Muskogee is a town in and the county seat of Muskogee County, Oklahoma, United States.

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Narváez expedition

The Narváez expedition was a Spanish journey of exploration and colonization started in 1527 that intended to establish colonial settlements and garrisons in Florida.

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Nashville, Tennessee

Nashville is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Tennessee and the seat of Davidson County.

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Natchez people

The Natchez (Natchez pronunciation) are a Native American people who originally lived in the Natchez Bluffs area in the Lower Mississippi Valley, near the present-day city of Natchez, Mississippi in the United States.

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Native American gaming

Native American gaming comprises casinos, bingo halls, and other gambling operations on Indian reservations or other tribal land in the United States.

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Negro Fort

Negro Fort was a fort built by the British in 1814, during the War of 1812, on the Apalachicola River, in a remote part of Spanish Florida.

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New Orleans

New Orleans (. Merriam-Webster.; La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana.

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New York City

The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.

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North Carolina

North Carolina is a U.S. state in the southeastern region of the United States.

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North Georgia

North Georgia is the hilly to mountainous northern region of the U.S. state of Georgia.

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Northern United States

The Northern United States, commonly referred to as the American North or simply the North, can be a geographic or historical term and definition.

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Noxubee River

right The Noxubee River (NAHKS-uh-bee) is a tributary of the Tombigbee River, about long, in east-central Mississippi and west-central Alabama in the United States.

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Nuyaka

Nuyaka, Oklahoma is a populated place in Okmulgee County, Oklahoma.

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Ocmulgee National Monument

Ocmulgee National Monument preserves traces of over ten millennia of Southeastern Native American culture, including major earthworks built before 1000 CE by the South Appalachian Mississippian culture (a regional variation of the Mississippian culture.) These include the Great Temple and other ceremonial mounds, a burial mound, and defensive trenches.

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Ocmulgee River

; The Ocmulgee River (ok-MUHL-gee) is a western tributary of the Altamaha River, approximately 255 mi (410 km) long, in the U.S. state of Georgia.

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Oconee River

The Oconee River is a U.S. Geological Survey.

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Ohio River

The Ohio River, which streams westward from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Cairo, Illinois, is the largest tributary, by volume, of the Mississippi River in the United States.

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Okemah, Oklahoma

Okemah is the largest city in and the county seat of Okfuskee County, Oklahoma, United States.

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Oklahoma

Oklahoma (Uukuhuúwa, Gahnawiyoˀgeh) is a state in the South Central region of the United States.

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Okmulgee, Oklahoma

Okmulgee is a city in Okmulgee County, Oklahoma, United States.

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One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)

One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is a 1975 American comedy-drama film directed by Miloš Forman, based on the 1962 novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest by Ken Kesey.

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Opothleyahola

Opothleyahola, also spelled Opothle Yohola, Opothleyoholo, Hu-pui-hilth Yahola, and Hopoeitheyohola, (about 1798 – March 22, 1863) was a Muscogee Creek Indian chief, noted as a brilliant orator.

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Paleo-Indians

Paleo-Indians, Paleoindians or Paleoamericans is a classification term given to the first peoples who entered, and subsequently inhabited, the Americas during the final glacial episodes of the late Pleistocene period.

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Panton, Leslie & Company

Panton, Leslie & Company was a company of Scottish merchants active in trading in the Bahamas and with the Native Americans of what is now the Southeastern United States during the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

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Patriot (American Revolution)

Patriots (also known as Revolutionaries, Continentals, Rebels, or American Whigs) were those colonists of the Thirteen Colonies who rejected British rule during the American Revolution and declared the United States of America as an independent nation in July 1776.

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Pensacola, Florida

Pensacola is the westernmost city in the Florida Panhandle, approximately from the border with Alabama, and the county seat of Escambia County, in the U.S. state of Florida.

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Peter McQueen

Peter McQueen (c. 1780 – 1820) was a Creek Indian chief, prophet, trader and warrior from Talisi (Tallassee, among the Upper Towns in present-day Alabama.) He was one of the young men known as Red Sticks, who became a prophet for expulsion of the European Americans from Creek territory and a revival of traditional practices.

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Pinckney's Treaty

Pinckney's Treaty, also commonly known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo or the Treaty of Madrid, was signed in San Lorenzo de El Escorial on October 27, 1795 and established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain.

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Pleistocene

The Pleistocene (often colloquially referred to as the Ice Age) is the geological epoch which lasted from about 2,588,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the world's most recent period of repeated glaciations.

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Poarch Band of Creek Indians

The Poarch Band of Creek Indians is the only federally recognized tribe of Native Americans in Alabama.

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Poarch Creek Indian Reservation

The Poarch Creek Indian Reservation is a Creek Indian reservation in the state of Alabama.

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Pow wow

A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.

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Prospect Bluff Historic Sites

Prospect Bluff Historic Sites (until 2016 Fort Gadsden Historic Site, and sometimes given as Fort Gadsden Historic Memorial) is located in Franklin County, Florida, on the Apalachicola River, SW of Sumatra, Florida.

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Protestantism

Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively more than 900 million adherents worldwide or nearly 40% of all Christians.

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Province of Carolina

The Province of Carolina was an English and later a British colony of North America.

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Red Sticks

Red Sticks (also Redsticks or Red Clubs), the name deriving from the red-painted war clubs of some Native American Creeks—refers to an early 19th-century traditionalist faction of these people in the American Southeast.

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Right of asylum

The right of asylum (sometimes called right of political asylum, from the Ancient Greek word ἄσυλον) is an ancient juridical concept, under which a person persecuted by his own country may be protected by another sovereign authority, such as another country or church official, who in medieval times could offer sanctuary.

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Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force.

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Samuel Benton Callahan

Samuel Benton Callahan (January 26, 1833 – February 17, 1911) was an influential, mixed blood Creek politician, born in Mobile, Alabama, to a white father and a mixed-blood Creek woman.

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San Marcos de Apalache Historic State Park

San Marcos de Apalache Historic State Park is a Florida State Park in Wakulla County, Florida organized around the historic site of a Spanish colonial fort (known as Fort St. Marks by the English and Americans), which was used by succeeding nations that controlled the area.

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Santee (South Carolina)

The Santee tribe were a historical tribe of Siouan-language speakers from South Carolina.

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Savannah, Georgia

Savannah is the oldest city in the U.S. state of Georgia and is the county seat of Chatham County.

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Scotch-Irish Americans

Scotch-Irish (or Scots-Irish) Americans are American descendants of Presbyterian and other Ulster Protestant Dissenters from various parts of Ireland, but usually from the province of Ulster, who migrated during the 18th and 19th centuries.

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Second Treaty of San Ildefonso

The Second Treaty of San Ildefonso was signed on 19 August 1796 between Spain and the First French Republic.

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Seminole

The Seminole are a Native American people originally from Florida.

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Seminole Nation of Oklahoma

The Seminole Nation of Oklahoma is a federally recognized Native American tribe based in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

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Seminole Tribe of Florida

The Seminole Tribe of Florida is a federally recognized Seminole tribe based in the U.S. state of Florida.

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Seminole Wars

The Seminole Wars, also known as the Florida Wars, were three conflicts in Florida between the Seminole, a Native American tribe that formed in Florida in the early 18th century, and the United States Army.

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Seven Years' War

The Seven Years' War was a global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763.

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Shawnee

The Shawnee (Shaawanwaki, Ša˙wano˙ki and Shaawanowi lenaweeki) are an Algonquian-speaking ethnic group indigenous to North America. In colonial times they were a semi-migratory Native American nation, primarily inhabiting areas of the Ohio Valley, extending from what became Ohio and Kentucky eastward to West Virginia, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Western Maryland; south to Alabama and South Carolina; and westward to Indiana, and Illinois. Pushed west by European-American pressure, the Shawnee migrated to Missouri and Kansas, with some removed to Indian Territory (Oklahoma) west of the Mississippi River in the 1830s. Other Shawnee did not remove to Oklahoma until after the Civil War. Made up of different historical and kinship groups, today there are three federally recognized Shawnee tribes, all headquartered in Oklahoma: the Absentee-Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma, Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma, and Shawnee Tribe.

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Siege of Detroit

The Siege of Detroit, also known as the Surrender of Detroit, or the Battle of Fort Detroit, was an early engagement in the British-U.S. War of 1812.

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Siege of Pensacola

The Siege of Pensacola was a siege fought in 1781, the culmination of Spain's conquest of the British province West Florida during the Gulf Coast campaign.

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Slavery

Slavery is any system in which principles of property law are applied to people, allowing individuals to own, buy and sell other individuals, as a de jure form of property.

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Slavery among Native Americans in the United States

Slavery among Native Americans in the United States includes slavery by Native Americans as well as slavery of Native Americans roughly within the present-day United States.

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Social conservatism

Social conservatism is the belief that society is built upon a fragile network of relationships which need to be upheld through duty, traditional values and established institutions.

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Sons of Liberty

The Sons of Liberty was an organization that was created in the Thirteen American Colonies.

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South Carolina

South Carolina is a U.S. state in the southeastern region of the United States.

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Southeastern Ceremonial Complex

The Southeastern Ceremonial Complex (formerly the Southern Cult), aka S.E.C.C., is the name given to the regional stylistic similarity of artifacts, iconography, ceremonies, and mythology of the Mississippian culture that coincided with their adoption of maize agriculture and chiefdom-level complex social organization from 1200 to 1650 CE.

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Southern United States

The Southern United States, also known as the American South, Dixie, Dixieland, or simply the South, is a region of the United States of America.

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Spain

Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.

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Spain and the American Revolutionary War

Spain's role in the independence of the United States was part of its dispute over colonial supremacy with the Kingdom of Great Britain.

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Spanish colonization of the Americas

The overseas expansion under the Crown of Castile was initiated under the royal authority and first accomplished by the Spanish conquistadors.

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Spanish Empire

The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español; Imperium Hispanicum), historically known as the Hispanic Monarchy (Monarquía Hispánica) and as the Catholic Monarchy (Monarquía Católica) was one of the largest empires in history.

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Spanish Florida

Spanish Florida refers to the Spanish territory of La Florida, which was the first major European land claim and attempted settlement in North America during the European Age of Discovery.

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Spanish missions in Florida

Beginning in the second half of the 16th century, the Kingdom of Spain established a number of missions throughout ''La Florida'' in order to convert the Indians to Christianity, to facilitate control of the area, and to prevent its colonization by other countries, in particular, England and France.

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St. Johns River

The St.

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State of Muskogee

The State of Muskogee was a proclaimed sovereign nation located in Florida, founded in 1799 and led by William Augustus Bowles, a Loyalist veteran of the American Revolutionary War who lived among the Muscogee, and envisioned uniting the American Indians of the Southeast into a single nation that could resist the expansion of the United States.

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Stomp dance

The Stomp Dance (Caddo: Kaki?tihánnakah) is performed by various Eastern Woodland tribes and Native American communities, including the Muscogee, Yuchi, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Delaware, Miami, Caddo, Tuscarora, Ottawa, Quapaw, Peoria, Shawnee, Seminole,Conlon, Paula.

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Suzan Shown Harjo

Suzan Shown Harjo (born June 2, 1945) (Cheyenne and Hodulgee Muscogee) is an advocate for American Indian rights.

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Tallahassee, Florida

Tallahassee is the capital of the U.S. state of Florida.

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Tallapoosa River

The Tallapoosa River runs U.S. Geological Survey.

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Tecumseh

Tecumseh (March 1768 – October 5, 1813) was a Native American Shawnee warrior and chief, who became the primary leader of a large, multi-tribal confederacy in the early 19th century.

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Tennessee

Tennessee (translit) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States.

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Tennessee River

The Tennessee River is the largest tributary of the Ohio River.

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Tenskwatawa

Tenskwatawa(also called Tenskatawa, Tenskwatawah, Tensquatawa or Lalawethika) (January 1775 – November 1836) was a Native American religious and political leader of the Shawnee tribe, known as the Prophet or the Shawnee Prophet.

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Texas

Texas (Texas or Tejas) is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population.

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Thanksgiving

Thanksgiving Day is a national holiday celebrated in Canada, the United States, some of the Caribbean islands, and Liberia.

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The Bahamas

The Bahamas, known officially as the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an archipelagic state within the Lucayan Archipelago.

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Thlopthlocco Tribal Town

Thlopthlocco Tribal Town is both a federally recognized Native American tribe and a traditional township of Muscogee Creek Indians, based in Oklahoma.

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Thomas Brown (loyalist)

Thomas "Burnfoot" Brown (May 27, 1750 – August 3, 1825) was a British Loyalist, during the American Revolution.

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Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson (April 13, [O.S. April 2] 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and later served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809.

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Timucua

The Timucua were a Native American people who lived in Northeast and North Central Florida and southeast Georgia.

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Tommy Warren

Thomas Gentry Warren (July 5, 1917 – January 2, 1968) was an Oklahoma Muscogee Major League Baseball left-handed pitcher.

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Tomochichi

Tomochichi (to-mo-chi-chi') (c. 1644 – October 5, 1739) was a seventeenth-century Creek leader and the head chief of a Yamacraw town on the site of present-day Savannah, Georgia.

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Toqua (Tennessee)

Toqua (also known as Toquo) is a prehistoric and historic Native American site in Monroe County, Tennessee, located in the southeastern United States.

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Trading post

A trading post, trading station, or trading house was a place or establishment where the trading of goods took place; the term is generally used, in modern parlance, in reference to such establishments in historic Northern America, although the practice long predates that continent's colonization by Europeans.

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Trail of Tears

The Trail of Tears was a series of forced relocations of Native American peoples from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States, to areas to the west (usually west of the Mississippi River) that had been designated as Indian Territory.

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Trans-Oconee Republic

The Trans-Oconee Republic was a short-lived, independent state west of the Oconee River (in the state of Georgia).

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Treaty of Colerain

The Treaty of Colerain was signed at St. Marys, Georgia in Camden County, Georgia, by Benjamin Hawkins, George Clymer, and Andrew Pickens for the United States and representatives of the Creek Nation, for whom Indian trader Langley Bryant served as an interpreter, on June 29, 1796, proclaimed on March 18, 1797, and codified as.

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Treaty of Cusseta

The Treaty of Cusseta was a treaty between the government of the United States and the Creek Nation signed March 24, 1832.

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Treaty of Fort Jackson

The Treaty of Fort Jackson (also known as the Treaty with the Creeks, 1814) was signed on August 9, 1814 at Fort Jackson near Wetumpka, Alabama following the defeat of the Red Stick (Upper Creek) resistance by United States allied forces at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.

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Treaty of Indian Springs (1821)

The Treaty of Indian Springs, also known as the First Treaty of Indian Springs and the Treaty with the Creeks, is a treaty concluded between the Muscogee and the United States on January 8, 1821 at what is now Indian Springs State Park.

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Treaty of Indian Springs (1825)

The Treaty of Indian Springs, also known as the Second Treaty of Indian Springs and the Treaty with the Creeks, is a treaty concluded between the Muscogee and the United States on February 12, 1825 at what is now the Indian Springs Hotel Museum.

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Treaty of New York (1790)

The Treaty of New York was a treaty signed in 1790 between leaders of the Creek people and Henry Knox, then Secretary of War for the United States, under president George Washington.

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Treaty of Washington (1826)

The 1826 Treaty of Washington was a settlement between the United States government and the Creek National Council of Native Americans, led by their spokesman Opothleyahola.

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Tukabatchee

Tukabatchee or Tuckabutche (Creek: Tokepahce) is one of the four mother towns of the Muscogee Creek confederacy.

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Tuskegee, Alabama

Tuskegee is a city in Macon County, Alabama, United States.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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Void (law)

In law, void means of no legal effect.

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War of 1812

The War of 1812 was a conflict fought between the United States, the United Kingdom, and their respective allies from June 1812 to February 1815.

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Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington or D.C., is the capital of the United States of America.

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West Florida

West Florida (Florida Occidental) was a region on the north shore of the Gulf of Mexico that underwent several boundary and sovereignty changes during its history.

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Wetumka, Oklahoma

Wetumka is a city in northern Hughes County, Oklahoma, United States.

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Wetumpka, Alabama

Wetumpka is a city in and the county seat of Elmore County, Alabama, United States.

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White-tailed deer

The white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), also known as the whitetail or Virginia deer, is a medium-sized deer native to the United States, Canada, Mexico, Central America, and South America as far south as Peru and Bolivia.

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Will Sampson

William "Will" Sampson Jr. (September 27, 1933 – June 3, 1987) was a Native American painter, actor, and rodeo performer.

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William Augustus Bowles

William Augustus Bowles (1763–1805), also known as Estajoca, was a Maryland-born English adventurer and organizer of Native American attempts to create their own state outside of the control of the United States, Spain, or Great Britain.

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William Bartram

William Bartram (April 20, 1739 – July 22, 1823) was an American naturalist.

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William Harjo LoneFight

William Harjo LoneFight (born 1966), is President and CEO of American Native Services, a consulting firm in Bismarck, North Dakota.

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William McIntosh

William McIntosh (1775 – April 30, 1825),Hoxie, « McIntosh, William, Jr.

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William Weatherford

William Weatherford, known as Red Eagle (ca. 1781–March 24, 1824), was a Creek chief of the Upper Creek towns who led many of the Red Sticks actions in the Creek War (1813–1814) against Lower Creek towns and against allied forces of the United States.

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Wilson County, Kansas

Wilson County (standard abbreviation: WL) is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas.

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Woodland period

In the classification of Archaeological cultures of North America, the Woodland period of North American pre-Columbian cultures spanned a period from roughly 1000 BCE to European contact in the eastern part of North America, with some archaeologists distinguishing the Mississippian period, from 1000 CE to European contact as a separate period.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Yamacraw

The Yamacraw were a Native American band that emerged in the early 18th century, occupying parts of what became Georgia, specifically along the bluffs near the mouth of the Savannah River where it enters the Atlantic Ocean.

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Yamasee

The Yamasee were a multiethnic confederation of Native Americans who lived in the coastal region of present-day northern coastal Georgia near the Savannah River and later in northeastern Florida.

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Yamasee War

The Yamasee or Yemassee War (1715–1717) was a conflict between British settlers of colonial South Carolina and various Native American tribes, including the Yamasee, Muscogee, Cherokee, Catawba, Apalachee, Apalachicola, Yuchi, Savannah River Shawnee, Congaree, Waxhaw, Pee Dee, Cape Fear, Cheraw, and others.

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Yeoman

A yeoman was a member of a social class in late medieval to early modern England.

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Yuchi

The Yuchi people, spelled Euchee and Uchee, are people of a Native American tribe who historically lived in the eastern Tennessee River valley in Tennessee in the 16th century.

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Yuchi language

Yuchi (Euchee) is the language of the Cohaya people living in Oklahoma.

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1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes

The 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes were an intense intraplate earthquake series beginning with an initial earthquake of moment magnitude 7.5–7.9 on December 16, 1811, followed by a moment magnitude 7.4 aftershock on the same day.

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2nd Confederate States Congress

The Second Confederate States Congress, consisting of the Confederate States Senate and the Confederate States House of Representatives, met from May 2, 1864, to March 18, 1865, during the last year of Jefferson Davis's presidency, at the Virginia State Capitol in Richmond, Virginia.

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Redirects here:

Creek (American Indians), Creek (people), Creek (tribe), Creek Confederacy, Creek Indian, Creek Indian Confederation, Creek Indians, Creek Indians war, Creek indians, Creek people, Creek person, Creek tribe, Lower Creek, Lower Creek Indians, Muscogee (Creek), Muscogee (Creek) people, Muscogee Confederacy, Muscogee Creek, Muscogee Creek Confederacy, Muscogee Creek confederacy, Muscogee Creek people, Muscogee Creeks, Muscogee Nation Confederacy, Muscogee people, Muscogee-Creeks, Muscogees, Muskhogean Stock, Muskhogean stock, Muskogean stock, Muskogees, Mvskoke, The Creeks, Upper Creek, Upper Creeks.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscogee

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